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2. Effects of starch–citric acid cross-linking on the fibrous composites using waste paper pulp material for eco-friendly packaging
- Author
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Itkor, Pontree, Singh, Ajit Kumar, Lee, Myungho, Boonsiriwit, Athip, and Lee, Youn Suk
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Production of derivatives from wheat straw as reinforcement material for paper produced from secondary fibers
- Author
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Serrano, Iciar, Afailal, Zainab, Sánchez-Paniagua, Naiara, González, Pablo, Bautista, Ana, Gil-Lalaguna, Noemí, Gonzalo, Alberto, Arauzo, Jesús, Crespo, Cristina, and Sánchez, Jose Luís
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Model systems for clarifying the effects of surface modification on fibre–fibre joint strength and paper mechanical properties
- Author
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Asta, Nadia, Loist, Maximilian, Reid, Michael S., and Wågberg, Lars
- Published
- 2024
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5. Scaling-Up Production of Recycled Paper/Starch–Citric Acid Biocomposite Sheets with Improved Attributes for Sustainable Packaging Applications: From Waste to Resource
- Author
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Itkor, Pontree, Singh, Ajit Kumar, Lee, Myungho, Choi, Seok, Boonsiriwit, Athip, and Lee, Youn Suk
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Efficient fabrication of paper nanocomposites for superior flame retardancy and strengthening properties
- Author
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Hassan, Mayar, Diab, Mohamed A., Attia, Nour F., Hegazi, Abdelrahman H., and Hagar, Mohamed
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Unbleached Nanofibrillated Cellulose as Additive and Coating for Kraft Paper.
- Author
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Lengowski, Elaine Cristina, Bonfatti Júnior, Eraldo Antonio, Simon, Leonardo Coelho, Izidio, Vitória Maria Costa, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, Nisgoski, Silvana, and Muniz, Graciela Inês Bolzon de
- Subjects
KRAFT paper ,PAPER pulp ,FOOD packaging ,THERMAL stability ,LIQUEFIED gases ,EUCALYPTUS - Abstract
Although paper packages are biodegradable, their applications in food packaging are limited due to high affinity for absorbing moisture and the high permeability of gases and liquids with surroundings. Therefore, exploring the use biodegradable coatings such as nanocellulose to improve barrier is a relevant strategy. This study assessed the efficacy of unbleached nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) as an additive to paper and coatings. Using NFC derived from unbleached eucalyptus pulp, a 5% mass addition to the paper pulp and a 2 mm wet nanocellulose coating to kraft paper handsheets made from pine pulp were investigated. In addition, nanocellulose films of similar thicknesses were appraised. The physical, morphological, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of the resulting papers were assessed. Incorporating NFC notably enhanced the morphology area of the paper by padding its pores, thus increasing its density by up to 48% and improving its water barrier properties by up to 50%. The mechanical strength showed significant enhancements, particularly in bursting and tensile strength with increases of up to 134% and 50%, respectively. Anyhow, the films exhibited lower bursting indices and no improvement in the tearing index. Nonetheless, the thermal stability of the handsheets with NFC coating meets the minimum requirements for food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement of Paper Sheets Composited with Carboxymethyl Cellulose.
- Author
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Kobayashi, Junya, Kaneko, Masahiro, Supachettapun, Chamaiporn, Takada, Kenji, Kaneko, Tatsuo, Kim, Joon Yang, Ishida, Minori, Kawai, Mika, and Mitsumata, Tetsu
- Subjects
METHYLCELLULOSE ,STRESS-strain curves ,CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE ,BOND strengths ,AQUEOUS solutions - Abstract
The mechanical properties for paper sheets composited with glucose (Glc), methyl cellulose (MC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were investigated. The paper composites were prepared by immersing paper sheets in aqueous solutions of these materials and drying at 100 °C for 30 min. The stress–strain curves for these paper composites were measured by a uniaxial tensile apparatus with a stretching speed of 2 mm/min. The breaking stress and strain for untreated paper were 24 MPa and 0.016, respectively. The paper composites demonstrated stress–strain curves similar to the untreated paper; however, the breaking point largely differed for these composites. The breaking strain and breaking stress for the Glc composite slightly decreased and those for the MC composite gradually increased with the concentration of materials composited. Significant increases in the mechanical properties were observed for the CMC composite. The breaking stress, breaking strain, and breaking energy for the 3 wt.% CMC composite were 2.0-, 3.9-, and 8.0-fold higher than those for untreated paper, respectively. SEM photographs indicated that the CMC penetrated into the inner part of the paper. These results strongly suggest that the mechanical improvement for CMC composites can be understood as an enhancement of the bond strength between the paper fibrils by CMC, which acts as a bonding agent. It was also revealed that the breaking strain, breaking stress, and breaking energy for the CMC composites were at maximum at the first cycle and decreased gradually as the immersion cycles increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Blocks Reinforced With Glass Particles and Recycled Paper: A Sustainable Approach.
- Author
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Gonzales Saldaña, Jordan Stuar and Atoche, Victor Manual Tepe
- Subjects
CONCRETE blocks ,RECYCLED paper ,REINFORCED concrete ,GLASS waste ,WASTE paper - Abstract
The materials to produce concrete blocks (sand, gravel, and cement) are limited resources that are becoming scarce over time due to their increasing demand in construction. On the other hand, the waste of glass and paper is progressively increasing without being fully utilized through recycling. Therefore, the objective of this scientific research is to evaluate the influence on the mechanical properties of masonry concrete blocks made with recycled glass and paper particles. Likewise, the sample was non-probabilistically selected for convenience, consisting of 192 concrete blocks manufactured with additions of 3% (2% glass particles and 1% recycled paper), 6% (4% glass particles and 2% recycled paper), and 9% (6% glass particles and 3% recycled paper), as well as concrete blocks manufactured without additions. According to the results obtained, at 3%, 6%, and 9% addition of glass and paper particles, the absorption decreased by 4.94%, 3.398%, and 3.52% respectively. However, the warping increased between 1.7mm and 1.8mm, while the compressive strength (f'c) increased to 75kg/cm2, 82kg/cm2, and 77kg/cm2, respectively. Similarly, the axial compressive strength (f'm) increased to 91.22kg/cm2, 94.45kg/cm2, and 92.80kg/cm2, and the diagonal compressive strength (V'm) increased by 8.90kg/cm2, 9.70kg/cm2, and 9.70kg/cm2. Nevertheless, the manufacturing cost of masonry units showed a progressive reduction with the amount of glass + paper addition, amounting to 0.57 USD, 0.55 USD, and 0.53 USD. It was also determined that the optimal addition of these materials in the concrete mix in terms of cost and strength is 9% (glass + paper), resulting in compressive strengths of 77kg/cm2, 92.8kg/cm2, and 9.70kg/cm2, with a cost of 0.53 USD per unit. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that adding glass and recycled paper particles in the production of concrete blocks for use in loadbearing masonry walls positively influences the physical and mechanical properties of the blocks. Additionally, it allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs, leading to significant savings for builders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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10. Shredded Waste Office Paper as a Component with Wood Particles in the Production of Particleboard.
