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Wood is biomass made from lignocellulose, the main raw material for pulp production, both species of hardwood and softwood. Utilization of as much wood as possible, including less-known wood species, is widely open because the availability of good quality wood for industry raw materials is increasingly limited. In general, all wood species can be used for paper pulp. But the selection of types of lignocellulosic material with specific properties, such as physical, anatomical and chemical, play an important role in efficiently using wood as raw materials for pulp and paper. This research was carried out to examine wood properties (specific gravity, fiber quality and cellulose content) of four less-known hardwoods from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia and assessed their potential use for paper pulp. Those hardwood species comprised of cempedak (Artocarpus integer Merr.), jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Hav.), saling-saling (Artocarpus teysmanii Miq.) and simpur (Dillenia serrata Thunb.). The specific gravity determined by the weight of oven dried wood and volume of air dried wood where the wood volume be measured by water immersion method, the fiber dimensions measured through maceration preparations which was made using the Franklin procedure, while TAPPI method used for chemical analysis. In condition to paper pulp raw material, the specific gravity (0.40 – 0.69) is categorized as moderate, the fiber quality is classified as good (class II), and cellulose content (40.12% - 52.47%) is categorized as moderate to high for all those less-known hardwoods. All four less-known hardwoods studied potentially use for paper pulp raw materials. But simpur has the most potential due to long fiber and higher specific gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze Indonesia's strategy in facing the Voluntary Partnership Agreement on Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT-VPA) cooperation agreement between the European Union and Indonesia to improve the export performance of Indonesian wood products to the European Union market. With research, an analysis of the opportunities and challenges that Indonesia intends to face in maintaining the stability of the export activities of Indonesian wood products and improving the quality of these wood products so that they can be accepted based on the standards of the destination country. FLEGT-VPA is a bilateral agreement between the European Union and timber exporting nations to improve forest sector governance and ensure that timber and wood products supplied into the EU are produced in line with partner country laws and regulations. The issue that a developing country like Indonesia wants to experience in an effort to improve the quality of wood products according to the standards of the destination country is a large number of illegal logging, illegal timber sales and others. This study focuses on the pulp and paper industry and uses qualitative analysis research methods and analyzes the data collection techniques from various sources. The increase in the export performance of Indonesian pulp, paper and, paperboard to the European Union from 2016 after the ratification of the FLEGT-VPA shows that the quality of Indonesian products is promising to spread in the European Union market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of the industrial sector has increased either energy demand or generate a tremendous effect on waste piles. To combat the issue of poor sanitation due to waste accumulation and multiply the energy sources, the government promotes energy diversification, particularly dealing with waste management. This study aims to recycle plastic waste, paper waste and sawdust into solid fuel briquettes while observing their physical and combustion properties. Briquette production is carried out by combining waste of plastics and sawdust with binding agents, such as paper pulp and cassava starch. These materials were mixed with water, being compacted and conventionally dried under the sunlight. Solid briquette was then tested for calorific value, moisture content and volatile matter to ensure the effectiveness of combustion. The results show that the modified composition of plastic and paper with the ratio of 3:1 is physically sturdy with minor cracks, has a greater calorific value of 6801.62 Cal/gr, low moisture content (4.73%) and volatile matter (5.50%). The modified composition of paper: plastic: sawdust with the ratio of 1:1:1 exhibits more sturdy stuff, with a calorific value of 4565.47 Cal/ gr, low moisture content (1.85%) but high volatile matter (34.07%). Waste conversion to solid fuel briquette can be utilized as future green energy alternative in any major cities of Indonesia. A modified mixture of plastic : paper waste is more prone to transmit the heat despite having less capability to ignite, while the mixture of sawdust : paper is more prone to ignite despite having less capability to store and dismiss the heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moodle-based Learning Management Systems have been widely used in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in Indonesia. In this regard, this study aims to identify and describe the implementation of the Whole Language Approach in improving the ability to write simple scientific papers for students at PGRI Yogyakarta University through the Moodle-based Learning Management System. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of descriptions of the results of research implementation supported by observations, interviews, theoretical studies, and relevant research. The results of this study indicate an increase in the ability to write student scientific papers in the experimental class after using the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS in learning to write. Several aspects that were assessed were structure, systematics, language use, content coherence, and references used. This increase is indicated by the test numbers before and after the use of the Whole Language Approach through the Moodle-based LMS with mean values of 6.5 to 8.8 in the experimental class, and 6.7 to 7.1 in.the control class. This shows that the use of the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS is proven to improve students' ability to write simple scientific papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper making industry is looking for new main raw material based on its physical, chemical and morphological characteristics. Currently in this industry, bagasse is the most useful raw material in pulp and paper industry. The objective of this study is to determine its suitability for pulping. Acacia auriculiformis is a fast-growing tree normally found in Indonesia and Australia. Acacia auriculiformis leaf contains of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. The range of lignin content in Acacia auriculiformis is 19%-20%. The hemi-cellulose and lignin contents was removed by soda-pulping process using different concentrations as followed; 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. In order to determine the optimum pulping conditions for Acacia auriculiformis craft paper, several tests were conducted such as apparent density, tear test, tensile strength test and moisture absorption. It was found that the Acacia auriculiformis fibre treated with 3% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions gave good tear test of the paper. For apparent density test, the best concentration of NaOH used for treating Acacia auriculiformis pulping is at 15%. From the study, the optimum concentration of NaOH in treating Acacia auriculiformis fibre is at 5% for best result in tensile strength. Hence, from the overall tests, 5% concentration of NaOH is the optimum value. From the findings, Acacia auriculiformis fibre has a potential to be used in paper making and food packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in water quality can be shown in physical, chemical and biological indicators. The presence of phytoplankton can be used as a bioindicator to evaluate changes in water quality and fertility in a water. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and biological index of phytoplankton in the Ir.H. Djuanda Reservoir. The method used is a survey. Types of phytoplankton obtained in the results of the study consisted of 6 classes and 36 species. The average abundance of phytoplankton in the waters of the Ir. H. Djuanda ranged from 23809 – 98810 cells/l. The results of the analysis of diversity (H') = 1.78 – 2.53, uniformity index (E) = 0.62 – 0.8 and dominance index (C) = 0.12 – 0.28. These results indicate that the diversity of phytoplankton in the Ir. H. Djuanda has moderate diversity, high uniformity and no dominance. Based on the value of the diversity index, it shows that the reservoir is classified as lightly polluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borassus flabellifer L. becomes one of the palm-based commodities in Indonesia that can grow well in dry areas, especially around the north coast of Java Island. An abundant waste of this plant, in the form of leaf midrib and fruit fiber, has a potential as a source of lignocellulose for the paper industry. In the present study, Kraft paper production was conducted to know the influence of the proportion of leaf midrib and fruit fiber of Borassus flabellifer L., and the concentration of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) adhesives on the sensory and physical quality of Kraft paper. The research method was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The Friedman test was used to determine the sensory quality of Kraft paper. The ANOVA analysis was used to examine the physical quality of Kraft paper. The results showed that the treatment of raw material proportion and PVAc adhesive concentration had significant effect on color, surface texture, yield, and tensile resistance, but insignificant between treatment of Gramatur and tear resistance. The best treatment of sensory tests was Kraft paper with proportion of 50% leaf midrib pulp, 50% fruit fiber pulp, and 7.5% PVAc adhesive concentration. It has a yield value of 72.11%, Gramatur of 162.80 (g/m²), tensile strength of 1.70 (%), and tear resistance of 197.6 (gf). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper waste production in DKI Jakarta according to data from The Jakarta's Environmental Services reaches an average of 40% of total waste production per month for each municipality (kotamadya). On the other hand, Indonesia's necessity of construction development, notably residential home, is increasing constantly along with the amount of Indonesia's population. This condition stimulates innovation of eco-friendly, inexpensive building material with suitable strength. Since 1990's, papercrete, concrete with waste paper as substitution of fine and/ or coarse aggregate, has been studied. Its use for structural materials has evolved and required supporting research for application on larger structural components. In this research, homogeneity aspect of papercrete from domestic waste (office) is investigated along a certain height of vertical beam. To do so, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) propagation measurement on 5 vertical prismatic beam specimens was conducted. By using direct mode transmission, two transducerswere used through 15 cm of width. Rate of propagation can detect the density of concrete at each level since early age of concrete (2 hour after casting). It describes the distribution of material inside. This homogeneity study is beneficial in evaluating papercrete application in real beam structure in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and increasing every year, including in Indonesia. Promethium-149 (149Pm) is one of beta-emitting (Eβ-max of 1.07 MeV and T1/2 of 2.21 days) radiolanthanides that can be used for therapeutic application. Radioisotope of 149Pm can be produced with high specific activity that was suitable for labeling of biomolecule as a targeted radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy. Radiochemical separation of 149Pm from irradiated of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) target with 98.4% neodymium-148 (148Nd) isotope enrichment has been carried out based on extraction chromatography method using LN (Eichrom) resin column. The target material was irradiated at Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor. Radiochemical purity the final product of 149PmCl3 radioisotope was determined using paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis methods. Radionuclide purity of 149PmCl3 solution was determined using a gamma-ray spectrometer equipped with HP-Ge detector and a multichannel analyzer (MCA). The results show that the optimum condition on separation of 149Pm from irradiated of Nd2O3 target with 98.4% 148Nd isotope enrichment was obtained using 1.5N HNO3 solution at temperature of 80 °C as mobile phase. The yield of 149Pm obtained from the separation was 97.8 ± 2.1%. The final product of 149PmCl3 radioisotope has physico-chemical characteristic that meet the requirements for nuclear medicine applications with radiochemical purity and radionuclide purity of 99.7 ± 0.2% and 99.9 ± 0.1%, respectively. The solution of 149PmCl3 was clear, with the pH of 1 and stable for 1.5 weeks at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has targeted to reach 23% of renewable energy share by 2025. In order to meet the target, many researchers have focused on the explorations of renewable energy resources. One of the potential solutions to meet the target is the agricultural wastes, include corn cobs and areca nut fiber. In this study, the calorific value of corn cobs and areca nut fiber are tested. The corn cobs and areca nut fiber are collected from the farmers in Sumatera Utara province of Indonesia. In addition, the Paper waste is also tested. A bomb calorimeter of IKA C6000 is used to measure the energy content of the biomass. The results show that the calorific value of Corn cobs and Areca nut fiber is 5573 Cal/g and 4946 Cal/g, respectively.By using the average yearly production of Corn and Areca nut, these calorific values similar to 4,539 TOE and 4,653 TOE, respectively. If the potency can be used to replace the coal as an alternative fuel, this potency will reduce the Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The potency of mitigation GHG by replacing Corncob and Areca nut fiber are 18,306 and 18,491 ton of CO2e. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of new cells beyond the normal limits. The process by which cancers invade and spread to the other organs is called metastasis, this condition became the leading cause of death. One of detection methods that are currently used to detect tumors and metastatic tissues is conducted with radiopharmaceutical of [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose ([18F] FDG). This method is quite accurate, but is relatively expensive because it needs PET / CT camera that is still limited in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop other imaging methods using SPECT-CT camera that is cheaper and easy to reach especially for developing countries. Labelling 2-deoxy-D-glucose with technetium-99m (99mTc) indirectly using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a co-ligand / bifunctional agent has been carried out. The determination of the optimum conditions for the labelling of 99mTc-DTPA-DG were done by varying the amount of reducing agent (SnCl2.2H2O), ligand (2-deoxy-D-glucose), pH, and incubation time. Radiochemical purity of 99mTc-DTPA-DG was determined by ascending paper chromatography and electrophoresis paper. The results showed that the labelling optimum conditions of 99mTc-DTPA-DG was achieved by the number of ligand 2-deoxy-D-glucose as much as 2 mg, co-ligand DTPA 750 µg, 50 µg SnCl2.2H2O, the reaction takes place at pH 6 with an incubation time of 30 min at room temperature. 99mTc-DTPA-DG has a radiochemical purity of 93.16±1.31% and the electrophoresis results showed that there is a difference between the peaks of 99mTc-DTPA-DG with other impurities including 99mTc-DTPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are three types of Level Crossing, including gated gateless and unregistered. Currently, in Indonesia there are many Level Crossings found. Government of Indonesia trying to reduce the number of Level Crossing by closing unnecessary one. However, since currently there is no technical guideline regarding the analysis of closure adjacent Level Crossing, this paper proposes the justification method to quantitatively calculate the impact (benefit and disbenefit) of the closure of the adjacent Level Crossing so that it can be used to evaluate the existence of Level Crossing. The proposed method is by adopting the existed "before and after" analysis in road analysis resumed from several references including textbook, manual, guidelines, and papers. The variable that needs to be considered including vehicle operating ratio, time value and accident cost known as generalized cost. The result is that the impact of closure of unnecessary Level Crossing can be quantified by subtraction the generalized cost of existed condition to planned condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a pandemic outbreak such as COVID-19, that spreads widely around the world requires in depth research to predict the pattern of its spread and strategies to reduce the number of spreads. Predictive control is a mathematical approach to control systems where a model is used to make predictions about the future behavior of a system, and these predictions are then used to determine the control actions that should be taken. Based on these predictions, control measures such as lockdowns and social distancing could be optimized to reduce the spread of the virus and minimize its impact. A dynamic model is needed for quick and precise handling decisions. Mathematical models Epidemiology can be used in various fields, the implementation of which is COVID-19. The presentation of a dynamical system can use the basic compartment model, in which critical 퐶 and death 풟 states are considered, addressing more possibilities of mutual transitions between compartment states. 