Search

Drawing upon construal level theory and regulatory fit literature, this research examined the effect of fit between humor and regulatory focus on audience engagement with health information on social media. The results of two studies showed that incongruity humor (vs. aggressive humor) induced greater social proximity between the source and the viewer, and humor type interacted with regulatory focus of a message to impact audience engagement. Specifically, incongruity humor paired with a prevention-focused message (vs. a promotion-focused message) resulted in greater content endorsement and health information engagement, whereas aggressive humor combined with a promotion-focused message (vs. a prevention-focused message) led to greater content endorsement. Results further identified processing fluency as a mediator of the fit effect on audience engagement. This research offers important theoretical and practical implications for public health interventions on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are psychiatric disorders with overlapping symptoms, leading to high rates of misdiagnosis due to the lack of biomarkers for differentiation. This study aimed to identify metabolic biomarkers in urine samples for diagnosing MDD and BD, as well as to establish unbiased differential diagnostic models. We utilized a metabolomics approach employing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to analyze the metabolic profiles of urine samples from individuals with MDD (n = 50), BD (n = 12), and healthy controls (n = 50). The identification of urine metabolites was verified using MS data analysis tools and online metabolite databases. Two diagnostic panels consisting of a combination of metabolites and clinical indicators were identified—one for MDD and another for BD. The discriminative capacity of these panels was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9084 for MDD and an AUC value of 0.9017 for BD. High-resolution mass spectrometry-based assays show promise in identifying urinary biomarkers for depressive disorders. The combination of urine metabolites and clinical indicators is effective in differentiating healthy controls from individuals with MDD and BD. The metabolic pathway indicating oxidative stress is seen to significantly contribute to depressive disorders. • Accurate identification of differential metabolites between healthy controls and disease groups using UHPLC-MS and multiple databases. • Models utilizing urinary metabolites combined with clinical indicators are reliable for the diagnosis of MDD and BD. • Diagnostic models emphasize the important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] In emergencies, uncontrolled severe bleeding can result in undesired complications and even death of the injured. Designing advanced hemostatic agents is a potential solution for emergency hemostasis, yet it remains challenging to realize the persistent adhesion in a wet wound environment. In this study, based on dynamic reversible Schiff base bond and photo-initiated double-bond polymerization, a novel injectable hemostatic hydrogel (L -COC) consisting of methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCSMA), oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) and (+)-catechin hydrate (CH) was synthesized for emergency hemostasis. To our delight, the incorporated CH imparted enhanced blood procoagulantion to the L -COC hydrogel by intensifying the hydrogel-red blood cell interactions. As a result, the hemostatic effect of the engineered L -COC hydrogel was significantly superior to that of fluid gelatin SurgifloTM for liver bleeding wounds in rats (Blood loss: 0.62 ± 0.11 g (L -COC), 0.90 ± 0.08 g (SurgifloTM); hemostasis time: 69.0 ± 2.9 s (L -COC), 84.0 ± 2.2 s (SurgifloTM)). With the favorable antioxidant and antibacterial activities, as well as multifunctional properties, the bio-adhesive L -COC hydrogel and the underlying design principles may facilitate further development of practical hemostatic hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates inverse source problems for the Helmholtz and Navier equations in multi-layered media, considering both two and three-dimensional cases respectively. The study reveals a consistent increase in stability for each scenario, characterized by two main terms: a Hölder-type term associated with data discrepancy, and a logarithmic-type term that diminishes as more frequencies are considered. In the two-dimensional case, measurements on interfaces and far-field data are essential. By employing the fundamental solution in free-space as the test function and utilizing the asymptotic behavior of the solution and continuation principle, stability results are obtained. In the three-dimensional case, measurements on interfaces and artificial boundaries are taken, and the stability result can be derived by applying the arguments for inverse source problems in homogeneous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women experiencing postpartum depression (PPD) often face the debilitating symptoms of depression as well as the stigmatization associated with having a mental health crisis during motherhood. Accordingly, there have been numerous calls for theoretical-based approaches to reduce the stigma and promote social support for women with PPD. Guided by stigma research, anthropomorphism literature, and attribution theory, this research explored the effect of PPD anthropomorphism (i.e., imbuing humanlike intentions and characteristics to PPD) on perceived controllability, sympathy, anger toward PPD, and willingness to provide social support (WPSS). Results of three studies revealed that humanizing PPD led to decreased perceived controllability attributed to women with PPD, resulting in increased sympathy, more anger toward PPD, and consequently, greater WPSS. This research contributes to the extant health communication literature, particularly in the realm of mental health stigma, by addressing how humanizing risk-bearing entities affects individuals’ mental health related perceptions and decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis, a defensive strategy commonly employed by the host cells to restrict pathogenic infections, has been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of cancer. However, the role of ferroptosis in oncogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced cancers remains elusive. While a growing number of non-histone proteins have been identified as acetylation targets, the functions of these modifications have yet to be revealed. Here, we show KSHV reprogramming of host acetylation proteomics following cellular transformation of rat primary mesenchymal precursor. Among them, SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1) deacetylation is increased and required for KSHV-induced cellular transformation. Mechanistically, KSHV-encoded viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) promotes SIRT3 deacetylation of SERBP1, preventing its binding to and protection of lipoyltransferase 2 (Lipt2) mRNA from mRNA degradation resulting in ferroptosis. Consequently, a SIRT3-specific inhibitor, 3-TYP, suppresses KSHV-induced cellular transformation by inducing ferroptosis. Our findings unveil novel roles of vIL-6 and SERBP1 deacetylation in regulating ferroptosis and KSHV-induced cellular transformation, and establish the vIL-6-SIRT3-SERBP1-ferroptosis pathways as a potential new therapeutic target for KSHV-associated cancers. Author summary: Ferroptosis has been implicated in viral infections and the development of cancers, however, its role in oncogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced cancers is still unknown. Although abnormal protein lysine acetylation modification has been strongly implicated in tumorigenesis, the exact role of this modification in KSHV-induced cell transformation remains elusive. Our study uncovers the reduction of acetylation of SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1), which is required for KSHV-induced cellular transformation. KSHV-encoded viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) promotes SIRT3 deacetylation of SERBP1, preventing its binding to and protection of lipoyltransferase 2 (Lipt2) mRNA from mRNA degradation resulting in ferroptosis. A SIRT3-specific inhibitor, 3-TYP, induces ferroptosis and inhibits survival of KSHV-transformed