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Context: Hip and groin injuries are common in field sports such as football, with measurement of hip strength and range of motion (ROM) recommended for assessment of these conditions. We aimed to report hip strength, hip ROM, and functional task performance in young elite Australian football athletes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty-eight newly drafted Australian Football League athletes completed hip abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, and flexion strength testing with an adjustable stabilized or hand-held dynamometer. Hip internal rotation and external rotation, bent knee fall out, and ankle dorsiflexion ROM were also measured. Players completed hop for distance, side bridge, and star excursion balance functional tests. We compared findings between the dominant and nondominant limbs. Results: We found small deficits unlikely to be clinically meaningful in the dominant limb for hip abduction and adduction strength, and a small deficit in the nondominant limb for external rotation strength and side bridge time. Athletes had lower hip internal rotation (mean difference 2.56°; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 4.26) and total rotation ROM (2.03°; 95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 4.01) on the dominant limb. Conclusions: There were no meaningful differences between dominant and nondominant limbs for hip strength, ROM, or functional tests. Our results may be used for benchmarking young male Australian football athletes when targeting optimal strength and returning from injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of Position-Specific Physiotherapy Training on Agility, Speed endurance, and Balance in Indian Football Players. Around 70 football players were approached of which 48 gave consent to participate, and further 30 players sufficing inclusion criteria were recruited. They were divided into three groups, Forwards (Group A, n = 10), Defenders (Group B, n = 10), and Control (Group C, n = 10), according to their On-field Position. These participants underwent Position Specific Physiotherapy Training for 4 weeks. Significant improvement was noted in the Agility of Group A (p ≤ 0.001) and Group B (p ≤ 0.001) as compared to Group C (p = 0.071). Speed Endurance improved for Group A (p ≤0.001) and Group B (p ≤ 0.001) as compared to Group C (p = 0.111). Fatigue Index of Group A (p ≤ 0.001) and Group B (p ≤ 0.001) improved significantly as compared to Group C (p = 0.383). The Balance of Group A (p = 0.0063) and Group B (p = 0.0019) improved significantly as compared to Group C (p = 0.0632). Position-Specific Physiotherapy Training was found to be effective in improving Agility, Speed endurance, and Balance ability of the Indian Football Players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential purpose of this research study is to determine the psychological factors influencing injury rehabilitation also the return to sport. This research study depends upon primary data analysis to determine whether the research used SPSS software and generated informative results related to them. The research describes the systematic review to determine the research used descriptive statistic analysis, correlation coefficients, and regression analysis; it also explains the ANOVA model between psychological factors and injury rehabilitation and sports return. Remember that each individual's return- to-sport schedule and procedure will vary based on the nature and severity of the injury, as well as individual circumstances. Consulting with a healthcare specialist and working closely with a competent sports rehabilitation team can help you design a specific strategy for a safe and successful return to sport. The overall research study found that there are positive and significant influence psychological factors in injury rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential aim of this research study is to determine the role of psychological resilience in athletic injury recovery also that performance. This research study is based on the primary data analysis for measuring the research study using questions wise data and measuring the analysis through smart PLS software and generating informative results. The descriptive statistic analysis, the indicator correlation, the significant analysis, and the co-linearity statistic analysis between them. The result also presents that smart PLS Algorithm model between dependent and independent variables. Psychological resilience is the main independent and, injury recovery shows a mediator role, and performance is the main dependent variable. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted nature of cerebral adaptability in the environment of athletic injury recovery and performance. It's hoped that this knowledge informs the development of effective interventions and strategies to enhance cerebral adaptability in athletes, eventually leading to bettered recovery issues and long-term success in sports. The overall research study found positive and significant links between psychological resilience and injury recovery and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Female soccer players have a higher anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rate than male players, possibly due to sex-specific intrinsic risk factors. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and the Step-Down Test (SDT) have been used for screening the ACL injury risk, but the performance of adult soccer players in these field-based tests remains unclear. Purpose: To compare the performance of well-conditioned male and female soccer players on two field-based tests for screening the ACL injury risk: the LESS and the SDT. Methods: Sixty-seven soccer players from first state division teams were part of this study: 36 men (20 ± 1 years) and 31 women (21 ± 2 years). All players had no ACL injury history, and performed both tests in their clubs' facilities. Results: No significant difference between groups was found for total score on the LESS [male = 2.56 ± 1.25 (2.14; 2.98); female = 2.81 ± 1.64 (2.21; 3.41); p = 0.779] or the SDT [male = 2.61 ± 1.02 (2.26; 2.96); female = 2.97 ± 0.95 (2.62; 3.32); p = 0.280]. A greater percentage of females counted "errors" related to knee medialization and trunk-flexion displacement during LESS execution, while males failed more often in relation to foot positioning. Distribution of "errors" on the SDT was similar between sexes. Conclusions: Male and female professional soccer players presented similar total scores in the LESS and the SDT. However, female players seem to present some landing features potentially harmful to the ACL (related to dynamic knee valgus and poor trunk-flexion displacement) more often than males. Level of evidence: 3a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the biopsychosocial model of sport injury rehabilitation (Brewer, Andersen, & Van Raalte, 2002) is one of the most comprehensive frameworks to address athletes' postinjury responses, there has been little research centralizing the myriad of cultural factors (e.g., nationality, ethnicity, socioeconomic status) that can impact psychological, social/contextual, and biological factors that, in turn, impact athletes' recovery. The purpose of the current study was to explore high-level South Korean athletes' experiences of injury and rehabilitation. Retrospective semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 retired high-level South Korean athletes. Employing Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methodology (Hill, 2012), four domains were constructed from the data: (a) Experience of the South Korean Sport System, (b) Immediate Post-Injury Perceptions, (c) Experience of Recovery Process, and (d) Post-Injury Reflections. The findings indicated that participants' experiences of the forced hierarchy and power dynamics within the South Korean athletic specialist system influenced perceived sport injury rehabilitation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While research and scholarship on the dynamic interconnections between sport and health has steadily grown in the sociocultural study of sport in the past few decades, this paper focuses more directly on the politics of health within sport. Drawing on a small study of the lived experiences and understandings of health, pain/injury, risk and precaution among 12 male and female high performance youth (16-19 years of age) triathletes and three coaches, we outline the ways in which health becomes depoliticized among high performance athletes as our participants made no connection to health as a political phenomenon—within or outside of sport—or to their own right to health as members of the high performance sport community. We conclude by offering some suggestions as to why health was (and is) rendered apolitical in high performance youth triathlon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a guide for athletic trainers (ATs) to evaluating and managing chronic shoulder conditions in athletes. It emphasizes the need for ATs to acquire a thorough history of the condition, including the mechanism of injury, specific location of symptoms and quantification of pain level. It explains how posture contributes to the athlete's susceptibility to shoulder injury. It suggests joint mobilization techniques when capsular restrictions are evident in order to restore normal motion.