- Author
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Konukcu, Arif Caglar and Engin, Merve
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,WOOD ,UREA-formaldehyde resins ,MODULUS of elasticity ,PARTICLE board - Abstract
The effect of shredded waste office paper was considered when producing one-layered particleboard. Five different mixing ratios of shredded waste office paper/wood particles were used (0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and 100/0) and two amounts of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin (10% and 15%). The boards were tested for their physical and mechanical properties, including modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), and internal bond (IB) strength, in accordance with the European Norm (EN) standards. All properties of the boards were found to be improved via increasing the resin content. The 15% UF-bonded board with 100% wood particles had the highest MOR, whereas the board containing 100% wastepaper for 15% UF had the highest MOE. However, there was no statistical difference between the board types. Although increasing wastepaper content in the board negatively affected the IB, the usage of wastepaper up to 25% was shown to be acceptable as a raw material in the production of particleboard. None of the prepared boards met the EN 312 (1999) requirements for thickness swelling. The boards made from shredded waste office paper were more suitable for dry and indoor use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Production of recycled paper using harmless municipal sludge as a new biomass filler.
- Author
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Sun, Hao, Chen, Xiyu, Wei, Lingjun, Cui, Jieyu, Zhang, Wanlu, and Liu, Longfei
- Subjects
RECYCLED paper ,WASTE paper ,BIOMASS ,PAPER recycling ,PAPERMAKING - Abstract
Due to a shortage of resources, exploring new biomass fillers has become critical for paper making. In this study, we reported an eco-friendly strategy for fabricating low-cost and efficient recycled paper with high mechanical properties using corrugated cardboard waste paper and harmless municipal sludge (HMS). First, the characteristics of HMS, including the particle size, pH, specific surface area, organic functional groups and organic component content, were analyzed. Then, the influence of the amount of HMS on the properties of the recycled paper was studied. Finally, the strengthening mechanism of biomass filling recycled paper was discussed. The results showed that HMS, a biomass filler for recycled paper preparation, exhibited excellent physical and chemical properties, with a median particle size of 6.395 μm, a surface area of 39.974 m
2 g−1 and organic functional groups. The tensile index of the recycled paper with 30 % HMS was 13.10 Nm/g, which was 16.4 % greater than that of the unfilled paper and showed better thermal stability. This excellent performance could be attributed to the uniform distribution of HMS on the fiber surface, which improved the accessibility of hydrogen bond formation between fibers. Thus, this study proved that HMS was an excellent biomass filler for producing recycled paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Mechanical and Microstructural Changes in Expansive Soils Treated with Lime and Lignin Fiber from Paper Industry.
- Author
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Wang, Taian and Wang, Yejiao
- Subjects
SWELLING soils ,LIMING of soils ,LIME (Minerals) ,PAPER industry ,STRUCTURAL failures ,BUILDING failures ,LIGNINS ,LIGNIN structure - Abstract
Expansive soil exhibits significant swellings and shrinkages, which may result in severe damage or the collapse of structures built upon it. Calcium-based admixtures, such as lime, are commonly used to improve this problematic soil. However, traditional chemical additions can increase significant environmental stress. This paper proposes a sustainable solution, namely, the use of lignin fiber (LF) from the paper industry to partially replace lime as an amendment for expansive soils. Both the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the lignin fiber-treated expansive soil are extensively studied. The results show that the mechanical properties of expansive soil are improved by using lignin fiber alone. Under the condition of an optimal dosage of 8%, the compressive strength of lignin fiber-modified soil can reach 193 kPa, the shear strength is increased by 40% compared with the untreated soil, and the water conductivity is also improved with the increase in dosage. In addition, compared with 2% lime-modified soil, the compressive strength of 8% lignin fiber- and 2% lime composite-treated expansive soil increased by 50%, the cohesion increased by 12%, and the water conductivity decreased significantly. The microstructure analysis shows that at an 8% lignin fiber content, lignin fibers interweave into a network in the soil, which effectively enhances the strength and stability of the improved soil. Simultaneously, the fibers can form bridges across the adjacent micropores, leading to the merging of pores and transforming fine, dispersed micropores into larger, connected macropores. Lime promotes the flocculation of soil particles, forming larger aggregates and thus resulting in larger pores. The addition of fibers exerts an inhibitory effect on the flocculation reaction in the composite-improved soil. In conclusion, lignin fibers are an effective addition used to partially replace calcium admixture for the treatment of expansive soil, which provides a sustainable and environmentally friendly treatment scheme for reducing industrial waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Optimizing paper sludge content and particle size to enhance particleboard properties.
- Author
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Mehrvan, Kian, Jonoobi, Mehdi, Ashori, Alireza, and Ahmadi, Peyman
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CIRCULAR economy ,FLEXURAL strength ,WASTE management ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,PARTICLE board - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry generates vast quantities of paper sludge, posing significant environmental challenges due to its disposal in landfills or incineration. This study explores the potential of valorizing paper sludge by incorporating it into particleboard production. It aims to optimize sludge content and particle size to enhance board properties—a novel approach to waste management in the wood composites industry. Through systematic variation of sludge content (0–25%) and particle size (< 0.5 to > 2 mm), we assessed the mechanical and physical properties such as internal bond strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), water absorption (WA), and thickness swelling (TS). The findings indicate that incorporating paper sludge at moderate levels (5–15%) with optimized particle sizes (< 1 mm) significantly improves the mechanical properties of the particleboard, including increased IB, MOR, and MOE while reducing WA and TS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) further supported these results, revealing that higher-density boards with enhanced mechanical properties absorb less water, highlighting the interrelationship between structural integrity and moisture resistance. The PCA also identified thickness swelling as an independent factor, suggesting that while mechanical properties can be optimized, additional strategies are needed to control swelling. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that up to 15% paper sludge can be effectively used in particleboard production without compromising quality, provided particle size is carefully controlled. This approach not only offers a sustainable solution for managing paper sludge but also contributes to the development of eco-friendly composite materials, aligning with circular economy principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. 芳纶纸力学性能调控及应用 研究进展.
- Author
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王舜柯, 李金鹏, 李永锋, 常小斌, 刘金科, 王 斌, 王铁军, and 陈克复
- Subjects
INFORMATION technology ,WEAR resistance ,ARAMID fibers ,CORROSION resistance ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. 灵芝-玉米秸秆的生物纸板制备工艺优化及性能研究.
- Author
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董紫薇, 李宇航, 李凡宇, 王正奇, 李玉, and 韩雪容
- Subjects
KRAFT paper ,CORN straw ,BENDING strength ,AGRICULTURAL wastes ,CARDBOARD - Abstract
Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Selected Papers from "The 18th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA18) (September 4-8, 2022)".
