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The Tudor Chamber Books (1485–1521) are a useful, underexplored source for examining queenship. In addition to the two queen consorts, Elizabeth of York and her daughter in law, Catherine of Aragon, there is interesting coverage of Margaret and Mary Tudor who became respectively Queen of Scots and Queen of France, as well as the early years of Mary I. This article demonstrates how financial records can shed new light on pivotal moments in a royal woman's life, including childhood, betrothals and weddings, widowhood, joys such as coronation ceremonies and stresses of childbirth and infant (or even maternal) loss. It demonstrates the utility of the Chamber Books themselves and of wider financial sources in charting the lives of royal women and understanding more deeply the rhythms and responsibilities of queenship. This article is part of a research cluster in this issue on the economic power of medieval queens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A digital twin-driven lifecycle management method is proposed to monitor the lifespan of motorized spindle. The lifecycle management system is designed and developed based on the combined programming of MATLAB, ANSYS, and LabVIEW. The prediction models of lifespan are built according to the digital twin (DT) data of thermal characteristics of the motorized spindle. The DT for thermal characteristics is realized through correcting the thermal boundary conditions according to the correction models which are established according to the measured and simulated temperatures at thermal key points. The temperature domain and threshold models of the cooling channel are constructed using the exponential fitting method to monitor the working status of the cooling system. The experimental results show that the DT-driven lifecycle management system can effectively monitor the status and remaining useful life of the motorized spindle, which provides a basis for the lifecycle management of the motorized spindle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meloidogyne graminicola poses a significant threat to global rice production, causing yield losses between 17% and 30%. This study aims to elucidate the effects of temperature on the embryonic and post-embryonic development of M. graminicola. The egg shape index (ESI) of M. graminicola was determined, revealing that most eggs were ellipsoidal with an average ESI of 39.10 ± 1.3 μm. Embryogenesis at 28 ± 2℃ was characterized by rapid cellular division, with the development progressing from a single-cell stage to a multi-cell stage within 29 h. The first-stage juvenile (J1) emerged after 159–162 h, and hatching occurred at around 292–295 h at 28 ± 2℃. At 17 ± 2℃, embryonic development was slower, with J2 emerging after 552–554 h and hatching at 561–570 h. No development was observed at 6 ± 2℃ and 40℃, with embryos arrested at the blastula and two-cell stages, respectively. The lifecycle of M. graminicola was completed in 14–16 days at 28 ± 2℃, while it took 35–36 days at 17 ± 2℃, highlighting the significant influence of temperature on nematode development. At the higher temperature, J2 penetrated rice roots within 24 h and developed into egg-laying adults by day 16. At the lower temperature, penetration occurred on day 6, with adult females forming by day 28. The study highlights the significant impact of temperature on the development and lifecycle of M. graminicola, providing insights into its biology and thermal requirements in paddy. These findings are crucial for understanding the nematode’s adaptability and may inform strategies for managing M. graminicola infestations in rice cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram‐negative anaerobic bacterium recognized for its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. This review covers an overview of the virulence factors and lifecycle stages of P. gingivalis, with a specific focus on attachment and colonization, biofilm formation, growth and multiplication, dormancy survival and dissemination. Additionally, we explore the significance of inter‐bacterial cross‐feeding within biofilms. Furthermore, we discuss potential phytochemical‐based strategies to target P. gingivalis, including the use of curcumin, apigenin, quercetin and resveratrol. Understanding the virulence factors and lifecycle stages of P. gingivalis, along with the promising phytochemical‐based interventions, holds promise for advancing strategies in periodontal disease management and oral health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has drawn attention to states' backlash against international organizations (IOs), including whether member state withdrawals affect the longevity of IOs. We therefore ask when do member state withdrawals lead to the death of IOs? We are skeptical of a general link between withdrawal and IO death because on average, any one member is not critical for the survival of an IO. Also, withdrawal is often driven by one member state's preferences diverging from remaining members; these remaining states may band together after withdrawal, ensuring or even enhancing the longevity of the IO. Even withdrawal by several states may not contribute to IO death because a smaller group of remaining members may better overcome collective action challenges. Nonetheless, exit by an important member may affect IO survival by removing resources, market power, and guidance. We test these arguments using survival models on an original dataset of withdrawals across 532 IOs from 1909 to 2014/2020 and illustrate the dynamics with case vignettes. The results support our arguments: withdrawals in general do not lead to IO death but the withdrawal of founding members can speed IO death. Interestingly, withdrawal by economically powerful states seems to facilitate IO survival (often through reform and/or re-entry). These findings contribute to a better understanding of the lifecycle of IOs as well as to the resilience and vulnerabilities of international cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species of the adaptive male–female sex ratio has different effects on the bio-community. This paper is aimed at figuring out these effects through mechanism analysis and Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). Hence, the ODE environmental model is created by combining the Lotka–Volterra model, the interspecific model, and other external factors. The stability is used to characterize these effects. According to this model, effects on bio-community stability under different male–female sex ratios are roughly observed. By innovatively considering different living environments during the species' lifecycle, the ODE environmental model is optimized, and the effects of different male–female sex ratios on the bio-community are further analyzed by phase-track maps and relative standard deviation. It is found that there are different findings and features in resource-rich and resource-scarce living environments during the lifecycle. Meanwhile, bio-communities in these two types of environments are in a stable state based on different male–female sex ratios. Based on these findings, directive opinions can be used to manage and help relevant bio-communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We approach the questions, what part of evolutionary change results from selection, and what is the adaptive information flow into a population undergoing selection, as a problem of quantifying the divergence of typical trajectories realized under selection from the expected dynamics of their counterparts under a null stochastic-process model representing the absence of selection. This approach starts with a formulation of adaptation in terms of information and from that identifies selection from the genetic parameters that generate information flow; it is the reverse of a historical approach that defines selection in terms of fitness, and then identifies adaptive characters as those amplified in relative frequency by fitness. Adaptive information is a relative entropy on distributions of histories computed directly from the generators of stochastic evolutionary population processes, which in large population limits can be approximated by its leading exponential dependence as a large-deviation function. We study a particular class of generators that represent the genetic dependence of explicit transitions around reproductive cycles in terms of stoichiometry, familiar from chemical reaction networks. Following Smith (2023), which showed that partitioning evolutionary events among genetically distinct realizations of lifecycles yields a more consistent causal analysis through the Price equation than the construction from units of selection and fitness, here we show that it likewise yields more complete evolutionary information measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Technological advancements, improved surgical access, and heightened demand for surgery have fueled unprecedented device and supply turnover impelling wealthy