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Background: Suicidal behavior is a public health problem whose incidence has increased recently. The Suicide Risk Attention Program (ARSUIC) is developed for the detection and prevention of suicidal behavior. The data obtained allow us to study suicidal behavior. The aim of this study is to analyze predictive variables of clinical outcomes. Method: A quantitative and associate design with a retrospective viewpoint was carried out. Data from 459 adults, children, and adolescents referred to the ARSUIC program from 2018 to 2022 were collected. The analysis was conducted using SPSS and R. Results: The number of appointments, social support, and attempted suicide explain the abandonment of the program; the number of appointments, psychiatric history, and suicide attempts the permanence in the program; and finally, clinical discharge was explained by the number of appointments, a psychiatric personal history, social support, and past psychological violence. Conclusions: This is the first study analyzing predictive variables of outcomes in the ARSUIC program. Increasing our knowledge about this is necessary to improve clinical interventions and reduce dropouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a significant gap in scientific understanding about suicide among people experiencing homelessness (PEHs). Method: This seven-year longitudinal study examined a cohort of 154 PEHs. In 2015, clinical assessments were conducted, including an evaluation of suicide risk, with data on causes of death collected from public health service records in 2022. Results: Over the course of seven years, 14.3% of the sample passed away at an average age of 52.6 years. The leading causes of death were cancer, suicide, and accidental overdose. Participants who experienced violence had a higher number of suicide attempts and scored higher on the suicidal ideation scale. The most significant factors associated with mortality were prior suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of suicide risk scale scores as the primary predictor of mortality. It emphasizes the need for further longitudinal research on suicide among PEHs and the development of specific programs to prevent suicide within this population. An approach combining structural and individual perspectives is suggested, considering appropriate housing policies and mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide attempts have increased in the young population, becoming a public health problem with individual, family, and social implications. The objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between cultural variables and family functioning in young people with and without a history of suicide attempts in Ecuador. Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study of cases and controls. Measurement involved the following instruments: International Neuropsychiatric Interview for adolescents and adults, Pierce Suicidal Intention Scale, Battery of Multidimensional Cultural Variables Questionnaires, FACE III, and FF-SIL. All scales were culturally adapted and validated to the Ecuadorian context. A U-Mann Whitney comparison established differences between the two groups, as well as a Spearman-Rho correlation coefficient. Results: Significant differences resulted in the "cultural independence" variable between cases and controls (p> 0,05). Concerning family functioning, young people who attempted suicide belong to dysfunctional families. Discussion: Cultural patterns influence suicide attempts in young people and family functioning characterized by difficulties in adaptation and poor cohesion remain serious risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to describe the process of designing and evaluating the effectiveness of a communication strategy for the prevention of adolescent suicide among peers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out in four phases: 1) identification of needs among adolescents, 2) design of the communication strategy, 3) review of content and graphic materials by experts, and 4) piloting and evaluating effectiveness. RESULTS: The identified needs were grouped into categories: 1) Identify the warning signs of suicidal behavior, in one's own and one's peers; 2) know what to do; 3) know where and how to ask for help; and 4) reduce the stigma of professional mental health care. Key content and messages were developed for the first three categories through the acronym "ESA" (By its acronym in Spanish, Listen to the warning signs, Not Only, and Professional Help), aimed at adolescents from 10 to 19 years old. The graphic identity was based on three characters and an ideologue. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of a communication campaign was developed and tested to raise awareness among adolescents about suicidal behaviors to seek help for themselves and their peers and to reduce the stigma towards suicide and mental health problems in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicidal behavior is constituted as a public health problem, and the literature is recognized extensively for enunciating risk and protection factors associated with the attempt of suicide. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the primary studies is required by systematic reviews, thus guiding decision-making regarding the design of interventions from the risk approach. The identification of the risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents and young people in Latin America studies and the evaluation of the methodological quality of the included studies were the objectives of this systematic review. The databases CUIDEN, LILACS, Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and Medline were consulted, with the results being restricted to articles in the last 10 years. A total of 3,642 documents were obtained, from which 19 studies were included. Of the studies, 52.63% (n=10) were found to have a medium internal validity level, and 57.89% (n=11) were determined to have a medium global quality level. The most frequently reported family risk factors were family dysfunction and suicide background, with other factors including the presence of mental disorder, psychoactive substances consumption, physical violence, sexual violence, and the social factor. On the other hand, the study of protective factors was found to be limited, with family functionality and support being the most frequently reported evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The prevalence of suicidal behavior in university students ranges from 14.1% to 27.9%, with suicide being the fourth leading cause of death among young people ages 15 to 29. Hopelessness, decreased self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation are among the main risk factors. Objective. To determine the effect of hopelessness, depression, anxiety, stress, drug use, and self-efficacy on suicide attempts in Mexican psychology students. Method. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was undertaken with a sample of 3,438 students from sixty-two universities accredited by the National Council for Teaching and Research in Psychology (CNEIP) from six regions in Mexico. Results. A total of 19.9% reported attempted suicide (85.1% women and 14.9% men); 36.4% drug use; 40.2% moderate to extreme stress; 50.1% anxiety, and 40.7% depression; 74.1% medium to high emotional dysregulation; 30.2% moderate to high hopelessness, and 32.9% low self-efficacy. Drug use (OR 1.897), sex (OR 1.756), anxiety (OR 1.218), hopelessness (OR 1.209), depression (OR 1.756), and stress (OR 1.050) respectively account for 17.2% of the variability of suicide attempts. Discussion and conclusion. Confirmation of the effect of the variables analyzed on the suicide attempts of psychology students underlines the importance of incorporating actions that will contribute to controlling the incidence of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a public health concern worldwide and in Mexico. It is among the top five causes of mortality among the pediatric and young adult population. This article aims to inform the health professional of updated information on the comprehensive approach to the pediatric patient admitted to the emergency department due to a suicide attempt. First, we describe relevant data on the epidemiology of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents and the main clinical presentations in which a suicide attempt should be suspected. Next, we address the risk factors and possible triggers for suicidal behavior in children and some resources to help us identify and assess children with suicidal behavior. Finally, we discuss the comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach in the emergency department. With this review, we can conclude that suicide attempt is a problem that affects children and adolescents and has increased in recent years. Health personnel must be prepared to suspect and timely detect children and adolescents with suicide attempts. Also, identify and recognize possible clinical presentations, risk factors, and possible triggering factors, and have tools that allow for a risk assessment. Being multifactorial, this issue requires multidisciplinary, stigma-free, patient-centered, and trauma-informed care. And any intervention must be accompanied by a safety and follow-up plan at the time of discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: During the last two decades, suicide rates decreased in all regions of the world, except in the region of the Americas; in Mexico, they increased especially in the group of adolescents and young people. In response to this problem, Mexico is the sixth country in the region of the Americas to develop a National Program for Suicide Prevention (PRONAPS) that addresses it from a contextual public health perspective. OBJECTIVE: To describe the structure of the National Program for Suicide Prevention in Mexico, based on the model of Integrated Health Services Networks and the tiered model of attention to suicide risk, Dynamic Model of Suicide Risk Orders (MODORIS). RELEVANCE: One of the main strategies for suicide prevention at the global level is to increase access to health services, which should be accompanied by quality care based on the approach, management and treatment of suicidality from models with clinical evidence, which can be implemented from the community to specialized health services. These actions are prioritized in PRONAPS under five central axes: intersectoral and interinstitutional organization and coordination; epidemiological surveillance; intervention; training; and research, to provide and sustain comprehensive care for people at risk of suicide. This is the first time in the country that these actions are structured and implemented in an articulated manner at an intersectoral level, so one of the main challenges of PRONAPS is to maintain its governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Suicide attempts are not explicit in all cases, and neither are the possible risk factors or triggers of these behaviors, especially in the adolescent population. Identifying them is crucial to provide comprehensive care and preventing fatal outcomes. CLINICAL CASE: A 14-year-old male patient went to the emergency department for ingesting 40 pills, initially referring it for recreational purposes. He was admitted for the management of drug poisoning. The assessments are reported: medical, social work, mental health, and through a screening of risk factors. Barriers to the identification of risk factors and suicidal behavior were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Through the analysis of this clinical case, four main barriers to identifying adolescents with suicide attempts and their main risk factors were identified. These were related to a) the knowledge and skills for the identification and registration of the suicide attempt; b) limitations to identifying potential risk factors for suicidal behavior; c) the lack of systematization for the evaluation of children and adolescents pawith suicide attempts, and d) the need for multi- and interdisciplinary collaboration and communication, sometimes inter-institutional and intersectoral, for the comprehensive care of patients with suicide attempts. In addition, the advantages of having screening instruments for the assessment of adolescents with suicide attempts and the systematization of the process were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo uses his novel La rambla paralela (2002) to expose his literary suicide (the death of his novelistic alter ego and his desire to stop writing altogether) as a form of protest towards the nonsensical nature of reality, which is frequently evidenced in Colombian society. To this end, the first section describes the role that suicide has had in Western thought and literature. Afterwards, the second section explains the reasons behind Vallejo’s critical stance in his works. Finally, the third and main section analyzes how Vallejo kills his narrative in his novel and how this act serves as the author’s most radical protest against contemporary reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The WHO made recommendations for the responsible publication of news about suicide, after the evidence of the effects of imitation of this behavior due to its inadequate transmission. The Covid-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the mental health of the human population, generating states of frank vulnerability. The main objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of news about suicide published in traditional mass media in Colombia, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2021), according to the aforementioned recommendations. Methodology: A documentary study was carried out in which the content of 92 news items on suicide was analyzed. Results: 100% of the news shows deficiencies in following the WHO recommendations, especially in taking advantage of the opportunity to educate the public about suicide (96.7%); use photographs or videos cautiously (98.9%); paying attention when reporting celebrity suicides (100%) and providing information on where to seek help (95.7%). There were differences in the follow-up of the recommendations before and during the pandemic. Discussion: Follow-up to the WHO recommendations in the transmission of news about suicide