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Copyright of Journal of Russian Studies (JORUS) / Rusya Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Rusya Arastirmalari Dergisi (RUSAD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper is dedicated to semantic and functional study of the technical terms widely employed by Abū Ţālib Yahyā b. al-Husayn al-Hārūnī al-Daylamī al-Nāţiq bi-l-haqq (340/951--424/1033), the Zaydī imām of Daylam, a prominent representative of the Qāsimiyya school of law of the Caspian Zaydiyya, in his famous Zaydī theological summa (talhīs) "al-Tahrīr fī l-kašf 'an nusūs al-a'imma al-nahārīr" to verbalize the concept of the imāmate which plays essential role in a conceptual system of the Zaydī school of law. The terminology of the Zaydī imāmate extracted from "al-Tahrīr" was defined in the framework of semantic fields outlined to specify the qualification of the Zaydī imām, his role and powers as a political and military commander of the umma. It was shown that the Zaydī imāmate terminology is the integral part of Classical Arabic lexicon. The functional peculiarities of the technical terms as attested in "al-Tahrīr" were delineated to lexically reflect the imāmate concept specific for the Zaydī school of jurisprudence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper offers detailed consideration of actional and verbal aspects of the triad of the ritualized actions «road», «crossing» and (reaching of) «lands beyond the river», which forms the basis of the East Slavic burial rite. Due to the linguistic specifics of the study the authors put their preferential attention to the language of the burial ritual, which is folklore texts (keening, spells, ritual precepts), their vestiges, separately existing as idiomatic phrases and separate words with peculiar semantics. Being the verbal counterpart of the ritualized action, textual information not only shows the interconnection between three stages of the burial ritual, but also encourages thinking about possible existence of mythological texts in the past, where the path of the dead is described - starting from gathering to the road, ritual precepts, and entering the Paradise extents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first part of the paper examines the compound words (CWs) in the Greek text of the Book of Exodus. As a whole they are not typical for the text of this biblical book. Some of the CWs have a high frequency of use and are attested in the classical Greek. Others are typical only for the biblical and related literature, and they are rare words with terminological meaning, probably originating directly in the process of translating the Pentateuch and related to its specific content. The second part examines the relationship between the Greek CWs in the Book of Exodus and their Old Bulgarian correspondences. The Greek CWs can be rendered with CWs, a combination of words, simple words (most often), as well as remain untranslated. In addition, a comparison is made with the translation decisions in other Old Bulgarian writings as well as in the Church Slavonic text of the Book of Exodus. Some of the Slavonic equivalents have been established in the Cyrillo-Methodian translations. In most cases, however, when translating the Greek CWs the Old Bulgarian writer chooses words that are not typical for the first Slavonic translations. It seems that he avoided the use of CWs and sought a simpler style. Comparisons with other texts in which the Greek CWs we are interested in have been translated with CWs lead to such a conclusion. It can be said that the Old Bulgarian translator shows an admirable skill in transmitting the Greek CWs. In general, he seeks to use the resources of the language rather than creating new words. The latter is especially clear when the CWs in the Septuagint are neologisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being a case study of lexical and figurative units in Slavic, Germanic, and Romance languages, as well as Irish, the paper deals with the means of naming fear, revealing its connection to other concepts. The paper covers models of naming this emotion represented in the underlying metaphors, synchronous polysemy and phraseology. As the analysis shows, different languages have different primary associations with fear, e.g. darkness, uncertainty, insecurity, loneliness, high altitude, etc. To investigate underlying images and metaphors found in the naïve worldview, the authors use the corpus-based approach, as well as (for the Russian data) the technique of modified semantic differential. The technique, based on an experiment involving Russianspeaking respondents, allowed for distinguishing and detailing criteria of perceiving names and predicates denoting fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some morphological means for expressing intensification in Russian and Bulgarian with a special focus on the specific meanings that the po-, pod- and pri- prefixes add to both perfective and imperfective base verbs. We observe that in some contexts the examined prefixes have a purely pragmatic function. In particular, when added to an imperfective base, the prefix acts as a delimitative marker and affects the 'action duration' parameter of the base. When the base is perfective, the prefix acts as an intensifier. On the other hand, the semantics of the prefixed verbs is strongly dependent on the context, which reflects the fact that the meaning of the prefix not only can be supported by adverbials of low degree, but also can easily be neutralized if combined with adverbs of high