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With the emergence of disposable electronics, compatible safe, flexible, and recyclable power sources have become a critical challenge. Here, an ultra‐thin paper‐based iontronic power source is enabled by highly efficient translational Li+ transport within 2D nanofluidic channels of graphene oxide under a salinity gradient and the fine‐tuned interfacial redox reactions. The paper‐based source can generate volumetric power and energy densities of 438.02 mW cm−3 and 30.02 mWh cm−3, respectively. Its areal power density is 1095.05 mW cm−2, surpassing most flexible batteries. It maintains a working state when bent or even cut and can be simply recycled by incineration. By filling 2D nanofluidic inks in different pens, the power source can be drawn on paper when needed, which not only overcomes the inherent defect of self‐discharge for most batteries but also enables writing directly on any insulating substrates. Furthermore, all‐in‐one disposable electronics comprised of an energy management system (paper‐based triboelectric nanogenerator and iontronic power source) and wireless sensing system (temperature sensor with NFC circuits) are integrated onto one piece of paper by duplex printing, demonstrating the huge potential of such integratable iontronic power sources for soft, wireless, and conformable disposable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium is perceived as an ideal anode for next generation batteries with high‐energy density. However, the critical issue of the intractable growth of Li dendrites, which leads to a poor cycling life, still remains. Herein, a hierarchical surface is designed and constructed on carbon fiber (CF) using binders in fabricated CF paper (CFP). The lightweight CF with high mechanical properties is facilitated to establish a 3D network structure as an alternative to Cu foil. The binders are transformed into oxygen‐containing amorphous carbon and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) using a low‐temperature carbonization process, leading to uniform Li nucleation and a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer with inorganic components. In the electrochemical test, the CFP with amorphous carbon and Na2CO3 (ANCFP) shows a low Li nucleation overpotential and smooth dendrite‐free Li plating. Furthermore, the ANCFP electrode exhibits good cycling stability in half and symmetrical cells. A full‐cell assembled using a LiFePO4 cathode with high loading (≈13 mg cm−2) achieves a high‐energy density of 428 Wh kg−1 (at 0.1 C) and an excellent capacity retention of 85% at 1 C after 300 cycles. This strategy is expected to help realize highly stable Li metal anodes for practical application by suppressing Li dendrite growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, compositions within the TiZrAlCrMn, TiZrAlCrFe, and TiZrAlMnFe alloy systems that form the C14 Laves phase are investigated. The design, synthesis, structural, and hydrogen storage characterizations for an equiatomic and a non‐equiatomic composition for each alloy system are presented. Additionally, the further development of a thermodynamic method for the calculation of pressure‐composition‐isotherms (PCIs) is presented of C14 Laves phase alloys that absorb hydrogen by solid solution. Overall, the results shown in this paper indicate that Al‐containing multicomponent alloys can present promising hydrogen storage performance under high pressures. Nonetheless, high concentrations of aluminum in highly concentrated (equiatomic) alloys can have a negative impact on the hydrogenation properties. The Ti0.29Zr0.05Al0.05Cr0.26Mn0.35 composition showed promising hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties. The gravimetric capacity of this alloy is ≈1.76 wt.% H2 and the PCIs measured indicate that this material has potential for high‐pressure hydrogen storage and compression applications. The use of the presented thermodynamic model for the design of multicomponent alloys is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing biodegradable electrodes is a significant step toward environmental sustainability and cost reduction in battery technology. This paper presents a new approach that utilizes metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐encapsulated silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) as the active anode material within a cellulose‐based electrode. The electrode is free‐standing, flexible, biodegradable, and significantly reduces the strain experienced by SiNPs during volume expansion, resulting in improved capacity and cycle life stability of SiNPs. The high porosity of the electrode creates efficient lithium (Li+) ion transport channels and enhances electrolyte absorption, thus promoting effective contact between the electrolyte and active material. The outcome is rapid electrode kinetics and a highly reversible discharge capacity of 1744.6 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 versus Li/Li+ over 1000 cycles. Further, full cell tests are conducted that demonstrate a stable cycle performance exceeding 3400 cycles, with an initial discharge capacity retention of 80.5% at 0.5 A g−1. By employing cellulose and avoiding toxic organic solvents and binders, the proposed approach is promising for a substantial reduction of the production costs of Li‐ion batteries. The scalability of the proposed method further enhances its practical viability, offering intriguing economic implications for the future of battery technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaline all‐iron flow batteries possess intrinsic safety and low cost, demonstrating great potential for large‐scale and long‐duration energy storage. However, their commercial application is hindered by the issue of capacity decay resulting from the decomposition of iron complexes and ligand crossovers. In this paper, an robust anolyte Fe(TEA‐2S) is reported, which is formed by chelating iron ions with the sulfonate‐enriched ligand (TEA‐2S) in alkaline environment. By skillfully designing the ligands, the binding energy of the iron complexes increases and ligand crossovers are suppressed, making the iron complexes highly stable in the charge–discharge cycles. Alkaline all‐iron flow batteries coupling with Fe(TEA‐2S) and the typical iron‐cyanide catholyte perform a minimal capacity decay rate (0.17% per day and 0.0014% per cycle), maintaining an average coulombic efficiency of close to 99.93% over 2000 cycles along with a high energy efficiency of 83.5% at a current density of 80 mA cm−2. In addition, Fe(TEA‐2S) exhibits high solubility of up to 1.85 м (with a theoretical capacity of up to 49.58 Ah L−1), even at low temperatures as extreme as −30 °C. This work demonstrates a promising pathway toward achieving long‐duration and large‐scale energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), sensors have become an integral part of intelligent systems. Although the traditional sensing technology is very mature in long‐term development, there are remaining defects and limitations that make it difficult to meet the growing demands of current applications, such as high‐sensitivity detection and self‐supplied sensing. As a new type of sensor, array triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG)‐based tactile sensors can respond to wide dynamic range of mechanical stimuli in the surrounding environment and converting them into quantifiable electrical signals, thus realizing real‐time self‐supplied tactile sensing. The array structure allows for fine delineation of the sensing area and improved spatial resolution, resulting in accurate localization and quantification of the detected tactile signals, and have been widely used in wearable devices, smart interaction, medical and health detection, and other fields. In this paper, the latest research progress of functional tactile sensors based on arrayed triboelectric nanogenerators is systematically reviewed from the aspects of working mechanism, material selection, material processing, structural design, functional integration, and application. Finally, the challenges faced by arrayed triboelectric tactile sensors are summarized with a view to providing inspiration and guidance for the future development of tactile sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis, paramount importance of electrocatalyst stability emerges as a defining factor for