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Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disorder characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Myricetin, a flavonoid found in various plants, has shown potential anti-diabetic effects in murine studies. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of myricetin supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in mouse models of metabolic diseases. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42024591569). Studies involving mice with metabolic disease models and exclusively using myricetin supplementation were checked across four databases (Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and WoS) until 23rd September 2024. The primary outcomes assessed were blood glucose (BG), insulin levels, triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL, and LDL. A random-effects model was applied to estimate standardized mean differences (SMD), and SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool for animal studies was used. Results: Twenty-one studies with 514 mice met the inclusion criteria. Myricetin supplementation significantly reduced BG (SMD = −1.45, CI: −1.91 to −0.99, p < 0.00001, I2 = 74%), insulin (SMD = −1.78, CI: −2.89 to −0.68, p = 0.002, I2 = 86%), TAG (SMD = −2.60, CI: −3.24 to −1.96, p < 0.00001, I2 = 81%), TC (SMD = −1.86, CI: −2.29 to −1.44, p < 0.00001, I2 = 62%), and LDL (SMD = −2.95, CI: −3.75 to −2.14, p < 0.00001, I2 = 74%). However, the effect on HDL was not statistically significant (SMD = 0.71, CI: −0.01 to 1.43, p = 0.05, I2 = 83%). Conclusions: Myricetin supplementation improved glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in mouse models, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing T2DM. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings in human studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Moringa oleifera leaf is used for diabetes due to its pharmacologic effects. Patients with hyperglycemia experience beta cell destruction. However, no research on risk awareness has been done to ascertain its safety. The present study describes the antidiabetic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf, such as the protection of pancreatic beta cells and the induction of glycogen synthesis, before addressing the secondary effects of diabetes, such as hepatic and renal toxicity. Methods: Forty‐five Wistar rats weighed 160 ± 10 g were divided into nine groups. All animal operations complied with the National Institute of Health (NIH) guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals as approved by the Animal Ethical Committee, University of Jos. Group I was normal control and Group II was diabetic animals induced with alloxan. Insulin and extract doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg were given to diabetic Groups III‐VI. Normal animals in Groups VII–IX were given extract at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for 28 days. Tissues were retrieved for biochemical and histological investigations using standard techniques. Results: There was decrease relative body weight of diabetic animals (95.50 ± 5.50) when compared to normal control (142.75 ± 20.08) with increased levels of urea (control 6.13 ± 0.523 and diabetes 29.23 ± 1.267) and creatinine (control 0.70 ± 0.057 and diabetes 2.13 ± 0.185). Histology of the liver and pancreas also points to organ damage due to hyperglycemia. However, oral administration of extract showed antidiabetic effect with protection of pancreatic beta cells and the induction of glycogen synthesis, no glycogen was deposited in the liver, addressing the secondary effects of diabetes, such as hepatic and renal toxicity. Further discovery revealed that extract elevated antioxidant enzyme expression. Conclusion: Leaf extract from Moringa oleifera reduces blood sugar and lessens the damage caused by hyperglycemia in the pancreas and liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building envelopes and indoor environments exhibit thermal inertia, forming a virtual energy storage system in conjunction with the building air conditioner (AC) system. This system represents a current demand response resource for building electricity use. Thus, this study centers on the CatBoost algorithm within machine learning (ML) technology, utilizing the LASSO regression model for feature selection and applying the Optuna framework for hyperparameter optimization (HPO) to develop a cost-optimal control method for minimizing building AC loads. This method addresses the challenges associated with traditional load forecasting and control methods, which are often impacted by environmental temperature, building parameters, and user behavior uncertainties. These methods struggle to accurately capture the complex dynamics and nonlinear relationships of AC operations, making it difficult to devise AC operation and virtual energy storage scheduling strategies effectively. The proposed method was applied and validated using a case study of an office building in Nanjing, China. The prediction results showed coefficient of variation in root mean square error (CV-RMSE) values of 6.4% and 2.2%. Compared with the original operating conditions, the indoor temperature remained within a comfortable range, the AC load was reduced by 5.25%, and the operating energy costs were reduced by 24.94%. These results demonstrate that the proposed method offers improved computational efficiency, enhanced model performance, and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, research has noted the increasing prevalence of mental health problems among university students. The current mental health needs of the university population, along with the multitude of stressors they face, have increased the importance of examining their psychological well-being and determining the personal