was very low, which may be a risk factor that increases the probability of occurrence of the Werther effect. Conclusions: Mass media have a high responsibility in the transmission of news about suicide and can contribute decisively in imitation but also in prevention and education about this behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Knowing the sociodemographic patterns of people who die by suicide contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon and to the development of effective preventive measures. Aim. To quantitatively describe the trend of suicides in Yucatan during 2012- 2021 and to analyze the differences in the sociodemographic profiles between men and women. Materials and methods. A total of 2,179 suicides (81% men) registered by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography were analyzed. We calculated annual suicide rates and applied a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to identify socioeconomic patterns that distinguish men and women. Results and conclusions. From 2012 to 2019, annual rates increased from 12.4/100,000 to 18.2/100,000 (46%) in men and from 2.8/100,000 to 4.2/100,000 (50%) in women. In 2021, the rate in men reached 24.3/100,000 and in women 5.3/100,000, increases of 34% and 30% respect 2019. The MCA showed that deceased persons are segregated according to their socioeconomic conditions and age. Males are present more frequently (38% vs 12%) in the "socioeconomically less favored" quadrants (no education or basic level of schooling, use of Seguro Popular or without health service, rural residence and use of indigenous language) and in the young adult category, while women are concentrated (41% vs. 19%) in the "most socioeconomically advantaged" quadrants (office work or no work, use of IMSS and higher education) and in the young adult category. In conclusion, suicide in Yucatan has increased substantially in both sexes in the last ten years. Men show less favorable socioeconomic conditions than women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Higher alcohol use and military sexual assault (MSA) are associated with increased risk of death by suicide. Risk for death by suicide is rapidly increasing among females, who report higher rates of MSA, yet actual death by suicide and alcohol use are higher among males. It is not well understood whether higher alcohol use confers greater suicide risk in male or female service members and veterans who have experienced MSA. Objective: To determine whether the association between alcohol misuse and suicide risk was moderated by biological sex in a sample of male and female service members (N = 400, 50% female) who reported MSA. Method: Participants completed surveys of alcohol use and suicide risk as well as a demographic inventory. Linear regression with an interaction term was used to determine if suicide risk differed by sex and alcohol use severity after accounting for discharge status, sexual orientation, and age. Results: Average scores on the suicide risk measure were consistent with an inpatient psychiatric sample and scores on the AUDIT-C were indicative of a probable positive screen for alcohol misuse. Suicide risk was most pronounced among males who reported higher levels of hazardous alcohol use. A sensitivity analysis examining suicide risk by sex and screening results for alcohol misuse (positive/negative) showed that men with a probable positive screen had higher suicide risk. Discussion: The current study provides novel findings on suicide risk among survivors of military sexual violence by including both male and female survivors. Interventions to decrease suicide risk following MSA may consider alcohol reduction strategies, and optimizing these interventions in males. Engaging military culture at both the US Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs to encourage more healthy alcohol consumption may mitigate this public health concern. Future research may consider how country of origin relates to these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Identify the frequency of SA cases treated in the emergency department by temporality (in the last five years) and describe the possible risk factors and possible triggers, some characteristics of the SA, and the request for care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, retrospective, and descriptive medical records review study from 2018 to 2023. RESULTS: 296 records with the diagnosis of SA were reviewed. 74% were women, 56% were late adolescents, 43% were early adolescents, and 1% were children. Every month, with the exception of January, there is an increase in cases treated by SA during the pandemic. The main risk factors and triggers were: interpersonal conflicts (64.19%), social stress (57.43%), exacerbation of a previous mental health disorder (56.08%), a history of previous IS (48.31%), parental divorce (31.42%) and experiencing different forms of violence [psychological (28.33%), sexual (18.92%) and peer violence (16.55%)]. The hours for requesting care were mainly concentrated in the evening and night shifts (79.39%). CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic, there was an increase in the number of cases treated for SA in adolescents in the emergency department and changes in the timing of presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico has alarming suicide rates among adolescents and young people. Therefore the objective of the research was to explain how depression influences the manifestation of suicidal thoughts and attempts in young people and, in addition, to know if suicides in the country vary significantly according to their sex. The CHAID classification method, simple indexes, and mean difference were used to test these assumptions. The results for Sonora, Mexico show that there is a connection between depression and the manifestation of suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescents (X2 Suicidal ideation >200, P-value < 0.01; X2 Suicidal attempt >77, P-value < 0.01). In addition, the number of youth suicides in the country from 1998 to 2021 on average is different between females and males (T-Student = 15.32, P-Value < 0.05; Mean number of suicides in males = 1150, Mean number of suicides in females = 357). We conclude a marked prevalence of depression in young people, is linked to the increase in suicides in Mexico, especially in women. This highlights the urgency of implementing gender-specific preventive strategies and promoting early awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judges have played a leading role in the decriminalization of euthanasia and assisted suicide in several countries. Since the 1990s, they have promoted the annulment or restriction of norms that punish mercy killing and assisted suicide and have contributed to the development of the ethicallegal foundations of assisted death procedures. However, in each country, the judges have attributed very different scope, nature and foundations to the right to assisted death. In this article I analyze three main differences, related to the conditions that give access to medical care, the fundamental rights that support it and its nature as a subjective right. I