hospitals to upgrade continually and sell, donate, recycle, or dispose of used, expired, antiquated, or surplus goods. This paper reviews the issues related to device and supply lifecycles and discusses the opportunities and challenges they present for sustainable surgical growth in low‐ and middle‐income (LMICs) countries. Observations: This review found, in LMICs countries, regulatory disparities persist that limit effective harmonization secondary to highly variable national policies and a lack of prioritized enforcement. Heterogeneity in the regulatory landscape, specifically in the classification, nomenclature, and identification of medical devices, encumbers effective regulation and distribution. Once devices are sold, donated, or reused in LMICs countries, complexities arise in regulatory compliance, maintenance, and appropriate use of these technologies. At the end of the lifecycle, waste management poses significant obstacles with limited resources hindering the implementation of best practices. Conclusion: There are major disparities in access to quality surgical equipment and supplies around the world. Improved communication between relevant stakeholders and harmonization of manufacture and disposal regulations will be needed to ensure adequate and appropriate responses to these challenges. Trial registration number: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we selected representative electric buses (EBs) and diesel buses as research cases, aiming to explore a localized method suitable for various vehicle types that can be implemented in any region to measure the carbon emissions of urban buses throughout the lifecycle. We take into account the influence of seasonal factors over the lifecycle. We fully consider the production, assembly, and recycling stages of vehicle systems. We construct a model for estimating CO2 emissions during the fuel cycle. We analyze and compare the impacts of the optimized power grid structure on the lifecycle CO2 emissions of the two types of buses. The results indicate that seasonal factors affect both bus types' energy consumption, with EBs being more sensitive. Carbon emissions primarily stem from manufacturing the body, chassis, and notably, the lithium‐ion batteries, with the latter having a pronounced impact on EBs. A decrease in coal power generation from 71% to 21% in the grid reduced EB fuel‐cycle emissions by 70.7%. Although EBs are sensitive to seasonal factors, they still have the greatest potential for carbon reduction, depending on the proportion of clean energy in the power grid and the production processes of vehicle components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lifecycles of vehicular resistor lead in random vibration environment were analyzed in this technical note and the finite element model of a vehicular printed circuit board (PCB) was established. It is with two short edges of PCB fixed for boundary condition to simulate the actual working conditions of the vehicle driving on the road, the constrained modal analysis was simulated and experimental verification were carried out. Both the PCB and the vehicular resistor which soldered on PCB were excited vertically according to Standard GJB150. Based on simulated vibration excitation environment, the power spectral density (PSD) stress value of the resistor lead was calculated. The lifecycles of the resistor lead were calculated theoretically and were verified by following failure-oriented accelerated testing (FOAT). Finally, in order to extend the lifecycles of resistor lead, an improved solution for PCB is put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a cosmopolitan and typical necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus that infects hundreds of plant species. Because no cultivars highly resistant to S. sclerotiorum are available, managing Sclerotinia disease caused by S. sclerotiorum is still challenging. However, recent studies have demonstrated that S. sclerotiorum has a beneficial effect and can live mutualistically as an endophyte in graminaceous plants, protecting the plants against major fungal diseases. An in‐depth understanding of the schizotrophic lifestyle of S. sclerotiorum during interactions with plants under different environmental conditions will provide new strategies for controlling fungal disease. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis mechanisms of S. sclerotiorum during its attack of host plants as a destructive pathogen and discuss its lifestyle as a beneficial endophytic fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Availability model A10/A24: digital construction across the lifecycle The BIM‐based project execution in infrastructure construction, especially during the construction and maintenance phases, is currently in the testing phase. The project Availability model A10/A24 is a national pilot project by DEGES on behalf of the Autobahn GmbH commissioned by the Federal Republic of Germany, aimed at implementing performance level 1 of the Digital Design and Construction Roadmap. It is the first project that seamlessly integrates design, construction and maintenance through BIM, extending beyond existing pilot projects. The clearance for traffic of the project took place on November 11, 2022, between Neuruppin and Pankow. The design and construction phases were consistently executed with BIM for specific section. Over the next 25 years, the maintenance phase will be conducted based on the handover model, including condition data, damages, and maintenance measures. The following presents insights from the implementation and execution of the BIM project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional view of vitamins reflects a diverse group of small molecules that facilitate critical aspects of metabolism and prevent potentially fatal deficiency syndromes. However, vitamins also contribute to the shaping and maintenance of the human phenome over lifecycle and evolutionary timescales, enabling a degree of phenotypic plasticity that operates to allow adaptive responses that are appropriate to key periods of sensitivity (i.e., epigenetic response during prenatal development within the lifecycle or as an evolved response to environmental challenge over a great many lifecycles). Individually, vitamins are important, but their effect is often based on nutrient‐nutrient (vitamin‐vitamin), nutrient‐gene (vitamin‐gene), and gene‐gene interactions, and the environmental influence of shifting geophysical cycles, as well as evolving cultural practices. These ideas will be explored within what I refer to as the "adaptive vitome (vitomics)" paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of circular products is gaining relevance among academics, practitioners, and industry as a critical step to face material scarcity, the unsustainability of industrial processes, and excessive waste generation. Therefore, product design is a powerful research field to promote material, component, and product circularity throughout several lifecycles. However, there is a lack of formal methods to measure the circularity of products, especially from the early design stages. Therefore, this paper proposes a diagnostic tool for measuring circularity, identifying potential improvement opportunities, and redesigning interventions in the conceptual design phase. The tool consists of eight single indicators that measure disassemblability, reassemblability, durability, modularity, simplicity, standardization, commonality, relative costs, and the number of secondary functions of products. A case study is presented to validate the tool, considering several improvement scenarios around the 6R strategies. Finally, a list of redesign interventions for each improvement scenario was assembled as a primary output of the proposed tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the problem of defining selection and extracting the adaptive part of evolutionary change, originally formalized by Fisher and Price. Conventionally, selection and adaptation are defined through fitness attributed to genes or genotypes chosen as units of selection. The construction through fitness is known to suffer ambiguities and omissions as a theory of change due to selection. We construct an alternative framing in which units of selection and fitness are replaced as the main abstractions by formal lifecycle models and reproduction rates through genetically distinct lifecycle realizations. Graphical representations of lifecycles express relations among reproductive stages that cannot be assigned to any one unit of selection. The lifecycle partition refines the statistics of overall reproductive success and resolves modes of selection that fitness either excludes or distorts through additive projections. We derive the Price equation in the basis of lifecycle realizations and compare it to the conventional Price equation for additive fitness of organisms. We show how the lifecycle approach recovers fitnesses acting concurrently at multiple levels, or contrasts forms of competition within