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In the current research, the dynamic behavior of the spherical nanoshell subjected to a moving harmonic load in hygro-thermo environment is examined for the first time. A size-dependent nonlocal shell theory is dedicated to ponder the nonlocality. The first-order shear deformation theory is dedicated to inquire the shear impacts along with the thickness of the shell. To ponder the effects of the thermal and moisture conditions on the dynamic responses of the nanoshell, we apply the nonlinear relations for temperature and moisture fields. In the current study, it is assumed that the nanoshell is subjected to a moving harmonic load which moves the upper surface of the nanoshell with a certain velocity along the path $ {x_2} = \frac{b}{2} $ x 2 = b 2 . Hamilton's axiom is dedicated to achieve the governing equations of motion. Then, the Navier solution technique is dedicated to derive the dynamic responses of the nanoshell with simply-supported boundary conditions. The impacts of several parameters are examined on the dynamic behavior of the nanoshell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a metal ion‐modulated effective strategy to achieve different metal‐organic framework (MOF) micro/nanostructures using different metal precursors like CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2O, CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2O and NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O, and NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O with pyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate (3,5‐pdc). The structural characterizations confirm that different morphological structures, hollow microsphere, hierarchical nanoflower, and solid nanosphere are for Co‐(3,5‐pdc), Co0.19Ni0.81‐(3,5‐pdc), and Ni‐(3,5‐pdc), respectively. These different MOF micro/nanostructures correlate with the coordination ability of Co and Ni with 3,5‐pdc. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of the alloying metal nodes of Co and Ni producing rapid and rich redox reactions and the hierarchical nanoflower with higher surface area enabling excellent ion kinetics, the Co0.19Ni0.81‐(3,5‐pdc) exhibits higher specific capacitance of 515 F g−1/273 C g−1at 0.5 A g−1 than that of Ni‐(3,5‐pdc) (290 F g−1/153.7 C g−1) and Co‐(3,5‐pdc) (132 F g−1/67 C g−1), good rate capability and cycling stability. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor device (Co0.19Ni0.81‐(3,5‐pdc)//AC) assembled from Co0.19Ni0.81‐(3,5‐pdc) and activated carbon (AC) achieves a maximum energy density of 42.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 277.3 W kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese (Mn) is now known to have a variety of toxicities, particularly when exposed to it in the workplace. However, there are still ineffective methods for reducing Mn's hazardous effects. In this study, a new selenium polysaccharide (Se-PCS) was developed from the shell of Camellia oleifera to reduce Mn toxicity in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that Se-PCS may boost cell survival in Hep G2 cells exposed to Mn and activate antioxidant enzyme activity, lowering ROS and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, after being treated with Se-PCS, Caenorhabditis elegans survived longer under Mn stress. daf-16, a tolerant critical gene, was turned on. Moreover, the antioxidant system was enhanced as the increase in strong antioxidant enzyme activity and high expression of the sod-3, ctl-2, and gst-1 genes. A variety of mutations were also used to confirm that Se-PCS downregulated the insulin signaling pathway. These findings showed that Se-PCS protected Hep G2 cells and C. elegans via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway and that it could be developed into a promising medication to treat Mn toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are a standard therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitive mutations. However, acquired resistance emerges following a median of 6–12 months. Several studies demonstrated that EGFR-TKI-induced tumor microenvironment stresses and autophagy are important causes of resistance. The current review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in EGFR-mediated regulation of autophagy. The role of autophagy in EGFR-TKI treatment, which may serve a role in protection or cell death, was discussed. Furthermore, co-inhibiting EGFR and autophagy signaling as a rational therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients with NSCLC was explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • A series of cationic pyridine analogues were synthesized and established fluorescence probes with organic dye. • This kind of fluorescence assemblies possessed high sensitivity for monosaccharides. • The assembly of TCTB/HPTS can recognize three main components of Chinese herb forsythia. • The assembly of TCTB/HPTS had a high selectivity response for forsythoside A. Abstract A series of new cationic pyridine analogues modified boronic acid were synthesized and established fluorescence probes with dye 8-hydroxypyrene- 1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS). This kind cationic pyridine analogues as quenchers/connectors in two-components probes displayed higher sensitivity and selectivity for monosaccharides than that of boronic acid functionalized benzyl viologens (BBVs) as quenchers. To investigate the effects of the number of positive charges and boronic acid of these quenchers/connectors, a series of new assemblies comprised of HPTS dye as fluorophor and pyridine analogues as quenchers/connectors were established and employed to detect monosaccharides, respectively. These results displayed that TCTB with three positive charges and three boronic acid groups could interact with anionic dye HPTS forming the most sensitive two-component sensor for monosaccharides. Furthermore, TCTB/HPTS assembly may be also employed to detect saccharides in the blood of diabetes patient. Notably, the assembly could distinguish the three main glycosides of the herb forsythia and had a high selectivity for forsythoside A. The work not only provided high effective two-component probes but also exploited a new mode for detecting and distinguishing main ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel rhodamine B derivative (CAXO) with multi-stimuli responsive color-change behavior was designed and synthesized. It combined the advantages of better electron transport capability of carbazole and high fluorescence quantum yield of rhodamine. The material displayed excellent photophysical, thermal and electrochemical properties in the ground state. Its color-change behavior under multiple excitation modes was studied. By respectively introducing ions, UV light irradiation and electro-excitation, the spectra of CAXO could be obviously changed. Molecular modeling and NMR spectroscopy were used to verify the rationalization of the multistimulus color-change behavior. Interestingly, the color change property of the material can be reflected in an animal cartoon and ‘SXDX’ logo. We reasonably believe that the material is promising for application in the field of multi-functional photoelectric materials and will provide a new platform for the design and development of excellent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The release of therapeutic ions during dissolution is necessary for the success of bioactive glasses in medical applications. Therefore, different borate and borosilicate glasses undoped and doped with copper or/and zinc based on the 13–93 composition were tested and compared to the well-known 13–93 bioactive glass in several dissolution media. Prior to dissolution studies, all glasses were characterized using SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, DTA and hot stage microscopy (HSM). Dissolution studies were carried out using tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) buffer and simulated body fluid (SBF) under static conditions. The dissolution rates varied following the trend of borate glasses > borosilicate glasses > silicate glasses. Further, the release of boron from both borate and borosilicate glasses was inhibited in SBF compared to TRIS. The dissolution of the glasses was additionally tested in SBF under dynamic conditions to better mimic the human body environment. Under these conditions, Cu-doped glass released up to 10 mg/L of Cu2+, which is the critical biological level of Cu2+ for the survival of fibroblasts. In order to mimic the conditions that may develop locally during the degradation of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite or during a bacterial infection, dissolution studies were for the first time also carried out using a lactic acid solution at pH = 2. Zinc was only released from the Zn-doped glasses under acidic conditions. Owing to the antibacterial property of Zn2+, these results are especially interesting for the application of the ion-doped glasses in the treatment or prevention of infections. Highlights • Systematic characterization of dissolution behavior of several glass compositions. • Silicate, borate compositions dissolve differently depending on dissolution media. • During dynamic dissolution, Cu could be controlled released up 10 mg/l. • Zn could be released in acid conditions during dissolution, not in neutral conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A blue emitter, 3,3′-(2,2′-dimethoxy-[1,1′-binaphthalene]-6,6′-diyl)bis(9-benzyl-9H-carbazole), was synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. The photophysical properties of the emitter in solution were firstly investigated by UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence emission techniques. The results indicate that the emitter has excellent optical and electron transfer properties. The maximum absorption and emission peaks of the emitter are 302 nm and 406 nm with 67.4% fluorescence quantum yield in chloroform, respectively. Thermal stability study reveals that the emitter has a good thermal stability (Td > 330 °C, Tg > 160 °C). Electrochemical Redox properties of the emitters were measured by cyclic voltammetry, and the energy gaps of highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels are in good agreement with the results of theoretical calculation. Furthermore, the multilayer electrochemcial device with the emitter was fabricated and its properties were explored. The wavelength of electroluminescence for the device with this emitter locates at 428 nm. These results indicate the emitter as a deep blue-emitting material has promising application in organic light-emitting diode devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a reliable method based on CH 4 -Ar mixed gas plasma DRC-ICP-MS was developed for direct determination of trace Ge in river samples. The interfering polyatomic ions 36 Ar 2 + , 56 Fe 16 O + , 40 Ar 32 S + , 40 Ar 16 O 2 + , 55 Mn 16 OH + on 72 Ge + determination could be reduced by 68% using the DRC with CH 4 as the reaction gas. In addition, the CH 4 gas was introduced to the ICP plasma at 2 mL min −1 , the signal intensity of 72 Ge + was increased by a factor of 3.3 and the background signal (at m / z 72) was decreased to 29.4%. The method’s signal to background ratio (SBR) was improved 11-fold (from 5 to 55). Under the optimized conditions, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.012 μg L −1 , and the reproducibility (RSD) was generally less than 3%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of trace Ge in river samples, and the spiked recoveries was in the range of 95.0%–112%. The accuracy of determination results of proposed method was validated by that of standard addition method, and the determination results of two methods were in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of substituting KO for NaO on the physical and chemical properties of 15 glasses in the system NaO-KO-CaO-PO-SiO was studied for three series: low (52 mol% SiO), medium (60 mol% SiO) and high (66 mol% SiO) silica. The SiO content expressed as weight-% varied from 46 to 64 wt%, thus suggesting that the compositions were either bioactive or biocompatible. The crystallization tendency and sintering behavior were studied using differential thermal analysis and hot stage microscopy. Formation of silica- and hydroxy-apatite-rich layers were studied for glass plates immersed in static simulated body fluid. The release of inorganic ions into Tris buffer solution was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer in dynamic and static conditions. Substitution of KO for NaO suggested mixed alkali effect (MAE) for the thermal properties with a minimum value around 25% substitution. With increased share of KO in total alkali oxides, the hot working window markedly expanded in each series. Silica and hydroxyapatite layers were seen only on the low silica glasses, while a thin silica-rich layer formed on the other glasses. In each series, greater dissolution of alkali and alkali earth ions was seen from K-rich glasses. Clear MAE and preferential ion dissolution were recorded for medium and high silica series, while for low silica glasses, the initial MAE dissolution trends become rapidly covered by other simultaneous surface reactions. MAE enables designing especially low silica bioactive glasses for improved hot working properties and medium and high silica glasses for controlled dissolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile fluorescent receptor for Cr(VI) anions was designed and prepared by 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-dicarbaldehyde and 2-aminobenzenethiol. The interactions of the receptor with various anions were investigated through UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra, respectively. Experimental results revealed that the receptor could recognize Cr(VI) anions with high selectivity and sensitivity in H 2 O/DMSO mixed medium. A fluorescence “on-off” signal of the receptor to Cr(VI) anions was observed and verified by 1 H NMR and density functional theory (DFT). The detection limit of the receptor for Cr(VI) may be up to 10 −7 mol/L. Additionally, the receptor as a fluorescent probe can be used to detect the content of Cr(VI) anions in milks, and displayed good accuracy and sensitivity. The work provides a new strategy for detecting Cr(VI) and developing the application in practical samples and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent past, the development of efficient materials for degradation and detoxification of antibiotics has gained more attention in wastewater treatment process. As a visible light active material AgVO 3 has attracted much concern in environmental remediation. To improve its efficiency and stability, a novel heterojunction was prepared by combining AgVO 3 with rGO and BiVO 4 through a hydrothermal method. The prepared AgVO 3 /rGO/BiVO 4 composite was further utilized for effective detoxification of Norfloxacin (NFC) antibiotic. The morphological analysis revealed the clear rod shaped AgVO 3 and leaf like BiVO 4 that are evenly distributed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers. The visible light absorbance and the catalytic activity of AgVO 3 /rGO/BiVO 4 was dramatically improved compared to pure AgVO 3 and BiVO 4. From the results it showed that the degradation efficiency of AgVO 3 /rGO/BiVO 4 (∼96.1%, k = 0.01782 min−1) was 2.5 times higher than pure AgVO 3 and 3.4 times higher than the pure BiVO 4 respectively towards NFC after 90 min. The higher efficiency could be attributed to the heterojunction formation and