long‐term industrial viability. A thorough understanding and enhancement of stability not only ensure extended catalyst lifetimes but also pave the way for consistent and efficient hydrogen generation. This review focuses on the pivotal role of stability in determining the practical viability of oxygen evolution electrocatalysts (OECs) for large‐scale applications in water electrolysis for hydrogen production. The paper explores the pivotal role of stability over initial activity, citing examples and hypothetical scenarios. First, figures of merits for stability evaluation of the electrocatalyst are explained along with the available benchmarking protocols for stability evaluation. Further, the text delves into various strategies that can enhance the stability of the electrocatalyst which include self‐healing/regeneration pathway, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism optimization to achieve highly stable OER and stabilization of active metals atoms within the electrocatalyst to inhibit dissolution as a way forward for industrial application. The interplay of stability, activity, and cost is also explained to suit the industrial application of the electrocatalyst. Lastly, it outlines challenges, prospects, and future directions, presenting a guide for advancing OECs in the hydrogen generation landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing facile approaches to fit in large‐scale fabrication of efficient and durable catalytic electrodes is highly desirable for oxygen electrocatalysis and metal–air batteries. Herein, a strategy based on phase separation and laser induction is proposed to prepare 3D binder‐free integrated electrodes (IEs). The phase separation between a polybenzimidazole (PBI) solution and a coagulation bath containing metal precursors occurs to form a 3D interconnected porous catalyst precursor layer. After drying, IEs are obtained by laser induction, which simultaneously converts PBI into hierarchically porous laser‐induced graphene (HPLIG) and reduces metal precursor to tiny nanoparticles. To demonstrate the versatility of this method, IEs with different HPLIG hybrid catalyst layers and substrates are fabricated. IE‐NiFe/HPLIG and IE‐Co/HPLIG using carbon paper as a substrate exhibit superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance respectively. Flexible IE‐NiCoFe/HPLIG with OER and ORR bifunctionality using carbon cloth as the substrate is applied as an air cathode in rechargeable aqueous Zinc–air batteries (ZABs) and provides a satisfactory power density of 163 mW cm−2 and cycling stability of 1800 h at 10 mA cm−2. The electrode also endows solid ZABs with good flexibility. This work offers an industrially viable solution to the challenge of rapid fabrication of IEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an exceptional nitrate reduction to ammonia catalyst is reported, enabled by BO2− anion induction effects combining heterogeneous branching architecture‐driven mass transport enhancement strategies. The implantation of the BO2− anion can inductively enhance the electron cloud density and electron transmission paths of intrinsic catalysts, makes electron more active to improve the conductivity, regulates the adsorption and desorption rates of intermediates by space barrier effect, reduces the binding energy of the electron and 3d orbital of Ni in NiFe(BO2)O(OH), thereby lowing the transform free energy of the determining *NO3 to *HNO3 step. 3D hollow sea urchin lattice heterogeneous branching structure can self‐drive generate differentiated micro convection intervals, which will be beneficial for improving mass transfer dynamics especially localized disturbance mass transfer effect of catalyst for nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) catalysis process. Amazingly, the as‐prepared 3D NiFe metaborate oxyhydroxide hollow bionic sea urchins lattice catalyst has a high NH3 rate 6.27mmol·h−1·cm−2 with 98.7% Faradaic efficiency at low ‐0.25V(vs RHE) NO3RR potential. Moreover, the catalytic activity of this highly stable catalyst decreases only slightly over 100 h at ultra‐high 1500mA·cm−2 current. This work breaks through the bottleneck that plagues the performance improvement of non Cu‐based high‐current NO3RR catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of distributed sensors in smart transmission lines to replace traditional inspection methods is an inevitable trend. Currently, the challenge of energy supply for sensors serves as a bottleneck that hinders the intelligent development of transmission lines. This paper focuses on the application of self‐powered inspection technology based on triboelectric and electromagnetic mechanisms in transmission lines. It proposes a self‐powered temperature and vibration monitoring and warning system (STV‐MWS) for multi‐parameter monitoring of transmission line status. This work utilizes the quasi‐zero stiffness structure and center misalignment design to improve the output performance of STV‐MWS at low vibration amplitude, thereby extending its vibration amplitude response range. The STV‐MWS is capable of harvesting and monitoring vibration of 50 µm and above vibration amplitude and 2–700 Hz vibration frequencies, which fully covers the breeze vibration range of transmission lines. Through the split package design, the flexible deployment of STV‐MWS is achieved, further enhancing its engineering application value. This work can effectively ensure that the transmission line inspection can carry out accurate status monitoring and intelligent analysis in the environment characterized by steep terrain, challenging power extraction, and difficult fault judgment, thereby realizing the visualization and intelligence of the transmission line status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant and economical sodium (Na) metal batteries promise superior energy densities compared to lithium‐ion batteries; however, they face commercialization challenges owing to problematic interfacial reactions leading to dendrite formation during cycling. This paper reports the ultra‐long and rapid operation of Na metal batteries enabled by the introduction of a vinylpyrrolidone (VP)‐based multifunctional interface stabilizer in the electrolyte. The VP electrolyte additive provides benefits such as surface flattening, durable solid electrolyte interphase layer formation, preservation of fresh Na, and acceleration of horizontal crystal growth along the (110) plane. Symmetric Na–Na cells with the stabilizer exhibit notably stable operation for over 5 000 cycles at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2, surpassing previous research. Performance improvement is also demonstrated in a full‐cell configuration with an Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode. This approach offers a promising solution for achieving performance levels comparable to lithium‐ion batteries in Na metal battery technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanation is a common chemical modification strategy to fine‐tune the energy levels and molecular packing of organic semiconductors, especially materials used in organic solar cells (OSCs). Generally, cyanation is used to modify the end groups of high‐performance small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs). However, the cyanation strategy has not been investigated on the central backbone of SMAs, which could introduce stronger intermolecular interaction and enhance the π–π stacking for rapid charge transport. This paper, for the first time, reports a new cyanation strategy on the central benzo‐quinoxaline core and synthesizes two novel A‐DA'D‐A type SMAs, named BQx‐CN and BQx‐2CN, with mono‐ and di‐cyanide groups, respectively. Through tailoring the number of CN groups, the BQx‐CN‐based OSC exhibits the best device performance of 18.8%, which is significantly higher than the non‐cyano BQx‐based one. The reason for the superior performance of BQx‐CN‐based devices can be attributed to the fine‐tuned energy level, stronger packing, and ideal phase segregation, which lead to superior exciton dissociation, faster charge transport, and suppressed recombination, therefore the highest fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiencies (PCE). The research demonstrates the effectiveness of the cyanation strategy on the central core of SMAs for enhanced molecular packing and better performance of OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In response to the demand for flexible and sustainable energy storage devices that exhibit high electrochemical performance, a supercapacitor system is fabricated using mulberry tree‐derived paper as a substrate and Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and carbon black as the active material. The mulberry paper‐based supercapacitor system demonstrates high energy density of 29.8–39.8 Wh kg−1 and power density of 2.8–13.9 kW kg−1 with 90.7% retention of its initial capacity over 15 000 charge–discharge cycles. In addition, the mulberry tree fibers are known to have superior mechanical strength and toughness and the mulberry paper‐based supercapacitor; as a result, exhibit high mechanical and chemical toughness; 99% of its initial capacity is retained after 100 repeated applications of bending strains, and twisting. 