cells. These findings define a novel mechanism contributing to KSHV-induced cellular transformation and provide a rationale for therapeutically targeting lysine acetylation and the associated enzyme for infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Accumulating evidence from microbial studies have highlighted the modulatory roles of intestinal microbes in numerous human diseases, however, the shared microbial signatures across different diseases remain relatively unclear. Methods To consolidate existing knowledge across multiple studies, we performed meta-analyses of 17 disease types, covering 34 case–control datasets of 16S rRNA sequencing data, to identify shared alterations among different diseases. Furthermore, the impact of a microbial species, Lactobacillus salivarius , was established in a dextran sodium sulphate–induced colitis model and a collagen type II–induced arthritis mouse model. Results Microbial alterations among autoimmune diseases were substantially more consistent compared with that of other diseases (cancer, metabolic disease and nervous system disease), with microbial signatures exhibiting notable discriminative power for disease prediction. Autoimmune diseases were characterized by the enrichment of Enterococcus , Veillonella , Streptococcus and Lactobacillus and the depletion of Ruminococcus , Gemmiger , Oscillibacter , Faecalibacterium , Lachnospiracea incertae sedis , Anaerostipes , Coprococcus , Alistipes , Roseburia , Bilophila , Barnesiella , Dorea , Ruminococcus2 , Butyricicoccus , Phascolarctobacterium , Parabacteroides and Odoribacter , among others. Functional investigation of L. salivarius , whose genus was commonly enriched in numerous autoimmune diseases, demonstrated protective roles in two separate inflammatory mouse models. Conclusion Our study highlights a strong link between autoimmune diseases and the gut microbiota, with notably consistent microbial alterations compared with that of other diseases, indicating that therapeutic strategies that target the gut microbiome may be transferable across different autoimmune diseases. Functional validation of L. salivarius highlighted that bacterial genera associated with disease may not always be antagonistic, but may represent protective or adaptive responses to disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpersonal rejection has been found to impair people's prosocial actions. However, this relation may change as a function of theoretically relevant personality traits. The present study examined the potential moderating roles of trait mindfulness in the longitudinal relations between peer rejection and prosocial behaviors. At two time points with an interval of eight months, 654 adolescents nominated children in their class who have been rejected by peers and children who have enacted prosocial behaviors toward classmates and then completed the mindfulness questionnaire. Cross-lagged model results indicated that peer rejection could negatively predict prosocial behaviors in both high and low mindfulness groups of children while the reverse predictive relation from prosociality to peer rejection was not significant. More prominent, trait mindfulness might buffer the negative contribution of peer rejection to prosocial behaviors. Within a more ecologically valid context with a longitudinal design, our study contributed to a better understanding of the conditions under which interpersonal rejection may undermine prosocial behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how humor (incongruity humor vs. no humor) interacts with individual differences in perceived efficacy to influence health attitudes and behavioral intentions. Results of a controlled experiment (N = 294) revealed that among individuals with lower levels of perceived efficacy, incongruity humor, relative to no humor condition, resulted in greater source liking, which in turn, enhanced their attitudes and intentions to perform preventive health behaviors. However, for individuals higher in perceived efficacy, incongruity humor (vs. no humor) had an indirect negative effect on intentions via decreased attitudes. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we studied the evolution of vacancy-like defects and the formation of brittle precipitates in a reduced-activation V−Cr−Mn medium-entropy alloy. The evolution of local electronic circumstances around Cr and Mn enrichments, the vacancy defects, and the CrMn3 precipitates were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and positron annihilation spectroscopy. The microstructure measurements showed that the Mn and Cr enrichments in the as-cast sample significantly evolved with temperature, i.e., from 400 °C, the Cr/Mn-segregated regions gradually dissolved into the matrix and then disappeared, and from 900 °C to 1000 °C, they existed as CrMn3 precipitates. The crystallite size of the phase corresponding to CrMn3 precipitates was about 29.4 nm at 900 °C and 43.7 nm at 1000 °C. The positron annihilation lifetime results demonstrated that the vacancies mediated the migration of Cr and Mn, and Cr and Mn segregation finally led to the formation of CrMn3 precipitates. The coincidence Doppler broadening results showed that the characteristic peak moved to the low-momentum direction, due to an increase in the size of the vacancy defects at the interface and the formation of CrMn3 precipitates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder and regarded as one of the most frequent genetic causes of infant mortality. The aim of this study is to develop a cost-effectiveness analysis of AVXS-101 (Onasemnogene Abeparvovec/Zolgensma®) and nusinersen (Spinraza®) for SMA to inform decision-making on reimbursement policies in Australia. Methods: A Markov model was developed with five health states to evaluate the costs and effects for patients with SMA Type I from a healthcare system perspective over a time-horizon of 100 years. The model parameters were based on clinical trials, parametric distributions, published literature, and Australian registries. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to appraise the uncertainties of the parameters in the model. A threshold analysis was conducted to estimate the cost of AVXS-101 of being cost-effective. Results: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of AVXS-101 was $1,808,471 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and that of nusinersen was $2,772,798 per QALY, compared to standard of care, respectively. The ICER of AVXS-101 was $1,238,288 per QALY compared to nusinersen. The key drivers influencing on ICERs were costs of using treatments and utility values of sitting and walking independently. Conclusion: Both nusinersen and AVXS-101 resulted in health benefits, but they were not cost-effective with a commonly used willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $50,000 per QALY. Developing high-quality clinical data and exploring appropriate WTP thresholds are critical for decision-making on reimbursement policies in the treatment of rare diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an immunosuppressive "cold" tumor that lacks immune cell infiltration and activation, resulting in a poor response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. In addition, TNBC is poorly responsive to targeted therapies due to the absence of efficient molecular targets. A strategy that can block molecular signal transduction, stimulate immunogenicity, and activate the immune response is a promising approach to achieve ideal clinical benefit. Herein, we designed and synthesized an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen)-conjugated self-assembling peptide that targets epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), named TPA-FFG-LA. TPA-FFG-LA peptides form nanoassemblies on the surface of EGFR-positive TNBC cells and are internalized into cells through endocytosis, which inhibit EGFR signaling transduction and provoke lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Upon light irradiation, the aggregated AIEgens produce massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) to exacerbate LMP and trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD), resulting in elimination of residual EGFR-negative tumor cells and exerting long-term antitumor effects. The in vitro and in vivo experiments verified that TPA-FFG-LA nanoassemblies