conclude that the right to assisted death can be, depending on the country, a privilege, an immunity or a claim, often based on different--and incompatible-- interpretations of fundamental rights and with variable applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adjustment to the unifactorial model of the four versions of the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS, ACSS-5, ACSS-8, ACSS-FAD) in its adaptation to Spanish was analized. Method: junior high school (n=368), high school (n=237) and university (n=240) students participated. Results: The ACSS-FAD model showed the best fit indices and partial factorial invariance by sex. In addition, adequate reliability (α=.77, ω=.81); Differences were found between people without a suicide attempt (M=18.05; SD=6.52; t(358)=1.87; df=358; p<.05; d=.67) and with a suicide attempt (M=21.13; SD=2.06). Conclusion: The ACSS-FAD-ES model presents adequate psychometric properties to assess the acquired capacity for suicide in the dimension that assesses the absence of fear of death in Mexican samples of adolescents and young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide had traditionally been silenced in the media until the beginning of the 21st century, when the World Health Organization (WHO) changed its recommendation not to report on it in order to disseminate this serious social problem and contribute to its prevention. Work has been done to define how and with what limits the media should report, but there are no codes dealing with social networks, which require specific treatment given their great capacity for influence. This research analyses the information on suicide published on social networks by the Spanish media with the greatest interaction on Twitter and the feedback from audiences, during the first six months of 2022, applying the different ethical codes and consulting the seven state organizations specialized in suicide. This work aims to examine the connection and interaction between the selected media and their audience in social networks, participation, the type of content created by the media and the exchange produced with their audiences. In the results, it is observed that the interaction of the audience regarding the different approaches of the media on Twitter on suicide is associated with the idea of sharing, commenting or bookmarking those messages related to prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to describe the findings of the situational diagnosis carried out at a third-level institution, to identify the needs and areas of opportunity for the attention of suicidal behaviors in children, to facilitate the transition to the changes of the new General Health Law (LGS) regarding mental health care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in three phases. First, through 40 semi-structured interviews with the personnel involved in the care of suicidal behaviors, the following were identified: 1) the areas and people involved in the care and 2) the need to provide comprehensive care. Afterward, a literature search identified six physical risks, and tours of the care areas were carried out. Finally, proposals were made to begin attention to the areas of opportunity. RESULTS: 18 areas and 35 positions of people involved in care were identified. The needs identified were: 1) Physical spaces and physical risks; 2) Systematization, processes, protocols, and care models; 3) Awareness and training of staff; 4) Generation of scientific evidence; 5) Development of prevention strategies. CONCLUSION: Various areas and positions of people were involved in the care of suicidal behaviors. The institutional needs identified were related to five categories. Having an institutional diagnosis allowed us to begin taking action to implement the new policies and perspectives included in the LGS regarding mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is a public health problem, which has increased in recent years, becoming a serious cause of mortality, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. Suicidal behavior is infrequent before adolescent years, various related factors have been described. The purpose of this work is to describe the case of a patient in school age who attempted suicide and the identified factors that might have contributed. Clinic case: Nine-year-old male attempted suicide by hanging in the bathroom, endangering his life. He received emergency attention and hospitalized in intensive care. During his hospitalization, the mental health service approached him. Amongst the factors previously associated with suicidal intent during school age and identifiable in the patient are family disintegration, symptoms of major depression episodes, reading-related learning difficulties and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The patient received treatment and follow up consultation, without showing any suicidal behavior up to this date. The patient is currently 13 years old. Conclusions: It must be recognized that children of school age can present suicidal behavior. It is important to acknowledge the factors associated with this kind of behavior, to reduce risks and provide an opportune attention and handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The suicide of a patient can affect the well-being of the therapist and their team. Specific characteristics of the suicidal clinic -for example, the low prediction inherent to suicide- of the professional -for example, gender, experience, training- and of the professional team -for example, communication problems, clinical discussion, and assessment of aspects of the clinical case. The form of the impact can range from normal reactions in the case of bereavement due to suicide to post-traumatic stress, suicidal experiences, and changes in professional performance. Some general suggestions are pointed out based on the reviewed literature for consideration within the health teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of depression as well the suicide rate in Mexico in the past years. Materials and Methods: Observational analysis through open access databases on cases of depression and mortality in Mexico between the years 2014-2021; the incidence and suicide rate were calculated along the 95% confidence interval by assuming a Poisson distribution. Results: The incidence of depression in Mexico has increased since 2014; the calculated incidence in the next years shows that this trend will continue. Females are more affected than men, while the age group most affected is people over 60 years of age. The Mexican state that registers more new cases is Durango. The suicide rate also shows an increasing trend in recent years. Conclusion: Depression is a growing health public problem. The early diagnosis of depression in Mexico is still insubstantial; then, better surveillance of this disease is necessary to properly address the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To update prior studies on the impact of Co- vid-19 on suicide in Mexico. Materials and methods. We used interrupted time-series analysis to model the national trend in monthly suicides before Covid-19 (January 1, 2010, to March 31, 2020), comparing the expected