resources that effectively promote it. In this context, the present research aims to analyze the roles of psychological capital (PsyCap) and coping strategies as personal resources that are significantly related to the psychological well-being (PWB) of university students. Specifically, the mediating roles of various coping strategies (both adaptive and maladaptive) in the relationship between PsyCap and PWB are explored. The study involves 391 university students from Spain. The results show partial mediation effects of adaptive coping strategies (cognitive restructuring and social support) on the relationship between PsyCap and PWB. Likewise, PsyCap is shown to be a direct positive predictor of adaptive coping strategies and PWB, as well as a direct negative predictor of maladaptive coping strategies (self-criticism). Therefore, it is concluded that PsyCap and some adaptive coping strategies serve as valuable personal resources that predict PWB in university students. PsyCap is also associated with a lower tendency to engage in maladaptive coping strategies, such as self-criticism. Similarly, the use of cognitive restructuring and/or social support is related to high levels of PWB among university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the valorization of Millettia laurentii carpentry sawdust waste into sustainable natural dye for ecological dyeing and functional finishing of wool textiles. A simple aqueous extraction method was used to isolate natural dye, then the extracted bio-dye was subjected to different qualitative and quantitative analyses. Wool yarns were dyed in conjunction with different metal salts (aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, and zinc sulfate) and their binary combinations (Al/Fe, Al/Cu, Al/Zn, Fe/Cu, Fe/Zn, and Cu/Zn) as mordants. Practically, 11 different eco-friendly shades were developed of varying hues and tones employing 75% (o.w.f.) of M. laurentii sawdust. The antibacterial action against E. coli and S. aureus, free radical scavenging power, and UV protection properties of dyed wool yarns were recorded. The introduction of different metal salts and their combinations enhanced the color properties with a semi-durable antimicrobial and antioxidant finish. Statistical analysis of the color parameters of binary mixed metal combinations confirms the synergetic contribution of individual metal ions in each combination. The amount of individual mordant adsorbed (weight percentage) from a particular combination was further assessed by EDX analysis of mordanted dyed wool yarns. Overall, the results suggest that copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate pre-treatment were the best combinations (Fe/Cu) for wool yarns in conjunction with 75.0% (o.w.f.) M. laurentii sawdust, considering the color fastness, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The results provide ample scope for the upcycling of timber industry waste into a natural dye for the eco-friendly coloration of wool textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coccoloba uvifera L. (Family: Polygonaceae) known as sea grape is natively distributed in middle and south America. The aqueous leaf extract showed inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase in previous reports. Moreover, the hydroalcoholic leaves extract ameliorated hyperglycemia in the oral glucose tolerance test. Despite these promising results, the extracts used in these studies were not standardized, nor was their mechanism of action elucidated. The current study aims to standardize the ethanolic C. uvifera leaves extract (CU) using markers, and assess its ameliorative activity against diabetes and its hepatoprotective activity against diabetic complications. Results: Standardized leaves' ethanolic extract contained 0.09 ± 0.00057 and 0.23 ± 0.0011 mg/g gallic acid and rutin, respectively, as estimated by HPLC. Administration of CU (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 6 weeks ameliorated DM manifestations in STZ-induced diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. The ethanolic extract reduced fasting blood glucose, increased serum insulin and reduced elevated liver enzymes. CU counteracted oxidative stress, promoted glucose metabolizing enzymes and reduced gluconeogenesis enzymes. The underlying mechanism involved increased expression of IR, IRS-1, IRS-2 and GLUT2 in liver tissue through activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. The histopathological study demonstrated reduced inflammation and hepatocyte degeneration. Conclusion: CU could be used as a promising antidiabetic drug with hepatoprotective activity in diabetes hepatic complications. The standardized CU ethanolic extract should be further assessed clinically alone or in combination with other antidiabetic remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study proceeded to reduce the environmental hazards spreading worldwide due to synthetic dyes. To overcome these problems, eco-friendly natural dyes are introduced as alternative sources of synthetic dyes. The present study was focused on exploring the bio-colorant of the aqueous and acidic extract of the bark of Melia azedarach L. for the dyeing of both silk and cotton samples. The results of the extraction medium specified that the aqueous extract gave maximum colorant solubility and upon fabric dyeing produced higher color strength in contrast to the acidic medium. The optimization experimentation data showed that excellent color strength of silk fabric was found at 45 min dyeing time duration, in 35:1 mL dye extract, and using 2% salt (NaCl) as an exhausting agent, whereas cotton fabric showed the maximum K/S value at 60 min dyeing time, in a 45:1 mL liquor ratio, and with the use of 2% salt. Bio-mordants produce different shades on both fabrics. Bio-mordanting experiments on silk revealed