94% capacity retention is observed even after exposure to HCl and H2SO4 acid solutions. The fabrication methodology of the mulberry‐based supercapacitor is highly scalable and could be stacked to increase the energy storage capacity, where operation of light‐emitting diode lights with a drive voltage of 12 V integrated in a wearable device is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the demand for flexible and sustainable energy storage devices that exhibit high electrochemical performance, a supercapacitor system is fabricated using mulberry tree-derived paper as a substrate and Poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and carbon black as the active material. The mulberry paper-based supercapacitor system demonstrates high energy density of 29.8-39.8 Wh kg-1 and power density of 2.8-13.9 kW kg-1 with 90.7% retention of its initial capacity over 15 000 charge-discharge cycles. In addition, the mulberry tree fibers are known to have superior mechanical strength and toughness and the mulberry paper-based supercapacitor; as a result, exhibit high mechanical and chemical toughness; 99% of its initial capacity is retained after 100 repeated applications of bending strains, and twisting. 94% capacity retention is observed even after exposure to HCl and H2SO4 acid solutions. The fabrication methodology of the mulberry-based supercapacitor is highly scalable and could be stacked to increase the energy storage capacity, where operation of light-emitting diode lights with a drive voltage of 12 V integrated in a wearable device is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A simple and scalable method to fabricate a yarn‐type supercapacitor with a large specific capacitance without the aid of traditional pseudocapacitive electrode materials such as conducting polymers and metal oxides is reported. The yarn‐type supercapacitors are made from twisting reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or/and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)‐coated Korean traditional paper (KTP). The yarn‐type paper supercapacitor displays surprisingly enhanced electrochemical capacitance values, showing synergistic effect between rGO and SWNTs (500 times larger than performance of yarn‐type rGO‐coated paper supercapacitors). Coating rGO or/and SWNTs on KTP gives good morphology to the composite film, in which porosity increases and mean pore diameter decreases. The yarn‐type rGO/SWNT paper supercapacitor shows good mechanical strength, high flexibility, excellent electrochemical performance, and long‐life operation. The yarn‐type supercapacitor has an excellent electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 366 F g−1 at scan rate of 25 mV s−1 and high stability without any degradation in electrical performance up to 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. The average capacitance of rGO/SWNT@KTP yarn‐type supercapacitors is seven times higher than that of sheet‐type supercapacitors at scan rate of 500 mV s−1. The lighting of a red light‐emitting diode (LED) is demonstrated by the yarn‐type paper supercapacitor without connecting supercapacitors in series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of mechanically soft solid‐state materials with fast Mg‐ion conduction is crucial for the development of solid‐state magnesium batteries. In this paper, novel magnesium gallium halide compounds are reported that achieve high ionic conductivity of 0.47 mS cm−1 at room temperature. These Mg‐ion conductors obtained by ball milling Mg and Ga salts exhibit clay‐like mechanical properties, enabling intimate contact at the electrode–electrolyte interface during battery cycling. With a combination of experimental and computational analysis, this study identifies that the soft‐clay formation is induced by partial anion exchange during milling. This partial anion exchange creates undercoordinated magnesium ions in a chlorine‐rich environment, yielding fast Mg‐ion conduction. This work demonstrates the potential of clay‐like halide electrolytes for all‐solid‐state magnesium batteries, with possible further extension to other multivalent battery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of global energy consumption and the increasing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources have urged vast research into harnessing energy from various sources. Among them, the most promising approaches are nanogenerators (NGs) and solar cells (SCs), which independently offer innovative solutions for energy harvesting. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the integration of NGs and SCs, exploring advanced hybrid structures and their diverse applications. First, an overview of the principles and working mechanisms of NGs and SCs is provided for seamless hybrid integrations. Then, various design strategies are discussed, such as piezoelectric and triboelectric NGs with different types of SCs. Finally, a wide range of applications are explored that benefit from the synergistic integration of NGs and SCs, including self‐powered electronics, wearable devices, environmental monitoring, and wireless sensor networks. The potential for these hybrid systems is highlighted to address real‐world energy needs and contribute to developing sustainable and self‐sufficient technologies. In conclusion, this review provides valuable insights into the state‐of‐the‐art developments in NGs and SCs integration, shedding light on advanced hybrid structures and their diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that the non‐aqueous electrolyte in Li‐ion battery plays a specific role as an ion‐transport medium and interfacial modifier for both cathode and anode, understanding and evaluating the evolution and degradation of electrolytes throughout the life cycle is a fundamental concern within the lithium‐ion battery (LIB) community. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the electrolyte decomposition processes, mechanisms, effects of electrolyte degradation on the battery performance, characterization techniques, and modeling analysis. First, it thoroughly discusses the processes and mechanisms involved in electrolyte degradation from two primary perspectives: 1) the formation of the electrode‐electrolyte interphase and 2) the decomposition of the bulk electrolyte. Subsequently, it systematically outlines the effects of electrolyte degradation on the battery performance. The article further introduces cutting‐edge characterization and detection techniques used to assess electrolyte degradation, with a specific emphasis on quantitative methods for analyzing residual electrolytes in practical cells. Moreover, it summarizes advanced physical models of electrolyte decomposition. Finally, the paper concludes by offering insights into future trends and potential challenges in battery degradation research, it offers valuable references and guidance for further exploration of electrolyte degradation in LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium metal batteries, as one of the promising alternatives beyond Li‐metal technology, is held back by the lack of suitable cathodes of considerable energy storage capability, and Ca anodes of long‐term stability and lower polarization potentials for Ca‐plating/stripping. Here, by recycling cellulose waste paper, feasible cathodes for Ca‐metal batteries of good high‐voltage and wide‐window‐voltage adaptability (0.005–4.9 V versus Ca/Ca2+), and impressive energy density (≈517.5 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 A g−1) are developed. Meanwhile, through