풮ℰℐℛ풞풟 estimates and forecasts the COVID-19 spread under uncertainties and constraints. This paper focuses on This paper focuses on fit and predict the 풮ℰℐℛ풞풟 model with time dependent basic reproduction numbers and health resource-dependent death rates to real COVID-19 data in Indonesia. Data have been collected for a specific period of time, the best-fitting parameters have been obtained, and the changes in the basic reproduction number over time have been estimated. The presented model has included the transition probability of the infected state to the critical state and the transition probability of the critical state to the death state, based on different age groups, so that the number of hospital beds has also been cooperative in computing the compartment states. Using the best-fitting parameters of the 풮ℰℐℛ풞풟 model, the development of the compartment states in the near future was estimated. The simulation result shows that the obtained parameters of the 풮ℰℐℛ풞풟 model were reasonably satisfying where the simulated states from the model could fit the real data with a small degree of error so that it can be used to predict the path of further deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the evaluation of Fly Over "X" foundations will be discussed based on analytical and dynamic loading test whether the foundation meets safety criteria or not, and the strengthening of foundation are proposed in this paper. During the construction of Fly Over "X" substructure, it was found that the result of loading test of bore pile foundation in Pier 5 and Pier 18 did not meet the minimum requirements and specification. The loading test was carried out using Pile Driving Analyzer or PDA resulting in the ultimate bearing capacity of Pier 5 and Pier 18 foundation each are 397 Ton and 515 Ton, while the bearing capacity criteria need to meet is 675 Ton. In this paper, analytical and loading test evaluation of Fly Over "X" foundation is presented to determine whether the foundations are able to withstand external loads according to Indonesian Standard. Standard penetration test result also used to determine the allowable bearing capacity and total settlement of foundations. Based on the evaluation result, the foundation at Pier 5 and Pier 18 needs to be strengthened by adding each 12 piles and 16 piles surrounding the existing pile configuration so that the substructure can meet the safety criteria. The placement and construction method of new piles must consider the land availability, traffic management, and bridge clearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water requirement for watering the garden is an essential factor, therefore maintaining the continued supply is necessary. Pumping water for gardens using Solar panels has been introduced in many applications. However, there is a drawback of using solar panels alone which the optimum time for radiation for Indonesia is around 5 to 6 hours only. Moreover, cloudy conditions could reduce the number of radiation hitting the solar panel. In this paper, the use of Savonius Turbine to pump water mechanically is employed to maximize the supply of water to the garden. The water supply is fed from the Savonius Turbine while when the wind speed is low enough (less than 3 m/s), water supply will be fed from the water reservoir by opening the tap from 50% when the wind speed between 3 to 6 m/s, or 100% when wind speed less than 3 m/s. The tap will be closed when wind speed achieves 6 m/s. This paper aims to investigate the performance of the coordination between the manual pump that is mechanically operated by Savonius Turbine and the level of the opened tap of the water reservoir. The solar panel is operated based on the level of the water reservoir. If the level of water in the reservoir is below 10cm, the DC water pump will operate to fill the reservoir and stop when it's full. The coordination and data acquisition are done and collected by a microcontroller. From the performance test, it could be concluded that the whole system could work properly based on the implemented design and manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the increase of online learning platforms, obtaining learning behavior data from students, are becoming easy. However, analyzing the data to extract meaningful information remains challenging due to the data volume and complexity. Here, we apply Self-organizing Maps (SOM) to visualize the learning characteristics of many elementary students over many online assignments in mathematics class. As a case study, this research used the data log of MONSAKUN, a digital learning environment that focuses on exercising arithmetic using story-based questions by using a problem-posing approach with the integration of mathematical sentences. Our primary objective is to give intuitive understanding to the teachers regarding the students' performance that subsequently allows the teachers to generate meaningful advices. Here, SOM generates a two-dimensional map that preserved the topological order of high-dimensional learning characteristics data, in which students with similar learning characteristics are located close to each other, while students with significantly different characteristics are distanced from each other. We are interested especially in locating low-performing students, as they are the most important to be given advice by the teachers. By locating the low-performing students and other students in their vicinity on the map, the teacher may be able to use other students as references for improving the low-performing students' performances. The idea is to mimic the learning characteristics of the students designated as references. Due to the learning characteristics similarity, the low-performing students do not need to make drastic changes in their learning styles. It can be expected that by iterating this process over many assignments, the students' performances will gradually be improved. In this paper, we utilized a digital learning platform MONSAKUN, for learning arithmetic used in Japan. In this paper, we present our preliminary results in the form a learning-visualization of characteristics students of analytical and advisory tools and described our future goals for building a more flexible and general tool that can be deployed in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance based design is believed to be the next important alternative design method for designing high rise building in Indonesia. This method can also be used to evaluate existing building in order to check the building's performance level. This paper will discuss HALIM High Speed Railway Station project, which is a train station consist of 3 stories with a 226,8 meters long railway on the third floor. Jakarta Building Authority/TABG (Tim Ahli Bangunan Gedung) considers HALIM Station also as a bridge infrastructure rather than just an ordinary building; and not to mention that HALIM Station is the first high-speed railway station in Indonesia. Therefore, in order to make sure the structural safety, TABG requested to do a Performance Based Design analysis to check the response modification factor (R) and its performance level. While there are several ways to perform performance based design, this paper will use non-linear static pushover analysis only. Pushover analysis will be applied on the model based on seismic parameters referred to Indonesian code SNI 1726:2012 and also SNI 1726:2019 even though HALIM Station have been designed before the SNI 1726:2019 is enforced thoroughly. The result shows that all the code methods used on pushover analysis give the same Immediate Occupancy (IO) performance level category. Furthermore, the response modification factor (R) obtained by pushover analysis is greater than the originally defined. Thus, the structural design using the original response modification factor of 8 is on the safe side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main problems faced in the property management industry especially in Indonesia is limited knowledge or even ignorance of the important role of information technology and information systems in supporting and developing their business. Whereas in a world that is currently heading towards the digital industry and the trend of industry 4.0 which is on the rise, IT and IS components are needed. This paper will explain the important role of IT and IS to help understand their use, and how they can help businesses to grow in the property management industry which is increasingly competitive. The research method used in compiling this paper is in the form of observation of problems in the field. The result of this research is an Information Technology Support Model in the use of information technology to support the property management business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of private space actors marks the Space 4.0. era. The participation of private actors contributes to the economy, GDP, and technology advancements. Realizing this, States try to accommodate and nurture their space industry, including Indonesia. To do so, learning from State practices is important. New Zealand and Singapore are the perfect examples of new space-driven countries that managed to foster their national space industry rapidly. This paper compares and analyses how the three countries work to enhance their new space from the law and policy perspective and what lessons Indonesia can learn from the other two countries. It is concluded that the three countries have a fairly strong policy or regulatory base to develop space industry. However, Singapore and New Zealand are providing first-hand support like grants to keep space companies thriving. Direct involvement with business-related