- Author
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Shoichi Hirosawa
- Subjects
ALUMINUM alloys ,ALUMINUM alloying ,MECHANICAL heat treatment ,HEAT treatment ,ALUMINUM castings ,FOAM - Abstract
The 18th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA18) was held in Toyama, Japan from September 4 to 8, 2022, and the special issue entitled "Aluminium and Its Alloys for Zero Carbon Society" was published on Materials Transactions in February 2023 (Vol. 64, No. 2). The biennial conference covered a wide range of current trends in aluminium research; e.g. "modeling and simulation", "casting, solidification, recycling and refining", "additive manufacturing", "foams and composite materials", "mechanical properties and advanced processing", "thermomechanical processing, texture and recrystallization", "heat treatment, phase transformation and precipitation", "corrosion and surface treatments", "joining, emerging processes and multi material" and "advanced characterization". This article briefly reviews selected papers from the conference with significant experimental outcome and discussion on aluminium alloys. The author hopes that these papers are useful for all the researchers who develop next-generation technologies and materials concerning aluminium alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. 间位芳纶纸基复合材料在高温环境下 力学性能研究.
- Author
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王明杰, 陈泓丞, 王 宜, 关 康, 龙 金, 胡 健, 陆志远, 罗玉清, and 杨进军
- Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. PBO 纤维纸基复合材料的热老化及 高温力学性能研究.
- Author
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宋梓至, 廖思煌, 龙 金, 王 宜, 熊志远, and 胡 健
- Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. 打浆度对超高压绝缘纸老化性能的 影响.
- Author
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王 楠, 钱丽颖, 杨柳青, 赵宸瑄, 禹家琛, and 李军荣
- Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. 双交联废弃瓦楞纸基气凝胶缓冲材料的 制备与性能.
- Author
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任子铭, 黎亮丽, 蒋向向, 岳士琪, 李宏达, and 苟进胜
- Abstract
Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Influence of CMC, HPMC, and CNF on Performance of Corrugated Base Paper.
- Author
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Gao, Lihong, Zhao, Xinpeng, Zhou, Qingbo, Li, Huaying, and Yu, Haibin
- Subjects
FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE ,RICE straw ,DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry ,SCANNING electron microscopy - Abstract
This study aims to comprehensively examine the influence of three distinct additives, namely carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and cellulose nanofibers (CNF), on the performance enhancement of corrugated base paper. For this purpose, steam‐exploded rice straw was treated with varying concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt%) of CMC, HPMC and CNF. Analysis of the rice straw pre and post expansion, as well as the modified corrugated base paper, was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), tensile performance testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that adding CMC, CNF, and HPMC to corrugated base paper significantly improved bonding between paper layers, particularly at 2 %, 6 %, and 8 % concentrations, respectively. This enhancement notably increased tensile strength and elastic modulus of the corrugated base paper. Tensile performance saw increases of 57.76 %, 59.01 %, and 60.25 %, while elastic modulus showed increments of 52.7 %, 9.4 %, and 136.69 %, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for the preparation of corrugated base paper and highlight the potential of CMC, HPMC, and CNF in enhancing paper mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Preparation of interwoven structure composite paper via polylactic acid infiltrating fiber network.
- Author
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Liu, Yifan, Wang, Liqiang, Wang, Feijie, and Ma, Shufeng
- Subjects
POLYLACTIC acid ,COMPOSITE structures ,WOOD-pulp ,FIBERS ,CONTACT angle ,HYDROXYL group - Abstract
Cellulose is commonly acknowledged as a sustainable material owing to its abundance and renewability. However, the abundance of hydroxyl groups makes the paper material highly hydrophilic, and the hydrogen bonds between the fibers are easily broken by water, leading to the degradation of mechanical properties. This work details the fabrication of a composite paper comprising interwoven cellulose and polylactic acid (PLA) structures through hot‐pressing and PLA impregnation onto handwritten paper derived from conventional wood pulp fibers as the substrate. The investigation assessed how varying PLA concentrations influenced the overall characteristics of the composite paper, including its morphology, structure, mechanical properties, water absorption behavior, and water contact angle. Experimental results revealed that the composite paper fabricated through our approach exhibited an intertwined structure comprising both PLA and cellulose. With a tensile index reaching 33.24 kN·m/kg and a mere 31.1% loss in tensile index post‐water treatment, the mechanical properties of the composite paper were significantly enhanced due to the robust interfacial compatibility between cellulose and PLA, as well as the adhesive effect of PLA. Furthermore, the composite paper (CP) is easily processable and amenable to thermoforming into paper trays as required, indicative of its potential applications in the packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Methods to Measure the Electrical Resistances of a Gas Diffusion Layer Under Mechanical Compression.
- Author
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Bouziane, Khadidja, Khetabi, E. M., Lachat, R., Candusso, D., and Meyer, Y.
- Subjects
CARBON paper - Abstract
In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (FC), the gas diffusion layer (GDL) is identified as the component that is most affected by mechanical compression. In this article, a particular focus is provided on the methods to measure the three main electrical parameters—contact resistance, through‐plane resistance, and in‐plane resistance—of the GDL under compression. A nonlinear decrease of these resistances under compression is typically observed. In particular, an important decrease is observed from 0 to 2 MPa, then a lower one above 2 MPa. The smallest contact and in‐plane resistances are measured for the graphitized straight carbon papers analyzing GDL resistances under compression gives a first approach to explaining ohmic losses in FCs as a large part of these losses is related to the GDL. This review would be helpful for researchers in better understanding ohmic losses and establishing a database of main GDL electrical resistances and their variations according to several operating parameters. These data could be used in design models to optimize GDL properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Styrene/acrylate copolymer emulsions as strengthening agents for kraft bagasse pulp: A way for enhancing the mechanical properties of paper.
- Author
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Morsi, Samir M. M., Abd El‐Sayed, Essam S., Ismail, Ahmed, and Kamel, Samir
- Subjects
SULFATE pulping process ,GLASS transition temperature ,EMULSIONS ,STYRENE ,AGRICULTURAL wastes - Abstract
Although styrene acrylate emulsions (SAE) have demonstrated promising applications as surface sizing agents for paper, their strengthening effect on pulp fibers in papermaking is not clear. In this study, bagasse fibers, an agricultural waste, were treated with SAE to study the influences on the mechanical properties of the produced papers. SAE copolymers with hard chain (H‐PSA) and soft chain (S‐PSA) were prepared and added to bagasse pulp slurry at concentrations of 1%–4% by weight. The findings indicated that for the soft and hard copolymers, the glass transition temperatures were 19.5 and 26.8°C and their emulsion particle sizes were 166 and 182 nm, respectively. The copolymers strengthened the produced paper by wrapping around and forming a network of chemical and physical bonds with the pulp fibers. Papers treated with 3% H‐PSA exhibited the optimum improvement in tensile strength (38 MPa) and breaking length (67 m) by 13% and 64%, respectively. Treated papers were negatively affected by UV radiation due to phenyl groups spread along the chains. The copolymers demonstrated good wet‐strength properties achieved by self‐ and co‐crosslinked networks. The prepared paper sheets showed a preference for the mechanical properties of treated samples over the untreated ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Castor oil‐based paper packaging coating with water resistance and degradability obtained by thiol‐ene click reaction.