and between levels that are invisible to additive fitness. Defining selection through lifecycles recasts population genetics from an object-focused to a construction- and process-focused representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • There is considerable debate concerning species of Sarcocystis in cattle. • The history and biology of seven Sarcocystis spp. in cattle are reviewed. • Bovine eosinophilic myositis (BEM) is an inflammatory condition linked to Sarcocystis infections. • The prevalence, lesions, and etiology of BEM are reviewed. • Economic and public health aspects of bovine sarcocystosis are reviewed. Infections by Sarcocystis in cattle are ubiquitous worldwide. There is considerable debate concerning the identity of Sarcocystis spp. in cattle. Proper diagnosis of Sarcocystis spp. is important to assess their economic and public health importance. Currently there are seven named species: Sarcocystis hirsuta, Sarcocystis cruzi, Sarcocystis hominis, Sarcocystis bovifelis, arcocystis heydorni, Sarcocystis bovini and Sarcocystis rommeli. Additionally, there are unnamed Sarcocystis spp. Two species, S. hominis and S. heydorni, are zoonotic. One out of seven species (S. hirsuta, contracted from cats) forms macroscopic cysts which can be visible during carcass inspection. Current molecular characterization is based on DNA extracted from sarcocysts from naturally infected cattle because DNA was not characterized from tissues of experimentally infected cattle or feces of experimentally infected definitive hosts. Sarcocystis cruzi (transmitted via canids) is recognized as the most pathogenic species and it causes abortion, low milk yield, poor body growth, and outbreaks of clinical sarcocystosis and death. Additionally, Sarcocystis infections have been linked to an inflammatory condition of striated muscles termed bovine eosinophilic myositis (BEM). Cattle affected by BEM appear clinically normal. Diagnosis of BEM at slaughter occurs when inspecting the carcass surface, or once the carcass has been divided into prime cuts or quarters. Sex and breed have no apparent influence on prevalence of BEM. The condition evidently occurs with equal frequency in steers, cows, and heifers. Virtually all striated muscles can be affected including skeletal muscles, the muscles of the eye, larynx, and the heart. In the USA, regulations require condemnation of BEM-affected parts, or (in severe cases) the entire carcass. These aesthetic considerations result in economic losses. Cattle experimentally infected with Sarcocystis did not have BEM at slaughter. Here, we review the status of Sarcocystis spp. and BEM in cattle including prevalence, lesions, epidemiology, and association of BEM with different species of Sarcocystis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialists, businesswomen and entrepreneurs worked in, managed and financed commercial concerns from the smallest to the largest inflecting the economies of towns and villages across Scotland and indeed Europe. Despite the research of numerous historians in Scotland and elsewhere, however, several factors have led to these women being virtually invisible to modern eyes. Gender-blindness from many business historians, with notable exceptions, has created a narrative of the heroic male entrepreneur. Historically also, recording practices informed by an acceptance that men's role was to support the family and women's was to create and maintain it often assigned the role in business to the presiding male. And yet women were present and active in business as wives, widows and singletons. They were not always 'holding the fort' until a suitable male arrived on the scene. This article therefore challenges this narrative making the case that Scottish women were not only involved in business but also dominated certain sectors and that they did not necessarily withdraw from business on marriage and motherhood. These were not isolated women but part of a much larger scene. The article begins by untangling the reasons for apparent invisibility of these women, moves to a discussion of the Scottish context and how women operated within it claiming spaces as businesswomen. It then considers the lifecycle of women and how this related to their business activities and opportunities. While the focus is on Aberdeen women, and on printing and textiles especially, there were many other women running small and large businesses across Scotland. There is no doubt that using all the tools at hand and applying their acumen and building trust in the community, Scottish businesswomen were active, not especially hidden, nor invisible in the urban setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and medium-sized machine-building enterprises (SMEs) have great potential for developing the relevant sector of the economy. For the sustainable development of such enterprises under the high pressure of technologies, it is worth choosing appropriate ways of presenting and exchanging information and using modern digital services following the concept of Industry 4.0. The analysis of the conditions of internal and external sustainable development of machinebuilding SMEs identified the main logistical problems limiting the growth of competitiveness. The article highlights the perspective of using digital integration of information about product life cycle: from CAD/CAE/CAM/CAPP design to supply and sales in conditions of horizontal cooperation. Particular attention had paid to determining the role of digital 3D models in Force Majeure circumstances, which are especially acute for SMEs. The research is based on using machinebuilding products - A Mixed Flow turbine. The digital transformation tool was the mobile application for the Android platform that made it possible to read a QR code and display a 3D product model with data. The proposed solution can increase the efficiency of supply chain planning due to constantly providing information about every stage of the product lifecycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The development of effective pest management tools for the radish fly, Delia planipalpis, requires an understanding of the basic biology and reproductive behavior of this pest. In the present study, we investigated the pest's biology on radish and confirmed the identity of the pest by sequencing the COI gene. The development of immature stages lasted 32–33 days. Female flies began mating 1–4 days after emergence, whereas males attempted to mate immediately after emergence. Most females only mated once during the 4-day observation period. Females preferred to lay eggs on radish plants rather than broccoli, although this result may have been influenced by the plant used to rear the insect colony. Male and female flies lived longer when individualized (14.5–22.5 days) compared to insects that were confined in groups (10–11 days). This is the first detailed and statistically rigorous study on the basic biology of this important pest of broccoli and other cruciferous crops. Delia planipalpis (Stein) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) is a pest of crucifers, such as broccoli, radish, cauliflower, turnip and cabbage. It has been recently described in Mexico as a significant emerging pest of broccoli. Due the lack of knowledge of this pest, the present study aimed to determine its life cycle, female sexual maturation, copulation, oviposition behavior and adult longevity. The identity of the fly in Mexico was confirmed genetically by sequencing the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI). The mean development time of D. planipalpis was 32–33 days on radish at 24 °C under laboratory conditions. Females became sexually mature 1–2 days after emergence, and the highest incidence of matings was recorded on the second day (60%). Under choice conditions, D. planipalpis females preferred to oviposit on radish plants, rather than broccoli plants, possibly due to the use of radish for rearing the laboratory colony. Oviposition and the mean number of eggs laid varied among the broccoli varieties, with the highest oviposition observed on the Tlaloc variety. Repeated attempts to rear the laboratory colony on broccoli plants failed. Radish-reared insects of both sexes lived longer when individualized in the adult stage (14.5–22.5 days) than when adult flies were maintained in groups (10–11 days). This study contributes to the understanding of D. planipalpis biology and provides information that can be used to establish future control strategies against this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lifecycle of Brachymeria podagrica, a parasitic wasp with a worldwide distribution, was studied under laboratory conditions using the flesh fly, Sarcophaga dux, as a host. Two hundred parasite-free 3rd instars of S. dux were exposed for 24 h to 20 female B. podagrica. In daily intervals, maggots and later pupae were examined for developmental stages of the parasitoid. The whole pre-imaginal development at a temperature of 26 °C lasted 21 to 26 days. Three morphologically