The article focuses on the development of clinical prediction rules (CPRs) in athletic training and sports therapy. CPRs quantify the probability of a patient's diagnosis, establish a prognosis, indicate injury severity and identify an appropriate treatment plan. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and CPR accuracy and utility are also discussed.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial effects of scapular mobilization (SM) on shoulder range of motion (ROM), scapular upward rotation, pain, and function. Design: Pretest-posttest for 3 groups (SM, sham, and control). Setting: A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the initial effect of the SM at a sports physiotherapy clinic. Participants: 39 subjects (22 women, 17 men; mean age 54.30 ± 14.16 y, age range 20-77 y). Interventions: A visual analog scale, ROM, scapular upward rotation, and function were assessed before and just after SM. SM (n = 13) consisted of the application of superoinferior gliding, rotations, and distraction to the scapula. The sham (n = 13) condition replicated the treatment condition except for the hand positioning. The control group (n = 13) did not undergo any physiotherapy and rehabilitation program. Main Outcome Measures: Pain severity was assessed with a visual analog scale. Scapular upward rotation was measured with a baseline digital inclinometer. Constant Shoulder Score (CSS) was used to measure shoulder function. Results: After SM, we found significant improvements for shoulder ROM, scapular upward rotation, and CSS between pretreatment and posttreatment compared with the sham and control groups. In the sham group, shoulder-ROM values increased or decreased for the shoulder and scapular upward rotation was not changed. Pain, ROM, and physical function of the shoulder were not significantly different in the sham group than in controls (P > .05). Conclusions: SM may be a useful manual therapy technique to apply to participants with a painful limitation of the shoulder. SM increases ROM and decreases pain intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the reasons for using a preassessment tool prior to beginning injury rehabilitation with athletes. The preassessment tool helps to determine the extent of any psychological trauma that can occur with sports injuries. Elevated stress levels, depression, and impaired self-image can make it difficult for many athletes to cope with and recover from injuries. The preassessment tool helps to determine if injured athletes are psychologically ready to begin rehabilitation.