- Author
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Chen, Liyu, Li, Pengsong, Guan, Jingwen, Xu, Chenyang, Xu, Chang‐An, and Yang, Zhuohong
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,CONTACT angle ,CASTOR oil ,PACKAGING materials ,CHEMICAL reactions ,PACKAGING recycling ,WATERPROOFING ,ALKALINE solutions - Abstract
With the implementation of plastic restrictions and the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, paper with green and recyclable characteristics is gradually becoming a substitute for packaging materials. However, the rich cellulose structure in the paper, which contains hydroxyl groups leading to its hydrophilicity, allows water molecules to penetrate the paper and disrupt the hydrogen bonds between cellulose, resulting in a decrease in mechanical properties. Therefore, waterproof coatings are crucial for paper‐based materials to be used in many applications. Based on this, the paper surface was chemically modified with castor oil‐based resin (CO‐590) monomer prepared by coupling agent and castor oil (CO). The results indicated that the modified paper with the contact angle (CA) of 114° had excellent waterproof performance and had a reduction by 40.3% in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), but also its mechanical increased to 26.9 MPa and the decomposition temperature to 410.5°C. In addition, the coating on its surface could be removed in an alkaline solution and had a possibility to recycle blank paper in the future for manufacturing sustainable production. This work not only provides a method for preparing modified packaging paper, but also expands the application fields of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Sustainable Paper-based Packaging from Hemp Hurd Fiber: A Potential Material for Thermoformed Molded Fiber Packaging.
- Author
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Chi Hou Lo, Wade, Kelly R., Parker, Kate G., Mutukumira, Anthony N., and Sloane, Michelle
- Subjects
PACKAGING materials ,MOLDING materials ,HEMP industry ,TENSILE tests ,HEMP ,AIR resistance - Abstract
Hemp hurd fiber, a low-value waste stream from the hemp industry, has potential downstream applications as an alternative to non-renewable plastics for single-use food service ware and packaging applications. Packaging paper substrates made from chemically pulped hemp hurd, mixed in varying ratios with bleached thermomechanical radiata pine pulp were developed and tested. Handsheets were characterized using several mechanical property tests including tensile strength, tearing resistance, burst strength, short-span compression, ring crush, together with Gurley air resistance, contact angle, and Cobb60 tests. Generally, addition of hemp hurd fibers significantly improved handsheet mechanical properties. Hot-pressing of the handsheets so as to approximate molded fiber thermoforming further enhanced their performance, with pure hemp hurd handsheets having the highest mechanical properties and barrier performance. A prototype was successfully thermoformed from hemp fiber, demonstrating overall feasibility of this fibre source for molded fibre objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Assessment of the Mechanical and Microstructural Performance of Waste Kraft Fibre Reinforced Cement Composite Incorporating Sustainable Eco-Friendly Additives.
- Author
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Taiwo, Anuoluwapo S., Ayre, David S., Khorami, Morteza, and Rahatekar, Sameer S.
- Subjects
FIBROUS composites ,WASTE paper ,RAW materials ,FLEXURAL strength ,CALCIUM carbonate ,CEMENT composites - Abstract
This study investigates the influence of limestone powder and metakaolin as sustainable eco-friendly additives on the properties and behavior of cementitious composite boards, with a focus on mechanical strength, physical properties, and microstructural characteristics. The experimental investigation begins with the characterization of the raw materials, including limestone powder, and metakaolin, to assess their particle sizes, elemental composition, and microstructural features. Cement composite boards were fabricated using an innovatively developed lab-simulated vacuum dewatering process, by varying the proportions of limestone powder and metakaolin as partial replacements for cement, along with waste kraft fibres as reinforcement. Mechanical testing was conducted to evaluate the flexural strength and behaviour of the composite boards according to standardized procedures. A microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the effect of additives on the cementitious matrix, fibrematrix interaction, and hydration products. The findings from the experimental study reveal insights into the influence of limestone powder and metakaolin on the mechanical properties and microstructure of waste kraft fibre-reinforced cement composite boards. Our analysis of the results shows that adding 9% limestone powder as partial cement replacement produces a 24% and 50% enhancement in flexural strength at 7 and 28 days of hydration, while that of metakaolin as partial cement replacement was optimum at 6% with an enhancement of 4% and 36%, respectively, at 7 and 28 days of hydration. The implications of these findings for the development of sustainable cementitious composite are discussed, including the potential benefits of using limestone powder and metakaolin as supplementary cementitious materials in waste kraft fibre-reinforced cement composite boards. Finally, recommendations for optimizing additive proportions are also provided to enhance the understanding and application of these materials in the construction and building industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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28. Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials with Dammar-based Matrices and Reinforced with Paper and Chicken Feathers Waste.
- Author
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Mirițoiu, Cosmin Mihai
- Subjects
MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,SYNTHETIC gums & resins ,CHICKENS ,TENSILE strength ,FURNITURE industry - Abstract
The primary aim of this research was to explore the feasibility of producing environmentally friendly composite materials by employing diverse hybrid matrices consisting of dammar natural resin, supplemented with small proportions of two synthetic resins: one epoxy and the other acrylic. A blend of paper and chicken feathers served as the reinforcing elements. The fabrication of these composite materials utilized a hand layup technique. Targeted for applications in the furniture industry or interior design, their mechanical properties were assessed through various tests. Specimens were obtained from the manufactured samples and subjected to evaluations for tensile strength, compression, flexure, vibrations, Shore hardness, and water absorption. Results indicated that irrespective of the testing method employed, the mechanical strength properties exhibited a decline with an increase in the percentage of dammar in the hybrid resins, whereas the elasticity properties demonstrated an increase with this percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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29. High Toughness Laminated Composites Fabricated from Ti3Al(Si)C2 Filled Preceramic Paper and Nb Foils: Formation Mechanism and Influence of Laminate Architecture.