different instars, followed by a prepupal and a pupal stage, were described using light and scanning electron microscopy. In a second experiment with 100 3rd stage Sarcophaga larvae and 10 parasitoids, a total of 70 wasps emerged 20 to 25 days after exposure. Two fly larvae did not pupate and dried out, while 28 pupae contained a dry or caseous content, dead wasp imagos, or their larval stages. No fly imagines emerged from exposed groups, while all 100 unexposed larvae pupated and adults eclosed between day 12 and day 14 after the start of the experiment, while the imagoes of the parasitoids appeared 8 to 12 days later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abiotic and biotic factors influence seagrass resilience, but the strength and relative importance of the effects are rarely assessed over the complete lifecycle. This study examined the effects of abiotic (salinity, temperature, water depth) and biotic (grazing by black swans) factors on Ruppia spp. over the complete lifecycle. Structures were set up in two estuaries (– 33.637020, 115.412608) that prevented and allowed natural swan grazing of the seagrasses in May 2019, before the start of the growing season. The density of life stage(s) was measured from June 2019 when germination commenced through to January 2020 when most of the seagrass senesced. Our results showed that swans impacted some but not all life stages. Seedling densities were significantly higher in the plots that allowed natural grazing compared to the exclusion plots (e.g. 697 versus 311 seedlings per m-2), revealing an apparent benefit of swans. Swans removed ≤ 10% of seagrass vegetation but a dormant seedbank was present and new propagules were also observed. We conclude that grazing by swans provides some benefit to seagrass resilience by enhancing seedling recruitment. We further investigated the drivers of the different lifecycle stages using general additive mixed models. Higher and more variable salinity led to increased seed germination whilst temperature explained variation in seedling density and adult plant abundance. Bet-hedging strategies of R. polycarpa were revealed by our lifecycle assessment including the presence of a dormant seedbank, germinated seeds and seedlings over the 8-month study period over variable conditions (salinity 2–42 ppt; temperatures 11–28 °C). These strategies may be key determinants of resilience to emerging salinity and temperature regimes from a changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One challenge that product design has faced is the ongoing threat of obsolescence, where investment in an updated solution can quickly become irrelevant within months or years as technology advances. This phenomenon not only affects consumers, who may find themselves with quickly outdated devices but also poses a dilemma for designers and manufacturers who must balance constant innovation with sustainability and product durability. In this dynamic scenario, there arises a critical need to understand how design attributes impact obsolescence and how this relationship can influence the creation of more sustainable and resilient products. This paper develops a taxonomy of product design attributes influencing different types of obsolescence to address the research gap between product design and obsolescence. It investigates the significance of obsolescence types across product categories, the impact of design attributes on these obsolescences, and the role of design in product sustainability. Employing a theoretical framework combining product design and lifecycle analysis, the methodology includes a literature review and an expert survey to evaluate design attributes against obsolescence types. From the literature review, 21 design attributes were identified and evaluated by 26 industry and academia experts. The findings reveal distinct patterns of obsolescence in various product categories, emphasizing the influence of specific design attributes. The role of attributes such as upgradeability and compatibility in technological, functional, and planned obsolescence was highlighted. Limited familiarity with certain types of obsolescence among experts was acknowledged, underscoring the importance of raising awareness within the design community. These insights are critical to align product design with sustainability goals and challenging traditional product development practices. The study has significant implications for designers, manufacturers, and policymakers, highlighting the importance of understanding design choices in reducing obsolescence and promoting sustainable consumption. • Obsolescence and product design are formally decoupled in the literature. • Product obsolescence is related to several early design attributes. • Design attributes are identified and validated through expert-surveys. • A taxonomy of product design attributes related to obsolescence is proposed. • Design attributes properly addressed can mitigate obsolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstraction of digital building models as a basis for sensor‐based maintenance management The maintenance management of infrastructure is a challenging task. Engineering structures like roads and bridges are characterized by long service lives of 100 years and more. Within the framework of the period of use, special requirements therefore arise for a life‐cycle‐oriented data organization that records information from both planning and construction, but especially from operation. For this purpose, operators usually have building management systems at their disposal that enable building‐related data organization. The use of new digital methods, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), can support the organization of data in particular and also the processes of cooperation in maintenance. The basis is formed by object‐oriented building models, which structure semantic information and enable links to further data platforms. The article provides a contribution on how geometrically abstract building models can already be used to intelligently structure data for maintenance processes. Geometric abstraction makes it possible to efficiently generate digital building models, especially for existing buildings, and to enrich them with semantic information. This can form the basis for linking information with other data platforms or for damage localization on the digital model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced information technologies provide an opportunity to radically improve the business process of the architecture, engineering, construction, and operations (AECO) industry. The concept of interoperability, characterized as the representation of information and seamless exchange across interdisciplinary system domains, significantly influences the industry to leverage emerging digital technologies. However, just as representation and exchange contribute, an integrative method for organizing lifecycle information plays a vital role in achieving optimized interoperability. In a practical setting, breakdown structures have been used extensively to organize diverse types of project information for decades and are a vital tool for technical information integration. Nevertheless, their complex characteristics, user-specific ways of construction, and availability of heterogeneous classifications to refer to make integration less coordinated. To address this problem, this paper presents an integrative concept (named unified breakdown structure) and proves its viability. First, fundamental principles and characteristics of breakdown structures were discussed to examine their complexity. Then, an integrative concept was presented, and its viability was examined through an investigation of several cases incorporated with key assessment variables. The findings have revealed that the proposed approach is feasible enough to integrate lifecycle information and be used as a practical integration mechanism. This paper proposes an approach to integrating facility lifecycle information by introducing a separate set of breakdown structures (named primary breakdown structures). This set of structures will help keep a consistent facet (i.e., identifiers used to construct breakdown structure) across the remaining secondary breakdown structures, thus making information integration more coordinated and exchange smoother. The case analysis validates the proposed concept, showing it to be a useful approach in terms of maximizing the integration within and across disciplinary domains in the industry. For practitioners, the approach minimizes the effort and time spent translating and exchanging the complex range of facility information by keeping homogeneous facets to construct information. Furthermore, as broader data linkage through common data environments is becoming more common, the proposed approach provides a meaningful insight toward simplifying the complexity of constructing secondary breakdown structures in an integrative manner. Additionally, the introduced approach would help the industry