that pre-mordanting with 2% turmeric and 3% pomegranate, and post-mordanting using 3% turmeric and 2% pomegranate produced a darker shade. In the case of cotton, the pre-mordanted samples with 2% turmeric and 3% pomegranate and the post-mordanted samples with 4% turmeric and 4% pomegranate gave the highest color strengths. All the mordanted samples gave excellent fastness ratings. Overall, it has been found that Bakain bark proved to be an excellent source of tannin. The result of this study showed that it could be a cost-effective and eco-friendly dye source for textile progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiking neural networks and neuromorphic hardware platforms that simulate neuronal dynamics are getting wide attention and are being applied to many relevant problems using Machine Learning. Despite a well-established mathematical foundation for neural dynamics, there exists numerous software and hardware solutions and stacks whose variability makes it difficult to reproduce findings. Here, we establish a common reference frame for computations in digital neuromorphic systems, titled Neuromorphic Intermediate Representation (NIR). NIR defines a set of computational and composable model primitives as hybrid systems combining continuous-time dynamics and discrete events. By abstracting away assumptions around discretization and hardware constraints, NIR faithfully captures the computational model, while bridging differences between the evaluated implementation and the underlying mathematical formalism. NIR supports an unprecedented number of neuromorphic systems, which we demonstrate by reproducing three spiking neural network models of different complexity across 7 neuromorphic simulators and 4 digital hardware platforms. NIR decouples the development of neuromorphic hardware and software, enabling interoperability between platforms and improving accessibility to multiple neuromorphic technologies. We believe that NIR is a key next step in brain-inspired hardware-software co-evolution, enabling research towards the implementation of energy efficient computational principles of nervous systems. NIR is available at neuroir.org Neuromorphic software and hardware solutions vary widely, challenging interoperability and reproducibility. Here, authors establish a representation for neuromorphic computations in continuous time and demonstrate support across 11 platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a squeezed ternary nanofluid between two horizontal parallel Riga plates. The importance of this problem lies in understanding the complex interactions between magnetic fields, nanofluid dynamics, and heat transfer, which are crucial for optimizing thermal management systems. This study utilizes a numerical approach, specifically a collocation method implemented in MATLAB, to solve the governing equations with high precision. Key results acquired indicate that the magnetic field and Riga plate actuator significantly enhance fluid velocity, whereas the variation in thermal conductivity, radiation, and viscous dissipation increases the temperature distribution. Quantitative analysis illustrates the impact of all these factors on skin friction and Nusselt number. Sensitivity analysis using the response surface methodology exhibits the conditions for optimized heat transfer. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic flow in the presence of a microcantilever sensor, which provides deep understanding of optimization of heat transfer rates. This research offers a detailed examination of the combined effects of various physical phenomena and also validates them through graphical comparisons with existing studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces a newer hybrid method (HAIS-GA) of optimizing and choosing the ideal machining parameters for cryogenic processing. It depends on two late methodologies genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial immune system (AIS), which are connected to numerous troublesome combinatorial streamlining issues with specific qualities and shortcomings. These developmental calculations are proposed to find the best arrangement of process factors for the clashing prerequisites in multi objective capacities. Hybrid model optimization also comes with challenges, such as selecting the right combination of techniques, tuning parameters, potential increases in complexity, and the need for expertise in multiple optimization methods. The key reason for this hybrid approach (HAIS-GA) is the improvement in the results that is achieved due to the characteristics of GA and AIS. Three test functions are employed to compare the outcomes in terms of these functions' ability to achieve the lowest value. Cryogenic processing is used to validate the optimised values that were obtained. The attained results showcase that HAIS-GA approach, in conclusion exhibits a more favourable minimal objective function within a reasonable duration. Due to the nature of Unrestricting to local optima, and it being self-adaptive HAIS-GA provides better result compared to GA and AIS. Based on the least value of the objective function and time for each method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interoception plays an important role in emotion processing. However, the neurobiological substrates of the relationship between visceral responses and emotional experiences remain unclear. In the present study, we measured interoceptive sensitivity using the heartbeat discrimination task and investigated the effects of individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity on changes in pulse rate and insula activity in response to subjective emotional intensity. We found a positive correlation between heart rate and valence level when listening to music only in the high interoceptive sensitivity group. The valence