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Background: Suicide and its associated risk factors are of public health importance across the globe. The affected persons are mostly the youth. Empirical research in this crucial area of public health is generally lacking, especially among undergraduate university students in Ghana. This study sought to determine the prevalence of suicide ideation, and its associated risk factors that statistically predict suicide ideation among undergraduate students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted. A structured online questionnaire was used to elicit information on the prevalence of suicide ideation and its correlates. A systematic sampling technique was used to sample 400 respondents. Of this number, 53.25% were male and 46.75% were female. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26. Results were presented in charts, tables, and cross-tabulations. A regression analysis was also done to model suicide ideation with socio-demographic variables. Results: The prevalence of suicide ideation among participants was 24.5%. Significant risk factors for suicide ideation found in the study were academic stress and victimization. Suicide ideation was predicted with statistical significance by the presence of victimization (OR = 3), and academic stress (OR = 2). Conclusion: The prevalence of suicide ideation among participants is real and will need combined efforts of university management and, the counseling unit to put in place interventions that will help avert suicide ideation and its dreaded squeal of completed suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conversation with Quinn Slobodian's Crack-up capitalism, the commentary explores the book's innovative but for the most part implicit methodological and expositional strategy, reflecting on some of the implications for the geographical analysis of ideas and ideation. Ideation certainly matters, but never mechanically or predictably, so the challenging questions concern how to specify, and to assign explanatory weight to, particular ideas in particular situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) among preteen children have risen to the attention of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. To shed light on potential treatment/prevention targets, we sought to identify empirically derived emotional and behavioral problem profiles of preteens with SITB, and to determine whether these profiles differ by age, gender and society. Caregivers of 46,719 children aged 6 to 12 years from 42 societies across the world completed the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18). There were 1,656 children whose caregivers indicated that their child experienced SITB. We conducted a latent profile analysis (LPA) using scores from eight CBCL/6-18 problem scales to derive problem profiles of children with SITB. Multilevel modelling was used to estimate differences in the profiles by SITB, society, sex, and age. A 4-profile model provided the best fit to the data, with profiles reflecting low problems (39.7%), mild problems (42.6%), moderate problems (15.4%), and rule-breaking/thought problems (2.3%). The low problems profile had CBCL problem scale scores nearly indistinguishable from those of children without SITB. Children in the rule-breaking/thought problems group were mostly female, whereas children in the other profile groups were mostly male. Children with the rule-breaking/thought problems profile also were most likely to have both suicidal thoughts and self-harm behaviors. In this study, authors analyzed emotional and behavioral profile of preteens who experienced self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB). Caregivers of over 46,000 children aged 6-12 from 42 countries completed the Child Behavior Checklist. The authors found that most preteens with SITB had low levels of other mental health problems. This study highlights the needs to screen all children for SITBs, not just those who have have significant mental health problems. Problem profiles of preteens with SITB are heterogeneous, with most having relatively low levels of other psychopathology. Selectively screening only children with clinically significant mental health problems for suicidal thoughts and self-harm behaviors (eg, asking about suicidal thoughts only among children with depression) risks missing many children experiencing SITB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Participants in research trials often disclose severe depression symptoms, including thoughts of self-harm and suicidal ideation, in validated self-administered questionnaires such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). However, there is no standard protocol for responding to such disclosure, and the opportunity to support people at risk is potentially missed. We developed and evaluated a risk assessment protocol for the IBD-BOOST randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN71618461 09/09/2019). Methods: Participants completed the PHQ-9 at baseline and 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. The trial database automatically alerted the research team to risk assess participants. Trial researchers, trained in the protocol, contacted participants by telephone, completed the risk assessment, and signposted participants to appropriate professional services. Results: Seven hundred eighty participants were randomised in the trial; 41 required risk assessment. One participant declined assessment, so 40 risk assessments were completed. Twenty-four participants were assessed as low-risk and 16 participants as medium-risk, with 12 declaring previous suicide attempts. None were rated as high-risk. Trial participants expressed appreciation for being contacted, and all except two wished to receive information about professional support services. Trial risk assessors reported positive experiences of conducting the risk assessment with suggestions for improvement, which resulted in minor modifications to the protocol. Discussion: Our evaluation demonstrated that it was viable for a research trial team to successfully conduct a risk-assessment protocol for trial participants reporting thoughts of self-harm, with training and support from senior colleagues. Resources are required for training and delivery, but it is not unduly onerous. Trial participants appeared to find completing the assessment acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusions\nHIGHLIGHTSAdolescent suicidal behavior is highly prevalent in pediatric psychiatric emergency departments, and there is a growing occurrence of such behavior among preadolescent children. This study aims to examine the psychosocial factors associated with nonfatal suicidal behaviors in children (<12 years old) and adolescents (aged 12–18), to gain insight into unique and shared characteristics of suicidal behavior across these two age groups.This study investigates the psychosocial characteristics associated with suicidal ideation and behaviors in an emergency department sample of 183 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years in Israel. Participants completed a diagnostic interview, and self-report and parent-report questionnaires of psychosocial measures. Cross-sectional correlational and regression analyses were used to determine significant correlates of suicidal outcomes within the two age groups.Among adolescents, females exhibited a higher prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, while in children, both boys and girls showed similar rates. Depression correlated with suicidal ideation for both adolescents and children. In children, anxiety and conduct symptoms were associated with suicidal behavior, whereas in adolescents, suicidal behavior was associated with depression and anxiety.The present findings contribute to the growing understanding of factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors among children in comparison to adolescents. These findings underscore the importance of targeting specific risk factors when developing assessment and intervention strategies tailored to the two age groups.Suicidal thoughts and behaviors were more common in female adolescents, but similar for boys and girls in children.Different correlates were found for suicidal behavior in children compared to adolescents.This study emphasizes the need for age-specific tailored assessment and intervention.Suicidal thoughts and behaviors were more common in female adolescents, but similar for boys and girls in children.Different correlates were found for suicidal behavior in children compared to adolescents.This study emphasizes the need for age-specific tailored assessment and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adversity, trauma, and emotion dysregulation are commonly cited risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Thus, the role of these factors in conferring risk for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) amongst community adults was assessed. A cross-sectional cohort-based study with community adults (n= 757 ; female= 55.0%) assessed emotion dysregulation, cumulative adversity including highly stressful and traumatic events, as well as other known risk factors for suicidality (e.g., self-reported depression and anxiety history) to predict a lifetime history of SI or SA, SI but no SA, or SI and SA. Higher cumulative stress and trauma scores conferred risk for SI, specifically on the subscales major life events, recent life events, and chronic stressors. Higher emotion dysregulation was associated with an increased risk for a SA relative to no SI or SA, particularly nonacceptance of emotional responses. Lifetime trauma was the only predictor of SA relative to SI. Nonacceptance of emotions significantly mediated the association between life traumas and suicidality. Cumulative adversity and emotion dysregulation confer risk for suicidal ideation and attempts, and higher lifetime trauma predicted attempts over ideation. These findings suggest that targeting emotion dysregulation, and specifically nonacceptance of difficult emotions, may be a useful strategy in reducing suicidal behaviors in individuals with trauma history and concurrent suicidal ideation. • Increased cumulative adversity confers risk for both suicidal ideation and attempts. • Traumatic experiences predict suicide attempts over and above suicidal ideation. • Emotion dysregulation is associated with risk for attempts compared to no ideation. • Nonacceptance of emotions confers risk for attempts compared to no ideation. • Nonacceptance mediates the relationship between trauma and suicidality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent estimates show progress toward malaria elimination is slowing in many settings, underscoring the need for tailored approaches to fight the disease. In addition to essential structural changes, human behaviour plays an important role in elimination. Engagement in malaria behaviours depends in part on psychosocial determinants such as knowledge, perceived risk, and community norms. Understanding the state of research on psychosocial determinants in low malaria transmission settings is important to augment social and behaviour change practice. This review synthesizes research on psychosocial factors and malaria behaviours in low-transmission settings. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature and supplemental manual search of grey literature was conducted using key terms and eligibility criteria defined a priori. Publications from 2000–2020 in the English language were identified, screened, and analysed using inductive methods to determine the relationship between the measured psychosocial factors and malaria behaviours. Results: Screening of 961 publications yielded 96 for inclusion. Nineteen articles collected data among subpopulations that are at increased risk of malaria exposure in low-transmission settings. Purposive and cluster randomized sampling were common sampling approaches. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods study designs were used. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceived risk were commonly measured psychosocial factors. Perceived response-efficacy, perceived self-efficacy, and community norms were rarely measured. Results indicate positive associations between malaria knowledge and attitudes, and preventive and care-seeking behaviour. Studies generally report high rates of correct knowledge, although it is comparatively lower among studies of high-risk groups. There does not appear to be sufficient extant evidence to determine the relationship between other psychosocial variables and behaviour. Conclusions: The review highlights the need to deploy more consistent, comprehensive measures of psychosocial factors and the importance of reaching subpopulations at higher risk of transmission in low transmission contexts. Malaria-related knowledge is generally high, even in settings of low transmission. Programmes and research should work to better understand the psychosocial factors that have been positively associated with prevention and care-seeking behaviours, such as norms, perceived response efficacy, perceived self-efficacy, and interpersonal communication. These factors are not necessarily distinct from that which research has shown are important in settings of high malaria transmission. However, the importance of each factor and application to malaria behaviour change programming in low-transmission settings is an area in need of further research. Existing instruments and approaches are available to support more systematic collection of psychosocial determinants and improved sampling approaches and should be applied more widely. Finally, while human behaviour is critical, health systems strengthening, and structural interventions are essential to achieve malaria elimination goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The factors that influence transition from suicidal ideation to a suicide attempt or remission of suicidal thoughts are poorly understood. Despite an abundance of research on risk factors for suicidal ideation, no large-scale longitudinal population-based studies have specifically recruited people with suicidal ideation to examine the mechanisms underlying critical transitions to either suicide attempt or recovery from suicidal ideation. Without longitudinal data on the psychological, behavioural, and social determinants of suicide attempt and the remission of suicidal ideation, we are unlikely to see major gains in the prevention of suicide. Aim: The LifeTrack Project is a population-based longitudinal cohort study that aims to identify key modifiable risk and protective factors that predict the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt or remission of suicidal ideation. We will assess theory-informed risk and protective factors using validated and efficient measures to identify distinct trajectories reflecting changes in severity of suicidal ideation and transition to suicide attempt over three years. Methods: A three-year prospective population-based longitudinal cohort study will be conducted with adults from the general Australian population who initially report suicidal ideation (n = 842). Eligibility criteria include recent suicidal ideation (past 30 days), aged 18 years or older, living in Australia and fluent in English. Those with a suicide attempt in past 30 days or who are unable to participate in a long-term study will be excluded. Participants will be asked to complete online assessments related to psychopathology, cognition, psychological factors, social factors, mental health treatment use, and environmental exposures at baseline and every six months during this three-year period. One week of daily measurement bursts (ecological momentary assessments) at yearly intervals will also capture short-term fluctuations in suicidal ideation, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, capability for suicide, and distress. Conclusion: This study is intended to identify potential targets for novel and tailored therapies for people experiencing suicidal ideation and improve targeting of suicide prevention programs. Even modest improvements in current treatments may lead to important reductions in suicide attempts and deaths. Study Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry identifier: ACTRN12623000433606. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the potential benefits of multidisciplinarity among agri-food researchers working in small groups to generate ideas to stimulate innovation in the context of a laboratory project. Background: Research on the role of multidisciplinarity in scientific research teams remains limited, particularly regarding the generation of ideas to innovate in a real laboratory project, and on a task with a real challenge for innovation. Method: Researchers and agri-food research staff were assigned to small groups of either multidisciplinary or unidisciplinary composition to produce ideas on a cross-cutting theme for an innovative laboratory project using an electronic "brainwriting" application. Results: A greater depth in idea generation (number of ideas per category) was observed in the multidisciplinary condition than in the unidisciplinary condition. Conclusion: The main benefits of this study were to experimentally examine the effects of multidisciplinarity in small scientific research groups on the production of ideas in a field study conducted on the premises of an agri-food laboratory. Application: This study provides advice on how to promote innovative projects by stimulating ideation processes, which includes constructing small multidisciplinary groups and using an electronic "brainwriting" technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to 1) determine the prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation (SI) and attempts (SA) among active-duty SMs; 2) determine whether differences exist by age, sex, and race; and 3) assess whether prevalence estimates vary by risk profiles of mental health conditions and substance use.Methods: Data were from the 2018 Health-Related Behavior Survey (HRBS), a cross-sectional survey of active-duty SMs (n = 17,166). We used the logistic model to identify the factors of SI and SA and latent class analysis (LCA) to identify the risk profiles.Results: Among active duty SMs, 8.26% had SI and 1.25% had SA in the past year. Gender and age have been shown to influence how race might contribute to suicidal behaviors. Mental health conditions were associated with higher odds of SI and SA, as were younger ages; LGB identity; being separated, divorced, or widowed; use of e-cigarettes, dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, or drugs; and history of deployment of less than 12 months. Frequencies of cigarette and e-cigarette use were also associated with SI and SA, indicating the odds were increasing by 0.3% for every additional cigarette or e-cigarette used. Five risk profiles were identified: class 1 (illegal drug use), class 2 (mental health needs with tobacco and alcohol use), class 3 (mental health conditions only), class 4 ("low risk" SMs with low levels of illegal drug use, mental health visits, tobacco use, and alcohol use), and class 5 (alcohol use). Compared to class 4 ("low risk"), all other risk profiles were associated with increased odds of suicidal behaviors.Conclusion: Despite the resources and increased access provided for mental health support, the prevalence of SI among active-duty SMs is greater than in the general population of the same age, likely due to additional military exposures and stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The evidence shows that a greater understanding of mental health and the myths about suicide is related to a reduction in these types of problems. Objective: Validate the Literacy of Suicide Scale—Short Form (LOSS‐SF) and the Stigma of Suicide Scale—Short Form (SOSS‐SF) for Spain. Materials and methods: Both scales were translated to Spanish via backward translation. The sample was comprised of a total of 466 participants, of which 169 (36.2%) were men and 297 (63.6%) were women through nonrandom circumstantial sampling. The questionnaires were administered online. To test the factorial structure and evaluate reliability, both an EFA and an AFC were conducted. In addition, the reliability of the questionnaires was analyzed using the Omega coefficient and Cronbach's alpha. Finally, a linear regression analysis was carried out with the aim of testing the predictability of the scales. Results and discussion: The results obtained reveal acceptable fit indices and a factorial structure similar to that of the validation conducted for both instruments in other countries. The validity of these instruments for use in Spain is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Detection of suicidal ideation (SI) is key for trying to prevent suicide. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of SI and related factors in Spanish people with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD) and to compare them with a control group. Methods PD patients and controls recruited from the Spanish cohort COPPADIS from January 2016 to November 2017 were included. Two visits were conducted: V0 (baseline); V2 (2-year ± 1 month follow-up). SI was defined as a score ≥1 on item nine of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Regression analyses were conducted to identify factors related to SI. Results At baseline, 693 PwPD (60.2% males; 62.59 ± 8.91 years old) and 207 controls (49.8% males; 60.99 ± 8.32 years old) were included. No differences between PwPD and controls were detected in SI frequency at either V0 (5.1% [35/693] vs. 4.3% [9/207]; p = 0.421) or at V2 (5.1% [26/508] vs. 4.8% [6/125]; p = 0.549). Major depression (MD) and a worse quality of life were associated with SI at both visits in PwPD: V0 (MD, OR = 5.63; p = 0.003; PDQ-39, OR = 1.06; p = 0.021); V2 (MD, OR = 4.75; p = 0.027; EUROHIS-QOL8, OR = 0.22; p = 0.006). A greater increase in the BDI-II total score from V0 to V2 was the only factor predicting SI at V2 (OR = 1.21; p = 0.002) along with an increase in the total number of non-antiparkinsonian drugs (OR = 1.39; p = 0.041). Conclusion The frequency of SI (5%) in PwPD was similar to in controls. Depression, a worse quality of life, and a greater comorbidity were related to SI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity plays a significant role in competitive product ideation. With the increasing emergence of Virtual Reality (VR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, the link between such technologies and product ideation is explored in this research to assist and augment creative scenarios in the engineering field. A bibliographic analysis is performed to review relevant fields and their relationships. This is followed by a review of current challenges in group ideation and state-of-the-art technologies with the aim of addressing them in this study. This knowledge is applied to the transformation of current ideation scenarios into a virtual environment using AI. The aim is to augment designers' creative experiences, a core value of Industry 5.0 that focuses on human-centricity, social and ecological benefits. For the first time, this research reclaims brainstorming as a challenging and inspiring activity where participants are fully engaged through a combination of AI and VR technologies. This activity is enhanced through three key areas: facilitation, stimulation, and immersion. These areas are integrated through intelligent team moderation, enhanced communication techniques, and access to multi-sensory stimuli during the collaborative creative process, therefore providing a platform for future research into Industry 5.0 and smart product development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While adolescent suicidal behaviour (ideation, planning, and attempt) remains a global public health concern, available county-specific evidence on the phenomenon from African countries is relatively less than enough. The present study was conducted to estimate the 12-month prevalence and describe some of the associated factors of suicide behaviour among school-going adolescents aged 12–17 years old in Namibia. Methods: Participants (n = 4531) answered a self-administered anonymous questionnaire developed and validated for the nationally representative Namibia World Health Organization Global School-based Student Health Survey conducted in 2013. We applied univariate, bivariable, and multivariable statistical approaches to the data. Results: Of the 3,152 analytical sample, 20.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.3–22.2%) reported suicidal ideation, 25.2% (95% CI: 22.3–28.4%) engaged in suicide planning, and 24.5% (95% CI: 20.9–28.6%) attempted suicide during the previous 12 months. Of those who attempted suicide, 14.6% (95% CI: 12.5–16.9%) reported one-time suicide attempt, and 9.9% (95% CI: 8.1–12.1%) attempted suicide at least twice in the previous 12 months. The final adjusted multivariable models showed physical attack victimisation, bullying victimisation, loneliness, and parental intrusion of privacy as key factors associated with increased likelihood of suicidal ideation, planning, one-time suicide attempt, and repeated attempted suicide. Cannabis use showed the strongest association with increased relative risk of repeated attempted suicide. Conclusion: The evidence highlights the importance of paying more attention to addressing the mental health needs (including those related to psychological and social wellness) of school-going adolescents in Namibia. While the current study suggests that further research is warranted to explicate the pathways to adolescent suicide in Namibia, identifying and understanding the correlates (at the individual-level, family-level, interpersonal-level, school context and the broader community context) of adolescent suicidal ideations and non-fatal suicidal behaviours are useful for intervention and prevention programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juan Antonio García Solera obtained his degree in architecture at Madrid's School of Architecture in 1953. Javier Carvajal, Francisco Coello of Portugal, Eleuterio Población and Pedro Casariego were amongst his classmates, with whom he shared the same professional attitude characteristic of the Spanish architecture in those central decades of the twentieth century. The analysis of his drawings highlights the relevant role they assume for him in the process of shaping architecture, as an essential means for the effective control of his constructive materialization. These architectural drawings and freehand sketches traced on the drawing desk of his studio are revealed as an irreplaceable hinge between the ideation of the work and its construction. It has been a constant throughout his lengthy professional life until his death in August 2019, when this text was being written. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antenatal care (ANC) and facility delivery are essential maternal health services, but uptake remains low in north-western Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the psychosocial influences on pregnancy and childbirth behaviours in Nigeria. Data were from a cross-sectional population-based survey of randomly sampled women with a child under 2 years conducted in Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara states of north-western Nigeria in September 2019. Women were asked about their maternal health behaviours during their last pregnancy. Psychosocial metrics were developed using the Ideation Model of Strategic Communication and Behaviour Change. Predicted probabilities for visiting ANC four or more times (ANC4+) and giving birth in a facility were derived using mixed-effects logistic regression models adjusted for ideational and socio-demographic variables. Among the 3039 sample women, 23.6% (95% CI: 18.0–30.3%) attended ANC4+ times and 15.5% (95% CI: 11.8–20.1%) gave birth in a facility. Among women who did not attend ANC4+ times or have a facility-based delivery during their last pregnancy, the most commonly cited reasons for non-use were lack of perceived need (42% and 67%, respectively) and spousal opposition (25% and 27%, respectively). Women who knew any ANC benefit or the recommended number of ANC visits were 3.2 and 2.1 times more likely to attend ANC4+ times, respectively. Women who held positive views about health facilities for childbirth had 1.2 and 2.6 times higher likelihood of attending ANC4+ times and having a facility delivery, respectively, while women who believed ANC was only for sickness or pregnancy complications had a 17% lower likelihood of attending ANC4+ times. Self-efficacy and supportive spousal influence were also significantly associated with both outcomes. To improve pregnancy and childbirth practices in north-western Nigeria, Social and Behavioural Change programmes could address a range of psychosocial factors across cognitive, emotional and social domains which have been found in this study to be significantly associated with pregnancy and childbirth behaviours: raising knowledge and dispelling myths, building women's confidence to access services, engaging spousal support in decision-making and improving perceived (and actual) maternal health services quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have clearly established the impact of culture on design creativity. For example, the presence of cultural values with low uncertainty avoidance (UA, the degree of anxiety and risk aversion that people feel during ambiguous situations) is linked to low workability of creative ideas. Currently, there is limited research on potential remedies to alleviate the impact of culture, specifically with respect to UA. Therefore, this study investigates the use of technology to prime UA cultural values and mitigate their potential negative impacts on design creativity. This was achieved using stimuli that had been generated by virtual reality (VR) technology and presented in an immersive environment. Participants in an experimental study were exposed to VR stimuli designed to either decrease or increase their UA. The results showed that the VR stimuli had successfully increased and decreased low and high UA values, respectively, which mitigated the influence of UA on design creativity. Furthermore, the VR stimuli influenced the emphasis of the participants on ideation, with lowered and enhanced UA values leading to them prioritizing novelty and usefulness, respectively. Overall, the findings provided evidence that VR could be leveraged from a psychological standpoint to reduce cultural influences on creativity through targeted priming. These findings indicated the essential implications of the study in terms of understanding the effect of immersive technologies in shaping human behaviors and mindsets. • Virtual reality stimuli can successfully prime the UA values of participants. • Primed high UA leads to a prioritization of the usefulness of ideas. • Primed low UA leads to a prioritization of the novelty of ideas. • VR stimuli is a promising tool for mitigating cultural influences on creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ideation refers to the ideas and views that people hold; it has been identified as an important explanation for differences in contraceptive use within and across countries. This study aimed to identify ideational factors that influence intention to use family planning (FP) methods among women of reproductive age (WRA) in the four emerging regions of Ethiopia. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey of 2891 WRA was carried out in the four emerging regions of Ethiopia. A multistage, stratified systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected by trained enumerators, using tablets equipped with Open Data Kit. To assess the impact of ideation on intention to use FP, the research team used 41 items distributed across five broad ideational factors: contraception awareness, self-efficacy, rejection of myth and rumor, intra-family discussion and family support. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test the fit of these items into the five ideational factors. A multiple binary logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the combined effect of these ideational factors with different sociodemographic variables on intention to use contraceptive methods. In all the statistical analysis, a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Different proportions of women in the four regions intended to use contraceptives in the future: 74.9% in Benishangul-Gumuz, 50.1% in Gambela, 21.8% in Afar, and 20.1% in Somali. The proportion of women who intended to use contraceptives varied with ideation scores. The multiple binary logistic regression revealed that self-efficacy was an important ideational factor of intention to use contraception in all four regions. Rejection of myth and rumor was also an important factor in all regions except in Somali. Contraception awareness and family support were significant predictors of intention to use contraception in the Afar region only. Intra-family discussion was not found significant in any region. Conclusions: Regional/district health offices should focus on increasing self-efficacy for FP use. Demystifying rumors would contribute to improved intention to use FP among women in Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Gambela regions. Raising contraception awareness and encouraging family support would improve intention to use FP in Afar region. Plain English summary: Contraceptive use shows sizeable differences within and across Ethiopia, and the situation is worsening in the country's emerging regions (Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, and Somali). Little or no progress in expanding access to family planning (FP) services in these emerging regions has been observed over the past years. Reasons for the disparity and the psychosocial factors expected to affect uptake of contraceptives are not clearly identified in Ethiopia's emerging regions. In this study, we explored intention to use family planning in the future and the impact of ideation on this intention among 2891 women of reproductive age in the four emerging regions of Ethiopia. Ideation is the concept that people's actions are influenced strongly by their beliefs, ideas, and feelings ("ideational factors") and provides a framework to understand behaviors, including contraceptive behavior. This study indicates that women's intention to use FP in the future increases with increases in their ideational factors: contraception awareness, self-efficacy, rejection of myth and rumor, intra-family discussion and family support. Findings from this study should inspire health officials to focus on the psychosocial factors to close the disparity and improve contraceptive utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ideation refers to the ideas and views that people hold; it has been identified as an important explanation for differences in contraceptive use within and across countries. This study aimed to identify ideational factors that influence intention to use family planning (FP) methods among women of reproductive age (WRA) in the four emerging regions of Ethiopia. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey of 2891 WRA was carried out in the four emerging regions of Ethiopia. A multistage, stratified systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected by trained enumerators, using tablets equipped with Open Data Kit. To assess the impact of ideation on intention to use FP, the research team used 41 items distributed across five broad ideational factors: contraception awareness, self-efficacy, rejection of myth and rumor, intra-family discussion and family support. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test the fit of these items into the five ideational factors. A multiple binary logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the combined effect of these ideational factors with different sociodemographic variables on intention to use contraceptive methods. In all the statistical analysis, a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Different proportions of women in the four regions intended to use contraceptives in the future: 74.9% in Benishangul-Gumuz, 50.1% in Gambela, 21.8% in Afar, and 20.1% in Somali. The proportion of women who intended to use contraceptives varied with ideation scores. The multiple binary logistic regression revealed that self-efficacy was an important ideational factor of intention to use contraception in all four regions. Rejection of myth and rumor was also an important factor in all regions except in Somali. Contraception awareness and family support were significant predictors of intention to use contraception in the Afar region only. Intra-family discussion was not found significant in any region. Conclusions: Regional/district health offices should focus on increasing self-efficacy for FP use. Demystifying rumors would contribute to improved intention to use FP among women in Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Gambela regions. Raising contraception awareness and encouraging family support would improve intention to use FP in Afar region. Plain English summary: Contraceptive use shows sizeable differences within and across Ethiopia, and the situation is worsening in the country's emerging regions (Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, and Somali). Little or no progress in expanding access to family planning (FP) services in these emerging regions has been observed over the past years. Reasons for the disparity and the psychosocial factors expected to affect uptake of contraceptives are not clearly identified in Ethiopia's emerging regions. In this study, we explored intention to use family planning in the future and the impact of ideation on this intention among 2891 women of reproductive age in the four emerging regions of Ethiopia. Ideation is the concept that people's actions are influenced strongly by their beliefs, ideas, and feelings ("ideational factors") and provides a framework to understand behaviors, including contraceptive behavior. This study indicates that women's intention to use FP in the future increases with increases in their ideational factors: contraception awareness, self-efficacy, rejection of myth and rumor, intra-family discussion and family support. Findings from this study should inspire health officials to focus on the psychosocial factors to close the disparity and improve contraceptive utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When students generate ideas, important inter‐individual variance exists both in the quantity and the quality of ideas they are able to produce (e.g., perfectionists who have few highly creative ideas or mass producers who produce a lot of uncreative ideas). In educational psychology research on creativity, the relation between the quantity and quality of ideas has not been well understood, limiting progress in this area. Aims: We conceptualized Ideational Fluency as a phenomenon that requires participants to 'survive' to produce more ideas, and where dropping out of the ideational process was analogous to 'dying'. Using this novel paradigm, we aimed to test the relations among Fluency (as a dependent variable); and creative Expertise, Originality and self‐reported Personality attributes (as independent variables). Sample and method: Participants were drawn from three groups: those with demonstrated expertise in stage or screen acting (n = 104); undergraduates being trained in the same domain (n = 100), and adults with no acting training or experience (n = 92). Participants responded to the Alternate Uses Task; Non‐parametric and semi‐parametric survival models were fit to their Ideational Fluency; and average and maximum Originality scores, as well as self‐reported Personality attributes, were used as covariates. Results: Across all participants, the Ideational Fluency survival function showed an S‐shape, but the Expertise grouping interacted with that pattern. The survival rate of professional actors decreased more rapidly during the first few ideas, but after the 5th idea, professional actors displayed a clear advantage in survival rate. Participants who were less original on average but who showed a high maximum Originality, as well as those participants who reported more Assertiveness and less Industriousness, also survived further into the Ideational process. Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, professional actors' advantage in Fluency did not manifest in the survival model until after the 5th idea generated. A quantity‐quality trade‐off was observed with average Originality being associated with shorter survival, but that trade‐off was not observed with maximum Originality, which was associated with longer survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has advanced two perspectives on the fundamental issue of the relationship between member creativity and team creativity: the additive model (predicting with average member creativity) and the disjunctive model (predicting with highest member creativity). Inconsistent evidence raises the question of possible moderators. We address this question by developing moderating roles of task characteristics – task interdependence and task creativity requirement. In a meta‐analytic review of team creativity (and innovation) research, we hypothesized and supported that the additive model is more predictive in tasks with high interdependence and with low creativity requirements, and that the disjunctive model is more predictive for less interdependent tasks. The effectiveness of the disjunctive model, however, did not differ as a function of task creativity requirements. Further, our supplementary analysis showed that the additive model is more effective in tasks requiring only generating creative ideas than in tasks involving both generation and implementation of creative ideas. Practitioner points: Because creative employees are in high demand, it is important to effectively select and assign creative individuals to teams for managing creativity.Managing team creativity by selecting creative individuals for the team can be done following two strategies: an additive strategy prioritizing high levels of average member creativity or a disjunctive strategy prioritizing one particularly creative member.Whether the additive or the disjunctive strategy is more effective is contingent on task characteristics: with high task interdependence, it is better to prioritize mean member creativity; with low task interdependence and with higher creativity requirements, it is better to prioritize one particularly creative team member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creative narration is a structured ideation technique based on storytelling. It has the potential to enhance the initial design process of ideation in terms of collaboration and creativity. People from various disciplines, following specific steps, collaborate to create a story. Afterward, inspired by their stories, they create products and services. In this paper, two case studies are presented and compared, where the technique of creative narration was used in the contexts of two creative workshops. An initial assessment of this process, highlighting the strong and weak points of the technique, is discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitisation of business processes has attracted practitioner attention across a wide range of industries as it enables enterprises to better manage their processes and improve results. The rate of digitisation has grown over the last decade and has become essential for enterprises to handle unforeseen disruptions and promote better management of resources. The COVID-19 pandemic is one example of a recent major disruption that caught enterprises off-guard and had a major impact on their value chains. The adoption of digitisation of business processes has significantly sped up to improve enterprise and their value chain resilience and enable enterprises to survive and potentially thrive in today's uncertain environment. Through this movement, innovative companies have embraced idea management to develop new business models and achieve competitive advantage. One of the major digital tools that support enterprises in their idea management efforts is web-based idea management systems. This study aims to show how enterprises can manage the rewards of platforms, such as web-based idea management systems, to achieve a first-in-class quality and quantity of ideas sourced from the stakeholders involved in these platform-based ecosystems. To reach this aim, a global survey study was conducted involving over 400 responses from enterprises that use web-based idea management systems and consequent results were analysed. The impact of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards on the results of enterprises is a well-researched area. To further verify the results, the authors have conducted ten expert interviews and a qualitative analysis of a data set sourced from a database that contained 129 company entries that utilise web-based idea management systems and was available for this research that was conducted over a two-year period. Results strongly indicate that mixed and financial reward type tasks result in a higher quantity of ideas created, however, higher idea quality—i.e., ideas selected—is higher for financial reward tasks. The research highlights that there could be differences between different web-based idea management systems application groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents and discusses a paper-based co-design tool that was developed in order to strengthen ideation in digital experience design processes at museums. The tool, called the ASAP Map, was co-designed as part of an action research project with 10 museums from EU and the USA. The museum partners used the tool in their home institutions and the article focuses on their feedback and the following iterations of the tool through ongoing feedback loops. Concludingly, the usefulness and applicability of the tool is discussed, also touching on the relevance of this study for the broader co-design field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide among adolescents is a significant public health concern in the U.S., especially within American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Lack of quality of life (QoL) estimates for both suicide ideation and depression specific to the AIAN population hinders the ability to compare interventions in cost-effectiveness analysis. We surveyed 200 AI youth and young adults from the Fort Apache Indian Reservation to estimate utility weights for experiencing suicide ideation and depression. Our results indicate that, on a scale of 0–100, with higher scores indicating better health, the general community rates both suicide ideation and depression at 15.8 and 25.1, respectively. These weights are statistically significantly different and lower than for other cultures. Culturally specific QoL values will allow the comparison and identification of the most effective and feasible interventions to reduce the suicide burden among tribal communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity is an important skill for engineers but many students face a lack of experience in idea generation, often compounded by low-self efficacy towards creativity. Providing students with online training modules has been suggested as one solution. However, the literature demonstrates using a computer can influence performance and self-efficacy in a different manner to using pen-and-paper. There is a current lack of research on whether computers may influence self-efficacy during idea generation tasks. Two experiments involving computer-based and pen-and-paper groups were designed. Groups were provided with templates that guided them through the process of applying an idea generation technique and were given sixteen minutes to generate ideas to solve a presented problem. Results revealed that students' performance was similar and using a computer does not negatively influence self-efficacy. This shows that students can engage in idea generation learning tasks using computer-based modes without negatively influencing performance or self-efficacy, suggesting an avenue for educators to engage students with building creativity skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a possibility of theoretical-methodological synergy for addressing different social problems. This is a work that explores the participation of the gay community in the social world configured in Chilean cyberpress texts between 2012-2017. The exploration is carried out from the theoretical-methodological articulation of the sociosemiotic APPRAISAL and IDEATION systems assigned to functional systemic linguistics to illustrate the relationship between social change and discursive change. The discursive analysis from these systems reveals that the gay community represented in the corpus constitutes an agent of social transformation, because it denounces homophobic violence and defends the victims, questions political and religious authorities, promotes changes and legal reforms and is recognized as political interlocutor before the events produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not known how emotion regulation deficits and strategies may differentially relate to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide ideation in samples of community-based adolescents. The current study examined emotion regulation using comprehensive multi-method assessment to identify which specific deficits are uniquely related to NSSI and suicide ideation in a sample of high school students. Regarding specific deficits, it was expected that lack of emotional awareness, lack of access to emotion regulation strategies, poor cognitive reappraisal, and poorer automatic emotion processing would uniquely associate with past-year NSSI engagement. It was also predicted that lack of access to strategies, lack of impulse control, lack of awareness, and nonacceptance of emotion would uniquely associate with past-year presence of suicide ideation and suicide ideation severity. The sample included 696 adolescents (54.8% female; ages 14–17; mean age = 15.5) recruited from public high schools. Self-report measures were administered assessing suicide ideation, NSSI engagement, dimensions of emotion regulation, and automatic emotion processing (Emotion Stroop). Emotion suppression was the only unique and significant predictor of past-year NSSI engagement, and lack of access to emotion regulation strategies was the strongest predictor of both past-year presence of suicide ideation and recent suicide ideation severity when accounting for all deficits in the same model. Acquiring emotion regulation skills during the period of adolescence has great potential to buffer from occurrence of NSSI and severity of suicide ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malaria is endemic to sub-Saharan African countries. Mass and routine distribution, promotion, and use of ITNs are critical components of malaria prevention programmes. Correct and consistent use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITN) is an effective strategy for malaria prevention. To extend bed-net lifespan, the World Health Organization recommends folding or tying up ITNs when they are not in use. This study analyses factors associated with net care practices in three African countries. Methods: Researchers collected household data nationwide in Côte d'Ivoire, from the North and Far North regions of Cameroon, and from Port Loko and Bo districts in Sierra Leone, between 2018 and 2019. The dependent variable was respondents reporting that they fold or tie up their nets. The study adjusted for selected sociodemographic, ideational (psychosocial), and household variables using multilevel models. The analysis was limited to women of reproductive age and their male spouses/partners from households with at least one ITN: 2,940 respondents in Cameroon, 6,105 in Côte d'Ivoire, and 2,730 in Sierra Leone. Results: Among respondents, 50.2% in Cameroon, 52.0% in Côte d'Ivoire and 75.6% in Sierra Leone