efficiently utilize advanced technologies through the advent of optimized integration mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary : The literature on coping with loss has examined parental loss and widowhood largely independently, pointing to the enduring and developing grief along the lifecycle. Little is known about the relationship between bereaved mothers and widows as it develops over time. This qualitative study explored how bereaved mothers and widows perceived and described the unfolding relationship between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law, following the loss of a son or husband in the Israeli security forces. Interviews were conducted with ten bereaved mothers and ten non-related widows from Jewish families to explore their developing relationship with their in-laws following the loss. Findings : Thematic analysis revealed three main stages in the mother-in-law/daughter-in-law, relationship: disruption of the status quo directly after the loss; testing the relationship; and a process of decision-making, whether to continue cultivating the relationship and establish a new status quo. Participants described key events that challenged the newly created status quo, serving as milestones of difficulty and tension, but also as opportunities for renewal. Applications : The study points to the centrality of the relationship between the bereaved mother and widow in the process of coping with the loss, and reveals that this relationship is not static but rather dynamic and evolving over time. Social workers in the field of bereavement may be able to improve their effectiveness in helping families cope with loss by also considering multigenerational and longitudinal perspectives in their assessment and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the genus DolichotetranychusSayed, 1938 (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae), Dolichotetranychus babolicussp. nov. is described from Dracaena trifasciata (Asparagaceae) grown in greenhouses in northern Iran (Mazandaran province). All active life stages are described and illustrated and anomalous features noted. Photographs of its colonies and damage symptoms are presented. This is the first report of the family Tenuipalpidae on this plant genus. Additionally, some data of D. iranicusKhadem & Asadi in Safdarkhani et al. 2016 is corrected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The lesser chestnut weevil (Curcilio sayi) is an emergent pest of chestnuts in the United States. Knowledge of this weevils phenology and the ability to monitor its populations will help us understand how this pest is emerging with expanding chestnut production and provide the means to begin to mitigate its effects on chestnut production. We explored the seasonal emergence of C. sayi in upstate New York through the use of traps and soil microcosms to understand when weevils begin to emerge and when the population peaks. We found that pyramid traps are most effective for monitoring and that populations have one generation that tends to peak late in the season. We also found that generational cohorts may stagger their emergence and delay leaving the soil for more than one year. With the introduction in recent years of high-yield blight-resistant chestnut varieties, the commercial chestnut industry in the United States is expanding. Accompanying this expansion is a resurgence in a primary pest of chestnut: C. sayi, the lesser chestnut weevil. This weevil damages the nut crop and infestations can surge from 0 to close to 100% in as little as two years. Understanding the dynamics of this pest has been challenging. Most work was conducted in the 1900s and only recently has this weevil garnered renewed interest. Recent work on C. sayi phenology has been completed in Missouri but conflicted with anecdotal reports from northern growers. From 2019 to 2020, we used a combination of trapping and microcosm studies to understand both C. sayi phenology and the means of monitoring this pest. C. sayi populations were univoltine and peaked in mid-October. Pyramid traps were the most effective at capturing adult C. sayi. C. sayi larvae, pupae, eclosed adults, and emerging adults were recovered from microcosm experiments. These results suggest that C. sayi emerges later in the northern US with the potential for a single generation to emerge over multiple subsequent years. Understanding C. sayi phenology along with the means of monitoring forms the basis for effective management and control in commercial chestnut orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equipment at the end of functional life poses several challenges for manufacturing operations and long-term asset sustainability. This is even critical for semiconductor manufacturing where equipment upgrades are capital intensive with a longer return horizon. This demands an objective and quantifiable approach to manage and monitor the end-of-life health of the manufacturing systems. The paper presents a practical three-level approach that brings together engineering, operational, and supply chain factors under a single indicator. A visualization heatmap correlates equipment health to manufacturing impact for engineering and commercial decision-making. The approach is simple yet proven to be effective in fab environments. The proposed analysis applies in formulating system priorities, upgrade strategies, and capital expenditures. Brief guidance on health improvement strategies, application to new fab, and cost-based evaluation are presented for practical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, large infrastructure projects almost invariably have major delays, cost over-runs, benefit shortfalls, and generally fail to perform up to expectations. This questions the results of many models as tools for decision-making. The design and management of infrastructure systems requires making assumptions and decisions about aspects of the project that change over the project's lifetime. Thus, for real projects to meet performance objectives, it is necessary to combine short and long-term predictions with an understanding of the stakeholder's interests and decisions, which unravel as the project evolves with time. In practice, successful projects are those that better adapt to new circumstances as they materialize. Within this context, this paper discusses key elements of the decision-making process and examines the value of incorporating flexibility in the design and management of large infrastructure. It discusses the nature of flexibility, the complexities of integrating it within a project, and the gains of adopting this approach for both stakeholders and users. The ideas presented in this paper builds off of former published literature, including that by the author. At the end, the proposed approach for incorporating flexibility in infrastructure design and management is illustrated with the case of an airport design and expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Engineering (DE) must be able to maximize efficiency and update dynamically in order to keep up with the wave of global interconnection. The evolution of the Digital Twin (DT) plays a significant role in DE as it enables autonomous optimization and an iterative cycle. However, the intricacy of real-world settings renders conventional evolutionary investigations of a solitary DT inadequate in tackling intricate systems at a comprehensive lifecycle magnitude. To address this, this paper presents the Co-evolutionary DTs (CoEDT), which has several key characteristics. (1) CoEDT study the evolutionary behavior of interconnected multi-DT. (2) CoEDT use a co-evolutionary distributed system architecture and is a DT technology that integrate MBSE. (3) CoEDT offers detailed dynamic models for the complex interactions and co-evolution among multi-DT throughout the lifecycle. It also supports real time measurement of multi-DT behavior to detect system anomalies. The significance of CoEDT lies in providing a more comprehensive insight for future product development by constructing a parallel world that simulates the lifecycle. In the CoEDT, we tackle the behavioral identification and structure of these evolving multi-DT throughout product lifecycle through the following approaches. Initially, drawing inspiration from biological cytology, we have conceived a concept of Collective DTs (CollDTs) to observing a collective behavioral of multi-DT. Subsequently, we further developed CoEDT to depict co-evolutionary behavior patterns and established a co-evolution architecture for all DT throughout the lifecycle by fusing Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Then, dynamic expressions and algorithm that can measure the co-evolution of every DT are inferred using information theory. Finally, the viability of the proposed CoEDT framework is demonstrated through the development of a solid rocket engine, which promotes the application of DT in the DE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] The paper was to study the occurrence