faster charge separation. The radical trapping experiments results indicated that the •OH, and O 2 •− are the main species responsible for degradation. The degradation products of NFC were analysed through ESI-LC/MS and pathway was proposed. Furthermore, the toxicity assessment of pure NFC and its degradation products was studied using E. coli as the model bacteria through colony forming unit assay and the results indicated the efficient detoxification was attained during the degradation process. Thus, our study provides new insight into detoxification of antibiotics using AgVO 3 based composites [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elucidate whether cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) improves depression-like behavior of post-stroke depression (PSD) via regulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) were used to develop a rat PSD model. CES was applied, and RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) was injected into the hippocampus to inhibit GPX4 in PSD rats. The depression behavior was detected by sucrose preference and forced swimming tests. The structure and morphology of the hippocampus were observed and analyzed by histopathological hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of GPX4 and BDNF in the hippocampus were detected by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical analysis.The degeneration and necrosis of hippocampal neurons, the depression-like behavior were severer and the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus were decreased in PSD rats than those in MCAO and control groups. CES promoted the hippocampal neuron repair, alleviated the depression-like behavior and increased the expression of BDNF in PSD rats. The inhibition of GPX4 by RSL3 exacerbated the depression-like behavior and decreased the expression of BDNF in PSD rats. In addition, we found that RSL3 disrupted the positive effects of CES on the PSD rats. Conclusion: CES improves depression-like behavior of PSD rats through upregulation of GPX4-mediated BDNF expression in the hippocampus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we investigate the function of ROS-AKT-mTOR axis on the apoptosis, proliferation and autophagy of MC3T3-E1 cells, and the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells after autophagy inhibition under high glucose conditions. MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in vitro were divided into the following groups: normal control group, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) group, 11.0 mM high glucose group, 11.0 mM high glucose + NAC group, 22.0 mM high glucose group, 22.0 mM high glucose + NAC group, CQ group, 22.0 mM high glucose + CQ group, 3-MA group and 3-MA + 22.0 mM high glucose group. ROS production was measured by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Cells in different groups were stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI, and then apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Nucleus morphology was observed under fluorescence microscope after being incubated with Honchest33258. Protein expression was measured using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Cell apoptosis and proliferation in high glucose group were increased and decreased, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Autophagy was significantly induced in high glucose group, even though different concentration of glucose induced autophagy in different stages of autophagy. ROS production in MC3T3-E1 cells was remarkably increased in high glucose group, but not in a dose-dependent manner. NAC, as an antioxidant, reduced ROS production and ameliorated cell apoptosis, proliferation abnormity and autophagy caused by high glucose. Expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR proteins were dramatically decreased in high glucose group, and NAC reversed their expression. In addition, 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, significantly decreased the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. When cocultured with 22.0 mM glucose that induced autophagy, proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was not affected compared to 22.0 mM high glucose group. Our present findings reveal that high glucose affects apoptosis, proliferation and autophagy of MC3T3-E1 cells through ROS-AKT-mTOR axis. In addition, autophagy inhibition does not affect the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells under high glucose conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the dissolution of bioactive glasses in acidic solutions. The focus was on lactic acid, thus mimicking the conditions that may develop locally during in vivo degradation of polylactic acid/bioactive glass composites. First, the dissolution of glasses 45S5, S53P4, and S68 was studied in 1.2 m lactic acid. The leaching of ions from 45S5 in lactic acid solution was further compared with the reactions in hydrochloric acid solution. Finally, Tris-buffered solutions in which the pH was adjusted to 7.4 using hydrochloric or lactic acid were used to study the effect of the acidic components on the dissolution of 45S5. The dissolution extent followed the initial acid concentrations: greater in lactic acid and lower in hydrochloric acid of the same initial pH. Rapid, preferential dissolution of Na, Ca, and P took place in lactic acid solution, thus suggesting that locally high concentrations of degradation products of lactic acid may enhance the dissolution of bioactive glass in Polylactic acid composites. When solution pH exceeded 4, calcium phosphate started to form on the glass surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although PEG remains the gold standard for stealth functionalization in drug delivery field up to date, complete inhibition of protein corona formation on PEG-coated nanoparticles remains a challenge. To improve the stealth property of PEG, herein an α-glutamyl group was conjugated to the end of PEG and polymeric micelles with α-glutamyl-terminated PEG shells were prepared. After incubation with bovine serum albumin or in fetal calf serum, the size of the micelles changed slightly, while the size of the micelles of similar diblock copolymer but without α-glutamyl group increased markedly. These results indicated that the micelles with α-glutamyl-terminated PEG shells showed low non-specific protein adsorption. In vivo blood clearance kinetics assay showed that the micelles with α-glutamyl-terminated PEG shells exhibited a longer in vivo blood circulation time compared with similar micelles but without α-glutamyl groups. The better stealth property of the micelles with α-glutamyl-terminated PEG shells was presumably attributed to the zwitterionic property of the α-glutamyl groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to access the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injection in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: Studies were identified from databases (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Biosis Previews, ClincalTrials.gov, CBMdisc) searched to December 2014 using a battery of keywords. We included randomized controlled and controlled clinical trials of people with knee OA comparing the outcomes of pain and function for those receiving MSCs injection with those receiving no MSCs injection. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted relevant data and assessed study quality. Data were pooled and meta-analyses were performed.Results: Seven randomized controlled and controlled clinical trials, studying a total of 314 participants with a diagnosis of knee OA were included. Overall, MSCs injection has no significant effect on pain [weighted mean difference (WMD) (95 % confidence interval (CI)) [-1.33(-3.08, 0.41), P = 0.13], and tends to improve self-reported physical function [standardized mean difference (SMD) (CI) = 2.35(0.92, 3.77), P = 0.001] at the last follow-up. But results from two high quality trials (94 patients) show a positive effect of MSCs injection on pain [WMD(CI) = -0.49 (-0.79, -0.19), P = 0.001]. Heterogeneity observed between studies regarding the effect of MSCs injection on pain and function was explained by the difference of follow-up time, outcome measures, control group, the source and dose of MSCs. The quality of evidence supporting these effect estimates was rated as low.Conclusion: MSCs injection could be potentially efficacious for decreasing pain and may improve physical function in patients with knee OA. The findings of this review should be confirmed using methodologically rigorous and adequately powered clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly sensitive ensemble for monosaccharides was constructed by an anionic dye (HPTS) and a cationic quencher/receptor ( S -BINOLPB). In the ensemble, HPTS is a signal reporting group and its fluorescence is modulated by electron transfer from HPTS to S -BINOLPB. The cationic pyridine salt S -BINOLPB acts as both a quencher and a receptor. Compared with previously reported BBVs/HPTS ensembles, the sensitivity of the ensemble for monosaccharides is higher about 10-fold. The high sensitivity depends on the matched space of hydroxyl groups (monosaccharides) and boron acid groups ( S -BINOLPB), and then efficient charge transfer from B − to N + on the same ring when S -BINOLPB bonded with monosaccharides. Noticeably, the probe may be applied to detect saccharides in blood and urine samples. The type ensemble will be a potential application in diabetes detection and biomedicine fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel EICP-lignin treatment for soil was proposed for the modification of silt in the Yellow River flood area. • The optimum lignin content was approximately 5% for the EICP-lignin treatment of soil. • The relationships between the strength parameters and the lignin level in the treatment were investigated. A novel method that combines enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) and lignin was proposed to improve the mechanical properties of silt in the Yellow River flood area. The silt in this area is characterized by poor particle gradation, weak cohesion and low strength. It is essential to focus on the modification of silt by environmentally friendly methods. The work described in this paper investigated the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), elastic modulus, cohesion, internal friction angle and microstructure of EICP-lignin treated silt. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted, including the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial test. The results proved that the EICP-lignin treatment enhanced silt obtained from the Yellow River flood area. All the strength parameters increased and then decreased with increasing lignin content, and their values were optimum for approximately 5% lignin. Specifically, the optimum UCS strength, cohesion and internal friction angle improved to approximately 5, 10, and 3 times those of untreated silt. In addition, the strength parameters gradually increased with curing time. Microstructure analyses were used to illustrate the physical basis for the improvement in strength with increasing aggregation of lignin and calcite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the benefits of polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as it acts like an efficient reaction mediator for the synthesis of aroylbenzofurans. It discusses the methods of synthesis of benzofuran derivatives which include intramolecular palladium catalyzed arylation of enols, annulation of a furan ring onto a benzene ring and cyclization-coupling. It examines PEG-400 as a solvent medium for the Rap-Stoermer reaction between salicylaldehydes and haloketones.

Abstract: A specific fluorescent switch for anions was successfully constructed. The novel sensing switch is a two-component ensemble, which was combined using a water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte and a boronic acid functionalized pyridine salt. In the ensemble, the polyelectrolyte is used as a fluorescent signal unit, and the pyridine boronic acid acts as receptor and quencher. The two-component ensemble shows a fluorescence reversible “off–on” response toward cyanide and phosphate anions based on different binding ways. Furthermore, the facile design and construction of this ensemble presents a novel opportunity for obtaining an efficient and practical probe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB) thin films were used as protective layers in alternating current plasma display panels (AC-PDPs). The firing voltages and discharge delay time of protective LaB thin films were evaluated and compared with the conventional protective MgO layers in planar-type test panels filled with 5%-15% Ne-Xe. By employing LaB thin films as protective layers, both the firing voltages and discharge delay time decreased drastically. Improvements in the discharge properties of the LaB thin film could be attributed to the lower work function, offering more priming electrons during the discharge process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Anionic water-soluble polyfluorene (PBPSO3Na) and cationic boronic acid functional viologens (BBVs) were synthesized and combined into three new two-component chemosensors of d-monosaccharides, respectively. The sensing abilities of the three chemosensors for detection of d-monosaccharides were determined by fluorescence in a pH 7.4 buffer solution. The results show that o-BBV/PBPSO3Na and m-BBV/PBPSO3Na ensembles both have high selectivity and sensitivity for d-fructose with reversible “on–off” fluorescence responses. Due to different substituted positions of boronic acid groups in BBVs and electrostatic interactions of three BBVs with PBPSO3Na, the sensing order to d-fructose is m-BBV/PBPSO3Na> o-BBV/PBPSO3Na> p-BBV/PBPSO3Na. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An O2-consuming cathode for biofuel cell applications consisting of Trametes hirsuta laccase (ThL) immobilized in an electropolymerized fine-tuned poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) bilayer structure as the catalyst was studied. A NO3 −-doped PEDOT layer with a relatively porous structure was used as the immobilization matrix on which the enzyme was added by solution casting. A capping layer of polystyrene sulphonate, PSS−-doped PEDOT was then electrodeposited on top of the first PEDOT layer in order to entrap the ThL between the layers. The PEDOT-NO3 −/ThL/PEDOT-PSS− enzyme electrode is reported to be able to promote direct electron transfer (DET) between ThL and the current collector and it catalyzes the reduction of O2 into water. The applicability of the PEDOT-NO3 −/ThL/PEDOT-PSS− enzyme electrode structure on ITO glass with a geometrical surface area of 1cm2 as the electrode material was studied. The influence of different enzyme electrode fabrication parameters, such as the dopant ion used during electropolymerization, different combinations of PEDOT films, the thickness of both PEDOT layers and ThL loading on the enzyme electrode performance were investigated by chronoamperometric and cyclic voltammetric measurements. The optimum working pH for the enzyme electrode was found to be in the pH range 3.0–3.5. No enhanced cell performance was recorded when 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) was used as mediator compared to DET in the PEDOT bilayer structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We report on the fabrication and characterisation of a gold-nanoparticle (AuNP)-based mediatorless sugar/oxygen biofuel cell (BFC) operating in