- Author
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Kashkarov, Egor Borisovich, Krotkevich, Dmitriy, Abdulmenova, Anastasia, Tolkachev, Oleg, and Travitzky, Nahum
- Subjects
LAMINATED materials ,MATERIAL plasticity ,BENDING strength ,SILICON nitride ,FRACTURE toughness ,SINTERING - Abstract
In this work high strength and tough metal‐ceramic laminated composites are fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of Ti3Al(Si)C2 MAX‐phase filled preceramic papers (TAC) and ductile Nb foils. The sintering is carried out at 1250 °C and 50 MPa for 5–20 min. Various stacking techniques are used to obtain Nb/TAC laminated composites with different architectures. SPS results in the formation of reaction layer (RL) with a complex composition, which changes the thickness insignificantly with increasing sintering time. The possible formation mechanism of RL is discussed. The bending strength of Nb/TAC composites is decreased from 410 to 350 MPa when lowering the thickness of ceramic layer. The maximum fracture toughness of 10.2 MPa·m1/2 is achieved for the composite with similar individual layers thickness. The toughening is explained by complex fracture mechanisms associated with deflection and branching of cracks at interfaces, delamination, plastic deformation of Nb layers, multiple cracking and crack deflection in ceramic TAC layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Development of a novel PPTA/cellulose composite insulation paper with low dielectric constant and improved mechanical properties by BTCA crosslinking.
- Author
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Mo, Yang, Hu, Gang, Gao, Yuanyuan, Zhang, Mao, and Liao, Ruijin
- Abstract
This study investigates the effect of 1,2,3,4‐butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) crosslinking treatment on the electrical properties of poly‐p‐phenylene terephthalate (PPTA)/cellulose insulation paper to prepare a novel composite insulation paper with low dielectric constant and good electrical performance. Three‐layer PPTA/cellulose composite paper crosslinked by BTCA under various conditions, composite paper without crosslinking, directly mixed composite paper, and conventional Kraft paper are prepared. The morphology and surface chemical composition of the paper samples are characterized. Dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties are investigated. Results show that the BTCA concentration of 0.2 mol L−1 with a 180°C curing temperature is the relatively superior crosslinking condition to prepare a novel composite with low dielectric constant and good comprehensive performance. The dielectric constant and loss of the novel composite paper decrease to 3.21 and 0.392 at 50 Hz. The tensile strength of the BTCA crosslinked three‐layer PPTA/cellulose composite paper (thickness: 130 μm) has reached 10.01 kN m−1, increased by 41.6% than the directly mixed composite paper. The novel BTCA crosslinked composite paper also shows improved thermal stability. The BTCA crosslinking proves to be a promising method to improve the dielectric properties and electrical performance of the PPTA/cellulose composite paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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31. 芳纶Ⅲ纸基复合材料的制备与 性能研究.
- Author
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廖思锽, 宋梓至, 龙 金, 王 宜, 熊志远, and 胡 健
- Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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32. Distribution of In-plane Physical Properties of Handmade Xuan Paper: Revealing the Effects of the Sheet Forming Process and the Folded State on Handmade Xuan Paper.
- Author
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Qiao, Chengquan, Gong, Yuxuan, and Gong, Decai
- Subjects
PHYSICAL distribution of goods ,CONSCIOUSNESS raising ,FIBER orientation - Abstract
Xuan paper is one of the most famous handmade papers in China and is an important paper for conservation. However, the evenness of Xuan paper has not yet received much attention. In this study, the distribution of the in-plane grammage and mechanical properties of Xuan paper are measured. It is found that the distribution of the in-plane grammage and mechanical properties of Xuan paper is uneven. In the handmade direction, the grammage and mechanical properties of Xuan paper are overall largest in the lower area, followed by the upper and middle areas. The sheet forming process of Xuan paper has an important effect on the distribution of in-plane grammage, mechanical properties, and fiber orientation of Xuan paper. The folded state has a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the folded area of Xuan paper. This study will help raise awareness of the unevenness in physical properties of Xuan paper, which is important in both conservation and research applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. 数字印刷废纸纤维增强聚乳酸复合薄膜的 性能研究.
- Author
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徐 龙, 张效林, 常 兴, 朱晓凤, 杨梦豪, 李 欣, 高丽敏, 曹 靖, and 左栗源
- Abstract
Copyright of Transactions of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Method for Calculating the Bending Stiffness of Honeycomb Paperboard.
- Author
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Kmita-Fudalej, Gabriela, Kołakowski, Zbigniew, and Szewczyk, Włodzimierz
- Subjects
CARDBOARD ,HONEYCOMB structures ,BENDING machines ,MEASUREMENT errors ,RAW materials - Abstract
The article presents continued considerations presented in a prior publication on the development of a model for calculating the bending stiffness BS of cellular honeycomb paperboards, applying the strength properties of paper raw materials used for the production of paperboard and the geometric parameters of cellular board. The results of BS calculations obtained by using the analytical model presented in the prior publication were significantly overestimated in relation to the value obtained by measurements. The calculation error in relation to the measurement value for the tested group of paperboards in the case of bending stiffness in the machine direction MD was within the range from 23% to 116%, and the average error was 65%, while in the cross direction CD, it was within the range from 2% to 54%, and the average error was 31%. The calculation model proposed in this work based on the physical properties of cellular paperboard reduces the error values for bending stiffness in both the machine and cross directions. The value of the average error for both main directions in the paperboard plane was 10%. The method enables more accurate determination of BS in the machine direction MD and in the cross direction CD at the paperboard design stage. In order to validate the proposed analytical model, the calculation results were compared with the results of BS laboratory measurements performed using the four-point bending method and, in order to expand the group of tested paperboards, with the measurement results presented in the prior article for cardboards with different raw material composition and different geometric parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cocoa husk biomass conversion for application in fibre packaging.
- Author
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Kapun, Tea, Karlovits, Igor, and Dimitrov, Kiril
- Abstract
During cocoa processing, a considerable residue of biomass with high economic potential is generated. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether cocoa husk residue after cocoa harvesting has the potential to be used as a fibre source in papermaking applications for packaging. Cocoa husk was collected, and pulp was produced chemically from the obtained biomass. Lignocellulosic components, ash and extractive content were established using standard or well-established methods. The results were in line with previous literature studies and demonstrated that agricultural residual biomass from cocoa husk contains 34.6% cellulose which is similar to wood fibre, but with higher lignin (30.7%) and ash content (9.0%). Chemical pulping and screening delivered a very low fibre yield of 19.6% which was further reduced to 11% after bleaching. Morphological properties of the obtained pulp were also measured. The obtained fibres after bleaching were very short (0.348 mm) and coarse (43.4 µm) when compared to softwood fibres. Laboratory handsheets with different blends of cocoa husk and commercial softwood fibres were prepared. The impact on handsheet properties were studied. The unbleached and bleached cocoa husk pulps were not suitable for papermaking as individual fibre sources, due to poor bonding characteristics and very slow drainage, respectively. When unbleached cocoa husk pulp was blended with softwood pulp, the strength properties of the sheets were negatively impacted. As cocoa husk fibre content was increased to 30% and 50%, tensile decreased by 10–34%, tear by 13–37%, burst by 22–39% and bending stiffness by 13–21%, respectively, making such addition undesirable for lightweight paper packaging applications. The addition of 30% bleached cocoa husk fibre to softwood, however, showed an improvement of 39% in tensile strength and 11% in burst, while tearing resistance and bending stiffness were compromised by 16% and 15%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
36. Development of a New Al-Fe-Ni Alloy for Electric Vehicle Applications
- Author
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Pan, Lei, Breton, Francis, and Fourmann, Jerome
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- 2024
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37. A Comprehensive Review on Enhancing the Strength of CFRPs Through Nano-reinforcements: Applications, Characterization, and Challenges
- Author
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Kumar, Kaushal, Das, Subhankar, Garg, Rajnish, and Goyat, Manjeet Singh
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Study on Grouting Performance Optimization of Polymer Composite Materials Applied to Water Plugging and Reinforcement in Mines.
