Researchers from the National Institute of Technology Srinagar have published a report on the use of persistent luminescent (PerLum) nanostructures in cancer theranostics, biomedical imaging, and security applications. These nanostructures possess unique properties such as extended afterglow and rechargeable luminescence, making them ideal for bio-imaging and therapeutics. They have also been used in anti-counterfeiting, latent fingerprinting, and other fields. The review article discusses the mechanisms, fabrication techniques, and properties of these nanostructures, with a focus on recent advances in cancer theranostics. The research also explores the use of persistent luminescent nanoparticles for anti-counterfeiting and latent fingerprinting. [Extracted from the article]