Context: Structural and coronal-plane-alignment characteristics of the lower limb are frequently cited as factors contributing to knee pathologies. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability characteristics of a digital-photographic-goniometric method (DPGM) of measurement for 2-dimensional (2D) coronal-plane lower limb measurements of the quadriceps (Q) angle, tibiofemoral (TF) angle, and femur length in human participants adopting a self-selected- or Rombergstance position. Design: Reliability study. Setting: University motion-analysis laboratory. Participants: A convenience sample of 20 healthy young adult men and women. Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), 95% confidence intervals, and standard error of the measurements. Results: Intratester- and intertester-reliability coefficients for the Q angle (ICCs .458-845 and .257-737) were consistently lower than those for the TF angle (ICCs .627-904 and .700-839) or femur length (ICCs .867-958 and .866-.944). Q angles were also significantly larger (13.4%) in the Romberg- vs self-selected-stance position (P < .001) and larger (20.2%) in the left limb than the right limb. Conclusions: The DPGM has the potential to produce accurate and reliable measurements of selected 2D lower limb measures. However, the reliability characteristics depend on the ability of the testers to correctly and repeatably landmark the anatomical sites used to define the measurements of interest and might be influenced by other factors such as the stance position adopted, the complexity of the variable (ie, number of anatomical landmarks and segments), and the size of the captured image. Further investigation of these latter factors is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Self-myofascial release (SMR) is a technique used to treat myofascial restrictions and restore soft-tissue extensibility. Purpose: To determine whether the pressure and contact area on the lateral thigh differ between a Multilevel rigid roller (MRR) and a Bio-Foam roller (BFR) for participants performing SMR. Participants: Ten healthy young men and women. Methods: Participants performed an SMR technique on the lateral thigh using both myofascial rollers. Thin-film pressure sensels recorded pressure and contact area during each SMR trial. Results: Mean sensel pressure exerted on the soft tissue of the lateral thigh by the MRR (51.8 ± 10.7 kPa) was significantly (P < .001) greater than that of the conventional BFR (33.4 ± 6.4 kPa). Mean contact area of the MRR (47.0 ± 16.1 cm²) was significantly (P < .005) less than that of the BFR (68.4 ± 25.3 cm²). Conclusion: The significantly higher pressure and isolated contact area with the MRR suggest a potential benefit in SMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are numerous ways to overload the scapular stabilizers. Objectives: To assess scapular stabilizer activity using the Bodyblade and other traditional training devices. Design: Repeated measures analysis of surface EMG data collected from the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA) during shoulder flexion and abduction using Bodyblade®, cuff weight, and Thera-Band resistance. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Thirty collegiate athletes (20. 0 ± 1. 7 years). Intervention: Participants performed 10 repetitions of shoulder flexion and abduction. Main Outcome Measures: For each movement, normalized root mean square values (NrmsEMG) were computed for each muscle during each repetition under each training condition. Data were analyzed using 3 (condition) x 10 (repetition) repeated measures ANOVAs. Results: During shoulder flexion and abduction, the NrmsEMG of the UT, LT, and SA were significantly greater when using the Bodyblade than the Thera-Band or cuff weight. Conclusion: The Bodyblade produces greater scapular activity than traditional resistance techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throwing injuries. Objective: To study the effects of posterior capsule tightness on humeral head position in late cocking simulation. Design: Eight fresh frozen shoulders were placed in position of "late cocking," 90 degrees abduction, and 10 degrees adduction and maximal external rotation. 3D measurements of humeral head relationship to the glenoid were taken with an infrared motion sensor, both before and after suture plication of the posterior capsule. Plications of 20% posterior/inferior capsule and 20% entire posterior capsule were performed, followed by plications of 40% of the posterior/inferior capsule and 40% entire posterior capsule. Setting: Cadaver Lab. Intervention: Posterior capsular placation. Main Outcome Measures: Humeral head position. Results: 40%, but not 20%, posterior/inferior and posterior plications demonstrated a trend to increased posterior-superior humeral head translation relative to controls. Conclusion: Surgically created posterior capsular tightness of the glenohumeral joint demonstrated a nonsignificant trend to increased posterior/superior humeral head translation in the late cocking position of throwing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretching prior to activity or as a rehabilitative intervention may promote increased throwing shoulder range of motion (ROM) in baseball pitchers. Objective: To evaluate the acute effects of Fauls modified passive stretching routine on throwing shoulder mobility in collegiate baseball players. Design: Repeated measures. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Thirty collegiate baseball players with unimpaired shoulders. Interventions: Fauls modified passive stretching routine was performed on the throwing shoulder of each subject. Outcome Measures: Shoulder complex and passive isolated glenohumeral internal and external rotation ROM were measured with a goniometer, and posterior shoulder tightness was assessed with the Tyler'stest method using a carpenter's square. Measurements were made bilaterally. Results: The dominant shoulder displayed significant increases in glenohumeral and shoulder complex internal and external rotation ROM and significantly decreased posterior shoulder tightness following the stretching routine. Conclusion: Application of the Fauls modified passive shoulder stretching routine results in acute gains in throwing shoulder mobility of collegiate baseball players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of tibial rotation after ACL injury have not yet been well determined. Objective: To show whether clinical outcomes such as the amount of tibial rotation can affect functional outcomes in normal and ACL deficient knees. Design: Case control study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Twenty normal subjects (Control) and 20 subjects with ACL deficient knees (ACL). Main Outcome Measures: Tibial rotation at 30 and 90 degrees of knee flexion was measured using an inclinometer. One-legged hop, crossover hop, figure-of-eight running and 10-m running tests were used and determined the effect(s) of tibial rotation on the outcome of the functional tests. Results: There were significant between-group differences in internal and external rotation. The relationship between external tibial rotation and the figure-of-eight index was significantly negatively correlated. Conclusions: The amount of tibial rotation is greater in ACL ruptured knees than in uninjured knees, and these greater amounts of tibial rotation affected the figure-of-eight running index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on various locations throughout the United States in which athletic trainers are employed. The article offers key points on how to gain employment, specific tips on training practices, hours of work, and job skills. Additionally, the personal experiences of athletic trainers are presented.