suppress tumor growth, provoke immune cell activation and infiltration, and cause EGFR degradation and LMP. These results suggest that the combination of supramolecular assembly induced molecular targeting effects and lysosome dysfunction with ICD-stimulated immune activation is a plausible strategy for the efficient therapy of immunosuppressive TNBC. [Display omitted] • Combination of molecular targeting and immune activation for TNBC treatment. • Peptide assemblies trigger lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. • EGFR-targeting peptides stimulate immune immunogenic cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Evaporation kinetics of droplet on two-tier hierarchical micro-pillar array surfaces are systematically studied. • Droplet evaporation on two-tier surface is superior to single-tier competitor when secondary pillars are on primary pillar sides or on substrate parallel to primary. • Droplet evaporation is deteriorated when secondary pillars are on primary pillar top due to liquid layer wrapped around primary pillar by capillary wicking. • Evaporation on surface with secondary pillars on substrate parallel to primary is dominated by triple-phase contact line on secondary pillars. • Geometrical effects of primary pillar including pillar side length, spacing and height and mechanisms are analyzed. As surface modification becomes a promising approach to thermal management, quantifying effects of surface structure geometrical dimension is of great significance to optimize heat transfer performance. In this paper, we emphatically report droplet evaporation on three types of two-tier hierarchical micro-pillar array (THM) surfaces. Utilizing the lattice Boltzmann model, evaporation characteristics including droplet morphology, triple-phase contact line (TPCL) behavior, liquid–vapor interface evolution and heat flux distribution are elucidated. In comparison to single-tier micro-pillar array (SM) surfaces, THM surfaces enable remarkable enhancement in heat transfer when secondary pillars are configured on the side of the primary pillar or configured parallelly to the primary pillar on the substrate, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of TPCL evaporation and liquid–vapor interface evaporation. The varying trend of droplet lifetime with the primary pillar geometrical dimension on all THM surfaces are also summarized, giving a guideline for optimization of heat dissipation by tailoring structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the spatio-temporal characteristics of the austral spring Ross Ice Shelf Polynya (RISP) and its relationship with atmospheric circulation anomalies based on the sea ice concentration data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) and the ERA5 reanalysis data. The RISP area series is derived by choosing 25% sea ice concentration as the threshold. Then the principal spatial patterns of the RISP are acquired by using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The leading EOF (EOF1) has a spatial distribution of a strong negative core in the northeastern RISP with a weak positive core near the Cape Adare, explaining 48.1% of the variance. This mode matches the wind pattern of the northwesterly on the western Ross Sea while southwesterly on the eastern Ross Sea, which reflects the zonal variation of the RISP. There is also a strong positive correlation between the RISP area and the PC1. The EOF2 explains 27.4% of the variance, and is mainly characterized by a large region of low values in the northwestern Ross Sea with a small region of high value near Cape Colbeck. Matching the strong southerly over the western Ross Sea, the EOF2 partly depicts the meridional variation of the RISP. We further explored the connections between the RISP and sea level pressure, and found that a deeper and more eastward Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) in November often coincides with a larger and more eastward RISP in December. This lagged response is partly generated through the influence of the ASL on the RISP in November. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: China is the birthplace of the deer family and the country with the most abundant deer resources. However, at present, China's deer industry faces the problem that pure sika deer and hybrid deer cannot be easily distinguished. Therefore, the development of a SNP identification chip is urgently required. Results: In this study, 250 sika deer, 206 red deer, 23 first-generation hybrid deer (F1), 20 s-generation hybrid deer (F2), and 20 third-generation hybrid deer (F3) were resequenced. Using the chromosome-level sika deer genome as the reference sequence, mutation detection was performed on all individuals, and a total of 130,306,923 SNP loci were generated. After quality control filtering was performed, the remaining 31,140,900 loci were confirmed. From molecular-level and morphological analyses, the sika deer reference population and the red deer reference population were established. The Fst values of all SNPs in the two reference populations were calculated. According to customized algorithms and strict screening principles, 1000 red deer-specific SNP sites were finally selected for chip design, and 63 hybrid individuals were determined to contain red deer-specific SNP loci. The results showed that the gene content of red deer gradually decreased in subsequent hybrid generations, and this decrease roughly conformed to the law of statistical genetics. Reaction probes were designed according to the screening sites. All candidate sites met the requirements of the Illumina chip scoring system. The average score was 0.99, and the MAF was in the range of 0.3277 to 0.3621. Furthermore, 266 deer (125 sika deer, 39 red deer, 56 F1, 29 F2,17 F3) were randomly selected for 1 K SNP chip verification. The results showed that among the 1000 SNP sites, 995 probes were synthesized, 4 of which could not be typed, while 973 loci were polymorphic. PCA, random forest and ADMIXTURE results showed that the 1 K sika deer SNP chip was able to clearly distinguish sika deer, red deer, and hybrid deer and that this 1 K SNP chip technology may provide technical support for the protection and utilization of pure sika deer species resources. Conclusion: We successfully developed a low-density identification chip that can quickly and accurately distinguish sika deer from their hybrid offspring, thereby providing technical support for the protection and utilization of pure sika deer germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) and its re-emergence as herpes zoster (HZ) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While studies show that VZV vaccination is effective in reducing VZV incidence, many decision makers have not added VZV to their vaccination schedule, largely due to uncertainty surrounding the effect of VZV vaccination on HZ incidence (exogenous boosting, EB), and the cost-effectiveness (CE) of vaccination. A systematic review was conducted to identify the current published evidence of CE of VZV vaccination strategies where both VZV and HZ incidence were modelled. Six studies (one published in 2003 and five between 2010 and 2019), were identified with all conducting cost-utility analysis using a dynamic transmission modelling approach and assuming EB. All predicted that mass infant VZV vaccination would rapidly reduce VZV incidence, but HZ incidence would increase. Compared with no-vaccination, the CE of VZV vaccination strategies ranged from higher costs and poorer outcomes (dominated), towards CE (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of between $7,000 to $61,000 USD), or lower cost and better outcomes (dominant). However, without EB, HZ incidence immediately dropped below pre-vaccination levels making VZV vaccination quickly CE and/or dominant to a no vaccination strategy. Current models are sensitive to assumptions of EB suggesting that future studies consider an agent-based modelling approach to address the individual nature of variables that determine the infectiousness of VZV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study combined theory from the fields of communication, behavioral ecology, and ecological psychology to examine how relevant factors about food influence the timing and trajectory of our decision-making after exposure to food advertisements. Young healthy adult