neutral sugar-containing buffers and human physiological fluids, such as blood and plasma. First, Corynascus thermophilus cellobiose dehydrogenase (CtCDH) and Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase (MvBOx), used as anodic and cathodic bioelements, respectively, were immobilised on gold electrodes modified with 20nm AuNPs. Detailed characterisation and optimisation of a new CDH/AuNP-based bioanode were performed and the following fundamental parameters were obtained: (i) the redox potential of the haem-containing centre of the enzyme was measured to be 75mV vs. NHE, (ii) the surface coverage of CtCDH was found to be 0.65pmolcm−2 corresponding to a sub-monolayer coverage of the thiol-modified AuNPs by the enzyme, (iii) a turnover number for CtCDH immobilised on thiol-modified AuNPs was calculated to be ca. 0.5s−1, and (iv) the maximal current densities as high as 40μAcm−2 were registered in sugar-containing neutral buffers. Second, both biomodified electrodes, namely the CtCDH/AuNP-based bioanode and the MvBOx/AuNP-based biocathode, were combined into a functional BFC and the designed biodevices were carefully investigated. The following characteristics of the mediator-, separator- and membrane-less, miniature BFC were obtained: in phosphate buffer; an open-circuit voltage of 0.68V, a maximum power density of 15μWcm−2 at a cell voltage of 0.52V and in human blood; an open-circuit voltage of 0.65V, a maximum power density of 3μWcm−2 at a cell voltage of 0.45V, respectively. The estimated half-lives of the biodevices were found to be >12, <8, and <2h in a sugar-containing buffer, human plasma, and blood, respectively. The basic characteristics of mediatorless sugar/oxygen BFCs were significantly improved compared with previously designed biodevices, because of the usage of three-dimensional AuNP-modified electrodes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new extracellular flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase from Glomerella cingulata (GcGDH) was electrochemically studied as a recognition element in glucose biosensors. The redox enzyme was recombinantly produced in Pichia pastoris and homogeneously purified, and its glucose-oxidizing properties on spectrographic graphite electrodes were investigated. Six different Os polymers, the redox potentials of which ranged in a broad potential window between +15 and +489 mV versus the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE), were used to immobilize and "wire" GcGDH to the spectrographic graphite electrode's surface. The GcGDH/Os polymer modified electrodes were evaluated by chronoamperometry using flow injection analysis. The current response was investigated using a stepwisely increased applied potential. It was observed that the ratio of GcGDH/Os polymer and the overall loading of the enzyme electrode significantly affect the performance of the enzyme electrode for glucose oxidation. The best-suited Os polymer [Os(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)2(PVI)Cl]+ had a potential of +309 mV versus NHE, and the optimum GcGDH/Os polymer ratio was 1:2 yielding a maximum current density of 493 μA· cm-2 at a 30 mM glucose concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An iodide-sensing, colormetric and selective fluorescent sensor N2,N6-bis(2-(p-nitro-benzamido)ethyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, BBPCA, was reported. The recognition properties of BBPCA toward various anions were evaluated in THF/H2O (4/1, v/v) solution by fluorescence emission and UV–vis absorption spectra. The results showed the BBPCA can be used to detect iodide ion based on intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) and heary atom quenching mechanism. The color changes of BBPCA solution from colorless to yellow and a red-shift in the absorption and emission spectra can be observed by adding iodide ions. But it showed no significant changes on the addition of other anions such as F−, Cl−, Br−, HCO3 −, NO3 −, CO3 2−. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The immobilization of Trametes hirsuta laccase (ThL) in the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polyaniline (PANI) matrices was carried out in order to study the catalytic effect of ThL in different biocathode structures in a biofuel cell application. By using 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) as a mediator compound, the immobilized ThL in both polymer matrices, exhibited catalytic activity for the reduction of oxygen into water. The amount of ThL was adjustable in the PEDOT matrix by controlling the working parameters, such as the charge density used in the electropolymerization of EDOT monomer and the ThL concentration used in the electropolymerization electrolyte. In the PEDOT biocathode structure, the utilization of porous material as the PEDOT supporting template was studied in order to improve the current density generated per unit area/volume. Reticulated vitreous carbon foam (RVC foam) was chosen as the PEDOT supporting template material and the biocathodes were manufactured by in situ entrapment of ThL into PEDOT films polymerized on the RVC foam. These biocathodes possessed a high cathodic open circuit potential and produced a large current density, reaching 1mAcm−3 at 0.45V when 19.5μgml−1 of ThL was used in the electrolyte. The performance of these biocathodes was extremely sensitive to variations in pH and the optimal working pH was around 4.2. The biocathode reserved 80%, 50%, and 30% of the catalytic activity after storage in a +4°C buffer solution for 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month, respectively. The PANI matrix was prepared in a form of printable ink where ThL was in situ entrapped in the PANI matrix during the laccase activated polymerization of aniline using a chemical batch reactor method. Different amounts of the ThL-containing printable PANI ink were then applied on carbon paper and the performance of the ink was subsequently electrochemically characterized. In this way, not only two different polymer matrices, but also two different matrix manufacturing procedures could be compared. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films, with Cl−, NO3 −, poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS−) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as counter ions, were electrochemically deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass from aqueous electrolyte. PEDOT film, with tetrafluoroborate anions (BF4 −) as counter ions, was also electrochemically deposited on ITO glass from a propylene carbonate-based electrolyte. The effect of counter ions on the morphology of PEDOT films was demonstrated by the characterizations with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Different carbon-based materials were explored as the substrate materials for PEDOT film generation in electropolymerization, including carbon ink paper, carbon paper, carbon felt, and reticulated vitreous carbon foam (RVC foam). The micro-structure and the surface morphology of the resulted PEDOT films were imaged with SEM. The elemental analysis of the films was performed with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The topography of the PEDOT films was characterized using confocal white light microscopy (COM). A biofuel cell cathode was prepared by immobilization of Trametes Hirsuta laccase (Th-laccase) in PEDOT and the performance of the electrode towards oxygen reduction was examined by chronoamperomentric measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a nuclear protein functioning in the regulation of transcription and mRNA splicing. TDP-43 is accumulated in ubiquitinated inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diseased brains. However, the pathways involved in the clearance of TDP-43 and its pathogenic