number of suicides with the observed number for the remainder of the period (April 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021). Results. We observed a 5% increase in suicides, driven by suicides among the younger females ages <44 years and among older males ages 45+. Conclusion. Since in Mexico the impact of Covid-19 on suicide depended on sex and age, tailored public health strategies may be needed to confront the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine if suicide news reports broadcasted by Peruvian television channels comply with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for reporting suicide news. Materials and methods. Quantitative and descriptive study. The unit of analysis was the suicide news broadcasted by eight Peruvian television channels during the years 2020 and 2021. News were classified into three categories: news about suicide, attempted suicide and suicide prevention. We used an evaluation instrument composed of WHO recommendations. Results. A total of 126 news reports were analyzed; but none of these complied fully with the WHO recommendations. The news reports on suicide or attempted suicide complied with 4 of 13 recommendations. Most reports complied with avoiding to publish suicide notes (97.4%); on the other hand, educating about suicide and its prevention, and not disseminating myths was the recommendation least complied with (0.9%). Suicide prevention news reports complied with 5 of 7 recommendations. . Conclusions. Suicide news reports on Peruvian television in 2020 and 2021 showed low compliance with WHO recommendations. Communication professionals have a fundamental role in suicide prevention, limiting sensitive information and disseminating helpful information. It is essential for communicators to be aware of these recommendations and for the journalism team and mental health professionals to work together in the communication of news related to suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The suicide attempt in children and young populations is a serious health problem in Cuba and the world. Objective: To characterize sociodemographic and epidemiologically the patients aged 6 and 18 with suicide attempt. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 145 children and adolescents was carried out, who were admitted to Dr. Antonio María Beguez César Southern Children Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba due to suicide attempt, during 2018. Each patient's individual medical records constituted the source of information and demographic and epidemiologic variables were selected. Results: The females showed the highest risk of suicide attempt (27.9 for each 10 000); likewise, the 15 to 18 age group (64.8%) and the psychoactive drug ingestion (84.1%) as a method to try to kill oneself, because it was easily accessible, prevailed. Family conflicts (60.6%) and the lack of family support (46.2%) were notable among the main factors associated with suicidal behavior. Conclusions: Children and adolescents in this series came from families with conflicts and domestic violence, which, along with the lack of the family support, identified in their environment, could have influenced the suicide attempt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain and three of its closest neighbours (Germany, Austria and Portugal) have recently undergone drastic legal changes regarding euthanasia and assisted suicide . Our article performs a Comparative Law analysis of the solutions adopted in each country. It seems especially relevant if we consider that, despite their apparent similarity at first sight, those solutions present significant differences among them. These differences also show some broader constitutional issues underlying the central problem, which are pointed out pending further discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the sex differences associated with the potential years of life lost due to suicide in the department of Nariño, from 2005 to 2019. Methodology: Descriptive, observational and retrospective study, in which 1686 death certificates by suicide of men and women in the department of Nariño, identified in the National Administrative Department of Statistics, were analyzed. Results: From 2005 to 2019, 1,212 suicide cases of men were observed and 474 of women. Women committed suicide at younger ages than men. 50.5% of the men had completed primary school, and 46.0% of the women, secondary school. The highest number of suicide cases of men and women occurred in the urban area (51.2% and 45.1% respectively). Poisoning was the suicide mechanism most used by women (66.7%), and for men, the highest percentage (41.7) corresponded to hanging. The annual trend of deaths by suicide was higher in men than in women. For men, the suicide rate was above 4.5 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants, while for women, it remained below 3.0. Conclusions: There was an increase in the trend of deaths in the period analyzed and the risk of dying by suicide in men was 3.9 times the risk of dying by suicide in women. The study contemplates important aspects to be addressed in suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the news coverage of suicide on Spanish public television since the beginning of the confinement, produced as a preventive measure in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed methodology has been used. The technique used is the analysis of the content of the information transmitted in the news programmes. The results show that public television pays attention to the subject of suicide by including it in its news agenda, focusing mainly on completed suicides. No relevant link between suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic as a triggering factor is perceived in the news programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The media can play an important role in suicide prevention and mental health care, especially in a country like Colombia, affected by an internal armed conflict, and with worrying cases of suicide that increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that mental health conditions were accentuated during the first year of this pandemic, with the deaths of family and friends, mandatory isolation, and the economic crisis, among others. This study examines the relationship between media reception and suicidal ideation in Colombia during this period. Methodologically, this predictive, cross-sectional, and non-experimental correlational study presents the results of a survey of Colombians aged 18 to 59 (N=660) from the three most populated regions of the country, conducted from January 1 to November 30, 2020. It was found that both frequent reception of news about deaths coronavirus, as well as the intentional search for or access to information in the media about suicide cases, acted as risk predictors of suicidal ideation. Conversely, the reception of programs that promoted or strengthened spiritual life was a protective factor against suicidal ideation. Age and physical and mental health did not influence the relationship between suicidal ideation and the reception of information about these human losses. In conclusion, the