reported folding or tying up their net when it was not in use. In all three countries, the data showed significant clustering at both household and community levels, indicating the influence of factors operating at these levels on net-care behaviour. The odds of reporting the behaviour varied significantly by geographic unit in each country. Consistent use of nets was strongly correlated with net-care behaviour. Furthermore, five ideational variables were positively associated with the outcome behaviour in all three countries: positive attitude towards net care, perceived susceptibility for malaria, response-efficacy of ITNs, perceived self-efficacy for net use, and the perception that net use was a community norm. Additional significant ideational variables included positive attitudes towards net use (Cameroon and Côte d'Ivoire), perceived severity of malaria (Côte d'Ivoire), and interpersonal communication about malaria (Côte d'Ivoire). Conclusions: The study identified ideational variables associated with recommended net-care practice. Programme efforts designed to promote net-care practices and extend average lifespan of ITNs may be more effective if they emphasize positive attitudes towards net care, perceived susceptibility of malaria infection, response-efficacy of ITNs, perceived self-efficacy for net use, and promote net-care behaviour as a positive community norm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although miners are a priority population in malaria elimination in Guyana, scant literature exists on the drivers of malaria-related behaviour. This study explores the relationship between gold miners' malaria-related ideation and the adoption of malaria care-seeking and treatment behaviours including prompt care-seeking, malaria testing, and self-medication. Methods: Data are from a cross-sectional quantitative survey of 1685 adult miners between the ages of 18–59 years who live in mining camps in Regions 1, 7, and 8. The analysis focused on miners who reported an episode of fever in the past year (n = 745). Malaria care-seeking and treatment ideation was defined as a composite additive score consisting of the following variables: general malaria knowledge, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, beliefs, perceived self-efficacy, perceived norms, interpersonal communication, and perceived response efficacy. Multivariable logistic regressions explored the relationship between ideation on care-seeking/treatment behaviours, controlling for confounding variables. Results: Most miners with a recent episode of fever had perceived risk (92%), self-efficacy (67%), susceptibility (53%) and high malaria knowledge (53%). Overall, miners' care-seeking/treatment ideation score ranged from 0 to 8 with a mean of 4.1. Ideation scores were associated with higher odds of care-seeking for fever (aOR: 1.19; 95% CI 1.04–1.36), getting tested for malaria (aOR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.07–1.38) and lower odds of self-medication (aOR: 0.87; 95% CI 0.77–0.99). Conclusions: A national community case management initiative is using study findings as part of its scale-up, using volunteers to make testing and treatment services more accessible to miners. This is complemented by a multi-channel mass media campaign to improve miners' ideation. Communication messages focus on increasing miners' knowledge of malaria transmission and symptoms, encourage positive beliefs about malaria testing and volunteer testers, promote evidence about the effectiveness of testing, and reminders of how quick and easy it is to get a malaria test with the community case management initiative. Study findings also have implications for efforts to eliminate malaria across the Guiana Shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representational figurative architectural drawing --the natural vehicle to think and to communicate architecture-- is essential in the tuition of our students. However, the usefulness of abstraction in the field of graphic conception as well as exploring different ways to introduce it within the teaching programmes must be also acknowledged. In this article we illustrate one of them. It is based on the notable and contemporary didactic utility of the Spatial Organization Systems described by Ching in his wellknown Architecture: Form, Space and Order. Our strategy transposes these systems into abstract graphic compositions, intended to foster imagination and creativity, thus generically triggering architectural ideation. Additionally, they contribute to clarify the intimate relationship between abstract art and contemporary architecture. The results of our students drive the development of this research, persuaded as we are by the idea of contributing to enrich the architectural debate, while suggesting ways to motivate those who are commencing their architectural teaching career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analogue tools offer distinct benefits for collaborative design ideation and can take a variety of tailored forms including card decks, templates, toys and board games. However, owing to the disparate and multidisciplinary sources of these tools, there is currently no easy way to gain a coherent view of the tool landscape. To resolve this, we conducted a survey of analogue ideation tools within the design and HCI literatures, and within commercial practice. Of 3,395 results, 76 met the inclusion criteria. The resulting collection is presented and classified according to 10 descriptors including a novel taxonomy for distinguishing 7 tool types (methods, prompts, components, concepts, stories, embodiment, and construction). We also discuss gaps and opportunities for future tool development in inclusivity, cultural-tailoring and embodiment. Our aim is to help designers and design teams more fluently select, customise, critique, analyse and/or build tools to support collaborative designerly inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To analyze the association between temperament (emotional and affective) and scrutinize the progression from suicide ideation to attempt, by using data from a large internet-based sample.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study, based on the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP). Temperament was assessed by the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS), and life-long suicidal behavior was determined by the adapted Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ-17). Odds ratios were obtained through multivariate logistic regression and a multiple linear regression were used in the analysis. According to the "ideation-to-action framework", we performed analyzes using two different reference groups: no suicidal ideation and suicidal ideation.Results: The affective temperaments that showed the greatest association with suicide attempts were depressive, cyclothymic, and volatile. The temperaments that reflected higher associations for progression from ideation to suicide attempt were cyclothymic, depressive, and euphoric. Sensitivity was manifested as the emotional temperament with the strongest positive association with the severity of suicidal behavior, followed by desire and control. Stability was estimated as the emotional trait with the strongest negative association with the severity of suicidal behavior.Limitations: It is not a population based sample. BRAINSTEP is a self-selected sample whose participants are mostly women, who are highly educated and young.Conclusions: Our results suggest that temperament assessment using AFECT model may be relevant to assess the risk for the progression from ideation to suicide attempts. These results strengthen the "ideation-to-action" framework that risk factors to suicide ideators can differ from suicide attempters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the call for instructional designers to employ design thinking as a means to foster creativity in problem-solving, many students struggle with enacting creative risk. While several studies have been conducted studying how instructional designers engage in problem-solving to contend with project constraints, few have addressed whether this is due to their confidence and abilities to engage in creative risk. This paper discusses how instructional designers can promote creative risk in instructional design pedagogy through three constructs: ideation, dynamic decision-making, and failure-based learning. Implications and future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a novel ideation aid termed technologically related products from other domains (TeRPODs) for addressing technology-push product concept generation problems. A technology-push product concept generation problem is specified in terms of a new technology and a target product/industry/business domain for which the technology is to be utilized to create novel products/applications. TeRPODs are example applications of the technology collected from domains other than the target domain and serve as brainstorming stimuli during the new product concept generation. An experiment was conducted to empirically evaluate the utility of TeRPODs. The technology-push product concept generation problem considered was that of developing new applications of the augmented reality head-up display (AR HUD) technology for the automotive domain. Two groups of participants, one utilizing a relevant set of TeRPODs (the TeRPODs group) for ideation and the other (the control group) without any ideation aids, performed individual brainstorming to generate new automotive AR HUD application concepts. The TeRPODs group produced a significantly better ideation outcome than the control group in the quantity and diversity of ideation outcome. Also, the use of TeRPODs significantly improved usefulness, novelty, preference, and profitability ratings of generated ideas. TeRPODs may serve as a useful ideation tool for technology-push inventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a global public health concern that affects all echelons of society, albeit not equally so. Compared with adults in the general population, incarcerated offenders are at increased risk to consider, attempt, and die by suicide, which represents a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality in prisons worldwide. This review synthesises recent literature pertaining to the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of suicidal thoughts and behaviour among prisoners, and outlines