tailorable Ca‐plating/stripping potentials (∆V≈ 0.65 V) realized by a modified electrolyte of Li+, Ca2+, BF4−, and PF6− multi‐ions system, the proof‐of‐concept Ca‐metal batteries not only delivered enhanced storage capability (101 mAh g−1 versus 51 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 in the window voltage of 2.0–4.7 V) and cycling stability (≈77% capacity retention for 100 cycles), but also simultaneously show a high output average working voltage of ≈3.2 V. The work provides a hint that mixed metal deposition under multi‐ions electrolyte system may address the challenging issues faced by single alkali or alkaline‐earth metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study proposes a conformal surface coating of conducting polymer for protecting 1D nanostructured electrode material, thereby enabling a free‐standing electrode without binder for sodium ion batteries. Here, polypyrrole (PPy), which is one of the representative conducting polymers, encapsulated cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanowires (NWs) grown on carbon paper (CP), finally realizes 1D core–shell CoP@PPy NWs/CP. The CoP core is connected to the PPy shell via strong chemical bonding, which can maintain a Co–PPy framework during charge/discharge. It also possesses bifunctional features that enhances the charge transfer and buffers the volume expansion. Consequently, 1D core–shell CoP@PPy NWs/CP demonstrates superb electrochemical performance, delivering a high areal capacity of 0.521 mA h cm−2 at 0.15 mA cm−2 after 100 cycles, and 0.443 mA h cm−2 at 1.5 mA cm−2 even after 1000 cycles. Even at a high current density of 3 mA cm−2, a significant areal discharge capacity reaching 0.285 mA h cm−2 is still maintained. The outstanding performance of the CoP@PPy NWs/CP free‐standing anode provides not only a novel insight into the modulated volume expansion of anode materials but also one of the most effective strategies for binder‐free and free‐standing electrodes with decent mechanical endurance for future secondary batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O vapor is gaining increased interest because it is a promising “green chemistry” route for the direct conversion of CO2 to value‐added chemicals driven by solar energy. To increase the efficiency of photocatalytic conversion, most efforts are made by exploring various photocatalysts while little effort on advanced light management. For the first time, it is demonstrated that bio‐degradable transparent paper with excellent light diffusivity can effectively enhance the light utilization of photocatalytic reactions when attached on the device surface, and thus greatly increase the conversion efficiency. As a proof‐of‐concept, a graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) photocatalyst with transparent paper attached, exhibited 1.5 times higher photocatalytic activity than bare g‐C3N4 in the reduction of CO2 under visible light irradiation. The improved catalytic performance can be ascribed to the (1) refractive index matching and (2) enhanced light absorption via prolonged light traveling path in transparent paper, which decreases the light reflection at surface and traps the absorbed light inside, leading to an increased light absorption at the active layer of the device. The transparent paper with a controllable light management behavior has an unprecedented potential for applications in photocatalysis as a general method for improved light utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐iodine battery (AZIB) has the advantage of low cost and high specific capacity but suffer from the soluble polyiodides shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics. Herein, these two limitations are addressed by employing a cathode additive (zirconium hydrogen phosphate, denoted as EI‐ZrP) which provides dual functions: an agent for polyiodide confinement, and abundant channels for zinc ion transport. An enlarged crystalline interlayer (from typical 7.5 to 18.3 Å) of the EI‐ZrP significantly enhances the ionic conductivity and simultaneously immobilizes polyiodides, leading to an accelerated conversion process. AZIB with EI‐ZrP in the iodine cathode exhibits a high capacity retention over 10,000 cycles (with a 0.02‰ decay rate per cycle). Quasi‐solid‐state Zn‐I2 pouch cell has been constructed using hydrogel‐paper as separator and EI‐ZrP additive, which delivers a high areal capacity under repeated bending. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the paper battery is integrated to power a wireless flexible pressure sensor system (WFPSS). This strategy may shed light on the rational design of conversion‐type cathode materials for both energy storage and flexible portable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon suboxides (SiOx) materials are highly desirable as anode for high energy Li‐ion batteries due to their much higher specific capacity than conventional graphite anode. However, the low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and inadequate capacity retention of SiOx anode arising from its immense volume variation during repeated lithiation/delithiation process greatly hinder its practical applications. To address these drawbacks of SiOx, by a simple calcination method, a robust and fast‐ion conducting interphase enriched of LiF, Li2C2O4, LiBO2, and Li2B4O7 is rationally pre‐constructed With the assistance of this pre‐constructed artificial protective layer, the formed solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer possesses high Young's modulus and fast Li+ conducting, and thus can accommodate the plastic deformation of SiOx anode, alleviate the parasitic reactions, and maintain the electrode integrity upon cycling. Thus, the modified SiOx (M‐SiOx) anode exhibits higher ICE, better capacity retention and superior rate capability. More encouragingly, full cells pairing the M‐SiOx anode with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode show a high capacity retention of 80.6% for 200 cycles. This paper reveals the importance of pre‐constructing an artificial SEI layer and regulating interfacial chemistry in improving the performance of SiOx‐based anodes, which is a milestone work for boosting the large scale application of SiOx‐based anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc‐based batteries offer good volumetric energy densities and are compatible with environmentally friendly aqueous electrolytes. Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) rely on a lithium‐ion‐like Zn2+‐shuttle, which enables higher roundtrip efficiencies and better cycle life than zinc‐air batteries. Manganese‐oxide cathodes in near‐neutral zinc sulfate electrolytes are the most prominent candidates for ZIBs. Zn2+‐insertion, H+‐insertion, and Mn2+‐dissolution are proposed to contribute to the charge‐storage mechanism. During discharge and charge, two distinct phases are observed. Notably, the pH‐driven precipitation of zinc‐sulfate‐hydroxide is detected during the second discharge phase. However, a complete and consistent understanding of the two‐phase mechanism of these ZIBs is still missing. This paper presents a continuum full cell model supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the implications of these observations. The complex‐formation reactions of near‐neutral aqueous electrolytes are integrated into the battery model and, in combination with the DFT calculations, draw a consistent picture of the cycling mechanism. The interplay between electrolyte pH and reaction mechanisms is investigated at the manganese‐oxide cathodes and the dominant charge‐storage mechanism is identified. The model is validated with electrochemical cycling data, cyclic voltammograms, and in situ pH measurements. This allows to analyze the influence of cell design and electrolyte composition on cycling and optimize the battery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐rich manganese‐based layered oxides (LMLOs) are considered to be one type of the most promising materials for next‐generation cathodes of lithium batteries due to their distinctive anionic redox processes contributing ultrahigh capacity and energy density. Unfortunately, their practical applications are still plagued by several challenges such as undesirable interfacial reactions and structural evolution, as well as voltage hysteresis/recession, in which irreversible anionic redox behavior