- Author
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Zhang, Xuanning, Wang, Ende, Ma, Sishun, and Zhang, Deqing
- Subjects
POLYMER blends ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,COUPLING agents (Chemistry) ,FLY ash ,CONTACT angle - Abstract
With the increasing drilling depth of mines, the cross-complexity of fissures in the rock body, and the frequent occurrence of sudden water surges, polymer slurry, with its advantages of good permeability and strong water plugging, is increasingly used in mine grouting projects. Additional research is needed in order to further improve the grouting performance of polymer slurry, ensure the safety of mining operations, and reduce the grouting cost. In this paper, a polymer composite grouting material was prepared with diphenyl methyl diisocyanate, polyether polyol, and fly ash, as the main raw materials, with coupling agent and catalyst as auxiliary reagents. The performance of the composite grouting material in terms of mechanical properties, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and bonding was explored. This study's findings indicated that incorporating fly ash led to notable enhancements in the thermal stability and water resistance of the polymer slurry. Furthermore, the introduction of fly ash notably raised the starting degradation temperature of the polymer, boosted the water contact angle of the composite material, and reduced the density and reaction temperature of the composite material. In addition, the catalyst and coupling agent as auxiliary reagents affected the polymers in terms of mechanical properties; in this paper, dibutyltin dilaurate was used as the catalyst, and organosilanes were used as the coupling agent. The catalyst successfully sped up the polymer's gel time, however, an excessive quantity of catalyst compromised the polymer's mechanical characteristics. The addition of organosilanes has a positive effect on the dynamic mechanical properties of the composites, fracture toughness, compression, bending, and bond strength. The research can offer a theoretical direction for creating polymer mixtures in mine grouting projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Enhanced Strength–Ductility Combination in Laser Welding of CrCoNi Medium-Entropy Alloy with Ultrasonic Assistance.
- Author
-
Zhou, Hongmei, Yan, Shaohua, and Zhu, Zhongyin
- Subjects
LASER welding ,WELDED joints ,DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) ,SHIELDING gases ,ALLOYS - Abstract
The welded joints of high/medium entropy alloys (H/MEAs) have shown sound mechanical properties, indicating high promise for the industrial application of this new type of metal alloy. However, these joints possess either relatively low strength or low ductility. In this paper, we used ultrasonic-assisted laser welding to weld CrCoNi MEA with the nitrogen as shielding gas. The results showed that the tensile strength of the joint at room and cryogenic temperature is 686 MPa and 1071 MPa, respectively. The elongation at room and cryogenic temperature is 26.8% and 27.7%, respectively. The combination of the strength and ductility in our joints exceeds that of other welded H/MEA joints. We attributed this excellent combination to the refined dendrite, the solution of nitrogen into the matrix, and the low stacking fault energy of the CrCoNi MEA. The findings in this paper not only provide a novel way to weld H/MEAs with high strength and ductility, also are useful for additively manufacturing the high-performance component of H/MEAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Structure and Mechanical Properties of AlMgSi(Cu) Extrudates Straightened with Dynamic Deformation.
- Author
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Leśniak, Dariusz, Zasadziński, Józef, Libura, Wojciech, Leszczyńska-Madej, Beata, Bogusz, Marek, Latos, Tomasz, and Płonka, Bartłomiej
- Subjects
STRAIN hardening ,PNEUMATICS ,COPPER ,SCANNING electron microscopes ,THERMOMECHANICAL treatment - Abstract
Before artificial ageing, extruded aluminium profiles are subjected to stretching with a small cold deformation in the range of 0.5–2%. This deformation improves the geometrical stability of the extruded product and causes changes in the microstructure of the profile, which leads to the strain hardening of the material after artificial ageing. The work has resulted in the creation of the prototype of an original device, which is unique in the world, for the dynamic stretching of the extruded profiles after quenching. The semi-industrial unit is equipped with a hydraulic system for stretching and a pneumatic system for cold dynamic deformation. The aim of this research paper is to produce advantageous microstructural changes and increase the strength properties of the extruded material. The solution of the dynamic stretching of the profiles after extrusion is a great challenge and an innovation not yet practised. The paper presents the results of microstructural and mechanical investigations carried out on extruded AlMgSi(Cu) alloys quenched on the run-out table of the press, dynamically stretched under different conditions, and artificially aged for T5 temper. Different stretching conditions were applied: a static deformation of 0.5% at a speed of 0.02 m/s, and dynamic deformation of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% at speeds of 0.05 and 2 m/s. After the thermomechanical treatment of the profiles, microstructural observations were carried out using an optical microscope (OM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A tensile test was also carried out on the specimens stretched under different conditions. In all the cases, the dynamically stretched profiles showed higher strength properties, especially those deformed at a higher speed of 2 m/s, where the increase in UTS was observed in the range of 7–18% compared to the classical (static) stretching. The microstructure of the dynamically stretched profiles is more homogeneous with a high proportion of fine dispersoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Mechanical property characterizations of woven natural fiber-reinforced polymers 3D printed through a laminated object manufacturing process.
- Author
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Jiang, Lai, Shahriar, Sazidur, Islam, Md Shariful, Grady, Tony, and Perez, Bryan
- Abstract
The mechanical properties of woven natural fiber reinforced polymers additively manufactured through Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) technology are investigated in this paper. The benefits of both the material and manufacturing process were combined into a sustainable practice, as a potential alternative to traditional synthetic composite materials made from nonrenewable crude oil with limited end-of-life alternatives. Woven jute fiber reinforcements are used to strengthen both synthetic and bio- thermoplastic polymers in creating highly biodegradable composite structures. Such materials, as one of the prospective alternatives for synthetic composites, can be used in many engineering fields such as automobile panels, construction materials, and commodity and recreational products including sports and musical instruments. A LOM 3D printer prototype was designed and built by the authors. All woven jute/polymer biocomposite test specimens made using the built prototype in this study had their mechanical (both tensile and flexural) properties assessed using ASTM test standards and then compared to similar values measured from pure polymer specimens. Improved mechanical characteristics were identified and analyzed. Finally, SEM imaging was performed to identify the polymer infusion and fiber-matrix bonding conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Refractory Concrete Properties—A Review.