intensity. The conclusions presented here are based on the study of a Russian- Bulgarian parallel corpus, as well as samples from the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Theology / Kilis 7 Aralik Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Kilis 7 Aralik Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years linguistic studies have laid great emphasis on the semantic side of linguistic expressions. The aim of this paper is to introduce and describe 'systema digestorium' viewed from the perspective of the conceptual metaphor in Russian. It describes the process of creating such metaphors based on the notions of source and target domains. From a linguistic point of view, an interest arises to answer the question of how the functioning of such an important organ as the digestive system is reflected in the conceptualization of the surrounding world. This issue is important because the metaphorization is based on the use of everyday human experience, reflecting processes known to all human kind, including those of a physiological nature. The research material was taken from the national corpus of the Russian language and a number of dictionaries. The figurative meaning of activities related to grinding, swallowing, digesting food, as well as excreting food debris became the object of the research. The basic identifiers are the verbs: to chew, to swallow, to digest, to defecate. Each stage of the digestive system has its own specificity and concentrates on specific parts in viewing the world. In addition, the metaphor 'systema digestorium' is often used in Russian linguaculture to convey the expressiveness and originality of a language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Juznoslovenski Filolog is the property of Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Institute for the Serbian Language and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with the semantic evolution of the adverb absoljutno 'absolutely' in the Russian language from the 18th to the 21st century. Coexisting and interchanging meanings of this word are defined using the Russian National Corpus, and the chronology of its various semantic shifts is specified. The author analyzes how, under the influence of the philosophical discourse of the 19th century, the modern meaning of the term absoljutno has been formed as a marker of the highest degree of attribute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper studies the semantics and distribution of Slovak verbs with the meaning of aquamotion in contrast with other contemporary Slavic languages. As pointed out in previous studies in lexical typology, the lexicalization pattern of the semantic field of aquamotion differs in many languages of the world and there are subtle but significant differences even between closely-related languages such as Slavic. As far as the Slovak language is concerned, there still does not exist a detailed study of aquamotion verbs and their lexicalization patterns. This paper applies the theoretical framework of lexical typology and analyses the lexicalization patterns of the following three semantic zones: the semantic zone of swimming and flowing (plávať, plaviťsa), the semantic zone of liquid motion (tiecť, prúdiť, liaťsa), and the semantic zone of diving and immersing (ponáraťsa, potápaťsa, topiťsa). This paper aims to reveal which semantic parameters are relevant for the lexicalization of the semantic field in question, and to demonstrate the distribution of the Slovak verbs describing aquamotion. In addition to that, our analysis deals with some contrastive aspects to point out similarities and differences between Slovak and other Slavic languages such as Russian, Polish, Serbian and Vojvodina Ruthenian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of College of Languages is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foreign Language Teaching is the property of Az Buki National Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Dialogue: East-West is the property of International Center for Slavic Education- Sveti Nikole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper is focused on semantic peculiarities, derivational restrictions and specific combinatory properties of the lexical units in gradual paradigms of глубокий ['deep'] - неглубокий ['not deep'] - мелкий ['shallow'], широкий ['wide'] - неширокий ['not wide'] - узкий ['narrow'] type in Russian. Among factors which determine the speakers' pragmatic attitudes to the non-identity of gradual paradigm member properties, the hyperonymic status of adjectives - general designations of some parameter (глубокий, широкий), type and significance of semantic modifications (negation, insufficient degree, etc.) are thought to be the leading ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Elementary concept are gradually entering the active lexicon of preschool children. Their appearance is motivated by the expansion of the child’s cognitive horizon in the process of learning about the material world and human relationships. It is important to note that for children of this age are available for learning primarily subject concepts, for which the essential feature is most often the purpose of the subject. Didactic games are of paramount importance for mastering elementary concepts or, in other words, for understanding the generalizing meaning of words in preschool age. They find wide application, both in the pedagogical situation in Bulgarian language and literature, and in the additional forms of pedagogical interaction. In the present study we focus on the application