The article discusses the role of tension in hamstring injuries and associated treatment. Hamstring related injuries are often associated with lumbar spine or hip pathology. Aggressive rehabilitation is often the most effective treatment. Neutral mobilization is one example of a therapy technique as well as stretching in a slump or a long-sitting position. Rehabilitation of minor hamstring strains include hamstring curls or multijoint exercises. Athletes that complain of posterior thigh pain need a thorough examination.

The article presents information about flexibility training. Athletic therapists usually include this type of training when they treat physically active individuals. Its purpose is to improve performance capabilities and prevent injuries. Flexibility is considered as the ability to move a joint through the range of motion, which is needed for performing an activity. In that sense, flexibility is a variable attribute, which is determined by several factors including the nature of the activity.

The article discusses ways to combat force decline across repetitions when using neuromuscular electric simulation (NMES). Athletic therapists use NMES to minimize atrophy and strength loss in players, when voluntary exercise is not possible. The contraction force during training and the resulting strength gains are correlated in NMES. Several authors on the subject have put forward the view that there is a need for a minimum force production for a positive training effect. NMES should start with forceful contractions and throughout the treatment period a high force output should be maintained.

Part III. Introduces the concept of local stabilization and its role in low back pain. Integration of core mobility testing and training into the treatment and prevention of nonspecific low back pain in athletes; Popularity of the concept of local stabilization; Importance of assessing functional movement patterns; Link between local muscle dysfunction and functional movement deficits related to nonspecific back pain.

Objective: To determine the effect of exercise on patients with patellofemoral-pain syndrome (PFPS). Patients: 29 subjects with unilateral PFPS, assigned to control, home-exercise (HE), or physical therapy (PT) group. Intervention: 8-wk exercise program. Main Outcome Measures: A knee survey, visual analog scale (VAS), and 5 weight-bearing tests. Results:MANOVA indicated an overall statistical difference between groups (P < .05). The HE and PT groups experienced less pain than control, and PT experienced less pain than HE (P< .05). in overall knee function and most weight-bearing tests, HE and PT were stronger and more functional than control (P < .05). For anteromedial lunge only PT was stronger and more functional than control (P < .05). Conclusions: intervention helps PFPS, but there appear to be no differences between home and in-clinic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides mobilization and exercise recommendations that can be employed to correct functional-movement deficits before participation in traditional core-training programs. Purpose of the functional-movement tests; Identification of mobility deficit or isolation phase; Incorporation of an new motion into partial movement patterns or integration phase; Warm-up phase designed to maintain the restored functional movement pattern.

Summarizes the best research literature examining the effectiveness of these prophylactic measures to provide guidelines for their use in the clinical practice of athletic training and therapy using statistics that are easily interpreted by the clinicians. Ankle taping and bracing; Use of an analysis known as numbers needed to treat in reducing ankle sprains; Balance training after acute ankle sprain; Relative risk reduction; Balance training for chronic ankle instability.

Reports on the applicability of electrotherapy in clinical practice for the management of athletic injuries. Contraindications of electrical stimulation; Classification of electrical currents; Goal of a certified athletic trainer who use electrotherapy.