bears the brunt as the primacy factor. Undoubtedly, a deep understanding of anionic redox reaction mechanisms and irreversible behavior of oxygen species is crucial in order to provide essential guidance for modification strategies for LMLOs. In this paper, the fundamental understanding of intricate anionic redox reaction mechanisms from thermodynamics models to kinetic anionic redox reaction pathways is comprehensively reviewed, and the existing challenges of LMLOs related with irreversible oxygen reaction behavior are analyzed. Furthermore, numerous representative modification strategies for overcoming these challenges, coupled with their underlying mechanisms for regulating anionic redox reversibility are summarized. In addition, the aspects of multi‐scale structural modifications, integration of interdisciplinary technologies, and application in quasi‐/all‐solid‐state battery systems are given some emphasis in terms of further improvement of LMLOs‐based cathode materials for advanced lithium batteries‐based energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells have demonstrated low non‐radiative voltage losses and open‐circuit voltages (VOCs) that often match the internal voltage in the perovskite layer, i.e. the quasi‐Femi level splitting (QFLS). However, in many cases, the VOC differs remarkably from the internal voltage, for example in devices without perfect energy alignment. In terms of recombination losses, this loss often outweighs all non‐radiative recombination losses observed in photoluminescence quantum efficiency measurements by many orders of magnitude. As such, understanding this phenomenon is of great importance for further perovskite solar cell development and tackling stability issues. The classical theory developed for Si solar cells explains the QFLS‐VOC mismatch by considering the partial resistances/conductivities for majority and minority carriers. Here, the authors demonstrate that this generic theory applies to a variety of physical mechanisms that give rise to such a mismatch. Additionally, it is found that mobile ions can contribute to a QFLS‐VOC mismatch in realistic perovskite cells, and it is demonstrated that this can explain various key observations about light soaking and aging‐induced VOC losses. The findings in this paper shine a light on well‐debated topics in the community, identify a new degradation loss, and highlight important design principles to maximize the VOC for improved perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoTs), numerous distributed wide‐area low‐power electronic devices have been utilized in various fields, such as wireless monitoring sensors and wearable electronics. Due to the dispersion and mobility of microelectronic devices, their energy supply faces serious challenges. The inconvenience and non‐environmental friendliness of using traditional centralized low entropy energy and chemical batteries to power distributed microelectronic devices are becoming increasingly prominent. Environmental energy harvesting technology with high entropy characteristics is considered an effective solution for low‐power electronic devices. This paper comprehensively reviews the recent progress in microelectronic technologies based on energy harvesting and signal sensing. First, state‐of‐the‐art micro‐power electronic devices in humans, animals, and the environment are introduced. Secondly, the available micro‐energy sources in the environmentare elaborated and summarized. Then, the principles and characteristics of ambient microenergy harvesting technologies based on different mechanisms are classified, summarized, and analyzed. In addition, this work comprehensively summarizes the applications of self‐powered micro‐electronics technology in 11 different fields, including human, animal, and environment. Finally, research challenges, technical difficulties, and research gaps in self‐powered microelectronics based on micro‐energy harvesting technology are discussed and summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and synthesis of 2D heterostructured materials for water splitting are normally based on van der Waals (vdW) nanosheets, but this approach is gradually approaching a performance ceiling in terms of activity and stability. Herein, a novel heterostructured system is explored based on 2D non‐vdW and conductive nanosheets. Notably, the interplanar growth of 2D non‐vdW Co2N nanosheets is realized between graphene layers in the current collector of carbon fiber papers (CPs), generating an interlocking structure within CPs. The exposed surface of Co2N nanosheets possesses a high surface energy that anchors highly active CoNC, forming 2D CoNC@Co2N heterostructures outside CPs. This integrated electrocatalytic system bridged by non‐vdW Co2N nanosheets presents a low overpotential of 1.52 V and an excellent stability of 280 h, which outperform most bifunctional and nonprecious‐metal‐based electrocatalysts in alkaline media, owing to the nature of 2D non‐vdW nanosheets and the formation of strong and conductive connections among CoNC, nanosheets, and CPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and scalable direct laser machining process to fabricate MXene-on-paper coplanar microsupercapacitors is reported. Commercially available printing paper is employed as a platform in order to coat either hydrofluoric acid-etched or clay-like 2D Ti3C2 MXene sheets, followed by laser machining to fabricate thick-film MXene coplanar electrodes over a large area. The size, morphology, and conductivity of the 2D MXene sheets are found to strongly affect the electrochemical performance due to the efficiency of the ion-electron kinetics within the layered MXene sheets. The areal performance metrics of Ti3C2 MXene-on-paper microsupercapacitors show very competitive power-energy densities, comparable to the reported state-of-the-art paper-based microsupercapacitors. Various device architectures are fabricated using the MXene-on-paper electrodes and successfully demonstrated as a micropower source for light emitting diodes. The MXene-on-paper electrodes show promise for flexible on-paper energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance, breathable, conductive, and flexible polypyrrole (PPy) coated paper electrodes are prepared by an interfacial polymerization method using air-laid paper as a substrate. Owing to the synergistic effect of superior electrical conductivity, high wettability, and the porous architecture, the prepared electrode not only shows an outstanding specific capacitance and rate abilities (3100 and 2579 mF cm−2 at 1 and 20 mA cm−2 for a PPy coated paper electrode), but also exhibits excellent flexibility, wearability, and breathability. Based on these superior features, an all-solid-state supercapacitor assembled with the PPy coated paper electrodes shows an outstanding energy density of 62.4 µW h cm−2, remarkable air permeability and excellent flexibility to sustain various deformations. Furthermore, large-scale fabrication of conductive flexible paper electrode can be easily achieved through this method. Therefore, this work offers a new vision for flexible energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined with other materials and device improvements, Si anodes can provide a step change in Lithium‐ion battery properties, enabling cell energy density to exceed 400 Wh kg−1. Freestanding, large‐area anodes of 100% Si produced by a slurry‐free method without carbon or binders are introduced. Their structure, a dense network of interconnected high aspect ratio Si nanowires (Si NWs), is analogous to a nanotextile and provides handling like paper. In conventional liquid electrolytes, the anode capacity is 2500 mAh g−1 at high mass loadings (e.g., 6.6 mAh cm−2), and cycling stability is 76% after 200 deep cycles, and 100% after 1800 cycles when cycled at 1000 mAh g−1. The nanowire network structure reduces junction resistance between particles and prevents any pulverization upon cycling. Combined impedance and composition‐selective electron microscopy demonstrate that capacity fading is exclusively through the progressive increase of SEI thickness and resistance. Full cell capacity with NMC811 translates into an energy density of 420 Wh kg−1 at the true cell level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy sustainability and interconnectivity are the two main pillars on which cutting‐edge architecture is