form (TDP-25), a truncated form of TDP-43, are still not elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the protein levels of TDP-43 and TDP-25 were increased in cells treated with a proteasome inhibitor, MG132, or an autophagy inhibitor, 3-MA, whereas, they were decreased in cells treated with an enhancer of autophagy, trehalose. Furthermore, more protein level changes of TDP-25 than TDP-43 were observed in cells treated with above inhibitors or enhancer. Thus, our data suggest that TDP-43 and TDP-25 are degraded by both proteasome and autophagy with TDP-25 being more regulated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel luminescent dye metal complex, (CZHQ)3Al, with 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum and hole-transporting carbazole units was designed and synthesized. The (CZHQ)3Al optical properties were carefully investigated by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectra in diluent solution. The results showed that the luminescent quantum yield of (CZHQ)3Al was 0.62 in DMSO and it emitted red-light with the band gap of 2.89eV estimated from the onset absorption. In addition, the light-emission of (CZHQ)3Al can be quenched by electron acceptor (dimethylterephalate), where the process followed the Stern–Volmer equation. However, the fluorescent intensities of (CZHQ)3Al were slowly increased with the addition of electron donor (N,N-dimethylaniline). Furthermore, the molecular interactions of (CZHQ)3Al with fullerene (C60) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were also respectively investigated, which indicated the metal dye can be used as new fluorescent probe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel luminescent metal complex, (OXHQ)3Al, with 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum and electron-transporting 1,3,4-oxadiazole unit was designed and synthesized. The photophysical processes were investigated by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra in diluent solution. The results showed that the luminescence quantum yield of (OXHQ)3Al was 0.67 in DMSO and it emitted blue light with the band gap of 3.13eV estimated from the onset absorption. In addition, the light-emitting of (OXHQ)3Al can be quenched by electron acceptor (dimethylterephalate), where the processes followed the Stern–Volmer equation. However, with the addition of electron donor (N,N-dimethylaniline) fluorescent intensity of (OXHQ)3Al was increased and emission peak was lightly blue-shift. Furthermore, the molecular interactions of (OXHQ)3Al with fullerene (C60) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were also carefully investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel luminescent metal complex, (MQPF)3Al2, with 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum and 9,9-diphenylfluorene was synthesized. The optical properties were investigated by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra. The results showed that the luminescence quantum yield of (MQPF)3Al2 was 0.612 in THF and it emitted red light with the band gap of 3.18eV estimated from the onset absorption. The emission spectra exhibited obvious solvent effect. With the increase of polarity of solvents the fluorescence spectra changed obviously and appeared blue shift about 60nm at room temperature. In addition, the light-emitting can be quenched by both electron donor (N,N-dimethylaniline) and electron acceptor (Fullerene), where the processes followed the Stern–Volmer equation. However, when adding 1,4-dicyanobenzene (DCB) which was a stronger electron acceptor to the solution of (MQPF)3Al2, the fluorescent intensity was increased. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Prostate cancer remains the most common malignancy among men and the second leading cause of cancer death of men in the United States. Although measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has led to earlier detection of many prostate cancers, new serum biomarkers are still needed to improve the accuracy of prostate cancer detection. Considerable evidence has shown that an immune response in the form of autoantibodies to various tumor antigens develops in many patients with cancer. By using phage-epitope microarray analysis, we were able to identify peptides expressed by prostate cancer tissue, which commonly induce formation of autoantibodies in the sera of patients with prostate cancer. Using a panel of 22 peptides, we were able to detect prostate cancer with a specificity of 88.2% and a sensitivity of 81.6%. These results were significantly better than PSA, especially among men with a PSA between 4 and 10 ng/ml. Measurement of the immune response to prostate cancer, as well as other malignancies, has the potential to improve significantly the detection of these cancers and possibly assist in the determination of prognosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The adsorption isotherm of block copolymer EPE1100 (polyethylene oxide–polypropylene oxide–polyethylene oxide) on the surfaces of Mg–Al LDH particles was determined through a solution depletion method combined with TOC measurement. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the adsorption of EPE1100 molecules only occurred on the outer surfaces of LDH particles and they did not intercalate into the galleries between the layers. The adsorption of EPE1100 molecules changed the morphology of the particles. The effect of EPE1100 on the colloidal stability of LDH dispersion was investigated from three aspects: after the freezing–melting cycle, after the shearing rotations, and after the addition of electrolyte. The results indicated that the effect of EPE1100 on the colloidal stability of LDH dispersions was strongly related to the state of copolymer adsorption on LDH particle surfaces. It was inferred that the hydrated repulsive force and steric-repulsive force played important roles in determining the stability of the dispersions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

During spinning, the chemical component content of natural fibers has a great influence on the mechanical properties. How to rapidly and accurately measure these properties has become the focus of the industry. In this work, a grey model (GM) for rapid and accurate prediction of the mechanical properties of windmill palm fiber (WPF) was established to explore the effect of chemical component content on the Young's modulus. The chemical component content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in WPF was studied using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and an NIR prediction model was established, with the measured chemical values as the control. The value of RC and RCV were more than 0.9, while the values of RMSEC and RMSEP were less than 1, which reflected the excellent accuracy of the NIR model. External validation and a two-tailed t-test were used to evaluate the accuracy of the NIR model prediction results. The GM(1,4) model of WPF chemical components and the Young's modulus was established. The model indicated that the increase in cellulose and lignin content could promote the increase in the Young's modulus, while the increase in hemicellulose content inhibited it. The establishment of the two models provides a theoretical basis for evaluating whether WPF can be used in spinning, which is convenient for the selection of spinning fibers in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certain patient populations receive insufficient medicinal treatment due to a lack of commercially available products. The number of approved veterinary products is limited, making animals a patient population with suboptimal medicinal treatments available. To answer to this unmet need, compounding and off-label use of human-marketed products are practiced. Both of which have a significant