ministries such as economics or industry is also imperative to ensure the longevity of space projects or funding programs. Their space policies reflect these measures. To foster its national space industry, this paper recommends Indonesia to push its space policy to be more proactive, focused, and coordinated with the relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy demand in Indonesia increases continuously, but its availability is thinning out. Therefore, an alternative energy where the source is bountiful but has not been used properly is needed, such as used paper. This used paper is usually produced by office activities, educational institutions, even home activities. The used paper contains very high cellulose since the lignin contained in the raw material has been removed during the pulping process. Cellulose is a polymeric compound consisting of glucose monomers. The hydrolysis of cellulose is able to produce glucose which subsequently can be fermented into bio-ethanol. A study on hydrolysis of used paper to produce glucose as the raw material of bio-ethanol is urgent to conduct. The present work studied the hydrolysis of used paper using acid catalyst (sulfuric acid, chloride acid), which was heated in a microwave equipped with a cooling set up to avoid the evaporation of hydrolysate. The level of glucose in the hydrolysate was affected linearly by the acid concentration, hydrolysis time, and microwave power. Using chloride acid 2N for 7 hours, the hydrolysis produced glucose with a level of 76.542%, and 59.532% for sulfuric acid 3N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security, safety, and sustainability are concepts that have long been discussed in space governance issues to prevent any damage. However, the challenges of an increasingly congested and complicated space environment make the functional loss and even the space assets themselves bigger and need to be mitigated. The resilience approach was then developed by several countries in response to these challenges. Indonesia also faces the same challenge even though its space assets are still relatively few. Nevertheless, the application of the concept of resilience in its space activities has not yet been elaborated on in its own space policy as well as in the discourse of resilience policy in general. Therefore, this paper discusses the development of the concept of space resilience in the literature and reflects it into policies and practices in Indonesia. The study method used is desk research. In the end, this paper finds that the reinvigoration of Wawasan Nusatara concept as Indonesian geopolitics could be the focal point for introducing space resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) with other major research and development government institutes into the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) causes some impacts, one of them affecting the management of space operations, especially in remote sensing governance and operation. As of 2022, the operation of remote sensing services for regular data is actively managed by the Information and Data Center (PUSDATIN) and supported by the Research Center for Remote Sensing and Deputy of Infrastructure BRIN. This study aims to examine the impact of an intervention on governance change in remote sensing operations on service level performance and customer satisfaction by employing quantitative and qualitative methods. The data was gathered from primary and secondary sources. The result of this study shows the integration of LAPAN into BRIN causes decreased performance on remote sensing operational services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multispectral optical remote sensing images are often contaminated by haze and cirrus, especially for tropical regions such as Indonesia. This will affect the image quality and reduce the accuracy of the interpretation of the existing data. A number of methods for performing haze detection and haze removal have been developed by experts. However, haze detection and removal still remain one of the most important challenges for the correction of multispectral optical data. Haze detection and removal are also needed, especially in producing cloud-free mosaic images. A method to perform haze removal on SPOT 6/7 images using the haze index algorithm is presented in this paper. The haze removal method is developed based on the reflectance values of the blue and the red bands of SPOT 6/7 imagery. A new algorithm with new coefficient is proposed to remove the haze on SPOT 6/7 imagery. Haze removal is done by using haze index algorithm and haze threshold limit value. The experimental result demonstrate that the new coefficient used in the haze index algorithm give better result in performing haze removal on SPOT 6/7 imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian construction industry has a very low rate of women involvement. Previous studies have investigated the barriers and challenges of women participation in this industry including gender discrimination, harassments, inflexible working hours and limited opportunities for women. Despite a range of efforts and initiatives to increase the involvement of women, this industry remains a male dominated sector in Indonesia. This paper aims to quantitatively identify the key barriers to female students' career choice in the Indonesian construction industry. It employs a comprehensive literature review, followed by a questionnaire survey distribution. A total of 89 valid responses was obtained and analysed using RII and Factor Analysis. The analysis found that lack of confidence is the top barrier followed by safety issues and inequality in the recruitment process. In addition, this study has also established five clusters of barriers to female students' career choice, namely: male dominance, working environment, stereotyping, nature of the jobs, and gender discrimination. This paper provides a crucial study on career choice by minorities in the construction industry and thus, is an important step to recognize diversity and equality efforts in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global view requires sustainable development. The principle that must be applied in the national development activities of each nation. This has implications for management that must pay attention to social, environment and economic sustainability. The use of sustainable technology is one means that must be chosen. The main goal can be realized. The problem that became the study in this paper is how do you use sustainable technology? For key words used are general forms, data forms as secondary data, regulatory approach, prescriptive nature of research and deductive data analysis techniques. The results of the study show that in the perspective of positive law, the enthusiasm to use technology is available in the PPLH Law, but unfortunately the Mining Law does not explicitly require "sustainable mining technology". Therefore, in the future there needs to be a policy reform on the use of technology to support sustainability in the Mining Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal Injection Molding (MIM) is a unique manufacturing technique to fabricate mass production of metal parts with complex designs and hard-to-machined material with a wide variety of materials. MIM technology was applied to fabricate an extensive scope of products from a relatively simple utilization such as consumer products, automotive, to advanced utilization or product such as medical, electronics, military, and aerospace applications. The type of growth product in a certain region depends on the type of main industry. MIM technology is also well known as green manufacturing technology since it is relatively less energy, emission, and waste in the manufacturing process than forging and machining. This technology constantly grows to answer more advanced requirements of the product. In this paper, the development of MIM technology is not only reviewed globally but also regionally, particularly in Indonesia. MIM technology has a great prospect for growth in Indonesia because of the availability of raw material resources and the growth of manufacturing industry capability. Further research and innovation are needed to optimize the potential use of local resources and to boost the competence of the manufacturing industry. This paper should complement the published review of the development of MIM technology, mainly the development and prospect of MIM technology in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging of Electric Vehicles (EV) industry amidst Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) automotive industry has arisen a critical challenge on human resources development. The major shift of automotive component is happening and need a new labor skill for emerging EV automotive industry as well as transitioning ICE automotive industry. Hence, it is essential to delve the impact of labor amidst on going ICE to EV transition on automotive industry in Indonesia. The qualitative method through desk review approach was adopted for the paper work. There are two study objectives for this paper: (1) Current condition of Indonesia EV ecosystem and (2) Pathway of human resources development reflecting the current condition on Indonesia EV ecosystem. It is found that Indonesia EV ecosystem is on