participants (N = 108) completed a forced-choice, speeded decision-making latency task before and after viewing a set of advertisements. Results suggested that participants were more appetitively motivated by more energy-dense foods (i.e., higher calorie per gram) using direct food cues (i.e., were directly available to the senses, were visible), but after exposure to advertisements, this predisposition was less pronounced. Advertisement food cues were also important in decision-making, especially in coalition with the food cues used in the decision-making task stimuli. This study supports an optimal foraging perspective being expanded to human behavioral contexts in a modern landscape. Food advertising and packaging cues interacted with energy density level of food to provide information relevant to biological imperatives, which significantly altered food consumption decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the poor solvent resistance and poor temperature resistance caused by traditional sizing agents, crystalline poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is introduced to the interfacial phases of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced PEEK composites by a soluble precursor named PEEK‐1,3‐dioxolane. By changing the soluble precursor molecular weight and concentration in the sizing solution, the content of PEEK coated on the CF fiber surface can be controlled and the different interfacial properties of the PEEK composites can be obtained. The results shows that, with this method, crystalline PEEK can be completely coated on the CF surface, and the interfacial shear strength of the PEEK composites increases from 43.42 to 83.13 MPa. Due to none of any soluble compounds in the PEEK composites, the interfacial layer is well preserved under organic solvents and hygrothermal conditions, and the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the PEEK composites maintained above 85.4% and 90.44%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope clarifies that the mechanism of interface enhancement comes from a better wetting of crystalline PEEK on the fiber surface. Additionally, the sizing system of this investagation has the potential commercial value because of no toxic reagent (such as 2,4,5‐trichloro‐1‐hydroxy‐benzene or concentrated sulfuric acid) is required during sizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practice, a variety of composite indicators are created using the arithmetic average of different sub-indicators. However, this scheme is typically criticized of the possibility of compensation. For this reason, this paper re-constructs these composite indicators by means of a new methodology. Comprehensive individual judgements among the sub-indicators have been considered to determine the maximum total utilities. Then the best–worst method is introduced to determine the preference associated with various individual judgements. An illustration of Value Measure of health systems is presented to demonstrate the validity and usefulness of our methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the serious work hardening phenomenon, high chemical activity, severe tool wear, and poor workpiece surface quality during the cutting of titanium alloys, placing micro-texture on the tool surface decreases the tool-chip contact area and friction and plays the role of wear resistance and friction reduction. In order to improve the cutting performance of cutting tools, the present study examins the effect of micro-texture parameters of a cemented carbide ball-end milling cutter on cutting force, tool wear, and workpiece surface roughness and establishes a regression analysis model via regression analysis. We consider the cutting performance of a cemented carbide micro-texture ball-end milling cutter as an evaluation standard. A genetic algorithm is applied to the multi-objective optimization of micro-texture parameters, and a regression analysis model of micro-texture design criteria is established. This provides a standardised reference to select standard micro-texture parameters in the design and preparation of a cemented carbide micro-texture ball-end milling cutter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration and damage of neurons in the brain. However, developing an accurate diagnostic assay using blood samples remains a challenge in clinic practice. The aim of this study was to explore senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) in peripheral blood using mass spectrometry based multi‐omics approach and to establish diagnostic assays for AD. Methods: This retrospective study included 88 participants, consisting of 29 AD patients and 59 cognitively normal (CN) individuals. Plasma and serum samples were examined using high‐resolution mass spectrometry to identify proteomic and metabolomic profiles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to screen biomarkers with diagnostic potential. K‐nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm was utilized to construct a multi‐dimensional model for distinguishing AD from CN. Results: Proteomics analysis revealed upregulation of five plasma proteins in AD, including RNA helicase aquarius (AQR), zinc finger protein 587B (ZNF587B), C‐reactive protein (CRP), fibronectin (FN1), and serum amyloid A‐1 protein (SAA1), indicating their potential for AD classification. Interestingly, KNN‐based three‐dimensional model, comprising AQR, ZNF587B, and CRP, demonstrated its high accuracy in AD recognition, with evaluation possibilities of 0.941, 1.000, and 1.000 for the training, testing, and validation datasets, respectively. Besides, metabolomics analysis suggested elevated levels of serum phenylacetylglutamine (PAGIn) in AD. Interpretation: The multi‐omics outcomes highlighted the significance of the SASPs, specifically AQR, ZNF587B, CRP, and PAGIn, in terms of their potential for diagnosing AD and suggested neuronal aging‐associated pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia (NH3) is pivotal in modern industry and represents a promising next‐generation carbon‐free energy carrier. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) presents viable solutions for NH3 production and removal of ambient nitrate pollutants. However, the development of eNO3RR is hindered by lacking the efficient electrocatalysts. To address this challenge, we synthesized a series of macrocyclic molecular catalysts for the heterogeneous eNO3RR. These materials possess different coordination environments around metal centers by surrounding subunits. Consequently, electronic structures of the active centers can be altered, enabling tunable activity towards eNO3RR. Our investigation reveals that metal center with an N2(pyrrole)‐N2(pyridine) configuration demonstrates superior activity over the others and achieves a high NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of over 90 % within the tested range, where the highest FE of approximately 94 % is obtained. Furthermore, it achieves a production rate of 11.28 mg mgcat−1 h−1, and a turnover frequency of up to 3.28 s−1. Further tests disclose that these molecular catalysts with diverse coordination environments showed different magnetic moments. Theoretical calculation results indicate that variated coordination environments can result in a d‐band center variation which eventually affects rate‐determining step energy and calculated magnetic moments, thus establishing a correlation between electronic structure, experimental activity, and computational parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia (NH3) is pivotal in modern industry and represents a promising next‐generation carbon‐free energy carrier. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) presents viable solutions for NH3 production and removal of ambient nitrate pollutants. However, the development of eNO3RR is hindered by lacking the efficient electrocatalysts. To address this challenge, we synthesized a series of macrocyclic molecular catalysts for the heterogeneous eNO3RR. These materials possess different coordination environments around metal centers by surrounding subunits. Consequently, electronic structures of the active centers can be altered, enabling tunable activity towards eNO3RR. Our investigation reveals that metal center with an N2(pyrrole)‐N2(pyridine) configuration demonstrates superior activity over the others and achieves a high NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of over 90 % within the tested range, where the highest FE of approximately 94 % is obtained. Furthermore, it achieves a production rate of 11.28 mg mgcat−1 h−1, and a turnover frequency of up to 3.28 s−1. Further tests disclose that these molecular catalysts with diverse coordination environments showed different magnetic moments. Theoretical calculation results indicate that variated coordination environments can result in a d‐band center variation which eventually affects rate‐determining step energy and calculated magnetic moments, thus establishing a correlation between electronic structure, experimental activity, and computational parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three-dimensional symmetric phase-change lattice Boltzmann model is built up to investigate sessile droplet boiling on micro-pillar array surface in the nucleate boiling regime. • Effects of micro-pillar size on bubble evolution behaviors accompanied with droplet boiling morphologies, manifested in bubble nucleation, growth, coalescence and rupture are studied. • Quantitatively assessed include nucleation activation time, droplet total evaporation time, isolated bubble nuclei density, bubble size and substrate heat flux. • Temperature, confined space and fluid flow are discussed as key factors affecting the preferential activation location and the distribution of nucleation sites. • Understanding of droplet/bubble two-phase dynamics gives some insights to optimizing droplet nucleate boiling heat transfer performance by manipulating surface properties. Despite spray cooling in the form of droplet boiling on a textured surface being a very promising phase-change heat dissipating method, the understanding of droplet/bubble two-phase dynamics in the nucleate boiling is extraordinarily limited. In this study, we report sessile droplet boiling on micro-pillar array surface in the nucleate boiling regime using a three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model comprehensively. Effects of micro-pillar size on bubble behaviors inside droplet are discussed in detail, covering bubble nucleation, growth, coalescence, and rupture. For the micro-pillars with large side length or small spacing, nucleation sites are activated around micro-pillar top surface. The preferential activation location of nucleation sites is determined by temperature, confined space and fluid flow. In bubble growth stage, the variation of bubble radius with time follows the square root law, being consistent with previous experiments. Bubbles merge into a large central bubble beneath droplet for the short micro-pillars while into a vapor layer for the long micro-pillars. Emergence of large central bubble prolongs droplet lifetime but deteriorates heat transfer. In addition, increasing micro-pillar side length or decreasing micro-pillar height can delay activation of nucleation sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the well-known disorder of oral mucosa, which has potential to be malignant and can lead to squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the following study, we developed a comprehensive nomogram for predicting the malignant progression of OL, based on analysis of clinicopathological variables.Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with OL was performed between 1998 and 2017 at the Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. OL was confirmed by pre-treatment biopsy. The candidate risk factors for OL malignant transformation were screened from clinicopathological variables using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The nomogram model was generated based on the COX regression results and was validated through Harrell concordance index (c-index) and calibration plots RESULTS: The incidence of OL malignant transformation (MT) was 12.2% (107/875), and the mean follow-up time was 4.5 years. The risk factors (age, histologic grade, site of lesion and smoking habit) derived from Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were incorporated in a novel nomogram model for prediction of MT severity. The c-index value of the nomogram model was 0.752, which confirmed the prediction ability; and was further confirmed by calibration plots results.Conclusion: Our data suggest that patients with OL who are over 50 years old, non-smokers with dysplasia, and OL lesions involving the lip, the floor of mouth, and tongue have an enhanced risk of MT. The established nomogram model has the predictive value of malignant progression, which is conductive to screen high-risk patients and guide treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of an older woman who initially presented with dysplasia and she developed acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) and was treated with all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide (ATRA/ATO). Information about treatment-related acute myeloid leukaemia (tAML) and treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome is presented.

Velvet antler displays the fastest and most robust tissue proliferation in the animal world, it is a model for a complete organ development/regeneration, and alternative medicine, tonic made from velvet antler, was beneficial for human. The weight of velvet antler had high biomedical and economic value, but the related regulation mechanisms controlling velvet antler weight remain unclear. In this study, extremely heavy and light velvet antler groups were selected from a sika deer population of 100 individuals with extreme velvet antler weight. A combination of full-length transcriptome sequencing and microRNA sequencing to the proliferation zone in the tip of velvet antler was applied. A total of 55306 transcripts and 1082 microRNAs were identified. Some highly expressed genes (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, FN1, and ATP6) and microRNAs (miR-21, let-7i, and miR-27b) were highly correlated with the physiological and growth characteristics of velvet antlers. Among the 334 differentially expressed genes, we found that most of the genes were located in the developmental process, especially animal organ development process. It is exciting to see that more blood vessels were found in the growing tip of heavy velvet antler through histological observation, and GO term of blood vessel development was also significant different between two groups. The combination analysis with mRNA and microRNA data in velvet antler showed a specific regulation network involved in the development of bone, mesenchyme, cartilage, and blood vessel, and helped us clearly find out the candidate 14 genes and 6 microRNAs, which could be used for selecting significant DNA markers of velvet antler weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inkjet 3D printing is becoming one of the most disruptive additive manufacturing technologies, due to its unique capability of precisely depositing micro-droplets of multi-functional materials. It has found widespread industrial applications in aerospace, energy and health areas by processing multi-functional metal-materials, nano-materials, and bio-materials. However, the current inkjet 3D printing system still suffers from a low production quality issue, due to low process reliability caused by the complex and dynamic droplet dispensing behavior. Due to the challenges in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and versatility, robust droplet monitoring and process inspection tools are still largely unavailable. To this end, a novel catadioptric stereo system is proposed for online droplet monitoring in an inkjet 3D printing process. In this system, a regular industrial CCD camera is coupled with a flat mirror and magnification lens system to capture the tiny droplet images to detect the droplet location in 3D space. A mathematical model is formulated to calculate the droplet location in 3D world space from 2D image space. A holistic hardware and software framework is constructed to evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of resolution, accuracy, efficiency, and versatility, both theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the proposed catadioptric stereo system can achieve single micron resolution and accuracy, which is one-order-of-magnitude higher than the 3D printing system itself. The