- Author
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ElKhatib, Lelian W., Khatib, Jamal, Assaad, Joseph J., Elkordi, Adel, and Ghanem, Hassan
- Subjects
ULTRASONIC testing ,MODULUS of elasticity ,CALCIUM aluminate ,PORTLAND cement ,THERMAL properties ,EFFECT of temperature on concrete - Abstract
Due to the large increase in human population, the need for more buildings and other amenities is widening. Concrete is considered one of the most abundant and popular materials used in the structure and construction fields. It is known as a composite mix composed of cement and aggregates including fine and coarse and water. Despite its good properties, its capability to be formed in different shapes and its ability to resist severe conditions, concrete will struggle with the presence of extremely high temperatures. So, different types of concrete must be found to resist those challenging conditions. Refractory concrete can be considered a good choice to be used in places exposed to elevated temperatures and severe conditions. Mainly, refractory concrete is made up of ordinary Portland cement replacement well known as refractory cement, specific types of fine and coarse aggregates and are known as refractory or temperature-bearing aggregates and water. To the best authors' knowledge, review papers about refractory concrete are rare. For this reason, more than 65 papers were consulted including many recently published. This review describes the different types of materials used in refractory concrete. Furthermore, the different fresh, hardened, structural, durability and thermal properties of refractory concrete are also included such as slump, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, shrinkage, mass loss, porosity, water absorption, damage level and thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Current Progress in the Development of Resin Materials with Nanofillers for 3D Printing of Denture Base.
- Author
-
Altarazi, Ahmed, Haider, Julfikar, Alhotan, Abdulaziz, Silikas, Nikolaos, and Devlin, Hugh
- Subjects
DENTAL resins ,MATERIALS testing ,POLYMERS ,ORTHODONTICS ,DENTAL implants ,MEDICAL logic ,ZINC oxide ,DENTURES ,SURFACE properties ,TITANIUM ,NANOTECHNOLOGY ,DENTISTRY ,PROSTHODONTICS ,THREE-dimensional printing ,SILICA ,NANOPARTICLES ,PROSTHESIS design & construction - Abstract
Background: Advanced manufacturing techniques, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing, use digital models from computer-aided design to produce 3D objects. They are frequently employed in different areas of dentistry, such as orthodontics, oral implantology, and prosthodontics. Purpose: The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of 3D-printing technology for denture bases and explore the influence of incorporating different fillers into 3D-printed denture base resins on their physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching papers published between 2010 and 2023 in several online databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. The main inclusion criteria used during the search was identifying the papers which added nanoparticles in the resin as an agent to bring different functional characteristics within the 3D-printed denture base resin. Furthermore, even though the search criteria were set for finding papers from the past 10 years, development in this field has accelerated in the past 4–5 years. Findings: Various fillers have exhibited promising results in terms of their ability to improve the functional properties of the 3D-printed denture base resins. However, such improvements come at a higher cost with careful resin preparation when considering the filler particles, the fabrication complexities and the extensive post-processing that is required. Conclusions: The use of 3D-printing approaches and fillers to fabricate dentures is associated with significant benefits in terms of imparting functional properties, consistency in fabrication and opportunities for innovation. However, further research is required to acquire a better understanding of the holistic, long-term performance of various filler materials, concentrations, their clinical relevance and particularly the potential health risks from the fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Enhancement of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) film barrier properties by nanofibril alignment.
- Author
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Das, Nabanita, Hafez, Islam, Bousfield, Douglas W., and Tajvidi, Mehdi
- Subjects
POLARIZATION microscopy ,FOOD packaging ,FOOD containers ,PACKAGING materials ,SUBSTRATES (Materials science) - Abstract
This study is centered on improving the mechanical and barrier characteristics of cellulose nanofibril films for food packaging applications. The goal was to induce fibril orientation, which was achieved by fabricating CNF films via an auto-dynamic sheet former (ADSF) at varying wire speeds, and varying CNF suspension solid contents. The wet-laid films were then dried using restrained (Z_Z shrinkage) and non-restrained (XY_Z) methods. Z_Z films demonstrated higher strength compared to XY_Z films at wire speeds of 1000 m/min and 1100 m/min. Films produced at 1100 m/min demonstrated the best oxygen barrier properties, irrespective of the drying technique employed. For 1100 m/min 0.1 wt.% films, the oxygen permeability values were decreased by 51.7% for the Z_Z shrinkage drying method and 40.3% for the XY_Z shrinkage drying method when compared to 900 m/min 0.1 wt.% films. The orientation of the film was assessed using polarized light microscopy (PLM) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). However, these methods seemed to be limited to specific instances, as only a small area of the film could be imaged which did not provide a comprehensive indication of the overall alignment of the film, likely due to averaging of film's response to these techniques caused by their multi-layer structure. Future research could delve deeper into producing oxygen barrier packaging materials using similar formulations in a paper-forming machine. Additionally, a potential future study could explore depositing an aligned CNF layer directly onto the paper substrate to form sustainable food containers made of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Effect of Channel Shape on Heat Transfer and Mechanical Properties of Supercritical CO 2 Microchannel Heat Exchanger.
- Author
-
Li, Peiyue, Fu, Wen, Zhang, Kaidi, Li, Qiulong, Zhang, Yi, Li, Yanmo, Wang, Zhihua, Hou, Xiuhua, Sun, Yuwei, and Wei, Wei
- Subjects
HEAT transfer ,WASTE heat ,IMPACT (Mechanics) ,COST control ,CARBON dioxide - Abstract
The heat exchanger plays a key role in the S-CO
2 power cycle of power generation systems based on waste heat and has a large impact on their cost control and compactness. In this paper, we take the channel shape of a microchannel heat exchanger as the research object and combine orthogonal tests and numerical simulation, taking the microchannel cross-section length/short-axis ratio, volume ratio and filling rate as independent variables, to numerically study multi-channel thermal–fluid–solid coupling and explore the effects of different microchannel cross-section length/short-axis ratios, volume ratios and filling rates on the thermal hydraulic and mechanical properties of the heat exchanger. The results show that a change in the channel volume ratio has a greater impact on the thermal hydraulic performance of the heat exchanger and that its heat transfer performance is only marginally affected by a change in the channel filling rate. Additionally, when other geometric parameters are kept to a certain level, the closer the shape of the channel is to a circle, the better its mechanical properties are. Within the range of permissible designs, a change in the channel volume ratio does not have an obvious impact on the mechanical properties of the microchannels, while the channel filling rate has the most significant impact. The most significant effect of the channel filling rate on the mechanical properties occurs through the channel volume ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FRACTURED GRANITE RESERVOIRS.