based and require the realization of energy and intelligent devices that can be fully integrated into buildings, capable of meeting stringent regulatory requirements and operating in real‐world conditions. Luminescent solar concentrators, particularly those based on near‐infrared emitting reabsorption‐free quantum dots, are considered good candidates for the realization of semi‐transparent photovoltaic glazing, but despite important advances in optical property engineering strategies, studies of finished devices suitable for real‐world operation are still lacking. In this paper, the first example of a fully assembled quantum dot luminescent solar concentrator‐based photovoltaic glazing is demonstrated that meets all international standards for photovoltaic and building elements. It is also shown that these devices are capable of functioning as efficient Visible Light Communication (VLC) receivers even under full sunlight, thus combining energy and wireless connectivity functions in a realistic solution for smart, sustainable buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual promotion of new energy technologies, there is a growing demand for capacitors with high energy storage density, high operating temperature, high operating voltage, and good temperature stability. In recent years, researchers have been devoted to improving the energy storage properties of lead‐based, titanium‐based, and iron‐based multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). However, limited research has been conducted into MLCC development using NaNbO3 (NN)‐based materials. In this paper, the successful achievement of excellent overall energy storage performance in a novel NaNbO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–Bi(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3 lead‐free MLCCs is presented. The disordered tilting around the cp axis, disrupts Na and Bi ions' long‐range displacements and induces PNRs and strong relaxor behavior, which ensures a superior energy storage performance, together with the multilayer ceramic design strategy. As a result, the NN‐based MLCC device presents an ultra‐high Wrec = 12.65 J cm−3 and η = 88.5%, simultaneously showing superior temperature stability (Wrec varies <±1% and η varies <±6% from −50 to 125 °C) and fatigue resistance (Wrec and η vary <±1% over 107 cycles). This study highlights the advanced energy storage potential of NaNbO3‐based MLCCs for various applications, and ushers in a new era for designing high‐performance lead‐free capacitors that can operate in harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries are widely accepted as the promising next‐generation energy storage technology due to higher energy density and improved safety compared to conventional lithium‐ion batteries with liquid electrolytes. Large‐area solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) films with adequate thickness control, improved ionic conductivity, and good interfacial contact can reduce internal resistance, increase the real energy density of batteries, and reduce manufacturing costs. Optimization of SSE properties at the particle scale and large‐scale preparation of SSE films are key to the development of high‐performance solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries and their industrialization. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of SSE, covering both particle‐level features like the effects of particle size, density, and air stability on the electrochemical performance, as well as four major routes for large‐scale preparation and relevant strategies for structural optimization of SSE films. In addition, the effects of large‐area SSE films on the electrochemical performance of solid‐state batteries and their applications in pouch solid‐state lithium‐ion battery systems are discussed in detail. Finally, the design principles of SSE particles and SSE films are summarized and the development direction of thin SSEs is envisaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ubiquitous energy harvesting technologies require new types of renewable, sustainable, and clean energy to solve the problems of fossil fuels. Although various nanogenerators have been developed over the last decade, low current density, requirements for complicated management circuits, generation of direct current (DC) outputs, and significant performance degradation under humid atmospheres have been problems limiting practical applications. This paper reports that the tribovoltaic and moisture‐enabled electricity generation effects can be achieved in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) by applying a metal brushing mode. The ZnAl‐LDH shows enhanced tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG) performance even in a high‐humidity environment coupled with the moisture‐enabled electricity generated by the concentration gradient of a water molecule through the interlamellar structures of the LDHs. The spontaneous dissociation of water in the interior of LDHs removes the hole generated by the tribovoltaic effect, allowing high efficiency of an output voltage of 693.38 mV and current density of 65.48 mA m−2 even under low‐applied force (≈3.5 mN) at relative humidity 80%. The proposed TVNG provides a proof of concept for an all‐in‐one device consisting of a generator and capacitor because the LDH reveals a spontaneous charging performance similar to that of a capacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the impedance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) without power loss is crucial for enhancing its energy conversion efficiency and overall performance. In this paper, a novel signal management structure, based on a newly designed sliding‐mode TENG, aimed at effectively reducing impedance by converting narrow, instantaneous signals into broader ones is presented. This transformation is accomplished by adding a grounded electrode connected to a high‐inductive inductor and fine‐tuning the parasitic capacitance of the dielectric material. Utilizing a highly resistive material like P(VDF–TrFE), a significant improvement in the TENG's performance is achieved, resulting in an increase of output power to 0.352 mW and a decrease in impedance from 3.2 to 0.3 MΩ. This results in a threefold increase in charging speed, which can be attributed to the reduced charge loss and improved matching at lower impedance. Based on these promising findings, the enhanced TENG is successfully connected to power a system for electrochemical CO2 reduction for CO production. This system effectively reduces the required electrochemical reduction potential by ≈15% under real environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing advanced electrochemical energy storage and conversion (ESC) technologies based on renewable clean energy can alleviate severe global environmental pollution and energy crisis. The efficient preparation of functional electrode materials via a simple, green, and safe synthesis process is the key to the commercial feasibility of these ESC systems. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with easy‐tunable solvent properties and recyclable features have emerged as novel solvent systems for designing and synthesizing various functional powder materials for ESC devices. In this paper, the application of DESs in the synthesis of energy‐related functional powder materials is systematically reviewed. After briefly introducing the classification and synthesis of DESs, their critical roles in synthesizing powder materials are discussed. Then, the recent advances of DES‐derived powder materials in ESC, including batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and water splitting, are described in detail from the perspective of preparation‐structure‐activity. Finally, some challenges and development directions of the DESs‐mediated synthesis of powder materials with high electrochemical performance for ESC applications are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc–air batteries (ZABs) hold potential as clean, cost‐effective, and sustainable energy storage system for the next generation. However, the application of ZABs remains challenging because of their poor rechargeability and low efficiency. The design of efficient bifunctional catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) during discharging and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during charging is