regularity and life history of cigarette beetle Lasioderrma serricorne (Fabricius) in tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop. [Methods] With the tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop as the survey site, the occurrence regularity of L. serricorne was investigated, and the life history table was inferred according to its biological characteristics. The temperature, humidity and duration of tobacco leaf threshing and redrying were simulated in the laboratory' to study the survival rate of all states of L. serricorne in this environment. [ Results] The lifecycle of L. serricorne in tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop was; the overwintering generation pupated in late February; the pupa began to emerge in early March, and reached its peak in late March. The first-generation eggs started hatching in late March, pupated in late May, emerged in early June, and reached the peak eclosion of the first-gen eration adults in mid-July. The second-generation eggs began to hatch in late July, pupated in mid-August, emerged in late August, and reached the peak e-closion of the second-generation adults in mid-September. The third-generation eggs began to hatch in mid-September; most of the larvae began to overwinter, some pupated in mid-November and survived the winter as pupae, and some pupae emerged to adults. The survival test results of different states of L. serricorne under simulated temperature, humidity and duration in the tobacco leaf threshing and redrying process showed that the mortality rates of eggs in simulated 1, 2 and 3 conditions were about 51.22%, 9Û. 24% and 100%, and the mortalities of larvae in simulated 1, 2 and 3 conditions were about 18.30%, 81.25% and 100%, respectively. The mortalities of pupae in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 69.39%, 100% and 100%, and the mortalities of adults in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively. [ Conclusions] L. serricorne of different states can be killed by appropriately raising the temperature during threshing and redrying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public–private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects progress through separate phases, with each phase subject to unique risks, thereby requiring a phase-based strategy for managing risks. To date, most research on PPP risk has emphasized phases, with an obvious neglect of the final, transfer phase (TP) of PPP projects, in which the project ownership reverts to government. This study identified and evaluated critical risk categories of the TP, using China's PPP water sector as the context of analysis. A two-stage approach was adopted, including both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Seven critical transfer risk categories (CTRCs) were identified, namely overhaul risks, contract risks, posttransfer operation risks, residual value risks, political risks, information risks, and succeeding operator risks, of which three are unique to the TP. Expert recommendations were presented for the facilitation of a smooth transfer of water PPPs in China. The findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge in PPP risk management, and the specialized research approach employed may be utilized in similar exploratory studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The offshore wind energy industry is growing at an encouraging rate, and Australia is seeking to commence offshore wind development. Although there is research on the planning and environmental risks, there is limited research addressing health and safety risks. Some scholars argue the two industries are different, while others support the application of offshore petroleum safety to wind. This article analyses whether the industries have many similarities, and whether the safety case provides the most robust safety regulatory framework for both industries, concluding that Australia's approach is a solid foundation for safety in the developing wind industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used to enhance intelligent products in the field of product design. However, ML has a never-ending lifecycle in which its capabilities and technical properties iteratively change as new annotated data are utilized. The never-ending lifecycle of ML (which includes data annotation, model training, and other steps) has led to challenges to the prototyping of ML-enhanced products and requires a high level of ML literacy in designers. To facilitate the prototyping of ML-enhanced products and improve the ML literacy of designers, we draw inspiration from a design method called Material Lifecycle Thinking (MLT), which regards ML as a continuously evolving design material. Based on the MLT, we proposed a cyclical prototype workflow and developed inML Kit, a toolkit enabling designers to make functional ML prototypes and improve ML literacy by involving them in the never-ending ML lifecycle. The toolkit was designed, iterated, and implemented through the participatory design process with experienced designers in this field. We evaluated inML Kit by conducting a controlled user study where our toolkit was compared with Google AIY. The evaluation results imply that our inML Kit helps designers to make functional ML prototypes while improving their ML literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information technology professionals often refer to DevOps as a cultural or professional movement that presents a new approach to software delivery through collaboration between the development (Dev) and the operations (Ops) teams. It is an expanding phenomenon, but its adoption in organizations is still at an embryonic stage, requiring research to clarify the benefits, challenges, and barriers to its adoption. With this objective in mind, it was carried out an in-depth study in a large telecommunications (Telco) company that decided to undertake a process of migration to DevOps. The case study involved several stakeholders and covers the DevOps’ ex-ante, adoption, and ex-post. Several important facets of DevOps are addressed in this paper, including: 1) practices (continuous delivery and continuous integration were considered the most relevant in the company), 2) benefits (from benefits stand out the improvement in the software quality and faster delivery, with fewer production failures), 3) barriers (the most significant obstacle was the resistance to change, in several dimensions), 4) success factors (the main influencing factors were top management support, implementation process and applied technology); and 5) others aspects (e.g., motivations and tools). Results provide academics and professionals with an integrated view of the condi- tions of DevOps adoption and its outcomes within organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite infections can be detrimental to not only cattle health and immunity, but also result in economic loss and poor performance. Cattle grazing in the southeast are challenged even further by the favorable environmental conditions for parasite development, especially those animals who have yet to develop an immunity to combat parasitism. To diminish potential economic and performance-based losses, many beef producers treat animals for GIN parasites with anthelmintics on a regular basis without proper diagnosis. Anthelmintic resistance(AR) develops when deworming products are overused and misused. To minimize the development of AR, selective deworming and sustainable management practices should be implemented. However, the severity of parasite burden over the production cycle needs to be better understood in beef cattle herds before recommendations can be made. Thus, the objective was to investigate the rates of GIN parasite infections through fecal egg counts (FEC) and the impact on body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS). Angus-based cattle (6 mo-13 yr, n = 1,154) on a were utilized from five different research and educational herds across North Carolina. Cattle were categorized based on their age at the start of the project as either calves (n = 446), yearling heifers (n = 205), 2 year old (n = 260), 3-5 year old (n = 501), or 6+ year old (n = 206). Starting in September, FEC, BW, and BCS were collected and analyzed every 90 d at critical production timepoints (calving, breeding, weaning, and 90d post-weaning) to monitor the severity of GIN parasite challenge. Cattle on study were not treated with anthelmintics regardless of parasite load, with the exception of calves at four of the locations at the time of weaning. All data were analyzed using Proc MIXED in SAS with repeated measures. Statistical significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05 and a trend at 0.10 > P > 0.05. Age of cattle had an impact on FEC overall (P < 0.05), however, there was no difference between FEC of mature cattle over 3 yr (4.29 ± 4.9 eggs/gm). Calves had the greatest FEC (120.59 ± 4.2 eggs/gm) while cattle 6+ yr had the least (3.68 ± 4.5 eggs/gm). Cattle age at each location affected BCS and