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The article discusses about spatial interplay patterns of cancer nuclei and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Topics including why improved biomarkers are required, how an image analysis can be used to capture morphologic attributes, and demonstrating how the classifier trained with NSCLC was associated in gynecological cancer.

A short-term traffic flow prediction framework is proposed for urban road networks based on data-driven methods that mainly include two modules. The first module contains a set of algorithms to process traffic flow data. After analysis and repair, a complete data set without outliers is provided as well as a data set containing pairs of road segments that are the most similar to each other in regard to their trends. The second module focuses on multiple time-step short-term forecasting. With a good understanding of the periodicity and randomness of traffic flow, the time series is first decomposed into a trend series and residual series. After reconstructing the two time series, model training and prediction based on a long short-term memory-recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) are performed. Finally, the two results are combined together to form the final prediction. A model evaluation is performed using two urban road networks. The results show that the data processing module can effectively improve the data quality, reduce the training time and enhance the model robustness. The LSTM-RNN correctly identifies the time trend and spatial similarity of traffic flow and obtains a more accurate multiple time-step prediction. The proposed framework outperforms other deep learning algorithms and has better accuracy and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interaction of phenol and naphthol with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and their competitive behavior on rGO were examined by batch experiments, spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations. The batch sorption showed that the removal percentage of phenol or naphthol on rGO in bisolute systems was significantly lower than those of phenol or naphthol in single-solute systems. However, the overall sorption capacity of rGO in bisolute system was higher than single-solute system, indicating that the rGO was a very suitable material for the simultaneous elimination of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. The interaction mechanism was mainly p-p interactions and hydrogen bonds, which was evidenced by FTIR, Raman and theoretical calculation. FTIR and Raman showed that a blue shift of C?C and -OH stretching modes and the enhanced intensity ratios of ID/IG after phenols sorption. The theoretical calculation indicated that the total hydrogen bond numbers, diffusion constant and solvent accessible surface area of naphthol were higher than those of phenol, indicating higher sorption affinity of rGO for naphthol as compared to phenol. These findings were valuable for elucidating the interaction mechanisms between phenols and graphene-based materials, and provided an essential start in simultaneous removal of organics from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of heavy metals in the industrial effluents has recently been a challenging issue for human health. Efficient removal of heavy metal ions from environment is one of the most important issues from biological and environmental point of view, and many studies have been devoted to investigate the environmental behavior of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) for the removal of toxic heavy metal ions, present both in the surface and underground wastewater. The aim of this review is to show the excellent removal capacity and environmental remediation of NZVI-based materials for various heavy metal ions. A new look on NZVI-based materials (e.g., modified or matrix-supported NZVI materials) and possible interaction mechanism (e.g., adsorption, reduction and oxidation) and the latest environmental application. The effects of various environmental conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, coexisting oxy-anions and cations) and potential problems for the removal of heavy metal ions on NZVI-based materials with the DFT theoretical calculations and EXAFS technology are discussed. Research shows that NZVI-based materials have satisfactory removal capacities for heavy metal ions and play an important role in the environmental pollution cleanup. Possible improvement of NZVI-based materials and potential areas for future applications in environment remediation are also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted considerable attention because of its remarkable enhanced adsorption and multifunctional properties. However, the toxic properties of GO nanosheets released into the environment could lead to the instability of biological system. In aqueous phase, GO may interact with fine mineral particles, such as chloridion intercalated nanocrystallined Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDH-Cl) and nanocrystallined Mg/Al LDHs (LDH-CO3), which are considered as coagulant molecules for the coagulation and removal of GO from aqueous solutions. Herein the coagulation of GO on LDHs were studied as a function of solution pH, ionic strength, contact time, temperature and coagulant concentration. The presence of LDH-Cl and LDH-CO3 improved the coagulation of GO in solution efficiently, which was mainly attributed to the surface oxygen-containing functional groups of LDH-Cl and LDH-CO3 occupying the binding sites of GO. The coagulation of GO by LDH-Cl and LDH-CO3 was strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength. Results of theoretical DFT calculations indicated that the coagulation of GO on LDHs was energetically favored by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, which was further evidenced by FT1R and XPS analysis. By integrating the experimental results, it was clear that LDH-Cl could be potentially used as a cost-effective coagulant for the elimination of GO from aqueous solutions, which could efficiently decrease the potential toxicity of GO in the natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein the sorption of Eu(III) and 243Am(III) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied, and the results show that Eu(III) and 243Am(III) could form strong inner-sphere surface complexes on CNT surfaces. However, the sorption of Eu(III) on CNTs is stronger than that of 243Am(III) on CNTs, suggesting the difference in the interaction mechanisms or properties of Eu(III) and 243Am(III) with CNTs, which is quite different from the results of Eu(III) and 243Am(III) interaction on natural clay minerals and oxides. On the basis of the results of density functional theory calculations, the binding energies of Eu(III) on CNTs are much higher than those of 243Am(III) on CNTs, indicating that Eu(III) could form stronger complexes with the oxygen-containing functional groups of CNTs than 243Am(III), which is in good agreement with the experimental results of higher sorption capacity of CNTs for Eu(III). The oxygen-containing functional groups contribute significantly to the uptake of Eu(III) and 243Am(III), and the binding affinity increases in the order of =S--OH < =S--COOH < =S--COO-. This paper highlights the interaction mechanism of Eu(III) and 243Am(III) with different oxygen-containing functional groups of CNTs, which plays an important role for the potential application of CNTs in the preconcentration, removal, and separation of trivalent lanthanides and actinides in environmental pollution cleanup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The NLRP3 inflammasome is overactivated in the brains of APP/PS1 transgenic mice and AD patients, and mitophagy has an obvious negative regulatory role on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The protective effect of melatonin in AD may be related to the regulation of mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activity. TFEB plays a critical role in maintaining autophagy/mitophagy. Studies have found that TFEB plays a protective role in AD. Methods. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were given melatonin in their drinking water for 3 months. Compared with mice without melatonin treatment, the mice given melatonin showed changes in the following features: (1) cognitive function, (2) mitophagy-related proteins in the brain, (3) ROS, (4) NLRP3 inflammasome and related proteins and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, and (5) Aβ deposition. In in vitro experiments, effects of melatonin on mitophagy, NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and TFEB in SH-SY5Y cells with Aβ25-35 were observed. TFEB knockdown was implemented in combination with Aβ25-35 and melatonin treatment, and the expressions of TFEB, Parkin, p62, IL-1β, caspase-1, ROS, and IL-18 were explored. Results. Melatonin improved cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and decreased ROS and senile plaques. Melatonin promoted mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells with Aβ25-35 and APP/PS1 transgenic mice. NLRP3 inflammasome activity was inhibited, and the concentrations of IL-18 and IL-1βwere clearly reduced. Compared with C57/BL6J mice, the amount of TFEB in the brain nucleus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice was decreased. Melatonin treatment increased the nuclear translocation of TFEB in SH-SY5Y cells. TFEB knockout was implemented in combination with Aβ25-35 and MT treatment; the expressions of Parkin, p62, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and ROS were accelerated. Conclusions. Melatonin promotes mitophagy by inducing TFEB nuclear translocation, downregulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and exerts protective effects in SH-SY5Y cells and APP/PS1 transgenic mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) and Eu(III) on carbonaceous nanofibers (CNFs) was investigated using batch, IR, XPS, XANES, and EXAFS techniques. The pH-dependent adsorption indicated that the adsorption of U(VI) on the CNFs was significantly higher than the adsorption of Eu(III) at pH < 7.0. The maximum adsorption capacity of the CNFs calculated from the Langmuir model at pH 4.5 and 298 K for U(VI) and Eu(III) were 125 and 91 mg/g, respectively. The CNFs displayed good recyclability and recoverability by regeneration experiments. Based on XPS and XANES analyses, the enrichment of U(VI) and Eu(III) was attributed to the abundant adsorption sites (e.g., -OH and -COOH groups) of the CNFs. IR analysis further demonstrated that -COOH groups were more responsible for U(VI) adsorption. In addition, the remarkable reducing agents of the R-CH2OH groups were responsible for the highly efficient adsorption of U(VI) on the CNFs. The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) on the CNFs at pH 4.5 was shifted from inner- to outer-sphere surface complexation with increasing initial concentration, whereas the surface (co)precipitate (i.e., schoepite) was observed at pH 7.0 by EXAFS spectra. The findings presented herein play an important role in the removal of radionuclides on inexpensive and available carbon-based nanoparticles in environmental cleanup applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]