a framework which emphasises the interplay between individuals (importation) and their surroundings (deprivation). The available evidence suggests that prison-specific stressors may exacerbate risk of suicide in an already vulnerable population characterised by complex health and social care needs. Emerging data point to differential mechanisms through which prisoners come to think about suicide and subsequently progress to suicidal behaviour. As risk of suicide is determined by a complex web of synergistically interacting factors, its management and prevention demands a cross-sectoral policy and service response that includes targeted interventions aimed at high-risk prisoners in combination with population strategies that promote the health and wellbeing of all people in prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim/Purpose: To build the skills of innovation, we must first establish a framework for the belief system that surrounds effective innovation practice. In building any belief system, sometimes outdated beliefs need to be replaced with better, more carefully researched ideas. One such belief, discovered in our research and elsewhere, is that creativity is innate and that great ideas arise through chance or happenstance. Background: One belief regarding innovation and creativity, discovered in our research and elsewhere, is the belief that creativity is innate. History has repeatedly shown this to be untrue, yet people still believe it. We have found within our research another belief is that innovation happens through random, unstructured processes -- that great ideas arise through chance or happenstance. However, participants also believed that innovation is a skill. If someone believes innovation is a skill but also believes innovation is innate, random, and unstructured, this disconnect presents obstacles for the training and development of innovation skills. Methodology: This research is based on a combination of background research and direct survey of innovators, educators, scientists, and engineers, in addition to the general public. The survey is used to illuminate the nature of significant beliefs related to creativity and innovation practice. Contribution: We examine the myths and truths behind creativity as well as the false beliefs behind innovation as we present a closed model for innovation and the key framing elements needed to build a successful, trainable, developable system that is the innovation mindset. And like any skill, creativity and innovation can be taught and learned using tools and processes that can be followed, tracked, and documented. If innovation is a skill, creativity should not require magic or the production of ideas out of thin air. Findings: This paper identifies the historic nature of creativity as well as the general strategies used by innovators in implementing innovation practices and proposes a framework that supports the effective development of the innovation mindset. Recommendations for Practitioners: Apply the framework and encourage ideation and innovation participants to appreciate that they can learn to be creative and innovative. Start as early as possible in the education process, as all of these skills can be instructed at early ages. Recommendations for Researchers: Continue to gather survey data to support a refined understanding of the motivations behind the disconnect between innovation as a methodical skill and the beliefs in the use of random ideation techniques. Impact on Society: Transforming the understanding of creativity and innovation from one of mythical belief to one of methodical skill application will dramatically alter the lifelong impact of knowledge gained in support of global economic and environmental challenges. Future Research: A continuation of the recommended research paths and collaboration with other creativity researchers leading to improved methods for dissuading mythical beliefs toward formalized, systematic ideation and innovation practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the possibility that ideas are dynamic, socio-material and relational entities that come into existence with the help of materials and technologies. It starts from arguing that the popular understanding of ideas as immaterial entities (thoughts, concepts, insights) that we process mentally, communicate (symbolically) to others, and eventually realise is rooted in essentialist and representationalist philosophy and as such is not universal. It is then argued that an alternative understanding of what an idea is may be proposed within the relationist perspective that focuses our attention primarily on change and historicity. The article employs the concept of translation -- borrowed from the actor-network theory -- to propose that an idea is enacted slightly differently in every social situation and with the use of different materials and technologies. Importantly, the presented relational and socio-material interpretation emphasizes that it is not the "essence" of an idea but the translations it is subjected to that enable or constrain action possibilities and determine its evolution. Finally, it is proposed that following translations of ideas empirically may be a promising avenue for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic law libraries are generally considered a welcoming environment for law students, faculty, scholars, or attorneys engaging in legal research or study. However, the inverse is true when it comes to patrons who wish to or need to use the law library alongside their children. While law schools across the nation are implementing innovative strategies to promote diversity and inclusivity, in part, by incorporating the needs of parents attending these institutions, law libraries have yet to emulate or initiate independently many of these same family-centric approaches to increase inclusivity for law students and improved access to justice for other patrons within the library environment. A financially feasible way for academic law libraries to meet these objectives involves the creation of family-friendly spaces that are specifically designed to provide appropriate areas for patrons to research with their accompanying children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that in considering the effects of economic policy reform on women's human rights, we must also consider the political economy mechanisms through which these effects operate. Treating the distribution of policy costs and benefits as outcomes of a given state of the world is unsatisfactory because economic policy reforms both shape and are shaped by those costs and benefits. Using a political economy model of economic policymaking, the article shows how the choice of economic policy and its impacts on women's human rights are endogenous to various gendered political-economic forces, which have interest, institutional and ideational-based dynamics. It argues further that while the gender-related standards set out in the Guiding Principles on Foreign Debt and Human Rights are an ambitious step forward in addressing possible negative impacts on women's human rights, their relative salience in the shaping of economic policy will be mediated by these same political-economic forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The shorter life expectancy and increased risk of suicide in patients with schizophrenia have been well documented. However, study outcomes on suicidality in this special population have been few to date. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation in a population of institutionalized patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Two hundred fifty-six patients with schizophrenia between the age of 18 and 65 years were randomly recruited. This cross-sectional study utilised the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS-AH). Univariate analysis was performed using an independent t-test or chi-square test, followed by binary logistic regression to determine the factors associated with increased suicidal risks. Results: The socio-demographic factors associated with suicidal ideation included level of education (p=0.039); secondary-level education (OR=5.76, 95% CI:1.49, 22.34, p=0.011) and tertiary-level education (OR=9.30, 95% CI: 1.80, 48.12, p=0.008) posed a greater risk. A history of attempted suicide (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 4.36, p=0.049) and the presence of co-morbid physical illnesses (OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 4.21, p=0.044) were also found to be associated with a suicidal ideation. Other significant factors associated with suicidal thoughts were concurrent depression (OR=9.68, 95% CI: 3.74, 25.05, p< 0.001) and a higher PSYRATS score in emotional characteristics of auditory hallucinations (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.21, p< 0.001). Conclusion: Suicide in schizophrenia appears to be more closely associated with certain socio-demographic factors and affective symptoms. Appropriate screening and treatment addressing these challenges must be emphasized if suicidal thoughts and actions are to be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early-stage ideation is a critical step in the design process. Mind maps are a popular tool for generating design concepts and in general for hierarchically organizing design insights. We explore an application for high-level concept synthesis in early stage design, which is typically difficult due to the broad space of options in early stages (e.g., as compared to parametric automation tools which are typically applicable in concept refinement stages or detail design). However, developing a useful mind map often demands a considerable time investment from a diverse design team. To facilitate the process of creating mind maps, we present an approach to crowdsourcing both concepts and binning of said concepts, using a mix of human evaluators and machine learning. The resulting computer-aided mind map has a significantly higher average concept novelty, and no significant difference in average feasibility (quantity can be set independently) as manually generated mind maps, includes distinct concepts, and reduces cost in terms of the designers' time. This approach has the potential to make early-stage ideation faster, scalable and parallelizable, while creating alternative approaches to searching for a breadth and diversity of ideas. Emerging research explores the use of machine learning and other advanced computational techniques to amplify the mind mapping process. This work demonstrates the use of the both the EM-SVD, and HDBSCAN algorithms in an inferential clustering approach to reduce the number of one-to-one comparisons required in forming clusters of concepts. Crowdsourced human effort assists the process for both concept generation and clustering in the mind map. This process provides a viable approach to augment ideation methods, reduces the workload on a design team, and thus provides an efficient and useful machine learning based clustering approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide mortality is 12 times higher in psychotic patients compared to the general population. Identifying the characteristics of suicidal patients among this group might help in preventing such behavior. Aims: To assess the predictors of suicidal risk in patients hospitalized due to acute psychosis. Methods: A total of 150 patients (age 18–60 years) admitted with acute psychotic features were recruited. Patients were evaluated clinically by the Arabic version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI.) Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI). Results: Forty-four out of 150 patients (29.33%) reported having current and/or previous history of suicidal ideation. Patients with major depression showed the highest suicidal tendencies followed by delusional disorder, bipolar disorder, psychosis related to substance abuse and schizophrenia. The more severe the psychotic symptoms, the more suicidal tendencies shown by patients. Predictors for suicidal ideation included diagnostic category, severity of psychotic features, unemployement and younger age. Conclusion: Patients with psychosis that require admission to hospital carry a high risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. Factors like unemployment, young age, psychiatric diagnosis and severity of psychosis could be predictors for suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Suicide is a complicated health problem and is a leading cause of death in the world. Depression is found to be most common cause of suicide. Suicidal ideation is precursor and predictor of suicide. So study was conducted to assess socio-demographic and clinical profile of depressed patient with suicidal ideation Materials and Methods: A Retrospective study was conducted among 136 depressed patients, which fulfill selection criteria. Socio-demographic variables, psychiatric and medical history of the patients were recorded in semi-structured Performa and were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Suicidal ideation was found in 33.8% of depressed patients. Suicidal ideation was found significantly higher among males and working class subjects. Past history of depression and suicidal ideation, family history of depression were also found significantly associated with prevalence of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Suicidal ideation was highly prevalent among depressed patients. Being aprecursor of suicide, assessment of its risk factors and treatment can prevent future suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Psychiatric disorders differed markedly in risk of suicidal behaviors. • Suicide rate ranked: substance abuse > bipolar disorders > psychotic disorders > major depression. • Women had more ideation and attempts; men, more violent suicidal behavior and deaths. : As modern studies evaluating suicidal behaviors in large samples of major psychiatric disorder patients are rare, we compared suicidal risks associated with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses. : We quantified rates of intake suicidal ideation and lifetime attempts, suicides, and violent acts (attempts + suicides) in 6050 adult patients in a European psychiatric center, diagnosed with 12 prevalent, DSM-5 psychiatric disorders. : Ideation ranged from 53.9% of subjects with bipolar disorder (BD) with mixed features, to 8.70% in anxiety disorders. Subjects making at least one suicide attempt were most prevalent in BD with mixed or psychotic features. Suicide rates ranked: substance abuse > BD with psychotic features > psychotic disorders ≥ BD-I > major depressive disorder (MDD). Suicidal intensity (acts/100 PEY) was highest with BD, psychotic disorders, and MDD; lethality (lower attempt/suicide ratio) was greatest with substance abuse, psychotic disorders, and BD with psychotic features. Rates of suicidal acts in BD vs. MDD were similarly high among ever-hospitalized subjects but much lower in never-hospitalized MDD subjects. Women had higher overall risks of ideation and attempts, but violent acts and suicide were more likely among men, whereas SMR for suicide was greater among women, presumably reflecting very low risks among women in the regional general population. : Suicidal risks were particularly high in BD with psychotic or mixed features as well as with substance abuse and in severe MDD with hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the futures of the public sphere and shared reality as a commons, examining the forces that have led to an epistemological crisis. Using a commons perspective, actor network theory and causal layered analysis, dimensions of the epistemological crisis are explored and reframed, providing four scenarios with accompanying metaphors: the gladiatorial pit, the re-education camp, the boarding school, and the permaculture garden. The article concludes with a call to action to integrate universalist and pluralist sciences and knowledges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: As modern studies evaluating suicidal behaviors in large samples of major psychiatric disorder patients are rare, we compared suicidal risks associated with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses.Methods: We quantified rates of intake suicidal ideation and lifetime attempts, suicides, and violent acts (attempts + suicides) in 6050 adult patients in a European psychiatric center, diagnosed with 12 prevalent, DSM-5 psychiatric disorders.Results: Ideation ranged from 53.9% of subjects with bipolar disorder (BD) with mixed features, to 8.70% in anxiety disorders. Subjects making at least one suicide attempt were most prevalent in BD with mixed or psychotic features. Suicide rates ranked: substance abuse > BD with psychotic features > psychotic disorders ≥ BD-I > major depressive disorder (MDD). Suicidal intensity (acts/100 PEY) was highest with BD, psychotic disorders, and MDD; lethality (lower attempt/suicide ratio) was greatest with substance abuse, psychotic disorders, and BD with psychotic features. Rates of suicidal acts in BD vs. MDD were similarly high among ever-hospitalized subjects but much lower in never-hospitalized MDD subjects. Women had higher overall risks of ideation and attempts, but violent acts and suicide were more likely among men, whereas SMR for suicide was greater among women, presumably reflecting very low risks among women in the regional general population.Conclusions: Suicidal risks were particularly high in BD with psychotic or mixed features as well as with substance abuse and in severe MDD with hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novice design students struggle to engage with early stage design visualization tools such as sketching and prototyping. Instead students have a preference for designing with digital tools such as CAD modelling, motivated by inhibitions around sketching skill, which in turn leads to fixation and sunk cost effects. These behaviors present a barrier to engaging in typical practices of expert designers, namely idea fluency described as generating a wide range of ideas quickly and avoiding favoring one single idea. Noting the recent success of LEGO Serious Play in engaging non-designers in design activities in business and innovation contexts, we explore whether using LEGO as a visualization tool can trigger a behavior change in student designers towards idea fluency. This paper presents a study comparing student attitudes and design behavior when designing with LEGO, in comparison to sketching and cardboard modelling. Findings illustrate how LEGO's comparative low fidelity leads to students to be more willing to change and modify initial ideas, reduces inhibitions related to visual quality, and reinterpret and iterate designs. Based on these findings we illustrate how designing with LEGO can mitigate issues of inhibition, fixation, and sunk cost design behaviors concluding that LEGO can trigger behavior change toward idea fluency. As such we see compelling evidence to integrate LEGO as an educational design activity for novice designers used early in the design process to illustrate and trigger idea fluency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the turn of the century, interdisciplinary research on networks—their formation, structure, and influence—has advanced so rapidly, it is now a science unto itself, offering new and powerful quantitative tools for studying human behavior, whose potential psychologists are just beginning to glimpse. Among these tools is a formula for quantifying assortativity, the propensity of similar people to be socially connected with one another more often than their dissimilar counterparts. With this formula, this investigation establishes a foundation for examining assortative patterns in suicidal behavior and highlights how they can be exploited for improved prevention. Specifically, the established clustering of suicide fatalities in time and space implies such fatalities have assortative features. This suggests other forms of suicide-related behavior may as well. Thus, the assortativity of suicide-related verbalizations (SRVs) was examined by machine coding 64 million posts from 17 million users of a large social media platform—Twitter—over 2 distinct 28-day periods. Users were defined as socially linked in the network if they mutually replied to each other at least once. Results show SRVs were significantly more assortative than chance, through 6 degrees of separation. This implies that if a person posts SRVs, their friends' friends' friends' friends' friends' friends are more likely than chance to do the same even though they have never met. SRVs also remained significantly assortative through 2 degrees, even when mood was controlled. Discussion illustrates how these assortative patterns can be exploited to improve the true-positive rate of suicide risk screenings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]