Context: Functional ankle instability (FAI) is difficult to identify and quantify. Objective: To compare joint position sense (JPS), time to stabilization (TTS), and electromyography (EMG) of ankle musculature in recreational athletes with and without FAI. Design: Case-control compared with t tests and ANOVAs. Setting: Sports medicine research laboratory. Participants: 20 recreational athletes. Main Outcome Measures: Passive angle reproduction, TTS, and mean EMG amplitude of the tibialis anterior, peroneals, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles during single-leg-jump landing. Results: No differences in JPS or medial-lateral TTS measures between groups. Significantly longer anterior-posterior TTS (P < .05) in the unstable ankle group. The stable ankle group had significantly higher mean EMG soleus amplitude after landing (P < .05). No other significant differences were found for mean EMG amplitudes before or after landing. Conclusions: Subjects with FAI demonstrated deficits in landing stability and soleus muscle activity during landing that may represent chronic adaptive changes following injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: It has been suggested that contrast-bath therapy alters sensation and enables patients to return to exercise more quickly. Objective: To determine whether contrast-bath therapy alters sensation of pressure in the ankle. Design: A 2 × 4 × 4 factorial design with repeated measures on 2 factors. Independent variables included gender, time (preapplication and 1, 6, and 11 min postapplication), and treatment (control, cold bath, hot bath, and contrast bath). Setting: Laboratory. Participants: 12 men and 12 women, college track athletes actively engaged in preseason workouts 5-6 days/wk. Interventions: Sensation of pressure was tested preapplication and 1, 6, and 11 rain postapplication. Each treatment lasted 20 min. Main Outcome Measure: Sensation of pressure at baseline and 1, 6, and 11 min postapplication over the anterior talofibular ligament of the right ankle. Results: There was no difference between genders. Sensation of pressure was greater for the heat condition than the other 3 conditions at 1 and 6 min postapplication. During the heating condition, sensation of pressure was greater at 1 and 6 min postapplication than during preapplication. During the contrast condition, sensation of pressure was less at 6 min postapplication than during preapplication. Conclusion: Contrast- and coldbath therapy (at 13 °C) do not affect numbness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the time needed to heat hot packs to water temperature (7375 °C) in 4- and 8-pack Hydrocollator® units. Design and Setting: A 2 × 2 factorial design, with heating unit (4- or 8-pack) and number of packs added (1 or 3/7) as independent variables. Dependent variables were hot-pack and Hydrocollator-water temperatures. Measurements: Temperatures were measured with type T thermocouples interfaced with a 16-channel Isothermex™. Hydrocollator temperatures were measured with 2 thermocouples, and hot-pack temperatures, with 6 thermocouples inserted in 6 cells of a hydrated, 10- by 12-in Hydrocollator pack. Temperature was measured every 30 s for 5 min before and 45 min after pack immersion. Results: Packs warmed rapidly from ∼18 to 65-68 °C by 10 rain and to 72.5-75 °C by 20 min. Heating slowed by ∼5% when 7 packs were added to the large unit. Water temperatures decreased ∼2 °C (from ∼75 °C) after 7 packs were immersed and returned to preimmersion temperatures by 20 min. Conclusions: Rewarming is quicker than commonly believed (20-150 min) and might be a function of the number of packs being simultaneously warmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the basic principles of extremity joint mobilization using a Kaltenborn approach. Collection of information from commonly used textbooks on joint mobilization in both athletic training and physical therapy curriculums; Need for clinicians to understand joint biomechanics, application principles, indications and contra-indications.

Context: Recent literature has focused on the role of physiotherapists in addressing psychological sequelae of sport injury and rehabilitation. Objective: The study investigated sports physiotherapists' views of psychological characteristics that distinguished athletes who cope well with injury from those who cope poorly. Physiotherapists' opinions on the role of psychological skills in rehabilitation were also examined. Design: A questionnaire-based study. Participants: Participants were 150 physiotherapists who had completed, or were completing, a postgraduate sports physiotherapy program. Main Outcome Measures: The test instrument used was the Sports Physiotherapists' Views on Psychological Strategies questionnaire (adapted from Wiese et al). Results: The physiotherapists reported communication skills, a positive attitude, intrinsic motivation, and realistic goal setting as important aspects of effective rehabilitation. Conclusions: The findings are discussed in relation to physiotherapists' roles in addressing basic psychological aspects of injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taping has been showing its effect on the rehabilitation aspect with numerous reviews. However, there is lack of evidence on the effect of taping on functional performance, espectially in elite sports settings. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of taping intervention on sports-related functional performance among the elite athlete population. Online databases such as Ovid MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched. Eligibility criteria were listed as follows: (i) English, (ii) academic journal, (iii) research article, (iv) elite or professional athletes, (v) experimental research design, (vi) sport, (vii) taping, and (viii) functional performance. Specific emphases were targeted on within-subject comparison and healthy subjects. The PEDro scale was utilized for appraising on the statistical information, as well as internal and external validity. The Cohen's d effect size with 95 percent confidence intervals was used to compare taped versus not-taped condition. Nine studies were included in this review and 25 comparisons were extracted. Positive effects were found on balance performance with rigid tape, and horizontal jump performance with elastic tape. Alternatively, negative effects were found on vertical jump performance. An interesting finding was noted on the effect of taping applied after 24 h. Overall, taping could be a beneficial practice for elite sports performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assesses athletes' perceptions and understanding of injury rehabilitation programs. Factors for athletes' rehabilitation program adherence; Sports rehabilitation program initiation; Weakness in verbal instructions; Athletic characteristics necessary for meeting task demands of rehabilitation programs; Rehabilitation setting and medical professionals' reactions to athlete rehabilitation.