the right track based on its policy & regulation and industrial perspective. However, in terms of market response and human resource readiness, the evaluation is still needed. Lack of knowledge and information about EV technology hinder the progress. Therefore, the pathway of human resources development on Indonesia EV ecosystem is proposed on this paper. The pathway provides the mitigation map on upskilling and reskilling for labour in automotive industry in four work levels: engineer, manual technician, non-manual technician, and operator. The strong collaboration between stakeholders is needed to hasten the progress. Also, it is suggested that the blueprint and national roadmap for EV industry Indonesia are need to be formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bonn Call for Action in 2012 is a joint statement of IAEA and WHO, which intended to foster global coordinated work to address issues arising in radiation protection in medical practices. The statement has been delivering a great impact on the organ dose assessment in practice in Indonesia. One of the statements has encouraged the establishment of organ dose assessment in nuclear medicine therapy that needs to be more developed. In Indonesia, the organ dose statement has been intensively promoted since 2013, when the organ dose assessment for the diagnostic procedure has been initiated, and continued with the radionuclide therapy procedures in 2014 and so on. This paper aimed for reviewing the works that have been done in organ dose assessment for nuclear medicine practices in Indonesia as the impact of the Bonn Call for Actions 2012, and the following stages which need to be performed. To evaluate the works, several published papers related to organ dose assessment have been reviewed and the analysis has been carried out. The result shows that for research purposes, organ dose assessment has been implemented. However, organ dose assessment is a part of optimization for the radiation protection of patients. It would be better if the research on organ dose for the patient in nuclear medicine will be more enhanced in clinical practice, especially when the new radiopharmaceutical will be administered to the patients either in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of March 2022, NuScale has published the 5th revision of all safety analysis reports that have been evaluated by the USNRC in the final safety evaluation report, which states that the NuScale design has met all safety requirements. With this development, NuScale will likely to be the first small modular reactor to receive a design certificate from the USNRC. Meanwhile, a study has explored the prospect of developing NuScale technology in Indonesia, which applies the regulatory system based on large-power light water reactors as also a common practice in many countries. Thus, the problem raised by this paper was how NuScale implemented graded approach to meet all the regulatory requirements? This question is very important considering the possibility of NuScle technology deployement in Indonesia and the fact that international standards for applying a graded approach to a nuclear power plant are not yet available. Hence, This paper aims to examine the application of the graded approach to NuScale technology. The method applied in this study was descriptive, analytical, and qualitative, utilized secondary data from credible international references, and carried out in four steps. The study started with the identification of relevant references and then selected one of them as the main reference while the other can be used for comparison. The level of coverage completeness and detail of instruction were used as the selection criteria of the identified documents The selected main reference was then studied to identify graded approach fields of application. Finally, the study also assesses how NuScale has implemented graded approach in those fields. This study concluded that NEI 18-04 document, as the selected main reference, is a comprehensive and detailed guide, and thus can be used as a reference to implement the graded approach in the three application fields, i.e.: selection of licensing basis events; classification of structures, systems and components; and evaluation of the adequacy of defense-in-depth. Furthermore, NuScale in their licensing document has demonstrated graded approach in the three fields of application with a method that is comparable to those described in the NEI 18-04. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching is an axiomatic activity for a lecturer. The teaching strategies are prepared before the teaching start. It might be a semester before, or even a year before the teaching activity. This will be challenging for EFL lecturer who teach in a vocational higher education that prepares the students with full skills to work in the field (having a real-world skill). Today, a challenge disrupting well-planned teaching strategies is the sudden Corona Virus or Covid-19 pandemic. This virus forces the world activities online to keep distance and stop the spread of the virus, including Indonesia. Luckily, the application of strategies is quite flexible, the lecturer could change it and adjust to the current changing situation [1]. Also, the lecturer usually has a backup plan or plan B to prepare for the unexpected challenges that emerge suddenly in the process of teaching and learning. Thus, this paper attempted to find interesting strategies that lecturers choose to achieve the goals of the vocational higher education, in some classes with field-skill practice goals in a vocational higher education. Specifically, this paper attempted in the English Department, Politeknik Negeri Padang, during the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal and child health are part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Globally, the world is pushing to reduce maternal mortality to below 70 per 100,000 live births and to reduce infant and under-five years old children mortality rate to 12 per 1000 live births by 2030. However, maternal and child mortality rates in Indonesia remain quite high. Indonesia National Survey data show maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still quite high at 305 per 100,000 population and the child mortality rate is 24 per 1,000 live births. In order to reduce maternal and child mortality rate, Indonesian government implements various policy interventions including by pushing local governments to create policy innovation in maternal and child health. SANPIISAN (Love and Care for Mothers and Children) is an initiative from Health Office of Kota Semarang to create an integrated system to carry out preventive measures to reduce maternal and child mortality rate in Kota Semarang. Given the success of SANPIISAN, this paper examines the mechanisms that sustain the innovation. In order to answer the question, the paper utilizes diffusion of innovation theory to analyse the diffusion and momentum processes of ideas within a specific social system. Methodology of the research is qualitative research and data are derived from interviews with main policy actors in SANPIISAN program (N=10). We argue that the success of SANPIISAN is supported by strong network among innovation adopters. The research contributes to the growing discussion in local policy innovation to support the achievement of SDGs. We conclude that SANPIISAN has proven to be one of the strategic and effective efforts that has significant leverage for the prevention of maternal and child mortality rates in Kota Semarang. Moreover, the program has been acknowledged as one of good practices in local government initiatives to reduce maternal and child mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the advancement of technology, Indonesia's focus has shifted to the enhancement and simplification of everyday transactions. This is highly common in the widespread use of e-wallets as a payment method for digital transactions involving multiple verification methods, including PIN, Password, Face Recognition and others. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 385 respondents from generation Z in Indonesia who utilized face recognition as a security verification method for digital transactions. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the security and efficacy of facial recognition in digital wallet payment verification applications as experienced by users. With the use of the TAM model's analysis, it is proved that all the variables used are significantly related, allowing one to conclude that the safety and efficacy that are possessed are adequate. This paper also supports the growth of trust factors and reasonings for the usage of face recognition in digital transaction self-verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Indonesia's National Guidelines on Green Buildings (Kemen PUPR No,21,2021) called Penilaian Kinerja Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH), green buildings are mandatory for new and existing buildings. As environmental concerns grow, the Government uses these ratings to control energy consumption. A government initiative aims to increase demand for environmentally friendly buildings. This paper evaluates BGH's green building rating system for project certification in two Indonesian cities, Jakarta and Padang Paser Utara. Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the largest and one of the most populous urban city in Indonesia. Moreover, the new Indonesia capital city, Nusantara, will be built in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. Using the results of this research, recommendations and suggestions can be given related to the design of green buildings both in Jakarta and Penajam Paser Utara. Evaluations will be conducted on simple residential buildings. The results of these studies indicate that designers and architects may have difficulty incorporating this rating systems into their designs. An evaluation of BGH ratings and sustainability analysis can be performed with building information modeling and a conceptual framework is presented toward the end of this paper. A rating system's success depends heavily on discussion among all stakeholders, including architects, engineers, environmentalists, governments, and communities. Indonesian experts in the building sector should take part in and contribute to this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steel industries account for 6% of the world's CO2 emissions. The number of emissions will continue to increase as the steel industry in Indonesia grows. Generally, steel production uses blast furnaces which can produce large CO2 emissions. The blast furnace process emissions called blast furnace gas (BFG) contain 20.7% mol of CO2. The high CO2 content also causes the calorific value of the gas to be low, so the gas must be purified to increase its calorific value to be used for power generation. In addition, the steel industry also produces steel slag as waste with a high CaO content (45.2%) but with low economic value. To increase its economic value, CaO content can be used to absorb CO2 from BFG to produce Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC). The use of PCC is very broad for various industrial needs, such as a filler in the paper industry which can increase paper brightness. Therefore, the "Precipitated Calcium Carbonate from Blast Furnace Gas and Steel Slag" plant is expected to be a solution to reduce CO2 emissions from the steel industry. BFG and steel slag as raw materials were obtained from PT. Krakatau Posco. The PCC production process consists of three main stages, namely: (1) Pre-Treatment Steel Slag; (2) Carbonation; and (3) Purification. In the pre-treatment stage, the pH-swing method was used to extract CaO with NH4Cl solvent using pH control. The use of NH4Cl solution is advantageous because it can be recycled. This process obtained a solution of CaCl2 and NH4OH, which was then reacted with CO2 from BFG in a bubble column reactor, resulting in a carbonation process. In the reactor, PCC (CaCO3) and several impurities are formed. The PCC solids formed will then be filtered, dried, and reduced in size so that the moisture content and size are under PCC specifications for the paper industry. Besides producing PCC, purified BFG will be recycled and used as fuel for power generation. The plant location is integrated with PT. Krakatau Posco in the industrial area, Cilegon, Banten, West Java, with a production capacity of 12,750 tons/year. From the results of the economic analysis, with the capital expenditure (capex) of about IDR 337 million and operational expenditure (OPEX) of about IDR 89 million: the payback period is about 6.35 years, and the break-even point (BEP) is 32.38%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on the problem of microplastics found in water, where plastic packaging is now widely used in food and beverage packaging and raises social concerns about its health effects. The microplastics, small plastic particles with a size of 5 mm or less, found in the body can be toxic, cause hormonal imbalances, heart disease, infertility, and obesity. Research on methods for analyzing microplastics in water is still limited in Indonesia, this study identify and analyze the microplastic content in the drinking water and its saurce in Indonesia using raman spectroscopy method. The analysis of microplastics content was performed on various drinking water samples and their sources. The test included 7 water samples from different brands, water sources and different water bottle industries in Indonesia. Content analysis was performed in three stages, starting with the preparatory stage, the filtration process. The filtration process is performed using filter paper that matches the size of the sample to be inspected. In addition, various particles trapped in the filter paper were analyzed under a microscope to separate the microplastic particles. At last, a raman spectroscopy test was performed to determine the type of microplastics present in the contents of the water sample. Through the analysis and study of the content of various water samples carried out, the analyzed water content found various types of microplastics in the form of fragments, fibers, filaments, and films, most of which were PET (Polyethylene terephthalate). There are also found to be polypropylene and PVC (Polyvinyl chloride). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for renewable energy is highly increasing worldwide to fulfil energy demand as well as reduce the impact of global warming. Indonesia as the most extensive archipelago face real challenge to power its remote areas with green electricity. This paper assesses economically the idea of hybrid power plant of solar and/or biomass to electrify Indonesian remote areas with green electricity. Furthermore, the carbon credit as an additional income of this project is estimated using CDM methodology. The project is proposed in Sakti, Batukandik, and Batumadeg villages in Nusa Penida Island, Bali; the ER are 7460.57, 2587.10, and 9044.84 tCO2e/year, accordingly. The IRR is analyzed under two scenarios: the initial electricity cost of USD 0.15/kWh and the reduced cost of USD 0.10/kWh including carbon credits and biochar sales. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to observe the effect of most tentative variables towards the IRR. Furthermore, determining the feasibility of this project by analyzing the ERR is assessed to be important, whether it is profitable for the community or not. For the ERR analysis, there are two results calculations. The ERR value with the application of carbon credits shows 32.66%. In comparison, the ERR value without the application of carbon credits shows 28.19%. These values are obtained from several parameter calculations in the ERR analysis in this study. It consists of a consumer surplus, which is computed from the benefits obtained by PLN. Then, the producer surplus and job increases are computed from the benefits obtained by the community if this project is executed. This paper result has essential role in contribution to social, economic, and environmental goal for sustainable development and supporting national economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 disease has spread worldwide, disrupting the economy, society, education, and health. It became crucial to understand the transmission curve and identify the best action in combating this highly transmissible epidemic. Epidemiological parameters of the deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model are widely used in explaining the characteristics and behavior of the disease spreading. Disease like COVID-19 is highly influenced by the uncontrolled factors of randomness, hence in this paper, the deterministic susceptible-infected-recovered-death (SIRD) model is extended to the stochastic SIRD (SSIRD) model. SSIRD model takes into consideration the noisy behavior of the process which explains the uncontrolled effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. The epidemiological parameter of the model changes throughout the epidemic due to external factors such as enforcement and public obedience to the control measures as well as the changes in healthcare facilities. These parameters need to be estimated. This paper estimates the epidemiological parameters of the SSIRD model using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method of the Metropolis Hasting algorithm. The COVID-19 data from Malaysia and Indonesia are used and the dynamical behavior of the COVID-19 outbreak in both countries is simulated. The results show the parameter changing due to the uncontrolled factors influencing the trend of the pandemic curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement (PPKM) during the Covid-19 pandemic reduced activities in the transportation sector. This paper presents the measurement of Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentrations during the PPKM in Makassar City, Indonesia. The samples were collected weekly from August to September 2021 from two traffic-heavy roads using Tedlar bags and a vacuum pump and then analyzed using the Non-Dispersive Infrared method (NDIR). Results showed that the average concentrations of CO on the first street in the morning, midday, and afternoon were 826.63±83.34 µg/m3, 685.65±57.43 µg/m3, 861.6±59.79 µg/m3, respectively; and on the second street were 875.46±77.80 µg/m3, 741.80±62.95 µg/m3, 833.04±44.80 µg/m3, respectively. These CO concentrations measured during the PPKM are lower than those measured before the PPKM on the same sites, reported in another paper. The concentrations are also much lower than those of the Air Quality Standard in Makassar, 30,000 µg/m3. This finding implies that similar policies to reduce traffic and pollution, such as car-free-day, should be enacted to improve air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban planners often have a good vision for the urban environment, but that vision is usually limited to visual aesthetics. The sound-based qualitative perspective of the urban environment, which includes sonic and ecological diversity in urban design, is generally ignored. The soundscape approach can be the most effective system for application in urban planning. This paper aims to apply the soundscape approach to urban planning and explore the impact of sound on the formation of urban open spaces through a case study of the Surakarta City parks Indonesia. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used. The quantitative method was used to measure background noise using a sound level meter and visualize with a surfer mapping software. The qualitative method was used to observe behavior, the physical environment and perception through interviews. In this context, the paper concludes that the concept of the soundscape is a well-established theme in acoustic environments to identify acoustic data that is compared with the human perception of the environment. Human perceptions of the natural environment and elements of natural sounds, as physical factors, can shape human settlements into a better living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in technology are a double-edged sword in terms of nuclear safety and security. In recent years, the increased use of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has created both opportunities and new threats to nuclear security. UAV intervention has a wide range of applications that could be a threat to nuclear facility, including aerial shooting, the possibility of stealth smuggling of prohibited substances and objects both to and from nuclear facility protected areas, or sabotage with potential damage to critical infrastructure elements, blackouts, and looting. As a result, nuclear facilities that lack effective means of detecting and combating UAV may be vulnerable to the spread of dangerous materials and terrorist sabotage attacks. Considering the various UAV threats, nuclear facilities must take practical measures to protect themselves at the facility level based on the established UAV threat criteria such as early detection and identification, appropriate response and disablement measures. The action taken to ensure that a nuclear facility is prepared to withstand UAV threat include ensuring that regulations exist as a legal basis and that a nuclear facility has a Physical Protection System (PPS) capable of carrying out detect, delay, and response functions. Many international governments have issued warnings to small UAV (drones) owners, urging them to obtain official licenses before flying their photography drones. The use of UAVs in Indonesia is governed by Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 27 of 2021, PM 37 of 2020, PM 63 of 2021, and PM 34 of 2021. The purpose of this paper is to examine the readiness of PPS in Serpong Nuclear Facility, and the result of this paper will be used as a recommendation for developing the PPS and/or the nuclear security regulation in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of green building is believed to be a key factor in achieving sustainable development in the building sector. The Green Building Council Indonesia is responsible for the development and deployment of green buildings in Indonesia, and has released version 1.2 of the Greenship rating tools for evaluating new green buildings. The use of renewable energy sources in green buildings is highly encouraged, with one point awarded for every 0.5% of energy usage covered by renewable energy, up to a maximum of five points. The installation of rooftop PV systems is a popular choice for renewable energy in many governmental green-rated buildings, but it is important to determine the ideal capacity to prevent overpriced installation costs. This paper proposes a method where the focus is on gaining maximum points in renewable energy and minimizing investment costs, rather than maximizing installed capacity. This approach can reduce capacity by up to 68%. Another important consideration is choosing the optimum grid connectivity type, and the paper discusses the options of on-grid or zero export schemes. Zero export scheme is chosen for this case since the capacity of the PV system is much smaller than the grid power connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand of tissue papers is increasing with the population increase. This will definitely increase the need of wood fibers as the main raw material. However, due to the wood shortages, there have been many attempts to use non- wood fibers as substitutes for papermaking. In Indonesia, corn production has gradually increased for the last 5 years, hence it also has an impact on the raising in the amount of corn husk waste. Corn husk has a high cellulose content which suitable to be used as a raw material for tissue papermaking. In this experiment, soda pulping process was conducted to remove out lignin. The resulting tissue paper will be added with additives that have antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mangosteen peel for the purpose of increasing the tensile strength or absorption of water. The aim of this research is to study the effect of depending variables (temperature and NaOH concentration) on chemical composition (cellulose and lignin content), and physical properties including water absorption and tensile strength.The research was started with the initial process of removing the lignin content in the pulp by pretreating delignification using the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) process with several variations in concentration (4–10%), and temperature (60–90°C) for 1.5 hours. To obtain tissue with a good physical condition, it has been influenced by the optimum chemical composition containing high cellulose and low lignin content, high tensile strength and water absorption. The optimum conditions for tissue paper in this study were at 90°C and 4% of NaOH concentration. The next step will be to vary the composition of the additive in order to obtain the effect of physical properties (tensile strength and water absorption). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak from Wuhan, China has spread very quickly in the world and caused many deaths. In Indonesia, the first case of COVID-19 was reported by the government in March 2020 then it became a pandemic disease. Estimating case increase rate (CIR) and case fatality rates (CFR) are important parameters for studying the basics of pandemic disease. In this paper, we analyse the case increase and case fatality rates of COVID-19 in Indonesia based on longitudinal data and average temperature by using biresponse local linear estimator. The characteristics of case increase and case fatality rates of COVID-19 in each province are different, so locally modeling is more appropriate. The result shows, on average, the highest rate of case increase was in July 2020 and the highest rate of case fatality in August 2020. This happened because of government policies that loosen social distancing programs and increased human mobility due to the holiday in the previous month. Based on average temperature, in November 2020, there were the lowest decreassing CIR and the highest increassing CFR because in November, it entered the rainy season which makes the average temperature lower. It means that the number of COVID-19 cases will be higher if the average temperature is lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study in this paper analyzes the model of the spread of COVID-19 in Papua Province. The population is divided into five subpopulations, namely Suspected (S), Infected (I), Independent Isolation (Q1), Isolation provided by the Regional Government of Papua Province (Q2), and Recovered (R). Parameter values were obtained from COVID-19 data for June-August 2021 in Papua Province. The method for estimating the parameters in the model study uses the least square fitting technique and some of the parameters are taken from other journals, with data sources in Indonesia. Model analysis determines non-endemic stability points, and endemic models determine reproduction numbers. The model analyzed local and global asymptotic stability. The model solution is solved by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important macroeconomic indicators in Indonesia is inflation. Inflation is one of the factors affecting an economic growth, which is one of the SDG goals of 2030. The economy of a country can be disrupted if there is a rapidly fluctuation of inflation rate, so the movement of inflation rate becomes a matter that needs attention. One of the factors that affect inflation rate is a money supply, inflation occurs when the money supply grows faster the economy's ability to produce goods and services under normal circumstances. The change of the money supply affects the determination of inflation rate in a developing country, like Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to do modeling, where the results of the analysis can be taken into