BW (P < 0.05). Between age groups across locations, time had an impact on FEC, BW, and BCS (P < 0.05). There was also a tendency (P = 0.6) for location to impact FEC. Calf sex did not affect (P > 0.05) FEC. Further FEC analysis of cattle under 2 yrof age is required to better understand when a natural immune response to GIN parasite infections develops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate lifecycle-based environmental pollution cost analyses of a spark ignition engine fueled with a methanol-gasoline blend. In this respect, the experiments are performed at partial loads such as 25 Nm, 50 Nm, 75 Nm, 100 Nm, and full load, whereas lambda and engine speed values are constant at λ = 1 and 2000 rpm, respectively. According to calculated results, lifecycle-based environmental pollution cost analyses are considerably varying from each other. The lowest specific environmental pollution cost and total environmental pollution cost values are 3.893 US cent/kWh and $17,903.89 for methanol-gasoline test fuel at 50 Nm, respectively. In contrast to these, the lowest lifecycle specific environmental pollution cost and the lifecycle-based on total environmental pollution cost values are found to be 5.161 US cent/kWh and $13,786 for gasoline at 100 Nm and full engine load, respectively. The methanol-gasoline test fuel has higher values than gasoline in lifecycle-based specific and total environmental pollution cost at all engine loads. For instance, the average value of lifecycle-based specific and total environmental pollution cost for five loads increased by 11.63% and 11.54% because of methanol addition, respectively. Furthermore, the methanol-gasoline test fuel has longer payback, environmental payback and lifecycle-based environmental payback period values than gasoline at all engine loads. In this respect, the average value of payback, environmental payback, and lifecycle-based environmental payback period values increased by 6.65%, 6.70%, and 19.05% with the addition of methanol. The lowest system total payback period, environmental payback period and lifecycle-based environmental payback period periods are 11.66, 4.646, and 6.15 years for gasoline at full load, 50 Nm, and 100 Nm, respectively. In addition, the optimum engine load, lifecycle-based environmental pollution cost and payback period values found to be 56.48 Nm, $27,850.55, 6.42 year, for gasoline, while 54.95 Nm, $30,138.12, 7.71 year for the MG20, respectively. Interestingly, considering all the results, gasoline usually emerges as a more promising fuel in the lifecycle-based environmental pollution costs than the methanol-gasoline test fuel at all engine loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Documentary archaeology presents the challenge and opportunity for innovation in understanding the past. This article introduces the Lifecycle of Community, a flexible framework that addresses the challenge of integrating different evidentiary lines at different scales into meaningful narratives. Yama/Nagaya Village is presented as a case study to exemplify the process. The framework establishes a deeper narrative of the community, provides recommendations for future archaeological work conducted at the site as well as in artifact analysis, and contributes to the growing literature on the archaeology of a community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to successfully infect or colonize human hosts or survive changing environments, Aspergillus fumigatus needs to adapt through genetic changes or phenotypic plasticity. The genomic changes are based on the capacity of the fungus to produce genetic variation, followed by selection of the genotypes that are most fit to the new environment. Much scientific work has focused on the metabolic plasticity, biofilm formation or the particular genetic changes themselves leading to adaptation, such as antifungal resistance in the host. Recent scientific work has shown advances made in understanding the natural relevance of parasex and how both the asexual and sexual reproduction can lead to tandem repeat elongation in the target gene of the azoles: the cyp51A gene. In this review, we will explain how the fungus can generate genetic variation that can lead to adaptation. We will discuss recent advances that have been made in the understanding of the lifecycle of A. fumigatus to explain the differences observed in speed and type of mutations that are generated under different environments and how this can facilitate adaptation, such as azole-resistance selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anguillid eels are found globally in fresh, transitional and saline waters and have played an important role in human life for centuries. The population status of several species is now of significant concern. The threats to populations include direct exploitation at different life stages, blockages to migratory routes by dams and other structures, changes in river basin management that impact habitat carrying capacity and suitability, pollution, climate change, diseases and parasites. While much has been done to understand eel biology and ecology, a major challenge is to identify the key research and management questions so that effective and targeted studies can be designed to inform conservation, management and policy. We gathered 30 experts in the field of eel biology and management to review the current state of knowledge for anguillid eel species and to identify the main topics for research. The identified research topics fell into three themes: (a) Lifecycle and Biology; (b) Impacts and (c) Management. Although tropical anguillid eels are by far the least well understood, significant knowledge gaps exist for all species. Considerable progress has been made in the last 20 years, but the status of many species remains of great concern, particularly for northern temperate species. Without improved engagement and coordination at the regional, national and international level, the situation is unlikely to improve. Further, adaptive management mechanisms to respond to developments in science, policy and our knowledge of potential threats are required to ensure the future of these important and enigmatic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioplastics have been used as alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics to lessen the burdens on marine and terrestrial environments due to their non-biodegradability and toxicity. However, recent studies have shown that not all bioplastics may be environmentally friendly. Microalgae, such as Spirulina that do not require arable land, have been identified as a potential bioplastic source. In this study, cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out in openLCA program using the Agribalyse database, to evaluate the environmental impacts of Spirulina bioplastic, formed from plasticization of Spirulina powder with glycerol. Two processes were created for the inventories of (i) Spirulina powder and (ii) Spirulina bioplastic, where the output of the former served as an input for the latter. The extruded bioplastic sheets were food-grade and could be used as edible packaging materials. The bioplastic was also compared to conventional plastics and it was found that the energy consumption was 3.83 ± 0.26 MJ/kg-bioplastic, which was 12% and 22% higher than that of LDPE and PVC plastic films, respectively. The impacts on the environment showed that the chemical growth medium (Zarrouk medium) and electricity were the main contributors in most of the categories. Compared to the PVC and LDPE films, the Spirulina bioplastic's impacts on the aquatic ecosystems were 2–3 times higher. The global warming potential of the Spirulina bioplastic was 1.99 ± 0.014 kg CO 2 eq, which was 23% and 47% lower than that of LDPE and PVC films, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was carried out by changing the electricity source and using alternative growth media. Except for the case of switching to solar energy, the results for other cases did not differ significantly from the base case scenario. Future studies were suggested to identify different greener alternatives to the growth medium as well as different energy mixes for more environmentally benign solutions. [Display omitted] • Cradle-to-gate LCA was performed for edible Spirulina-based bioplastic production. • Its unit energy consumption was slightly higher than conventional plastic films'. • Zarrouk medium and electricity were major contributors to environmental impacts. • The bioplastic's impacts on aquatic ecosystems were higher than LDPE's and PVC's. • Switching to renewable solar energy can help reduce overall environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TAK-003 a recent candidate is a significant advancement to Dengvaxia. • Combination vaccination could have an extraordinary impact on schistosomiasis control. • New concepts on how to rationally design hookworm subunit vaccines. • Typhoid conjugate vaccines will reduce the global burden of typhoid fever. Tropical infectious