Discusses new anatomic and biomechanical concepts that require the rehabilitation specialist to reconsider previously accepted notions on shoulder pathophysiology and treatment. Discussion of musculotendinous-ligament complex; Scapulothoracic muscles; Rehabilitation considerations related to anatomy; Demands of overhead motion; Glenohumeral instability patients; Phases of rehabilitation.

Focuses on the role of athletic therapist on athletes with diabetes in Canada. Consistence of athlete's training schedule; Benefits of long term exercises; Management of the disease.

Focuses on the evaluating clinical skills in athletic therapy in the U.S. Importance of hands-on and technical skills in patient intervention; Level of clinical performance in students; Effectiveness of the academic and clinical curricula.

The article presents a case study of a 17-year-old female high school soccer player with bilateral medial arch pain at the beginning of the 1996 season. She had no previous history of arch pain, and no acute mechanism was suggested. Due to athlete's noncompliance with the given treatment protocol, the pain had increased and she was then advised to stop training but to maintain cardiovascular fitness. The article discusses the mechanism of medial tibial stress syndrome and its diagnosis.

The article provides information for athletic therapists with a systematic goal setting strategy that can be implemented in any rehabilitation program in the U.S. While therapists recognize that individuals do set goals during rehabilitation, it says that the use of a systematic strategy has largely been neglected. It notes that a systematic approach could enhance the athlete's commitment and motivation since it ensures that he/she becomes an active participant at every step of such strategy.

The article discusses the psychosocial aspects of sports injuries in the U.S., including an evaluation of the mind and body connections. It says that the important works in mind and body relationship have established the psychophysiological principle, which suggests that for every physiological change occurring in the body there is a corresponding change in the mental-emotional factor. It also notes that the athletic therapist must be skillful in identifying these psychosocial risk factors.

Focuses on the application of multiple, minimal stretch-shorten cycles in injury rehabilitation. Description of stretch-shorten cycle; Improvement of the active range of motion with multiple, minimal application; Benefits of stretch-shorten cycles.

Analyzes the factors contributing to effective learning for athletic therapy students. Identification of the types of learners; Discussion on learning strategies; Consideration of the precepts for adult learning.

Focuses on the popularity of computerized strength training and conditioning programs. Benefits of a computerized training program to athletic therapists; Discussion on the periodization training principles; Features of the computerized training program.

• Varied interventions were reported for LHBT tendinopathy. • Modalities dominate studies while literature reviews stress multimodal care. • Evidence gaps persist in the conservative management of LHBT tendinopathy. Shoulder pain related to pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) can be debilitating. Chronic LHBT tendinopathy is a common condition that is difficult to treat. Little consensus exists regarding the optimal approach to treating individuals with LHBT tendinopathy. To systematically scope the literature to identify and present the available information regarding physical therapist interventions used for the management of individuals with LHBT tendinopathy including types of interventions used or recommended. A scoping review of physical therapist interventions used to treat LHBT was conducted of the CINAHL, Embase, Medline, and SportDiscus databases. Full text records reporting physical therapist-based interventions in individuals with proximal LHBT pathology were included. Articles not written in English were excluded. Of the 4059 records identified, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. Interventions used to treat LHBT tendinopathy identified in quantitative studies included: extracorporeal shock wave therapy, polarized light, ultrasound, low-level laser, iontophoresis, general exercise, eccentric training, stretching, dry needling, and joint mobilization. Interventions described in literature reviews, clinical commentaries, and a Delphi study included: therapeutic modalities, manual therapy, exercise, dry needling, and patient education. This scoping review reported interventions primarily based on therapeutic modalities in quantitative studies while literature reviews, clinical commentaries, and a Delphi study described the addition of manual therapy, patient education, exercise, and dry needling. Overall, there is a dearth of evidence detailing the conservative management of LHBT tendinopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes cases of athletic pubalgia. One is the case of a 19-year-old football player who experienced groin pains after a game. He was diagnosed with athletic pubalgia and given bilateral cortisone injections on the adductor muscles and then later underwent bilateral herniorraphies with a piece of Marlex mesh placed under the external oblique, the inguinal ligament and the external oblique. The other case is about a pole vaulter who experienced a pull on the left adductor muscle and underwent rectus abdominus reattachment to the pubis.