- Author
-
Xiongdi ZUO, Liangbin DOU, Hongjiang ZOU, Ming ZHANG, Tiantai LI, and Xiaogang SHI
- Subjects
DISCRETE element method ,GRANITE ,ROCK deformation ,ROCK properties ,FRACTURE strength ,ENGINEERING laboratories - Abstract
In this paper, on the basis of laboratory triaxial mechanical experiments, a granite model including different numbers and angles of fractures was established by the discrete element method. Combined with the laboratory triaxial mechanical experiments and PCF simulation results, the effects of the number and angle of fractures on the rock mechanical properties of fractured granite reservoirs were analyzed. The results show that the existence of fractures significantly reduces the strength of the reservoir, but the increase of the fracture angle and the confining pressure will weaken the degree of this reduction, and the fractures are easy to expand and connect during the loading process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Study on the mechanism and performance of 3D-printed PLA/epoxy composite for stab resistance.
- Author
-
Du, Zhe, Chen, Changjie, and Wang, Xinhou
- Subjects
FUSED deposition modeling ,DIGITAL image correlation ,STRUCTURAL plates ,STABBINGS (Crime) ,BODY armor - Abstract
Purpose: Stab-resistant body armor (SRBA) is used to protect the body from sharp knives. However, most SRBA materials currently have the disadvantages of large weight and thickness. This paper aims to prepare lightweight and high-performance SRBA by 3D printing truss structure and resin-filling method. Design/methodology/approach: The stab resistance truss structure was prepared by the fused deposition modeling method, and the composite structure was formed after filling with resin for dynamic and quasi-static stab tests. The optimized structural plate can meet the standard GA68-2019. Digital image correlation technology was used to analyze the local strain changes during puncture. The puncture failure mode was summarized by the final failure morphologies. The explicit dynamics module in ANSYS Workbench was used to analyze the design of the overlapped structure stab resistance process in this paper. Findings: The stab resistance performance of the 3D-printed structural plate is affected by the internal filling pattern. The stab resistance performance of 3D-printed structural parts was significantly improved after resin filling. The 50%-diamond-PLA-epoxy, with a thickness of only 5 mm was able to meet the stab resistance standard. Resins are used to increase the strength and hardness of the material but also to increase crack propagation and reduce the toughness of the material. The overlapping semicircular structure was inspired by the exoskeleton structure of the demon iron beetle, which improved the stab resistance between gaps. The truss structure can effectively disperse stress for toughening. The filled resin was reinforced by absorbing impact energy. Originality/value: The 3D-printed resin-filled truss structure can be used to prepare high-performance stab resistance structural plates, which balance the toughness and strength of the overall structure and ultimately reduce the thickness and weight of the SRBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Study on the strength composition mechanism and interface microscopic characteristics of cold recycling asphalt mixture.
- Author
-
Zhao Dong, Guangji Xu, Shudong Xu, Shijie Ma, Tao Ma, Yingcheng Luan, and Jiuwei Liu
- Subjects
ASPHALT pavement recycling ,CRUMB rubber ,ASPHALT ,MORTAR ,IMPACT (Mechanics) ,INTERFACIAL bonding ,POROSITY ,MIXTURES - Abstract
A cold recycling asphalt mixture has significant economic and environmental benefits compared to other pavement material recycling technologies. The cold recycling mixture contains reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), new aggregate particles (NAPs), asphalt emulsion, cement, and fillers. The internal material composition is complex, and the interface form is changeable. Both have a significant impact on the mechanical properties. Therefore, this paper aims to study the influence of material composition and related content on the strength performance of a cold recycling mixture from the two aspects of macroscopic mechanical tests and microscopic characteristics analyses. In this paper, the strength evolution law of a cold recycling mixture under changed amounts of cement, emulsified asphalt, and RAP content is carried out. The test result shows that low cement content has little effect on the strength of a cold recycling mixture and is not the main factor affecting its strength composition. The asphalt mainly plays the role of a binder. Compared with the NAPs, the aged asphalt mortar and emulsified asphalt mortar have better interfacial bonding effects. The NAP surface needs more asphalt to form structural asphalt. From the microscopic characteristics of the interfacial transition zone, the cement hydration products and asphalt mortar are intertwined to form a network structure, and the pore structure is filled with asphalt. Compared with the aggregate-asphalt interface, the cement hydration product has poor adhesion with the aggregate. Some micro-cracks are visible in the interface transition zone, which is mainly used as an interface modifier and interface improver to enhance the interface bonding effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Mechanical behavior of PVDF membrane based on the uni-/bi-axial loading experiments.
- Author
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Ping, Liu, Bai-Jian, Tang, WenRui, Li, and Ngamkhanong, Chayut
- Subjects
POISSON'S ratio ,YARN ,ELASTICITY ,TENSILE tests ,SINE function ,ELASTIC modulus - Abstract
Recently, composite PVDF membranes with good performance have triggered enormous interest because of their great potential application. However, the uncertainty of mechanical properties limits their application. Herein, this paper reveals the elastic modulus properties of the loading angle between warp and tensile direction using the uni-axial tensile test of SH-1050P membrane textile. In addition, the bi-axial tensile test with different loading ratios was implemented. Both uni-axial and bi-axial ductile load-displacement/stress-strain curves are featured. It is the first to establish a relationship between the elastic modulus and the loading angle using a theoretical method based on the assumption that there is no slippage and crease between yarns and matric. Furthermore, simulations with different textile parameters were carried out to verify the theoretical results. The key finding is that the elastic modulus under uni-axial load can be divided into two stages, which are elasticity and plasticity. Both of which are proportional to the sine function applied to two times the loading angle. The Poisson's ratio of SH-1050P textile can be considered as a fixed value of 0.11. This conclusion can be extended to similar textiles. The outcome of this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the PVDF memrane's mechanical behavior and presents a novel insight into its response to different loading conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Keratinous Natural Fibres as Sustainable Flame Retardants and Reinforcements in Polymer Composites.
- Author
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Mishra, Avishek, Kim, Nam Kyeun, and Bhattacharyya, Debes
- Subjects
FIRE resistant polymers ,NATURAL fibers ,FIBROUS composites ,POLYMERIC composites ,FIBERS - Abstract
Natural fibres have been used as fibre reinforcements in composites as they offer eco-friendly and economic advantages, but their susceptibility to deterioration when exposed to heat and flames has limited their practical application in fibre-reinforced polymeric composites. Fire-reaction properties have been explored in reasonable detail for plant fibres, but a gap exists in the understanding of animal fibre-reinforced composites. Understanding the thermal and fire reactions of these keratin-rich animal fibres is crucial for material selection and advancing composite product development. The current paper critically discusses the existing research landscape and suggests future research directions. The use of keratinous fibres in composites can definitely improve their thermal stability and fire performance, but it also appears to adversely affect the composite's mechanical performance. The main part of this paper focuses on the flame-retardant treatment of keratinous fibres and polymer composites, and their behaviour under fire conditions. The final part of this paper includes a brief look at the environmental impact of the treatment methods; the overall processing of keratinous fibre-reinforced composites is also presented to gain further insight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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