proposed droplet location detection algorithm has low time complexity, and the detection efficiency can meet the online monitoring requirement. Multi-facet features including the droplet location and speed can be effectively detected by the presented technique. The proposed catadioptric stereo system is a promising online droplet monitoring tool and has tremendous potential to enable trustworthy quality assurance in inkjet 3D printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined individuals' physiological and cognitive responses to different types of emotionally experienced content located in obesity prevention fear appeals. Results suggested that experienced valence impacted individuals' attention and memory as a function of experienced arousal level. Local content that created coactive highly arousing experiences received the most attention, though visual recognition suggested these messages were more difficult to encode. Local content that created negative moderately arousing experiences was best encoded. Global message evaluation data suggest that moderately arousing messages with a change in experienced valence may prove to be most effective, as they ensure attention and good memory while keeping high self-reported interest, and a high level of perceived severity of obesity. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogen‐like chemical widely contained in daily supplies. There is evidence that environmental exposure to BPA could contribute to the development of hormone‐related cancers. As is reported in numerous studies, melatonin, an endogenous hormone secreted by the pineal gland, could markedly inhibit estrogen‐induced proliferation of breast cancer (BC) cells. In this study, we intended to reveal the effects of melatonin on BPA‐induced proliferation of estrogen receptor‐positive BC cells. Methods: Methods: We used methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, luciferase reporter gene and western blotting assays to testify the effect of melatonin on BPA‐mediated proliferation of MCF‐7 and T47D cells. Results: Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and colony formation assays showed that melatonin could significantly abolish BPA‐elevated cell proliferation. Meanwhile, BPA‐upregulated phosphorylation of ERK and AKT was decreased by melatonin treatment. Mechanistically, we found that BPA was capable of upregulating the protein levels of steroid receptor coactivators (SRC‐1, SRC‐3), as well as promoting the estrogen response element activity. However, the addition of melatonin could remarkably block the elevation of steroid receptor coactivators expression and estrogen response element activity triggered by BPA. Conclusion: Conclusions: Therefore, these results demonstrated that melatonin could abrogate BPA‐induced proliferation of BC cells. Therapeutically, melatonin could be regarded as a potential medication for BPA‐associated BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the processing of primary biologically motivating content commonly found in popular music videos—sex and violence—from a motivated cognition perspective (Lang, 2006, 2009). Participants (N = 68) were presented with music videos containing different combinations of primary biologically motivating content (i.e., sex, violence, both, neither). Secondary task reaction times were used to index resources available for encoding and a visual recognition task was applied to measure memory. The results indicate that music videos that contained both sex and violence provided the most engaging and memorable experiences, potentially even flow experiences. Implications for processing these types of information in these ways are discussed and future research is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Hepatic steatosis induced inflammation is becoming increasingly prevalent in farmed fish. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) against hepatic steatosis-induced inflammation and its potential molecular mechanisms in hepatocyte of large yellow croaker ( Larmichthys crocea ). We found that the hepatic steatosis-induced inflammation was relieved by ω-3 PUFAs, meanwhile, the Sirt1 activity and transcript expression was increased by ω-3 PUFAs. The increased Sirt1 activity can decrease the hepatic steatosis-induced inflammation. The protective effects of ω-3 PUFAs against hepatic steatosis-induced inflammation was reversed by the treatment with Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527. The nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 was significantly decreased after ω-3 PUFAs treatments compared to the palmitic acid stimulation group. The ω-3 PUFAs induced cytoplasm translocation of NF-κB p65 was reversed by EX-527. Together, ω-3 PUFAs alleviate hepatic steatosis-induced inflammation through Sirt1-mediated nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit in hepatocytes of large yellow croaker. The present study provides important insight into the mechanisms of the protective effects of ω-3 PUFAs, providing theory bases for alleviating the hepatic steatosis induced inflammation of farmed fish, thereby offering great benefits to the aquaculture industry and fish consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) is an emergent effective sizing agent for carbon fiber (CF) for use in CF/PEEK composites. Soluble PEEK with the ability to recover crystallinity via simple acidification was synthesized and grafted on carbon nanotube for the first time to enhance the effectiveness and thermomechanical integrity of the based sizing, to achieve a higher level of chemical resistance and interfacial enhancement. CNT-filled, acidified-CNT-filled, and PEEK-grafted-CNT-filled sizing compounds were synthesized and coated on to CF. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the products of chemical synthesis, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to assess the grafting reaction. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the morphology of the unsized and sized CF, and a microbond test was used to evaluate the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing. As a result, the CF/PEEK composites achieved the highest ever reported IFSS, with values of 101.4 MPa and 103.4 MPa in the acidified-CNT and PEEK-grafted-CNT samples, respectively. It is noted that the PEEK-grafted-CNT sample also exhibited greater solvent resistance due to closer interfacial distance, and an IFSS retention rate of 80%–90% in various polar and non-polar solvents. The successful application of nano-reinforcement in a CF interfacial sizing and the development of the PEEK grafting on CNT possesses an expanded application potential for CF/PEEK composites. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red deer (Cervus elaphus/hanglu/canadensis) are a group of closely-related species that survived through the Last Glacial period in Eurasia and expanded into North America. The evolutionary modes of red deer in Europe through glacial and interglacial cycles have been established relatively well based on both modern and ancient genomes, while the evolutionary and migratory history of red deer in Asia are not so clear. Northern China, as the southern border of their current distribution, is a significant area for exploring the evolution of wapitoids (Cervus canadensis). Here, we constructed six mitochondrial genomes (lengths of 13,282–16,306 bp) from Late Pleistocene fossil cervid materials in Northeastern China, and four modern complete mitochondrial DNA sequences (16,798–16943 bp) from Northern China. Phylogenetic analyses suggest four clades in wapitoids, with our new individuals clustered into three out of the four clades. BEAST analysis indicates that the divergence between elaphoids (including Cervus elaphus and Cervus hanglu) and the complex of 'wapitoids + sika deer (Cervus nippon)' occurred at approximately 1.37 million years ago (Ma, 95%Cl: 1.64–1.15 Ma). Bayesian skyline plots (BSPs) show that the effective maternal population size of wapitoids had a slight and stable expansion between Marine isotope stages (MIS) 7–3, and then shrank from the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Combined with the divergence dates, population dynamics, and fossil findings in Northern China, we infer that after wapitoids migrated eastward from Central Asia to Northeastern Asia, they had multiple migrations southward