way in which a pandemic and suicide cases are journalistically covered influences suicidal ideation. Exposure to audiovisual entertainment programs could help lower the levels of suicidal ideation in contexts of a health crisis, as long as they emphasize the support networks and the reasons for living that are present in the programs that promote spiritual life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the result of the need to deepen and update the existing notions in the Colombian legal system about suicide as an insurable risk in the life insurance contract, since the current positions in Colombia are outdated with respect to other systems at the national level. international and therefore limit the autonomy of the policyholders' will, which generates an affectation to the rights especially when in life insurance contracts, insurers take the role of dominant party in imposing the rules of the game, situation that is notorious in the case of life insurance mainly with the figure of suicide, where the current regulations do not consider it insurable, since according to the insurers this figure could be taken as fraudulent, since they affirm that the intention of the policyholder with this figure is always aimed at defrauding, which is not true in all cases, since there may be another Rare motivations to make the determination to commit suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedents. Suicide is one of the most critical global public health problems affecting men, especially those who are part of a minority. Objective. To contribute to the understanding and approach to the suicide of indigenous people. Method. A systematic narrative review included scientific documents published between 2010 and 2021, collected from Science Direct, Medline, Dialnet, and Scielo databases. Other sources included published research reports and formal papers. Search keywords/strategy included "Suicide" AND "Indigenous Population" AND "Prevention" in English and Spanish combined with country names in which 63 articles and institutional documents resulted. A total of 42 met the inclusion requirements. An analytical narrative synthesis sought to identify the main findings regarding suicide prevention in indigenous people. Results. The main findings indicate that there is high vulnerability and suicidal risk in aboriginal men from different indigenous peoples in several countries worldwide since they are prone to the emission of self-injuring behaviors and death. Discussion. Preventive programs searching for integral wellbeing and interdisciplinary interventions are required. Interventions must understand and involve traditions, beliefs, cultural knowledge, and social conditions. Finally, it is necessary to carry out further investigations conducted with and by teams made up of indigenous personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was aimed to analyze the association between suicide risk and the use of coping strategies in the face of stress, in school adolescents. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 565 students from 11 schools in Montería (Córdoba, Colombia), between the ages of 15 and 17, who answered the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale and the Coping Strategies Scale modified. The results obtained show that the risk of suicide in the sample of school adolescents was 28.8%. An association was found between suicidal risk and coping strategies: emotional avoidance, religion, aggressive reaction and expression difficult to cope with. These results are useful for designing comprehensive psychological interventions aimed at promoting positive coping skills as a fundamental element in the process of coping with stress for the prevention of suicide risk in the school environment, under a multisectoral approach to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objectives: COVID-19 has had a significant emotional impact on people's lives, especially adolescents. Therefore, the aim was to assess the predictors of suicide risk during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in Ecuador by means of a longitudinal study. Method: The application of a longitudinal design with two measures: before the start of the pandemic and one year afterwards. The sample consisted of 137 adolescents between 12-18 years of age. The variables analysed were mental health, the risk of suicide and self-esteem. Statistical analyses were performed using mean comparison, correlations, QCA models and mediation models. Results: The results indicated higher levels of anxiety and stress after one year of the pandemic. In addition, a higher risk of suicide following the pandemic was observed in those adolescents with higher scores in emotional symptomatology and low self-esteem. QCA models and mediation models highlighted the importance of self-esteem as a protective variable between pre-COVID-19 suicide risk and emotional symptomatology and post-COVID-19 suicide risk. Conclusions: This study highlights adolescents' level of vulnerability to the pandemic and its significant psychological impact. It is important to detect which factors function as risks and which as protection against COVID-19 in order to implement intervention programmes that target these aspects and ensure better adolescent well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide prevention is a global imperative; however, the dissemination of universal, selective and indicated measures is not enough without evidence of their effectiveness. This review aims to show public health strategies for suicide prevention, others that have already shown to be useful, and some multicomponent programs that have given positive results in this regard. The study of suicide is relevant, but it is not possible to establish a single predictive model. Accordingly, public health strategies must be implemented based on the cultural, demographic, social and economic characteristics of the environment. Suicide prevention policies around the world contemplate various measures, but the implementation of those that are most effective in each context is required. In addition, the social actors must recognize and promote the recommendations on the subject for the effectiveness of prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 2022 claimed the lives of 49 women as a result of gender violence, while 10 men committed suicide and 9 attempted suicide in Spain. Suicide should not be considered as something separated from gender violence, as the male aggressor builds his world around the traumatic domination of the woman he defines as his own. Women who have experienced intimate partner or ex-partner violence are five times more likely to have suicidal thoughts than those who have not. Gender-based violence affects women's emotional balance, damages their mental health and is a precipitating factor for suicidal behaviour. In addition, many victims think of death as the only way out of so much suffering. In a context of anguish, depression and hopelessness, induced or provoked suicide occurs, as revealed by psychological autopsies that determine the causal relationship between male abuse and self-harm. Psychological experts must explain the process