of didactic games as game techniques. It is the game techniques that are most widely used in situation to enrich children’s lexicon. They, in turn, are realized in three main directions: Enriching the lexicon with words meaning names of objects; Enriching the lexicon with words meaning qualities, properties, peculiarities and relations of the objects of reality; Enriching the lexicon with generalizing words meaning elementary concepts. Game techniques have a leading rile in pedagogical situation to enrich children’s lexicon. However, in addition to them, they are widely used in situation in other educational areas. For their full implementation it is important for the teacher to motivate the children to take an active part by choosing them at random (throwing dice, counting, etc.) and inserting a competitive element between the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Philology: Science & Education is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Languages is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Humanitarica Universitatis Saulensis is the property of Acta Humanitarica Universitatis Saulensis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of this paper is the semi-compound noun in Serbian language for its high productivity and structure and semantic heterogeneity. The criteria for identification of semi-compound words, in general, and the typology of the semi-compound noun are given in the first part of the paper. The focus in the second part is on their orthographic models on the examples from &3x03A0;paeonuc cpncko&3x03E8;a jeзuka (1993). The orthographic incongruity is a very important teaching problem, so in the third part some recommendations for consistent usage of orthographic rules are given in the frame of determined lexical and semantic category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a contrastive linguo-cognitive study of the phraseological semantic field, here viewed as a means of manifesting the corresponding fragment of the phraseological picture of the world built in consciousness and defined as a semantic unity of phraseological units which are connected with some phenomenon of the real or imagined world and reveal the phraseological concept of this phenomenon. The paper focuses upon three main aspects of a contrastive linguo-cognitive study of the same phraseological semantic fields in different languages, highlighting their cognitive value: 1) a semantic inventory of the phraseological semantic field; 2) a phraseological representation of individual phraseological semantic groups as components of the phraseological semantic field and manifestants of separate features of the phraseological concept; and 3) a configuration of the component structure of the phraseological semantic field. The paper presents a method of contrastive linguo-cognitive study which is carried out in the three mentioned directions and allows explication on the basis of language data, as well as comparison and characterization of the contents of the different languages' concepts and accents available in these contents. The method emphasizes the need to process language data and the importance of employing statistical procedures, both to estimate the relevance of possible interlanguage differences and to assess the possibility of their interpretation in terms of cognitive and cultural specificity. Use of the method is demonstrated through the example of a contrastive linguo-cognitive study of the Russian and English phraseological semantic field of arguing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Russian Linguistics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Russian Linguistics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with influence of morpheme SE on realization of communicative verbs. This morpheme can cause two type of changes - grammatical and semantic. These changes influence the morphological and semantic characteristics of complements. There are also verbs which can not appear without morpheme SE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers some issues of the rhythmical semantic analysis of the text of the letter written by Tatyana Larina, presented in the third chapter ofA. S. Pushkin's novel Eugene Onegin. Previous work in this area has been devoted to studying the structural and compositional peculiarities of the text, as well as to rhythmical and expressive aspects of the reader's perception of Tatyana's letter. The present study continues the selected method of analysis in a way related to the specific nature of this letter: the fragment of the novel is viewed as a separate text "inserted" into the whole, which can and should be read separately from the general course of the poetic narrative. The chosen approach allows us to examine the process of perception of Tatyana's letter by the addressee, Onegin, and, at the same time, makes it possible to clarify Pushkin's reasons for hiding the text of the letter from readers for so long, as though looking for the best time and place to present it. The study shows that the method of reading Tatyana's letter as "separate" reveals that at the centre of the emotionally expressive perception of this text is the word "hope." This fact helps to yield new evidence pointing to the reasons for Onegin's ruthless and seemingly inadequate response to Larina's letter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper questions the relevance of traditional linguistic approach to the study of English definite and indefinite articles. To that end, a traditional definition of English articles is taken and an