risk of preparation errors. Hence, there is a dire demand to find and implement a more automated approach to the accurate, precise, and rapid production of veterinary dosage forms close to the point-of-care. This study aimed to assess the use of semi-solid extrusion-based 3D printing for the preparation of tailored doses of theophylline in the form of a chewable dosage form suitable for veterinary use. This study proved that semi-solid extrusion-based 3D printing could successfully be utilized to manufacture pet-friendly, chewable theophylline-loaded tablets. The prepared dosage forms showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.9973) between the designed size and obtained drug amount and met the USP and Ph. Eur. content uniformity criteria. Furthermore, the stability study showed the dosage form being stable and able to be used for up to three months after printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocellulose-based composite aerogel for fast continuous catalytic discoloration of methylene blue and its mechanism. • Eco-friendly CNF-based composite aerogels were prepared. • The composite aerogel showed excellent stability and shape-retaining in water. • The porous aerogel as the matrix enabled excellent catalytic performance. • The composite aerogel was successfully used for continuous dye discoloration. In this work we present a green method to prepare aerogel membranes based on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) crossed-linked with poly (ethylene imine) (PEI) and further decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The nanosized Ag NPs were reduced and immobilized on the surface of the pore walls inside the aerogel. The as-prepared composite aerogel membrane showed excellent continuous catalytic discoloration of aqueous cationic and anionic dye solutions in batch and flow filtration tests. Moreover, the aerogel membrane exhibited very stable catalytic activity with discoloration efficiency at as high as 98% after 10 times reuse and the water permeance was high, up to 5 × 104 L·m−2 h−1. Interestingly, the aerogel membrane showed excellent shape recovery in water and no obvious deterioration of the structure was observed during long time testing. Therefore, the obtained aerogel membranes showed great potential in waste water treatment and catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of pH has received more and more attention in various fields. Currently, a hot research topic is focused on how to use a facile fluorescent dye to achieve a wide range and accurate pH detection. Herein, we reported a simple fluorescence probe for pH detection with wide range and accuracy based on the Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) characteristics. The probe 2-oxo-N'-(2-(quinolin-8-yloxy)acetyl)-2H-chromene-3-carbo- hydrazide (CHBQ) as comprised of coumarin and quinoline as the electron donor and acceptor, N, N′-diformylhydrazine bond as the linking group, respectively. The probe displays good AIE characteristics under water content up to 99% in mixed medium. Furthermore, it can identify acid and base as fast as 30 s by color change of the solution under UV 365 nm lamp. The detection of the probe for pH was hardly interfered with other ions. What's more, the probe CHBQ can be designed to be a broad range test paper of pH detection, which has a great practical value. Image 1 • A novel fluorescence probe for broad range of pH detection was designed and developed successfully. • The action mechanism of the probe for pH was based on the Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) characteristic. • The probe display good luminescence characteristics in organic solution until water content up to 99%. • The probe can identify acid and base as fast as 30 s by color change of the solution under UV 365 nm lamp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stem cells that exhibit self-renewal capacity and multi-directional differentiation potential. They can be extracted from the bone marrow and umbilical cord, as well as adipose, amnion, and other tissues. They are widely used in tissue engineering and are currently considered an important source of cells in the field of regenerative medicine. Since certain limitations, such as an insufficient cell source, mature differentiation, and low transplantation efficiency, are still associated with MSCs, researchers have currently focused on improving the efficacy of MSCs. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has mechanical, cavitation, and thermal effects that can produce different biological effects on organs, tissues, and cells. It can be used for fracture treatment, cartilage repair, and stem cell applications. An in-depth study of the role and mechanism of action of LIPUS in MSC treatment would promote our understanding of LIPUS and promote research in this field. In this article, we have reviewed the progress in research on the use of LIPUS with various MSCs and comprehensively discussed the progress in the use of LIPUS for promoting the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of MSCs, as well as its future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous two‐phase emulsion (ATPE)‐based bioinks, a creative innovation for bioprinting, enable the fabrication of complex 3D cell‐laden hydrogels with macroporous structure, which promote cellular activities within the scaffold. However, these bioinks intrinsically lack stability and specific biofunctionality, potentially limiting their application for targeted tissue engineering. This study proposes a new perspective by introducing less than 0.1% phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils (pCNF), a 1D nanofibril top‐down produced from natural biomasses, into a dextran/methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)‐based ATPE system for extrusion‐based bioprinting of preosteoblastic cells, aiming to fabricate macroporous hydrogels with osteogenic differentiation potential. The pCNF that is selectively partitioned in the GelMA phase can not only improve the emulsion stability and alter the rheological behaviors of the ATPE‐based bioink, but also enhance the damping capacity and mineralization ability of the crosslinked hydrogels. Furthermore, macroporous hydrogels with pCNF demonstrate increased cell activity and higher viability in post‐printing, along with higher alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblastic gene expression. Importantly, the organized interfaces within the hydrogel facilitate the formation of macroscopic biomineralized nodules in vitro. The incorporation of multifunctional pCNF in the ATPE system significantly boosts the physiochemical and biological performance of the macropore‐forming bioink, transforming them into a suitable platform for engineering in vitro bone models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of lignin nanostructures where interfacial interactions enable enhanced entanglement of colloidal networks can broaden their applications in hydrogel‐based materials and light‐based 3D printing. Herein, an approach for fabricating surface‐active dendritic colloidal microparticles (DCMs) characterized by fibrous structures using nanostructured allylated lignin is proposed for the development of lignin‐based photocurable resins. With allyl‐terminated surface functionality of 0.61 mmol g−1, the entanglement between lignin‐DCM fibrils with a size of 1.4 µm successfully produces only lignin‐based hydrogels with structural integrity through photo‐crosslinking. The colloidal network of lignin dendricolloids reinforces the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels during a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing process by generating bicontinuous morphologies, resulting in six‐fold increases in toughness values with