essential to developing rechargeable ZABs. Transition metal (TM)‐doped carbon (TM‐C) materials stand out from all the available bifunctional catalysts due to the excellent specific surface area, diverse morphological structures , and the multiple metal active sites formed after TM doping. This paper, therefore, focuses on the synthesis, electrochemical properties, and potential mechanism of TM‐C catalysts. To make a novelty and logical statement, the voltage difference (ΔE = Ei = 10 − E1/2) between the ORR/OER catalytic process is employed to categorize different TM‐C catalysts reported in recent years, which are divided into two groups: I (ΔE = 0.7 − 0.9 V) and II (ΔE = 0.5 − 0.7 V). The catalytic mechanisms of bifunctional catalysts are clarified. More ways and ideas for synthesizing high‐performance bifunctional TM‐C catalysts are also provided. Finally, the current problem and prospects of this group materials are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the electric field in a solar cell is of importance to alleviate the carrier recombination and thus to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this paper, a strategy is reported to enhance the internal electric field of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) solar cells by inserting a ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) layer into the device for the first time. The BTO location in the CIGS solar cell is found to play a vital role in the performances, which is due to the adjustment of the direction of BTO depolarization field. Impressively, the PCE is increased from 4.83% to 16.07% when the BTO depolarization field direction shifts from the opposite to the same direction to the p–n junction electric field. The improved PCE is due to the enhanced open‐circuit voltage (Voc), which suppresses carrier recombination and thus boosts the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) from 14.09 to 32.69 mA cm−2. These results unlock an effective strategy to improve the PCE of a CIGS solar cell by the application of a ferroelectric depolarization field. The facile deposition of BTO via sputtering method at room temperature enables its wide application in other solar cells to boost the PCEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable aqueous Zn/δ‐MnO2 batteries are extensively investigated owing to the low cost, safety and eco‐friendliness. However, the charge storage mechanism of δ‐MnO2 electrode is still in debate. In this paper, it is revealed that the Zn2+ intercalation in δ‐MnO2 electrode is an ion exchange process rather than the commonly‐conceived electrochemical process for the first time. Before the discharge/charge process, Zn2+ irreversibly intercalates into the structure of δ‐MnO2. The ion‐exchange mediated irreversible Zn2+ intercalation in δ‐MnO2 has no contribution to the capacity of δ‐MnO2 electrode during cycles. This study further reveals that the electrochemical H+ intercalation/extraction, the electrodissolution of δ‐MnO2 and the electrodissolution‐electrodeposition of vernadite dominate the charge storage process of δ‐MnO2 electrode. These findings shed new light on the fundamental understanding for the reaction mechanism of δ‐MnO2 electrode in aqueous batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution‐processed ternary‐compound semiconductor AgBiS2 colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising light‐absorbing materials owing to their nontoxicity and high absorption coefficient (>106 cm−1). However, rational strategies to passivate multi‐facet of ternary‐compound CQDs and manufacture stable CQD inks have not yet been proposed. In this paper, a ligand passivation strategy is proposed using a solution‐phase ligand exchange method. A quadruple‐ligand ensemble is employed to demonstrate multifaceted passivation on AgBiS2 CQDs and a highly stable CQD ink. Density functional theory studies reveal the secondary cation adsorption of silver halide passivation, indicating the synergistic passivation of the ligand ensemble. This yields a low trap density in CQD solids, improving the power conversion efficiency to 8.1% by 53% in CQD solar cells. Furthermore, the proposed device exhibits the fastest response time of 400 ns among all reported AgBiS2 devices, demonstrating its potential for efficient lead‐free optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing strain is considered an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic activity of host material in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSB). However, the introduction of strain through chemical methods often inevitably leads to changes in chemical composition and phase structure, making it difficult to truly reveal the essence and root cause of catalytic activity enhancement. In this paper, strain into MoS2 is introduced through a simple heat treatment and quenching. Experimental research and theoretical analysis show that the strain raises parts of antibonding orbitals in Mo─S bonds above the Fermi level and weakens Li─S and S─S bonds, resulting in tight anchoring and accelerating the conversion for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). The cells based on the MoS2 with high strain delivers an initial discharge specific capacity as high as 1265 mAh g−1 under 0.2 C and a low average capacity fading of 0.041% per cycle during 1500 cycles under 1 C. This research work deeply reveals the origin of strain effects in the reaction process of LSB, providing important design principles and references for the rational design of high‐performance catalytic materials in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of sodium-ion batteries for large-scale applications requires the synthesis of electrode materials with high capacity, high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), high rate performance, long cycle life, and low cost. A rational design of freestanding anode materials is reported for sodium-ion batteries, consisting of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets aligned vertically on carbon paper derived from paper towel. The hierarchical structure enables sufficient electrode/electrolyte interaction and fast electron transportation. Meanwhile, the unique architecture can minimize the excessive interface between carbon and electrolyte, enabling high ICE. The as-prepared MoS2@carbon paper composites as freestanding electrodes for sodium-ion batteries can liberate the traditional electrode manufacturing procedure, thereby reducing the cost of sodium-ion batteries. The freestanding MoS2@carbon paper electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity, high ICE, good cycling performance, and excellent rate capability. By exploiting in situ Raman spectroscopy, the reversibility of the phase transition from 2H-MoS2 to 1T-MoS2 is observed during the sodium-ion intercalation/deintercalation process. This work is expected to inspire the development of advanced electrode materials for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical challenges of Li-O2 batteries lie in sluggish oxygen redox kinetics and undesirable parasitic reactions during the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction processes, inducing large overpotential and inferior cycle stability. Herein, an elaborately designed 3D hierarchical heterostructure comprising NiCO2S4@NiO core-shell arrays on conductive carbon paper is first reported as a freestanding cathode for Li-O2 batteries. The unique hierarchical array structures can build up multidimensional channels for oxygen diffusion and electrolyte impregnation. A built-in interfacial potential between NiCO2S4 and NiO can drastically enhance interfacial charge transfer kinetics. According to density functional theory calculations, intrinsic LiO2-affinity characteristics of NiCO2S4 and NiO play an importantly synergistic role in promoting the formation of large peasecodlike Li2O2, conducive to construct a low-impedance Li2O2/cathode contact interface. As expected, Li-O2 cells based on NiCO2S4@NiO electrode exhibit an improved overpotential of 0.88 V, a high discharge capacity of 10 050 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1, an excellent rate capability of 6150 mAh g-1 at 1.0 A g-1, and a long-term cycle stability under a restricted capacity of 1000 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1. Notably, the reported strategy about heterostructure accouplement may pave a