into Northern China. The current distribution of wapitoids in Northern China was likely shaped by these migrations as well as habitat fragmentation. Meanwhile, the radiocarbon dates of ancient individuals indicate that the Northeast China Plain, located at the same latitude as European refugia, may have provided a refugium for megafaunal species such as red deer to survive the LGM. • First combined sampling of both ancient and extant mitogenomes of wapitoids in China. • Demonstrating habitat fragmentation or multiple migratory events of wapitoids in Northern China. • Indicating a possible refuge for megafauna species in Northeastern China in LGM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conductive chiral MWCNTs@NCC nanopapers obtained by the assembly of nanocrystalline cellulose liquid crystals (NCC LCs) host matrix along with one-dimensional (1-D) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been studied in this work. Circular dichroism (CD) studies show strong signals stemming from the chiral nematic structure. Notably, the introduction of the MWCNTs has a pronounced effect on the chiral structure of the as-prepared nanopaper. Our experimental results indicate the multiple weak molecular interactions existing between MWCNTs and NCC are responsible for the effective dispersion and stabilization of MWCNTs. Moreover it also confirms the resulting nanopaper has an increased conductivity of 4.2 S/m at 1.96 wt% MWCNTs. So the co-assembly of the nanocomposite herein opens a gateway for preparing functional materials combining the photonic properties of the NCC LCs matrix with other building blocks that can supply other advantageous functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to clone and functionally characterize a full-length cDNA encoding arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) from large yellow croaker ( Larmichthys crocea ) and investigate its gene expression in response to graded dietary ratio of linolenic acid (ALA) to linoleic acid (LNA) (0.03, 0.06, 0.45, 0.90 and 1.51). An isolated 2372 bp cDNA clone of Alox5 contained an open reading frame spanning 2025 bp encoding a protein with the ability to modify arachidonate acid (AA) to 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (5-HETE). In the liver, the Alox5 mRNA expression levels significantly increased to the maximum when the dietary ALA/LNA increased from 0.03 to 0.06, and then significantly decreased with dietary ALA/LNA increased to 1.51 ( P < 0.05). In the kidney, the expression levels of Alox5 of fish fed diets with low dietary ALA/LNA (0.03–0.06) were significantly higher than those of fish fed diets with high dietary ALA/LNA (0.45–1.51) ( P < 0.05). The dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) could act on cognate cis -acting elements in the promoter of Alox5 and increased the transcription of Alox5. Results of the present study suggested that the expression of Alox5 is higher in croakers fed high concentrations of LNA compared to those fed high concentrations of ALA, which might be regulated by NF-κB and contribute to the inflammation process by catalyzing the dioxygenation of AA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microporous polyimides (MPIs) have been acted a significant role in porous organic polymers (POPs) for gas capture and separation. However, the MPIs are mostly constructed from monomers with rigid 3D or twisted structures or hyperbranched precursors, and their porous structure is mainly tuned by changing the length of the constructed units. Herein, the cross-linkable linear PIs with flexible skeletons are selected as precursors to construct the cross-linked microporous polyimides (C-MPIs). The method has significant comparative advantages including abundant monomers, the convenience of synthesis, cost-effectiveness, structural diversity and designability. Moreover, the micropore size of the C-MPIs (6FA-PE-CL, 6FA-PEPH-CL) can be tuned from 0.64 nm to 0.57 nm through the side-chain engineering of the cross-linkable linear PI precursors. The BET surface area of the C-MPIs are ranging from 635 to 698 m2g-1 and is among the best results for the reported linear MPIs. The smaller pore size (0.57 nm), higher micropore surface area (378 m2g-1) and micropore volume (0.17 cm3g-1) endow 6FA-PE-CL with better CO 2 selective uptake capacity (8.9 wt% and 58) than those of 6FA-PEPH-CL (7.3 wt% and 38). This work provides a side-chain engineering method to tune the pore structure of MPIs, which has tremendous potential for constructing high-performance polymer networks with abundant ultramicroporous structure (<0.7 nm) based on flexible linear polymers. Microporous polymer networks with tunable micropore sizes have been constructed through the side-chain engineering of cross-linkable linear polyimide precursors. [Display omitted] • The microporous polymer networks with abundant ultramicropores were constructed from flexible linear polyimides. • The pore size can be finely tuned through the side-chain engineering method. • The microporous polyimide with a smaller pore size exhibits better CO 2 selective uptake capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Through a sensing length of 1,1515 µm, the integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensor obtains a quadrature point and linear response in refractive index range of 1.31-1.42. The sensitivity is measured as 225.4 dB/RIU, and the response time is less than 20 s to solutions. Cost-efficient polymers are used as waveguide materials, and a microfluidic system is achieved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1697-1701, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A novel method of determination of DNA was proposed. [•] The linear range was 0.024–3.48μgmL−1. [•] The detection limit was 1.49ngmL−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inductively coupled plasma etching parameters for fabricating sensing windows of integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensor based on polymers are systematically investigated. Under the optimum etching condition, we fabricate an improved sensing waveguide with three sensing surfaces, whose sensitivity can be enhanced by a factor of 3.5 in theory. Through precisely controlling the etching time, low propagation loss and high hydrophilicity are both achieved in the etched sensing waveguide. This optimizing approach along with rapid response and stable operation has rendered the MZI waveguide sensor more competent to practical requirements of RI sensing and biochemical sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and should be considered when examining bone marrow specimens to identify a potentially treatable pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Basic methods for measuring aptamer–ligand dissociation constants are described. [•] The application of computational methods for simulating RNA aptamer structure is discussed. [•] Examples are given in which computational analysis has informed experimental studies of aptamers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Streak Tube Imaging Lidar (STIL) is provided with the characteristics of high resolution, high detection sensitivity, and wide field of view (FOV). It is a new type laser radar, and has actual application. For the low-contrast condition, image segment becomes difficult to STIL, which will influence on the detection/recognizing rate. In order to resolve the problem, a new polarized STIL imaging system is presented. Its structure is designed, which is included a polarizer and a Wollaston prism to the transmitting and receiving system, respectively. The polarized STIL can simultaneously collect the two polarization images. Through image processing and computing, the intensity and DOP images with high resolution are obtained, which can provide the rich information of targets. The far distance imaging experiments that the part target is hidden in the clutter are carried out. The results state that the polarization images have high-contrast, and it is easy to segment target from the background. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] A new method determining DNA concentration was proposed. [•] The linear range was 0.076–4.2μgmL−1. [•] The detection limit was 4.1ngmL−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To improve coke oven gas (COG) energy conversion, alternative configurations for amplifying hydrogen from COG are proposed in this paper. In these new configurations, a CO2 adsorption enhanced hydrogen amplification reactor is combined with a pressure swing adsorption separation unit (PSA) to produce pure hydrogen. Hydrogen production was integrated with desorption gas utilization, in situ CO2 capture and waste heat recovery to improve COG energy conversion efficiency and decrease CO2 emissions. To analyze the advantages of the flowsheet modifications, technical and economic performance indicators were used to evaluate and compare the performances of the various system configurations. Simulation results show that the alternative configurations proposed in this paper have higher energy conversion efficiencies, higher hydrogen yields and shorter dynamic payback periods. The variation of technical performance with reaction temperature, pressure, sorbent to carbon ratio and steam to carbon ratio were also analyzed using a sensitivity study. Optimal operating conditions for the CO2 adsorption enhanced hydrogen amplification reactor were obtained based on the simulation results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In recent years, building microporous polyimides (MPIs) via choosing simple commercial aromatic monomers or concise experimental methods is still an issue worthy to explore. Herein, two cross-linkable aromatic alkynyl monomers (TAPM-PEPA and TAPA-PEPA) were prepared from a commercial alkynyl anhydride PEPA and two aromatic multi-amine TAPM (3D-tetrahedron) and TAPA (near 2D-planar) monomers with different topological structures. The crosslinked polyimides were prepared and endowed microporous features via one-pot thermal crosslinking polymerization in the diphenyl sulfone. The TAPM-PEPA-CL has higher BET surface area and total pore volume (736 m2 g-1 and 0.497 cm3 g-1) than those of the TAPA-PEPA-CL (351 m2 g-1 and 0.358 cm3 g-1). As the topological structure becomes more stereoscopic, CO2 adsorption capacity has been significantly improved from 9.6 wt% to 13.5 wt%. Furthermore, the TAPM-PEPA-CL and TAPA-PEPA-CL have excellent selectivity for CO 2 /CH 4 (12.0–23.6) and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity (54.4–57.6) at 273 K and 1 bar. These results reveal that the introduction of crosslinked structures and control of topological structures have potential application significance for preparing microporous polyimides based on cross-linkable aromatic alkynyl monomers, which is beneficial for the development of the field of gas adsorption and selectivity. [Display omitted] • The crosslinked microporous polyimides were successfully prepared via commercial one-pot thermal crosslinking polymerization. • The porous performance can be tuned by changing topological structures of the precursors. • The crosslinked polyimides show favorable CO 2 adsorption (9.6–13.5 wt%) as well as excellent selectivity for CO 2 /CH 4 (12.0–23.6) and CO 2 /N 2 selectivities (54.4–57.6) at 273 K and 1 bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sika deer (Cervus nippon) are large ruminants distributed throughout northeastern Asia. The phylogenetic relationship of the sika deer subspecies remains unclear. The complete mitochondrial genomes of 287 sika deer from eight subspecies (C. n. hortulorum, C. n. sichuanicus, C. n. kopschi, C. n. taiouanus, C. n. yesoensis, C. n. centralis, C. n. nippon and C. n. yakushimae) were obtained. Haplotype network and development of a phylogenetic tree revealed China clusters and Japan clusters that were well separated based on the mitochondrial whole-genome level. Our studies indicate that China sika deer are genetically distinguishable from Japanese samples. Our findings increase the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of sika deer and could provide useful information for sika deer conservation projects as well as for sika deer genomics, emergence and geographical distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Excessive patulin contamination in fruit juice products pose a significant risk to human health. However, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive and long‐term survey regarding the contamination of patulin in fruit juices within the Chinese market. The present study revealed a discernible decline in the patulin contamination levels, which were as follows: 60% (33/55), 18.28% (17/93), 0% (0/122), 15.58% (12/77), and 0% (0/63) at various survey time dates (2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022). Among them, 18.18% (in 2014), 6.45% (in 2016), and 3.90% (in 2020) of samples exceeded the maximum limit concentration of 50 μg/L, respectively. Despite the presence of varying levels of patulin contamination, the average daily intake of patulin across all years did not present a discernible risk to human health. This investigation offers valuable insights for evaluating the extent of human exposure to patulin and establishing regulatory measures to ensure the safety of juice products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, linear polyimides of intrinsic microporosity have been widely used in the field of gas adsorption and separation because of their high BET surface area and microporous structures. Most of the microporous structures come from the twisted main-chain structures in the linear polyimides of intrinsic microporosity. Therefore, most linear polyimides (PI) without twisted structure have no porosity. Herein, to construct the linear polyimide with microporous structure, a sequence of microporous polyimides (PIs-CL) were constructed from the flexible linear polyimide precursors through the thermal crosslinking reaction. The polyimide precursors without twisted structure were synthesized from a well-designed diamine TFVBPA with cross-linkable ethynyl groups and several commercial dianhydrides (ODPA, BPDA, PMDA and 6FDA) by polycondensation to research the influence of the main-chain structure on the porous characters. The introduction of crosslinked structures gives the linear crosslinked polyimides (PIs-CL) with porous structures. The PIs-CL show obviously improved porosity (0.52–1.71 nm) and higher BET surface area (337–618 m2 g−1) than those of the uncrosslinked polyimides (PIs). Moreover, PIs-CL have favorable CO 2 adsorption (5.7–9.3 wt%) as well as good CO 2 /N 2 selectivity (34.4–58.5) at 273 K, which are better than other polyimides materials. The introduction of crosslinked structures is an effective way to improve microporous porosity and gas sorption performance. Image 1 • The PIs-CL were successfully prepared via polycondensation and thermal crosslinking reaction. • The porous performance can be tuned by inducting crosslinked structure and changing main-chain structures. • The PIs-CL show excellent pore size (0.52–1.71 nm) and favorable CO 2 adsorption (5.7–9.3 wt%) at 273 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the time structure characteristics of collaborative knowledge production behaviors in Q&A (question-and-answer) communities for explicit and tacit knowledge, and systematically investigate the supply side and the demand side of knowledge production. Design/methodology/approach: Taking Zhihu as the research object, using the methods of recurrence plot and recurrence quantification analysis, this paper analyzes the recursive characteristics of the motion trajectories of the three behavioral sequences of questioning, answering, and discussion, qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the generation and evolution mechanism of explicit and tacit knowledge. Findings: The results show that compared with the demand-side behavior sequence, the supply-side behavior sequence exhibits higher stability, complexity and periodicity. Compared with the tacit knowledge topics, the demand-side behavior sequence of the explicit knowledge topics shows stronger nonlinearity, and the supply-side behavior sequence shows lower complexity. Originality/value: The research conclusions provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of the recurrence plot method in distinguishing different types of knowledge production behaviors and have important application value for the "crowdsourcing" knowledge generation and identification under the knowledge economy and the sustainable development of the socialized question-and-answer community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]