attempt is made to apply the said definition to a number of English utterances. The experiment fails and shows that the definition does not comply with the semantic relations in English speech. A further attempt is made to analyze syntactic relations in a number of English utterances with particular attention to the role of articles in the syntax of speech. The analysis reveals the grammatical function of English articles, related to the formation of the syntactic structure of English speech. The ultimate purport of the paper, however, is to emphasize the necessity of a new approach to the study of English articles, which requires not only the traditional analysis of semantic types of nouns and noun phrases, but rather attention to all main aspects of English speech, such as semantic structure and types of relevant speech units, syntactic positions of nouns and noun phrases, and last but not least -- semantics of predicates in corresponding utterances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper concerns the polysemy of one of locative cases in the Komi language -- approximative, to be exact, the most specific and "problematic" uses of this case. In the theoretical plan this research adheres to principles of cognitive linguistics. In particular, as a basic point serves the method of description of meanings of language units by means of semantic networks with prototypical uses in their center. The lack of contact with landmark, characteristic for the most prototypical uses, is absent at some peripheral uses of the approximative in Komi. One peripheral uses have dialect distribution and the limited compatibility, others also at the limited compatibility meet in the conditions of certain contexts and functionally approach with illative and/or terminative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistica Uralica is the property of Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper an analysis has been presented of polysemic condensing devices of sentential content, in whose deep structure different types of dependent clauses can be derived in parallel. The aim has been to establish what syntactic and semantic conditions contribute to the polysemy of surface non-sentential structures. The analysis of the material collected has demonstrated that the polysemy of sentential condensing devices is conditioned, on one hand, by the lexical semantics of the verb occupying the position of the predicate of the head clause and the lexical semantics of the linguistic unit occupying the position of the surface condensing device, and, on the other hand, by the verb forms in which the head predicate and the predicate of the derived clause occur. The material analysed has led to the conclusion that there is interference of different meanings in texts of different functional styles (registers). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper an analysis is offered of the semantic structure of some antonymous and synonymous adjectival pairs in Serbian. Focusing on the pairs 'velik - mali' (i.e. large - small) and 'krupan - sitan' (i.e. big - little), surveyed are their overlapping semantic realizations and the degree of closeness of their meanings. At the syntagmatic level, the collocational range of these adjectival pairs is identified, with special reference to teaching/learning Serbian as a foreign language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Russian Linguistics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the ontology of the possible worlds in possible world semantics. Possible worlds are considered from instrumentalist point of view (according to which we have no need in regulating of the relation of possible world to actual world in possible truths and necessary truths as well). Basing on such an approach, the author suggests an assumption, according to which there is any randomness towards ontology and description fulfillment of possible worlds is permissible, until this randomness doesn't affect the truth/falsity of propositions in possible world. In case if such an ontological parameter, that we include to certain possible world after proposition truth/falsity setting for this world, somehow changes the true/false meaning of the proposition, this parameter is unacceptable, since possible world becomes instrumentally useless for the certain investigation, for which this world is been modeled. To substantiate the theorem that expresses the author's position, the article includes the two proofs of the theorem: the first proof is related to possible truths, the second - to necessary truths. The proof includes physically possible worlds and metaphysically possible worlds (that are called also "impossible possible worlds" by Hintikka). In addition to the proofs of theorem, the author also suggests the example of practical use of theorem in possible worldmodeling and proposition analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the description of the ways of ethical assessment in the nominations of Russian and English people based on the lexicographical sources and literary works by N. V. Gogol and Ch. Dickens. The ideographical, semantic, metaphorical and word-formation criteria of ethical evaluation in the nominations of Russian and English people are singled out and thoroughly analysed. The nominations taken from literary works support the main idea about the same tendencies while describing national-cultural peculiarities of an inner world of a person in dictionaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Russian Linguistics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)