new avenue for the effective electrocatalyst design for Li-O2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a highly integrated triboelectric‐electromagnetic wave energy harvester (TEWEH) that can efficiently collect wide‐frequency wave energy and realize a self‐powered marine buoy. The innovative design of a permanent magnet‐polytetrafluoroethylene (PM‐PTFE) ball ensures high integration between the magnetic material forming the electromagnetic generator (EMG) and the dielectric material forming the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In the condition of swinging (1 Hz and ±30°), the output of the TENG component can reach 230.25 V, 1.34 µA, and the average output of the EMG is 2.30 V, 10.43 mA. Remarkably, even at an extremely low frequency (0.2 Hz), the TEWEH maintains exceptional output. The output power density of the TENG component and EMG component reach 13.77 W m−3 and 148.24 W m−3, respectively, which are much higher than in previous work. The TEWEH can quickly charge the 330 µF capacitor to a certain voltage, and then light up navigation mark lights and power thermometers. A sealed TEWEH with circuits works as a self‐powered marine buoy that can transmit actual marine ambient temperatures to land. In conclusion, the TEWEH has broad application prospects in the field of wave energy harvesting and the self‐powered marine Internet of Things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth‐abundant transition metal oxides are promising electrocatalysts for oxidation of biomass alcohols. Here, CoO and Co3O4 are selected as representative cobalt oxide catalysts and grown on carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrodes to reveal the interplay between electronic structure and catalytic activity of catalysts for oxidation of glycerol, diols, and monohydric alcohols. In situ electrochemical tests elucidate that the CoO/CFP electrode has lower interfacial impedance, higher charge transfer, faster oxidation rate, and thereby the higher catalytic activity for alcohol oxidation than the Co3O4/CFP electrode. Especially for glycerol oxidation, the CoO/CFP electrode only requires 1.32 V to reach 10 mA cm−2, the potential is 120 mV lower than that for the Co3O4/CFP electrode. The CoO/CFP electrode can also produce value‐added products such as formate, acetate, and glycolate with high selectivity and efficiency at low energy consumptions from oxidation of biomass alcohols. Theoretical calculations further confirm the dominant role of octahedrally coordinated Co‐O sites in adsorption, activation, and oxidation of C3‐C1 alcohols. This work sheds light on the design of highly efficient transition metal oxide catalysts for oxidation of alcohols by populating octahedral sites in the crystal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have become a recent research hotspot because of their excellent safety performance. In order to better reflect their superiority, high‐voltage cathodes should be applied to enhance the energy density of solid batteries to compete with commercial liquid batteries. However, the introduction of high‐voltage cathodes suffers from many problems, such as low electrochemical stability, inferior interface chemical stability between cathode and electrolyte, poor mechanical contact, and gas evolution. These drawbacks significantly influence the battery performance, even causing battery failure and hindering the commercialization of solid‐state batteries. This paper first reviews the above failure mechanisms of high‐voltage cathode‐based ASSLBs from different perspectives. Then, recent advances in solid‐state electrolytes for ASSLBs are summarized, mainly including polymer solid electrolytes, sulfide solid electrolytes, and oxide solid electrolytes. In addition, the influence of the cathode materials is also highly critical, and strategies to improve electrochemical performance are put forward, which can be divided into coating protection, synthesis modification, and structure improvement. Finally, guidelines for the future development of solid‐state batteries are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the age of the artificial intelligence of things (AIoT), wearable devices have been extensively developed for smart healthcare. This paper proposes a self‐powered and self‐sensing lower‐limb system (SS‐LS) with negative energy harvesting and motion capture for smart healthcare. The SS‐LS achieves self‐sustainability via a half‐wave electromagnetic generator (HW‐EMG) that recovers negative work from walking with a low cost of harvesting. Additionally, the motion capture function of the system is achieved by the three‐channel triboelectric nanogenerator (TC‐TENG) based on binary code, which can accurately detect the angle and direction of the knee joint rotation. The bench test experiment indicates that the HW‐EMG has an average output power of 11.2 mW, sufficient to power a wireless sensor. The three‐channel voltage signal of TC‐TENG fits well with the binary signal, which can precisely detect the angle and direction of rotation. Furthermore, the SS‐LS demonstrates an identification accuracy of 99.68% and a motion detection accuracy of 99.96% based on an LSTM deep learning model. Demonstrations of Parkinson's disease and fall detection and monitoring of three training modes (sit‐and‐stand, balance, and walking training) are also performed, which exhibit outstanding sensing capabilities. The SS‐LS is highly promising in sports rehabilitation medicine and can contribute to the development of smart healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have promising potential for industrial production due to their superior stability. Recently, the widespread application of the polymerized small molecule acceptor (PSMA) has led to a surge in the efficiency of all‐PSCs. However, the high efficiencies of these devices generally rely on the use of the highly volatile solvent, chloroform (CF). Furthermore, the molecular weights of PSMA are lower than polymer donors, yet their crystallinity is weaker than typical small molecules, making most PSMA‐based all‐PSCs suffer from low electron mobility. To improve device performance and facilitate large scale production of all‐PSCs, it is necessary to enhance electron mobility and avoid the use of CF. This paper investigates the use of sequential processing (SqP) for active layer preparation using toluene as the solvent to address these issues. This work reports 18.1% efficient all‐PSC devices, which is the highest efficiency of all‐PSCs prepared using non‐halogen solvents. This work systematically compares the conventional blend‐casting method with the SqP method using PM6 as the donor and PY‐V‐γ and PJ1‐γ as the acceptors, and compares the performance of binary and ternary blends in both methods. Finally, this work measures the device stability and finds that SqP can significantly improve the photostability of the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefitting from ultra‐high porosity, large specific surface area (SSA), and rich active sites, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a star material in energy and environment related applications, especially in photocatalysis. In comparison with conventional photocatalysts, MOFs can be customized in terms of electronic structure, photo‐responsiveness, and morphological dimensions by rational design, which means that MOFs eliminate the need for other species to achieve enhanced photocatalytic performance, such as metals, compounds, and polymers, which may introduce extra costs, be time‐consuming, be multi‐phase, or have an unclear mechanism. Most previous review works related to MOF photocatalysis have mixed self‐tuning and assisted‐tuning, which often gives an incomplete understanding. In this work, the self‐tunning of MOFs by analyzing component (as clusters, ligands, and inclusions), defect (defect engineering, as linkers, clusters, and oxygen vacancies (OVs), and crystal (as facets, dimensions, and amorphization) is summarized. Then, outstanding examples of these strategies applied to water redox, CO2/N2 reduction, organic conversion, and environmental treatment are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced in the self‐tuning of MOFs are analyzed from different perspectives. This paper is a comprehensive and systematic review on the self‐tuning of MOFs to enhance photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]