The article discusses strategies for creating a rehabilitation climate that offers motivation and produces optimal outcomes. Two types of motivational climates are reviewed including one that emphasizes learning and one that emphasizes performance. Task, authority and recognition are strategies that can be used by athletic therapists to develop a motivational environment.

The article discusses quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS), a rare sports injury which creates shoulder pain in athletes who engage in frequent overhead motions such as tennis and baseball players. It is created by compression of the artery and nerve within the quadrilateral of the shoulder. A conservative treatment regimen involving manual therapy and restriction of overhead movements is recommended before determining if surgery is necessary.

A quiz concerning athletic therapy is presented.

The article presents an incident of cuboid syndrome in an 18-year-old female college basketball player, its diagnosis, and her treatment. Her symptoms were similar to those of a lateral ankle sprain, but did not include swelling or bruising. Pain was most severe in a weight-bearing position. The article discusses possible connections to high energy trauma to the foot and pronation. It also lists treatment options including custom-fit orthotics, foot strengthening exercises, and massage.

Introduction: Injuries are a common problem in football. To improve prevention strategies, the players' (p) and coaches' (c) views need to be disclosed as they have a strong impact on return to play decisions. The aim of this study is to reveal current opinions with regard to injury prevention and return to play strategies to introduce new strategies in elite football.Materials and Methods: In a retrospective data analysis of elite salaried football players (n = 486) and team coaches (n = 88), a detailed investigation by means of a standardized questionnaire was carried out. In a preseason period of the 2015/16 season and as part of a large interventional research project in elite salaried German football, a request about players' and team coaches' knowledge and opinions was performed. Topics such as injury prevention, return to play after injuries, the importance of screening tests, general problems of injuries in football, or the decision-making in terms of prevention and return to play in elite football were investigated.Results: The study revealed a high interest in injury prevention and screening tests among players and coaches (p 82.5%; c 99.1%). The participants of the study reported warm-up exercises (p 76.4%; c 74.7%), regeneration training (p 54.1%; c 56.3%), and core stability (p 53.8; c 70.1%) as the most important prevention methods, but the additional investigation of the teams' current daily training routine showed that the transfer is incomplete. Coaches are more familiar with scientific published warm-up programs like FIFA 11 + than players (42.5 vs. 12.6; p < 0.001). Knee injuries (p 90.7%; c 93.1%) and ACL injuries in particular were reported as the most severe and common problem in elite football. Players and coaches expressed different attitudes concerning return to play decisions. While players want to decide themselves (81.4%), team coaches consult medical advice ahead of the decision of return to play after injuries (83.5%; p < 0.001). Decisions against the doctor's recommendation are often made by both groups (p 64.4% vs. c 87.1%; p < 0.001).Conclusion: The basic knowledge of prevention and injuries is sufficient in elite football, but the transfer from theoretical knowledge to practical routine is suboptimal. The study also shows possibilities to improve the prevention process and communication between players, coaches, doctors, and physiotherapists, while there is no consent between players and coaches regarding return to play decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a great deal of controversy surrounding the efficacy and significance of sport massage as it relates to a variety of physiological and therapeutic factors. It cannot be denied, however, that massage does give an athlete a psychological boost, providing better body awareness and generating greater self-confidence. Massage can give the athlete a soothing. sedated feeling after competition or an invigorating and energetic feeling precompetition. Therefore, it is important for athletic trainers and therapists to understand and know how to perform the important components of sports massage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]