consideration by the government in determining appropriate policies and controlling inflation rate in Indonesia. In this paper, we use parametric and nonparametric approaches to predict inflation rate in Indonesia. Modeling using a parametric approach, the ARIMAX method is not suitable because it does not meet the assumptions. So that, the nonparametric approach using local polynomial estimator can be an alternative in overcoming this problem. Based on the result of analysis, ARIMAX model obtained a MAPE value as 20.220%, it means that the model reasonable for prediction and it is not suitable. Nonparametric regression using polynomial local includes local linier and local quadratic models with MAPE values obtained of 4.303% and 5.127%, it means that both models highly accurate for prediction. In conclusion, the best model for predicting inflation rate in Indonesia, with a money supply as a predictor, is local linear model because it has a smallest MAPE value. This model can be used by the government to determine policies about inflation rate and to control the amount of money supply in Indonesia so that high or very low inflation rate does not occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake is a phenomenon of vibration on the earth's surface due to the release of energy caused by shifting plates in the earth's crust or due to tectonic symptoms or volcanic activity that causes seismic waves. The seismic waves may cause building structures to experience collapsing or destruction because they capacity is lower than the seismic loads that occur at the moment. ideally, the physical infrastructure facilities of a region/city such as buildings, bridges, roads, and so on should be designed to endure seismic loads so that they can still carry out their service functions even though experiencing a decrease of their strength. The resilience of a city, as the ability of it to face the stresses of a disaster, survive and then return to its normal conditions, must be measured as a basis or tool for government to take a decision while the city is under seismic disaster. This paper focuses on classification of housing buildings in Surakarta City as a representation of cities in Indonesia for region resilience purposes. The classification process begins with building a database model for storing, manipulating and analyzing the housing data in MariaDB database management system platform installed at web server. The And roid application is developed for user interaction with system as a tool for data collection and connected with PHP scripting language as middleware to communicate with the web server. The application uses OpenStreetMap as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) API library to load map into application. The result is an And roid application called UrbanRes V.1 for housing data collection. The UrbanRes V.1 is designated for crowdsourcing data collection in the future. It is found that the majority buildings at Surakarta City are low-rise building which vary from one story to two story buildings and have 96.51% in proportion. The most used structures of building at Surakarta City are reinforced concrete with average around 75% for both column and beam. The data are then to be analyzed in term of the potential damage and loss estimation when a seismic disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The university started the application of BIM learning in universities in developed countries ten years ago. However, the implementation has not been evenly distributed in several developing countries, including Indonesia. Researchers have carried out curriculum design research, and BIM implementation project studies can reference higher education in developing countries to adopt BIM learning. The author collects the names of courses that support BIM learning as a form of BIM curriculum development strategy in universities. This paper discusses 3 BIM curriculum development strategies that have been carried out by international universities so that they can be adopted in universities in developing countries. The strategies are 1) limited development of BIM courses, 2) adaptation of BIM to existing courses, and 3) a comprehensive BIM curriculum. Universities can apply this strategy in developing countries where universities still feel foreign to BIM. BIM curriculum development in higher education institutions needs to be prepared so that graduates can contribute to future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological developments in the industrial revolution 4.0 affect all professional fields, including the world of education. The world of education, especially vocational education, is required to create reliable prospective workers to face challenges in the industrial revolution 4.0. The automotive industry in Indonesia is experiencing rapid development, so a skilled workforce is needed. Teachers have a crucial role in achieving these goals. This paper aims to analyze the literacy of Vocational High School teachers of Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering Expertise Competencies towards digital and information skills in the industrial revolution 4.0. The study's results showed a high category of the literacy of Automotive Engineering Vocational High School teachers towards digital and information skills in the industrial revolution 4.0. Although overall, it is included in the high category, several indicators still show the low class and need to be improved. By knowing the literacy of Automotive Engineering Vocational High School teachers, action steps can be taken to improve teacher literacy so that the vocational education learning process in the industrial revolution 4.0 era can get maximum results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, Indonesia has been planning to build an Experimental Power Reactor (EPR) with a power of 10 MWth. The use of nuclear technology produces waste, among others in the form of liquid radioactive waste that requires processing. The existence of zeolite natural resources in Indonesia is quite abundant and the price is relatively cheap. Several studies have shown that zeolite can be used as an adsorbent for radioactive substances. This paper aims to obtain the pre-design of the liquid radioactive waste treatment unit and the treatment rate. The calculation basis used is secondary data in the form of the amount and characteristics of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) from 10 MWth EPR. Data processing includes the determination of the process, equipment specifications, layout design and economic evaluation. The results show that the initial waste is 2775 m3/year which has an activity of 9.02х104 Bq/L after being processed into 2794.27 m3/year with an activity of 4.87х103 Bq/L. This processing unit requires 3 units of cone roof tanks, 1 unit of Filter Press, 2 units of vessel adsorber, and 7 units of centrifugal pumps with an area of 900 m2. The Liquid Radioactive Waste treatment unit with zeolite meets the requirements for the level of clearance and waste quality standards but produces secondary waste in the form of cake and used zeolite with a volume of 5.45 m3/year and 21.566 m3/year, respectively. Based on the economic evaluation of the pre-design, it was found that the rate of the waste treatment was Rp.2,339.56/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of sustainable urban areas cannot be separated from the management of the Cultural Conservation objects in them. Cultural heritage is the collection of human knowledge, beliefs, skills and artifacts that are passed from one generation to another. Cultural heritage is an important part of our history and culture. It has been said that cultural heritage is a 'living entity' because it changes over time as new information and knowledge are added to it. Cultural heritage can be seen in many different forms such as buildings, artworks or objects made from materials such as wood or stone. These things have been around for hundreds of years and have now become part of our history and culture which we should try to preserve for future generation. There needs to be an effort to maintain the existence of the Cultural heritage and its value by protecting, developing and utilizing it. Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Conservation, Cultural Conservation Buildings are material cultural heritages that require conservation efforts. Preservation of Cultural Conservation Buildings is carried out to maintain its existence through protection, utilization and development efforts. In each aspect of conservation, spatial data is needed to support decision making. The development of survey and mapping technology to support the need for spatial data is not only used for basic map needs, but can also be applied to other thematic needs, one of which is in the preservation of Cultural Heritage. It aims to be document for the preservation of cultural heritage, determining the area of cultural heritage, zoning and development of a cultural heritage master plan. Other things, the existence of a Cultural Conservation information map provides other benefits as a consideration in preparing spatial plans both Regency/City, Provincial and National. This paper will discuss the mapping of cultural heritage in Indonesia based on their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]