diseases inflict an unacceptable burden of disease on humans living in developing countries. Although anti-pathogenic drugs have been widely used, they carry a constant threat of selecting for resistance. Vaccines offer a promising means by which to enhance the global control of tropical infectious diseases; however, these have been difficult to develop, mostly because of the complex nature of the pathogen lifecycles. Here, we present recently developed vaccine candidates for five tropical infectious diseases in the form of a catalog that have either entered clinical trials or have been licensed for use. We deliberate on recently licensed dengue vaccines, provide evidence why combination vaccination could have a synergistic impact on schistosomiasis, critically appraise the value of typhoid conjugate vaccines, and discuss the potential of vaccines in the efforts to eliminate vivax malaria and hookworms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The blood feeding poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, causes substantial economic damage to the egg laying industry worldwide, and is a serious welfare concern for laying hens and poultry house workers. In this study we have investigated the temporal gene expression across the 6 stages/sexes (egg, larvae, protonymph and deutonymph, adult male and adult female) of this neglected parasite in order to understand the temporal expression associated with development, parasitic lifestyle, reproduction and allergen expression. Results: RNA-seq transcript data for the 6 stages were mapped to the PRM genome creating a publicly available gene expression atlas (on the OrcAE platform in conjunction with the PRM genome). Network analysis and clustering of stage-enriched gene expression in PRM resulted in 17 superclusters with stage-specific or multi-stage expression profiles. The 6 stage specific superclusters were clearly demarked from each other and the adult female supercluster contained the most stage specific transcripts (2725), whilst the protonymph supercluster the fewest (165). Fifteen pairwise comparisons performed between the different stages resulted in a total of 6025 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) (P > 0.99). These data were evaluated alongside a Venn/Euler analysis of the top 100 most abundant genes in each stage. An expanded set of cuticle proteins and enzymes (chitinase and metallocarboxypeptidases) were identified in larvae and underpin cuticle formation and ecdysis to the protonymph stage. Two mucin/peritrophic-A salivary proteins (DEGAL6771g00070, DEGAL6824g00220) were highly expressed in the blood-feeding stages, indicating peritrophic membrane formation during feeding. Reproduction-associated vitellogenins were the most abundant transcripts in adult females whilst, in adult males, an expanded set of serine and cysteine proteinases and an epididymal protein (DEGAL6668g00010) were highly abundant. Assessment of the expression patterns of putative homologues of 32 allergen groups from house dust mites indicated a bias in their expression towards the non-feeding larval stage of PRM. Conclusions: This study is the first evaluation of temporal gene expression across all stages of PRM and has provided insight into developmental, feeding, reproduction and survival strategies employed by this mite. The publicly available PRM resource on OrcAE offers a valuable tool for researchers investigating the biology and novel interventions of this parasite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflective practice, based on narrative case studies, highlights the need for practitioners to observe and integrate their own lifecycle rituals and thus become more open to collaborative ritual-making. This paper reviews 40 years of texts and research that have resourced and informed ritual practice that addressed later life, ageing, life review, spiritual reminiscence and dying. The pastoral and spiritual care formation of the author owes much to patients and parishioners who joined with him in the communitas of liminal moments where ritual transforms and transcends the hierarchy of caregivers in the community of caregiving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The slow-paced life history of many Neotropical birds (e.g., high survival and low fecundity) is hypothesized to increase lifetime fitness through investments in self-maintenance over reproduction relative to their temperate counterparts. Molt is a key investment in self-maintenance and is readily shaped by environmental conditions. As such, variation in molt strategies may be a key mechanism underlying life-history trade-offs and adaptation to new environments. Here, we review molt strategies from a diversity of lowland Neotropical landbirds and examine how variation in molt strategies, characterized by differences in molt insertions, timing, extent, and duration contribute to life-history variation and adaptation to diverse ecological conditions. In addition to our synthesis, we present a case study to examine the relationship between home range size and duration of the definitive prebasic molt of a well-studied subset of Amazonian landbirds. Our results suggest a connection between prolonged molt duration and larger home range size of small-tomedium-sized Amazonian landbirds. Our aims were to identify key gaps in our knowledge of Neotropical bird molt, to stimulate further comparative studies into the evolution of molt strategies, and to highlight how variation in molt strategies may be a key mechanism underlying life-history variation across latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life of Family Businesses is largely limited to the generational transition (on average 30% of these survive the second generation, 15% of these to a third, and 1% to the fourth). Objective: to analyze success and failure factors in successions from the literature. Method: to developed said analysis from a descriptive approach. The document review process completed the following stages: definition of the objective, bibliographic search, consultation of databases, establishment of search strategy and selection criteria, organization of information, and writing. Results and conclusions: the succession problem starts from the conflict of interests between the family business systems (company, family, and property), arising situations such as: informality, loose discipline, assumptions of permanence, nepotism, grasp, among others. Finally, a succession plan was developed considering the factors that influence the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article synthesizes in the so-called "12 stones in the shoe", the maingender gaps in Education and Labor throughout the entire life cycle, from childhood to oldage, indicating the public policies necessary to achieve equality between men and women. At the same time, the articlere views the opportunity that the current constitutional process in Chile represents in this matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. New needs and opportunities boost demand for development of urban infrastructure in a contemporary society. The emergence of innovative technologies enables infrastructural elements to better meet the requirements of comfort, sustainability, and safety. Cities are getting “smarter”, as they constantly improve the economic, social and environmental efficiency of their utility, power supply, and transport systems. In the meantime, growing private, industrial and service demands for versatile resources set the trend for bigger environmental footprints in big cities. The mission of this research project is to substantiate the need for and to identify methods of reducing environmental footprints in the course of urban infrastructure management. Materials and methods. The subject of this research project is the correlation between management functions and stages of the life cycle of urban infrastructure. Special focus is placed on the analysis of the influence produced by urban power grids, water supply and sewage networks and urban waste treatment on environmental footprints of big cities. A combination of positivistic and phenomenological philosophies is employed for this purpose; their influence manifests itself in the substantiation of findings, arising out of the opinions expressed by Russian and foreign experts, and statistical data. Results. The findings represent sources of negative influence of infrastructural elements on the scale of environmental footprints and environmental safety levels, as well as suggestions concerning stages and actions contributing to minimization of environmental footprints of developing infrastructural systems with regard for the current stage in the lifecycle of an infrastructural facility.Conclusions. A quantity index, demonstrating the environmental footprint of infrastructural facilities in operation, can be introduced as a summarized criterion for the socio-economic assessment of operation of infrastructural systems in urban economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]