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For Jung, the discovery of type differences represented the beginning of his individuation journey, and his experiential discovery can model the path of learning about psychological type. A course on psychological type can enable individuals to discover empirically Jung's revelations about the psyche if it is structured like the individuation journey itself: beginning with differentiation of the preferred functions, proceeding to the inferior function at the midpoint of the journey, and concluding with an exploration of the unconscious functions. Such a pedagogical method mandates a non-prescriptive approach that empowers students to lead their own learning, an approach expressed by the Taoist concept of wu wei. Psychological Types references wu wei as a means of balancing consciousness and the unconscious. Sometimes Jung's typology is thought to deal only with consciousness, but in fact it represented Jung's own eightfold way into the unconscious. To illustrate the dynamic interaction of conscious and unconscious functions, John Beebe's eight-function eight-archetype model is an indispensable tool, because it illuminates the unconscious opposites inherent in each type and connects them with archetypal complexes. With the aid of Beebe's model, students can plot a typological trajectory of development for their journey to the Self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes an appreciation of the importance of cooperative work carried out by institutions with judicial police functions, as well as the relationships around the approach and treatment of the crime of home theft. In addition, it specifies the contributions of each of the institutions and the ideal way of operating according to their function, because the Police Function corresponds to an administrative management of the exercise of specific powers assigned by the police power to the administrative police authorities. Finally, some security cooperation strategies are exposed to counteract this crime as a result of an investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intuition is central in the work, practice, and philosophical legacy of C. G. Jung. In this paper, I will first discuss the importance of intuition for Jung in the paradigm usually designated the 'paranormal'. Jung was attracted to intuition as an extra-ordinary gift or function in the traditional sense, and this is considered here in relation to his 1896-1899 Zofingia Lectures and 1902 On the Psychology and Pathology of So-called Occult Phenomena: A Psychiatric Study. A significant development then occurred in 1913, when esotericist intuitions were turned toward psychological use with Jung's Red Book. There, his personal and private use of intuition - and we know how extraordinarily intuitive he was - led Jung to fully incorporate intuition at the core of his psychology. Not only in his practice, in the crucial intuitive form of empathy, but as we will see, also at the very heart of his theory. In 1921, Jung wrote Psychological Types, where intuition became one - the first - of the four fundamental functions and types of the psyche next to thinking, feeling, and sensation. In 1921, Jung proved to the world in rational argument that intuition was no longer a psychologist's hobby for table turning, but the most significant function of the psyche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the results of a basic research focused on mathematical modelling and the use of the obtained model in the near reality context. Students obtained a model, a function, and apply it to answer questions located within a real world problem, which approximates the experience to the recommendations of the OECD/PISA problem solving. This work intended to assess the acquisition of math skills of students associated with the model obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In humans, the cells at the embryonic disk stage can, under certain conditions, differentiate into all types of cells in the body: such cells are totipotent. In adults, a subpopulation of cells participates in in vivo homeostasis of each of the tissues forming the orofacial zone and gives rise to cells specific for each tissue type. These cells are known as pluripotent stem cells. Research is currently under way both in vitro and in vivo to explore and exploit the therapeutic potential of stem cells. In the orofacial zone, these cells are present in tissues, accessible to the practitioner and can be used for regenerative therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Premier niveau de référence de la pyramide sanitaire du Bénin, les hôpitaux de zone sanitaire s'acquittent de leurs missions dans un contexte difficile. L'objectif de la présente étude a été d'évaluer la performance de l'hôpital de la zone sanitaire de Comè en 2013. Méthodes: L'étude était transversale, descriptive et évaluative. Les services retenus ont été sélectionnés par choix raisonné du fait de leur contribution au paquet d'activités de l'hôpital. Les clients externes et internes ont été sélectionnés par commodité. Les membres du conseil de gestion de l'hôpital de zone, les responsables d'organisation à base communautaire, les partenaires techniques et financiers ainsi que des chefs d'arrondissement ont été sélectionné par choix raisonné. La performance de l'hôpital a été mesurée à travers trois critères que sont la qualité des prestations, leur équité d'accès et leur pérennité. L'analyse des données a été faite sur la base de critères en utilisant une cotation analytique puis temporelle. Résultats: La performance de l'hôpital de la zone sanitaire de Comè était très faible au premier semestre 2013 avec une qualité des prestations cotée à 35%, une équité d'accès cotée à 50% et une pérennité des actions cotée à 11%. Seul le niveau d'application de la fonction gouvernance était moyen. La méconnaissance des attributions des représentants de la communauté dans les instances de l'hôpital a constitué une limite à leur implication dans l'exercice des fonctions de l'hôpital. Les partenaires techniques et financiers ont participé au renforcement institutionnel de l'hôpital en termes d'amélioration du plateau technique. Conclusion: L'application des fonctions de l'hôpital et une meilleure implication de la communauté ainsi que des partenaires contribueront à l'amélioration de la performance de l'hôpital de la zone sanitaire de Comè. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate how sex, age, and the kind of treatment followed affect weight loss in overweight men and women, as well as to develop an explanation for the evolution of weight-loss dynamics. The study consisted of 119 overweight participants (18-50 years old, body mass index >25 and <29.9 kg·m-2), who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment programs, namely, strength training ( n = 30), endurance training ( n = 30), a combination of strength training and endurance training ( n = 30), and a careful treatment including diet and physical recommendations ( n = 29). Each of the training groups exercised 3 times per week for 24 weeks, and their daily diet was restricted to a specific protocol during the testing period and controlled carefully. Body weight changes in the participants were evaluated every 15 days. Based on this study, we developed and validated different sets of equations to accurately capture the weight-loss dynamics. There were no significant differences in terms of global body weight changes from the statistical viewpoint, either regarding the carried out treatment or the individuals' ages. However, significant differences in weight-loss tendency were found depending on participant sex. We concluded that the effectiveness of different possible treatments for weight loss varies by sex and, based on our experimental observations, a quadratic function provides the most accurate model for capturing specific weight-loss dynamics. This trial is registered at Clinical Trials Gov.: number NCT01116856. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inland wetlands are numerous in Spain and have been classified in a broad range of categories. At present, the most relevant classification is that applied by River Basin Authorities for the identification of water bodies, according to the EU Water Framework Directive. This typology recognises up to 27 different types of inland lake in Spain. The aims of this paper are to review current knowledge about the evaluation of the ecosystem services provided by inland wetlands, and to present a discussion about two cases that have been subject to economic evaluation. The results obtained highlight the fact that little work has been done in Spain on this topic, thus opening up new lines of research. In particular, a significant amount of work is required to identify and characterize specific ecosystem services provided by wetlands in Mediterranean conditions, which in turn will do a great deal to highlight the importance of their conservation. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M.C. Acreman Citation de la Hera, A. Fornés, J.M. and Bernués, M., 2011. Ecosystem services of inland wetlands from the perspective of the EU Water Framework Directive implementation in Spain. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 56 (8), 1656–1666. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: The ecosystem services concept is used in different scientific disciplines and is spreading into policy and business circles to draw attention to the benefits that people receive from biodiversity and ecosystems. However, the concept remains multiform and is used interchangeably with a range of other terms such as ecological, landscape or environmental services. We argue that lexical differences, in fact, result from different understandings of the concept, which could slow its use in nature conservation or sustainable resource use. An application to semi-natural grasslands shows that such differences could lead to very different assessments, of quality, quantity and location of ecosystem services. We argue that a compromise must be found between a broad and simple definition, which is useful for communicating the concept and large-scale policies, and a more refined definition for research and implementation goals such as environmental management and national and international assessments and accounting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Résumé: On construit la théorie des périodes pour les formes modulaires de poids 1, qui étend la théorie classique pour les formes de poids supérieur, et la théorie des périodes pour les formes de Maass. On transporte les structures usuelles sur les formes modulaires dans l’espace des périodes (produit scalaire de Petersson, opérateurs de Hecke). On donne une interprétation cohomologique de l’isomorphisme de périodes, et on étend la construction des périodes aux formes non paraboliques. Enfin, on montre que la période d’une forme modulaire f est déterminée par les valeurs aux entiers négatifs des fonctions L tordues par des symboles modulaires, ce qui permet de reconstruire f à partir de ces valeurs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, some aspects of the ideas of real function, continuous function, domain of a function and integral are investigated in the learning of mathematics, mainly referred to Italian High School (pupils aged 16-19 years); the status of these concepts in classroom practice is studied by some tests. The role of representations is important in the learning of mathematics; in particular, the influence of visualization is studied: the graphic representation (namely the Cartesian representation of a function) is often tacitly considered the main act of the study of a mathematical function; this procedure may be ineffective for the correct characterization of a concept and for the full development of the ability to use and to co-ordinate registers of representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human mast cells and basophils are hematopoietic stem cell-derived elements with quite similar morphological features. Their differentiation pathways are under the control of different cytokines, namely Stem Cell Factor for mast cells and Interleukin-3 for basophils. While mast cells are tissue-resident elements, basophils are found exclusively in the bloodstream. In contrast to basophils, mast cells are heterogeneous in morphology and function, depending on their tissue location. Because both cell types express the high affinity receptor for IgE, they can play a critical role in IgE-dependent allergic reactions. Nevertheless, when activated through this receptor, they release somewhat different panels of mediators. In addition, both of these cell types, but particularly mast cells, can also play a role in innate immunity. Through the various mediators they release, they are able to control various adaptive responses of the immune system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]