of mental colonisation, coercive persuasion and paradoxical adaptation syndrome. It is also necessary to point out myths and misconceptions, such as that love can do everything or that there is an obligation to control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide-loss survivors (SLSs) are recognised as an at-risk population for several psychiatric complications, including complicated grief (CG) and depression (SI). However, whereas shame is known as one of the characteristics of this population, knowledge about possible psychological processes which may moderate the contribution of shame levels to CG and depression in the aftermath of suicide loss is sparse. This study examines the role of self-disclosure – the inclination to share personal information with others – as a possible moderator of the associations of shame with CG and shame with depression over time. Method: Participants were 152 suicide-loss survivors, aged 18–70, who completed questionnaires tapping CG and depression at three time points (T1- index measurement, T2-two years after T1. and T3-four years after T1) and questionnaires tapping shame and SD at T3. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that shame significantly and positively contributed to CG at T3 and to depression at T3, beyond the CG/depression trajectories. Notably, two significant interactions were found: Self-disclosure moderated the contribution of shame to CG at T3 and to depression at T3. At lower self-disclosure levels, shame's contribution to CG and depression was higher. Conclusion: The study's findings highlight shame as a significant facilitator of CG and depression in the aftermath of suicide loss. Moreover, the role of interpersonal interaction on SLSs' distress levels and grieving process was underscored, as this interaction may serve as a buffer against the deleterious sequelae of the suicide of a loved one. Shame significantly and positively contributed to CG and depression at trajectories. Self-disclosure moderated the contribution of shame to CG and depression at T3 beyond their natural trajectories. Interpersonal activities may serve as a buffer against the deleterious effects of suicide in the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reports of suicidal behavior have increased in Mexico for years. In order to develop a more adequate suicide prevention strategy, it is necessary to understand its predictive factors, so the purpose of this research was to propose a model of suicidal risk in young people, taking into account one of the most current theories on the subject, Joiner’s interpersonal theory. Method: A non-probabilistic sample of young people with suicidal ideation from three regions of Mexico was obtained by online survey (N=411), with mean age of 17.89 years (SD. 1.2), 336 women (81.8%), and 75 men (18.2%). Results: First, a multiple linear regression model was created to predict suicidal risk based on thwarted belongingness and perceived burden with 17% explained variance; then a second model was generated with the same variables and including other factors associated with suicide such as self-injury desires, impulsivity and suicide attempts, in addition to variables associated with family conflicts, improving the explained variance to 34%. Lastly, two properly adjusted structural equation models were obtained, one focused on suicidal risk (R²=.21; RMSEA=.026; CFI=.99) and the other on ideation (R²=.18; RMSEA=.070; CFI=.98). Conclusions: The main factors that explain suicidal risk are depressive symptoms, perceived burden and desires for self-injury. Further research on the effect of painful experiences as factors that could predict suicide attempt is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the efforts and disappointing results in the prevention of suicide in adolescence. Despite advances in understanding and prevention, suicide rates have not decreased. The increase in suicide cases among individuals under 20 years old, especially in adolescence, is highlighted. The harmful influence of screens on suicide prevention is mentioned, through five interconnected pathways. It is suggested that the best universal intervention is to prohibit mobile phones during this stage and strictly regulate the use of other screens. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the provisions ex art. 143 bis and 156 ter of the Spanish Criminal Code, which criminalize public distribution on the Internet and other platforms of content specifically aimed to promoting suicide or self-harm of minors or disabled persons in need of special protection. These precepts will be put in relation to the limiting principles of ius puniendi, exploring from a political-criminal perspective with which of them may be in contradiction with. On the other hand, some material interpretative criteria of objective imputation will be offered to provide them with greater legitimacy and respect for these limiting principles so that these crimes are in accordance with the guidelines of a social and democratic rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the most influential variables of suicidal behaviour in prisons in Europe are identified. To this end, a literature search was conducted from 2010 in the databases of Web of Science (Core Collection), Scopus, Psicodoc and the ProQuest platform (PsycExtra, Psychology Database, PsycArticle, Criminology Collection, and PsycINFO), selecting articles and reviews, with samples of adult inmates with suicidal behaviour. Articles with samples of juveniles, non-prisoners and non-European prisons were excluded. The results obtained with 8,468 inmates describe prior history as the most relevant risk factor for suicide, with family support being the most relevant protective factor. There is insufficient research on the influence of gender on suicidal behaviour, as well as a scarcity of studies with a sufficient sample of inmates from different European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most extreme form of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is female intimate partner homicide (female IPH). The main goal of this study was to analyze the prevalence of psychopathy in a sample of Spanish male offenders of female IPH. This study also aimed to examine the relationship between psychopathy and committing suicide after female IPH in a sample of 76 Spanish male offenders of female IPH. We examined the presence or lack of psychopathic traits or psychopathy itself, using the two factors and four facets of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Applying this procedure, we obtained a series of descriptive statistics and frequencies, to which we applied Student's t-test and variance analyses. We found a low prevalence of subjects diagnosed as psychopath at a cut-off score equal or greater than 30 on the PCL-R, but a higher prevalence was found with a cut-off score of 25. The presence of factor I traits (personality and interpersonal characteristics) was greater than factor II (impulsive and antisocial behavior) among female IPH offenders. Higher scores on factor II and lower on factor I were related to an increased risk of suicide after committing female IPH. The study data support