level was also positively correlated with music-elicited anterior insula activity. Furthermore, a region of interest analysis of insula subregions revealed significant activity in the left dorsal dysgranular insula for individuals with high interoceptive sensitivity relative to individuals with low interoceptive sensitivity while listening to the high-valence music pieces. Our results suggest that individuals with high interoceptive sensitivity use their physiological responses to assess their emotional level when listening to music. In addition, insula activity may reflect the use of interoceptive signals to estimate emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms hold the potential to revolutionize radiology. However, a significant portion of the published literature lacks transparency and reproducibility, which hampers sustained progress toward clinical translation. Although several reporting guidelines have been proposed, identifying practical means to address these issues remains challenging. Here, we show the potential of cloud-based infrastructure for implementing and sharing transparent and reproducible AI-based radiology pipelines. We demonstrate end-to-end reproducibility from retrieving cloud-hosted data, through data pre-processing, deep learning inference, and post-processing, to the analysis and reporting of the final results. We successfully implement two distinct use cases, starting from recent literature on AI-based biomarkers for cancer imaging. Using cloud-hosted data and computing, we confirm the findings of these studies and extend the validation to previously unseen data for one of the use cases. Furthermore, we provide the community with transparent and easy-to-extend examples of pipelines impactful for the broader oncology field. Our approach demonstrates the potential of cloud resources for implementing, sharing, and using reproducible and transparent AI pipelines, which can accelerate the translation into clinical solutions. A significant portion of the scientific literature on AI for radiology lacks transparency and reproducibility, which hampers sustained progress toward clinical translation. Here, the authors offer a blueprint for transparent AI pipelines on cloud platforms, focusing on lung cancer prediction and biomarker discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the power supply queuing model M/M/∞. In this paper, we analyze total cost of power supply queuing model with infinite servers. We develop a total cost function and suject it to optimization, which consequently gives us non-linear equations. These non-linear equations are further solved by using Newton-Raphson method with the help of R-software. We also present analysis of sensitivity, tables and graphs of the model to exhibit the comprehensive interpretation of the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of battery-operated end-user electronic devices due to technological advancements, especially in medical image processing applications, demands low power consumption, high-speed operation, and efficient coding. The design of these devices is centered on the Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), General Purpose Processors (GPP), and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) frameworks. The need for low-power functional blocks arises from the growing demand for high-performance computational units that are part of high-speed processors operating at high clock frequencies. The operational speed of the processor is determined by the computational unit, which is the workhorse of high-speed processors. A novel approach to integrating Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) ASIC design and the concepts of low-power VLSI compatible with medical image compression was embraced in this research. The focus of this study was the design, development, and implementation of a Power Delay Product (PDP) optimized computational unit targeted for medical image compression using ASIC design flow. This stimulates the research community's quest to develop an ideal architecture, emphasizing on minimizing power consumption and enhancing device performance for medical image processing applications. The study uses area, delay, power, PDP, and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) as performance metrics. The research work takes inspiration from this and aims to enhance the efficiency of the computational unit through minor design modifications that significantly impact performance. This research proposes to explore the trade-off of high-performance adder and multiplier designs to design an ASIC-based computational unit using low-power techniques to enhance the efficiency in power and delay. The computational unit utilized for the digital image compression process was synthesized and implemented using gpdk 45 nm standard libraries with the Genus tool of Cadence. A reduced PDP of 46.87% was observed when the image compression was performed on a medical image, along with an improved PSNR of 5.89% for the reconstructed image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changing social, cultural and physical characteristics and uses of public spaces by migrants are of longstanding interest to social scientists. Often embedded in uses of public spaces are splinters, resonances and connections to home and migration. This paper examines the religious spaces that Sri Lankan migrants engage with in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia. To untangle the complexities associated with these spaces, we integrate a framework of belonging that encompasses rituals, relationships and restrictions. A multilayered dataset, which includes interviews with the Sri Lankan diaspora, (auto)ethnography, field observations and photography, revealed that within the Sri Lankan diaspora, individuals often used religious spaces to maintain rituals and identities. The data uncovered that some participants in the diaspora used religious spaces to gather and socialise with other diaspora members while others had dynamic relationships with these spaces – that is, the meanings attributed to religious spaces were at times fraught with tensions and hostilities towards religious practice and feelings of welcome. In this paper, we offer a snapshot of a growing diaspora in Australia and their negotiations to belong (or not). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I discuss how children and grandchildren of North Korean war refugees who were displaced during the Korean War construct identity and belonging in relation to their North Korean heritage. Drawing from the concept of postmemory, I examine how their northern heritage is experienced, constructed, mediated, and even solidified across generations who did not directly experience the Korean War. Unlike existing literature that predominantly focuses on the traumatic aspects of postmemory, I found that one's construction of postmemory also encompasses positive family memories. These affirming memories exist alongside traumatic ones, countering the overdetermined paradigm of trauma across memory studies. Thus, I propose alternative ways of remembering that capture a nuanced understanding of how the second and third generations construct positive postmemories alongside the traumatic memories of their ancestors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility1. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious2–4. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 bce, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 bce and earlier3,5. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 bce, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses6,7. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines.Analyses of 475 ancient horse genomes show modern horses emerged around 2200 bce, coinciding with sudden expansion across Eurasia, refuting the narrative of large horse herds accompanying earlier migrations of steppe peoples across Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes, designs and implements a reconfigurable phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter. It adopts the topology of the traditional PSFB converter and incorporates clamping circuits to solve some fundamental problems of conventional topology. In addition, auxiliary switches are employed for output reconfiguration, which allows expanding the output voltage range without compromising the system efficiency. Single pole double throw (SPDT) mechanical switches are used to realize series and parallel connections. In this paper, the characterization of the PSFB converter with clamping circuit and its design considerations are discussed. A 10 kW prototype with a power density of 0.485 W/cm3, 900 V input voltage and 400/800 V nominal output voltage was manufactured. The experimental results validated the analysis and confirmed the high conversion efficiency for a wide load range; an efficiency of 96.69% was obtained for the full load condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel cobalt selenide presents a typical Faraday charge storage mechanism, but its electrochemical performance is limited due to its poor reaction kinetics. As a common defect type, vacancy defects can eliminate the limitations of intrinsic chemical and structural characteristics, thereby improving the reaction kinetics of the electrode. Herein, we report a Va-NiCo2Sex nanomaterial with adjustable Se vacancy concentrations achieved by NaBH4 induction, realizing an enhancement of the performance of the supercapacitor. This adjustment of vacancy concentrations can not only essentially regulate the adsorption site and ion valence state and enhance the adsorption capacity and redox activity of ions, but also reveal the significant improvement of vacancy modification on the surface reaction kinetics of electrode materials through density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The electrochemical results show that the V2-NiCo2Sex electrode material with optimal vacancy concentrations has the highest specific capacity of 310.8 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1. The assembled hybrid supercapacitor V2-NiCo2Sex//AC-HSC can provide a high energy density of 76.5 W h kg−1 at a power density of 800.1 W kg−1. This work provides an effective strategy for exploring the structure–function relationship between vacancy concentrations and electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD) is a genetic sphingolipidosis involving virtually the entire body. Among its manifestation, the involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system is frequent. In recent decades, it has become evident that, besides cerebrovascular damage, a pure neuronal phenotype of AFD exists in the central nervous system, which is supported by clinical, pathological, and neuroimaging data. This neurodegenerative phenotype is often clinically characterized by an extrapyramidal component similar to the one seen in prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD). We analyzed the biological, clinical pathological, and neuroimaging data supporting this phenotype recently proposed in the literature. Moreover, we compared the neurodegenerative PD phenotype of AFD with a classical monogenic vascular disease responsible for vascular parkinsonism and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). A substantial difference in the clinical and neuroimaging features of neurodegenerative and vascular parkinsonism phenotypes emerged, with AFD being potentially responsible for both forms of the extrapyramidal involvement, and CADASIL mainly associated with the vascular subtype. The available studies share some limitations regarding both patients' information and neurological and genetic investigations. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential association between AFD and extrapyramidal manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile coloration is a complex process involving the interaction of dye molecules with fibers in a dye bath. Synthetic dyes pose environmental hazards, leading to increased interest in natural dyes sourced from plants, animals, and minerals. However, natural dyes often require mordants for application to textiles. Despite their eco‐friendliness, natural dyes can exhibit poor wash fastness on fabrics, necessitating further research to enhance their performance. This study investigates the use of mahogany sawdust extract as a natural dye for cotton coloration, focusing on the enhancement of fastness properties through metallic mordants and associated environmental risks. Mahogany sawdust, rich in flavonoids and tannins, shows promise as a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes. The dyeing process involves the extraction of natural dyes from sawmill bio‐waste and subsequent application onto cotton fabrics using various metallic mordants. Evaluation of colorfastness properties, color strength, color coordinates, tensile strength, FTIR, and SEM analysis provides insights into the dye‐fiber interactions and fabric properties. Environmental risk assessment considers metal exhaustion onto fabric surfaces, residual metal concentrations in mordant baths, and metal content in dyeing wastewater. Overall, this study contributes to the development of sustainable dyeing processes and highlights the importance of environmental considerations in textile coloration. Highlights: Mahogany sawdust extract: potential natural dye for sustainable cotton coloration.Metallic mordants enhance colorfastness and fabric durability in dyeing processes.Comprehensive analysis reveals the intricate dynamics of dye‐fiber interactions.Environmental risk evaluation guides sustainable textile manufacturing practices.Research paves the way for greener, more sustainable textile industry practices globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dehairing is one of the essential steps in the leather-making operation where the hair is removed using lime and sodium sulphide by the conventional method. In the present investigation, dehairing of goat skins has been attempted using zinc oxide and protease at the level of 0.5%, which gave satisfactory results. The DSC peaks indicated that the curve at 116.60 °C confirmed that the process is endothermic adsorbing more amount of zinc oxide favouring the dehairing process. Similarly, the TGA peaks showed that the process is a diffusion-controlled one, revealing more amount of zinc oxide has been transported to the skin sample favouring better dehairing in the experiments. SEM analysis clearly showed that control sample had long hair follicles, whereas the experimental sample showed complete removal of hair with hair bulbs, confirming that the experimental process is superior to control sample. FTIR analysis confirms the peaks in the visible in the ranges of 1630–1632 cm−1, 1544–1540 cm−1, and 1238–1236 cm−1 related to deformation vibration of N–H for amide bonds I, II, and III that facilitated better removal of interfibrillar proteins along with dermatan sulphate. The dehairing process was very effective, which can replace sodium sulphide in the considerable amount. This dehairing system reduces the pollution loads of BOD, COD, TDS, TSS to the level of 48, 37, 22, 23, respectively, over conventional lime and sodium sulphide dehairing system. The experimental leather sample revealed comparable shrinkage temperature, colour properties and physical strength properties to the control sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the algorithmic framework for a multimodal hearing aid (HA) prototype designed on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), specifically the RFSOC4*2 AMD FPGA, and evaluates the transmitter performance through simulation studies. The proposed architecture integrates audio and video inputs, processes them using advanced algorithms, and employs the 5G New Radio (NR) communication protocol for uploading the processed signal to the cloud. The core transmission utilizes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), an algorithm that effectively multiplexes the processed signals onto various orthogonal frequencies, enhancing bandwidth efficiency and reducing interference. The design is divided into different modules such as Sound reference signal (SRS), demodulation reference signal (DMRS), physical broadcast channel (PBCH), and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The modulation algorithm has been optimized for FPGA parallel processing capabilities, making it better suited for the hearing aid requirements for low latency. The optimized algorithm achieves a transmission time of only 4.789 ms and uses fewer hardware resources, enhancing performance in a cost-effective and energy-efficient manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In acromegaly, the primary tumor is usually found during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland. A remnant tumor after surgery is, however, harder to depict. When a tumor is missed, the remaining option is usually lifelong pharmacological treatment. Purpose: To identify tumors by reassessment of all available MRI scans in pharmacologically treated patients, operated or not, and to compare our results with the routine MRI reports. Material and Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with acromegaly and managed at a tertiary care center between 2005 and 2021 and currently on pharmacological treatment were included. MRI scans were evaluated in a standardized manner and classified independently by a radiologist and an endocrinologist into "certain," "suspected," or "no tumor." In case of disagreement, consensus was achieved with a senior neuroradiologist. The results were compared using the clinical radiologists' routine MRI reports. Results: We identified certain and suspected tumors in 29/74 and 36/74 patients, respectively. No tumor was identified in nine patients. In five of these, no MRI contrast agent was given. Discrepancy between our results and the routine MRI reports was found in 31/74 patients (P = 0.01). In 22 patients, the routine reports described no tumor while we identified certain tumors in 2/22 patients and suspected tumors in 13/22 patients. Conclusion: In most patients with pharmacologically treated acromegaly, we identified a certain or suspected pituitary tumor. These findings were more frequent compared to the routine MRI reports. Based on our results, patients will be considered for a change in long-term treatment modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short channel effects, where the channel length is equivalent to the source and drain junction depletion layer thicknesses, are becoming more prevalent. The need for alternative technologies has grown significantly due to these consequences; in scaled CMOS circuits, Drain-induced barrier lowering, velocity saturation, quantum confinement, and hot carrier degradation are examples of these effects. Furthermore, the limited area required through interconnections and the scaling effort to build more efficient and denser circuits has been hampered by the increased power density in nanoscale binary circuits. As a result, building effective nanoscale multiple-valued circuits is critical. This work proposes a low-power, small-area quaternary adder based on CNTFET switching logic. The proposed design reduces the number of transistors, size, and power consumption while maintaining full-swing operation and output driving capabilities. The Stanford Virtual-Source Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor Model version 1.01 simulates the recommended design using sub-15 nm CNFET technology. Binary logic has become extremely difficult as the VLSI industry progresses. Adder logic, such as ternary and Quaternary adder logic, are examples of MVL, a multi-valued logic utilized to address this difficulty. Quaternary logic has four inputs: 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 are the values for these inputs. Regarding chip size and interconnection complexity, MVL designs outperform binary logic architectures. To ensure this promising proposed design works appropriately, voltage dividers are used to construct basic gates, half-adders, and full-adders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Color and body size traits are considered the key parameters influence the economic value of animals. In recent years, advancement in the genetic basis of coat colors in equines has received considerable attention among animal breeders. In addition, coat color plays a significant role in breed identification and selection, as well as animal health and disease. The current review concisely provides information on the role of melanin pigments and key candidate genes associated with coat color phenotypes in equines. Furthermore, the review also highlights the importance of coat color in equine breeding and health. Variation in coat color among equids has attracted significant interest in genetics and breeding research. The range of colors is primarily determined by the type, concentration, and distribution of melanin pigments, with the balance between eumelanin and pheomelanin influenced by numerous genetic factors. Advances in genomic and sequencing technologies have enabled the identification of several candidate genes that influence coat color, thereby clarifying the genetic basis of these diverse phenotypes. In this review, we concisely categorize coat coloration in horses and donkeys, focusing on the biosynthesis and types of melanin involved in pigmentation. Moreover, we highlight the regulatory roles of some key candidate genes, such as MC1R, TYR, MITF, ASIP, and KIT, in coat color variation. Moreover, the review explores how coat color relates to selective breeding and specific equine diseases, offering valuable insights for developing breeding strategies that enhance both the esthetic and health aspects of equine species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuS nanostructures with high surface areas were produced through a hydrothermal method using simple materials. These included pure CuS, as well as CuS doped with Fe, Ag, and Mn, as well as dual-doped with Fe/Mn and Ag/Mn. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEM), chemical composition (EDX) analysis, zeta potential, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectra, and compositional chemicals (FTIR) have been used to characterize the produced nanoparticles. The XRD patterns indicate that the CuS is in hexagonal covellite polycrystalline phases with estimated crystalline sizes of 25.14–14.25 nm. The optical measurements showed that the band gaps ranged from 3.19 to 2.24 eV. The inhibitory effects of pristine CuS, as well as CuS doping with Fe, Ag, and Mn and dual-doping with (Fe/Mn, Ag/Mn), against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, were evaluated using the inhibition zone method. All samples exhibited robust antibacterial activity against all strains. The highest level of inhibition against all strains was observed with a concentration of 4 mg/ml of copper sulfide. Out of all the tested samples, (Ag/Mn) dual-doped copper sulfide showed the highest antibacterial activity against both negative-gram and positive-gram bacteria. Hence, (Ag/Mn) dual-doped copper sulfide might be applied as an antibacterial agent with antibiotics to kill and prevent resistance bacterial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]