respect to the neat PEG hydrogel. The dual effectiveness of photoabsorption and free‐radical reactivity of lignin‐DCMs allow the light‐patterning of rather dilute PEG hydrogels (5–10%) with high geometric fidelity and structural complexity via DLP 3D printing. This study demonstrates a green and effective strategy for the design of 1D lignin‐DCMs that increases the versatility of the nanostructured biopolymer, opening up numerous opportunities for formulating functional hydrogels with robust structure‐property correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic wound healing is a serious, complex, and chronic process; one current promising and focusing technology in this area is stem cell treatment. Here, novel porous microneedle (MN) arrays is fabricated, which can highly mimetic stem cell niches, through template filling, and particle etching method. The human adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) are encapsulated in Matrigel then loaded into the porous MN arrays by post‐perfusion. Because of the extracellular matrix‐mimicking, the biocompatible Matrigel offers a bionic microenvironment of stem cell nest suitable for growth. Benefiting from the numerous pore structures of MNs, the loaded ADSCs have enough space to fully absorb nutrients, proliferate greatly and exhibit prompted function. In addition, the cell‐loaded MN arrays have enough mechanical strength to penetrate the skin, allowing the ADSCs to get into the deep wound areas. Based on these features, the performance of the resultant MN arrays in promoting tissue regeneration is demonstrated, collagen deposition and angiogenesis in diabetes wounds of rat models. Thus, it is believe that the bioinspired porous MNs can act as excellent stem cell scaffolds and will find many practical values in clinic wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contralateral C7 nerve transfer is a new surgical treatment for stroke patients with unilateral upper extremity paralysis, but neuropathic pain in the nonparalyzed side is the common complication after surgery. We report a stroke patient with neuropathic pain after C7 nerve transfer who received combination treatment of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and pregabalin. A 53-year old, 6 months post-stroke patient with right hemiplegia after contralateral C7 nerve transfer was admitted in our department with a significant neuropathic pain in his left upper extremity. The treatment of pregabalin and TENS were used for patient. The visual analogue scale(VAS), medical outcomes study sleep scale(MOS-SS) and hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS) were assessed after 1 months treatment. After treatment, the pain of his nonparalyzed upper extremity was relieved, the sleeping quality and the anxiety and depression were improved in patient. This report suggests that the combination of pregabalin and TENS have prominent clinical effects on neuropathic pain of nonparalyzed side in stroke patients after contralateral C7 nerve transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can induce mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation, although the mechanism of its potential effects on chondrogenic differentiation is unknown. Since autophagy is known to regulate the differentiation of MSCs, the aim of our study was to determine whether LIPUS induced chondrogenesis via autophagy regulation. Methods: MSCs were isolated from the rat bone marrow, cultured in either standard or chondrogenic medium, and stimulated with 3 MHz of LIPUS given in 20% on–off cycles, with or without prior addition of an autophagy inhibitor or agonist. Chondrogenesis was evaluated on the basis of aggrecan (AGG) organization and the amount of type II collagen (COL2) and the mRNA expression of AGG, COL2, and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (SOX9) genes. Results: LIPUS promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, as shown by the changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and upregulation of chondrogenic genes, and these effects were respectively augmented and inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor and agonist. Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate that LIPUS promotes MSC chondrogenesis by inhibiting autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Transcription factors play a key role in the development of diverse cancers, and therapeutically targeting them has remained a challenge. In prostate cancer, the gene encoding the transcription factor ERG is recurrently rearranged and plays a critical role in prostate oncogenesis. Here, we identified a series of peptides that interact specifically with the DNA binding domain of ERG. ERG inhibitory peptides (EIPs) and derived peptidomimetics bound ERG with high affinity and specificity, leading to proteolytic degradation of the ERG protein. The EIPs attenuated ERG-mediated transcription, chromatin recruitment, protein-protein interactions, cell invasion and proliferation, and tumor growth. Thus, peptidomimetic targeting of transcription factor fusion products may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer as well as other malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is a heterogenous disorder first described by Albright et al in 1953. It is characterized by normal blood calcium (Ca) but excretion urinary Ca > 4 mg/kg in 24 hours (normal 0. 1 mmol/Kg) and urine Ca/Cr > 0.21 under normal Ca uptake and no secondary factors. IH is not few in the clinic. It is reported that in adults 40 - 60% of urolithiasis are associated with IH, while in children only 2-5% of urolithiasis are associated with IH. However, serious osteoporosis associated with IH is seldom reported. We report a case of IH combined with osteoporosis in the Department of Endocrinology of our hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multifunctional lignin-based hybrid magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized. • The hybrid nanoparticles showed ultrafast adsorption capabilities for Pb2+ and Cu2+. • The abundant active sites from modified lignin enabled high efficiency of adsorption. • Adsorption was driven by ion exchange, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction. Heavy metals have raised an increasing number of pollution incidents and resulted in potent damages to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Thus, effective and efficient approaches to eliminate heavy metal ions are in urgent needs. Herein, novel hybrid nanoparticles have been prepared by a facile method using epichlorohydrin as a cross-linker between amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and carboxymethylated lignin. Multiple characterization methods including XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and TEM confirmed the formed nanostructures and the chemical features of the lignin-based hybrid nanoparticles. The as-synthesized hybrid nanoparticles exhibited high adsorption capacities of 150.33 and 70.69 mg/g for Pb2+ and Cu2+, respectively. More importantly, the adsorption equilibriums of Pb2+ and Cu2+ onto hybrid nanoparticles can be achieved within 30 s, which are among the fastest functional adsorbents for Pb2+ and Cu2+ removal as reported by now. The ultrafast adsorption is ascribed not only to the nanostructures, but also to the abundant active sites provided by the carboxymethylated lignin. The mechanism of removing Pb2+ and Cu2+ by hybrid nanoparticles could be mainly attributed to ion exchange and hydrogen bonding. The tailored nanostructured hybrid nanoparticles with exceptional adsorption effectiveness and efficiency are low-cost and eco-friendly, which potentially meets the cost-effective criteria for producing the water treatment adsorbents on a large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]