international research showing a significant presence of factor I traits (e.g., callousness and lack of empathy) among IPH offenders. Also, these data support that those male offenders of female IPH who presents characteristics of impulsivity and antisocial behavior do tend to commit suicide more frequently after committing female IPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: this work seeks to characterize the behavior related to suicide in the population admitted to the Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Rionegro, with an overdose of acetaminophen between January 2019 and December 2020, and to identify factors associated with the toxic dose. Methodology: descriptive analysis with information obtained from medical records. Results: 63 individuals presented acute ingestion of a toxic dose of acetaminophen as behavior related to suicide. Forty-three were women, 60% had a history of psychiatric illness, 35% reported at least one previous suicide attempt, and 22% consumed 25g or more. Acute liver injury was associated with a toxic dose. Conclusions: we evidenced a high prevalence of a history of psychiatric illness and behavior related to suicide; almost a third of the patients ingested doses greater than the risk threshold for liver failure. In addition, impulsiveness and eating at home suggests that restrictive public policies may not have an impact on reducing these events in the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with depression and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at greater risk of developing dementia. Depression involves a higher risk of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) could help to clarify the role of depression and SI in AD. Method: Fifty-nine participants aged > 50 with criteria of MCI positive (MCI-AD) (n=22) and negative (MCI-Non AD) (n=24) AD and healthy controls (HC) (n=13) were evaluated. We used the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) and the GDS-SI factor to measure depression and indirect risk for suicide, respectively. Additionally, AD biomarkers such as amyloid-ß (Aß), hyperphosphorilated tau (P-tau), and total tau (T-tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed. Results: No significant differences between the groups were found in depression. However, in the MCI-AD group, lower P-tau and T-tau levels were related to higher GDS-SI scores, suggesting that MCI-AD patients with lower AD pathology are at a higher risk of suicide. Conclusions: The result highlights the importance of considering SI in the initial phases of AD, and the potential role of AD biomarkers in early detection of symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the increasing number of internet users, it becomes feasible to identify individuals at high risk of suicide and then carry out online suicide prevention. At the same time, online suicide prevention volunteers may encounter moral distress, which requires more attention. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experience of moral distress in online suicide prevention. Method: The study was carried out as a qualitative study following the method of phenomenology. 11 interviewers were recruited through the purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth face-to-face interviews. Colaizzi's phenomenological framework was used for data analysis. Results: All participants reported they encountered moral distress during online suicide prevention. Four themes were condensed, including: "constraints from the surrounding," "be cruel to be kind," "baby spoiled by free milk," and "when face death and depression" Participants also described their emotional experiences and response when they encountered moral distress. Conclusion: Moral distress in the process of online suicide prevention exists. More attention should be paid to the moral distress and ethical issues in online suicide prevention as the internet gradually becomes a brand-new way to prevent suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to investigate through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and argumentation the way in which the philosophical positions that support the idea of suicide based on freedom are expressed. Suicide is one of the contemporary human problems addressed by both science and philosophy. We will use three four corpus of text for the analysis: one from Mainländer, two from Schopenhauer, and we will close with a fragment of the lyrics of the rap Suicide Note, by Porta, which reflects the emotions of a suicide, and which can become a subliminal message for disturbed young people, according to experts on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study sought to analyze psychosocial factors (sociodemographic characteristics, primary diagnosis, method of the attempt, cognition, and behavior) in relation to the number of suicide attempts in patients with a diagnosed mental illness who received care at Hospital Mental de Antioquia, from 2014 to 2016. We also had the objective of evaluating the associative relationship of such factors in recurrence per attempt. Methodology: Cross-sectional study that analyzes the abovementioned association in 248 people with diagnosed mental disorders. To this end, we first describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile; then, a multivariate logistic regression model is constructed to assess the association of psychosocial factors with the risk of recurrence per attempt. Results: The population was mainly young (12-20 years old) and female (62.9%), with a recurrence rate of 40%. Among the most relevant findings, there is a higher proportion of psychoactive substance use and low family/social support in patients with four episodes compared to those with one attempt. Predictors explaining the risk of suicide attempt recurrence were recurrent depression, little psychiatric follow-up, and the use of less lethal methods (wrist cutting). Conclusion: These results are key in the context of suicide prevention, as they identify factors that contribute to an increased number of suicide attempts and their recurrence, and they coincide with the time window for beginning surveillance of events in the Colombian system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify the cultural knowledge of suicide that children have in middle childhood, how they know about it, what causes may they attribute to it, the associated emotions and their beliefs for its prevention. Methodology. A total of 59 urban boys and girls between 8 and 11 years old from Guadalajara, Mexico, were interviewed. Results. Most of the participants knew the meaning of the word suicide. They obtained knowledge of suicide through content on the Internet and television. Likewise, the emotional problems in children, emotional abuse in the family and bullying were placed as causes of child suicide. The associated emotions were sadness, anger, and fear. They considered that suicide prevention could be through greater understanding towards the child, greater coexistence, monitoring those at risk of suicide and physically preventing it. Conclusions. It is possible to propose culturally appropriate prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]