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Proposes an analytical thermal model of ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation. Explanation for the changing slope of the curve of etch depth and logarithmic fluence; Information on the technical applications of laser ablation of materials; Discussion on the temperature and velocity of laser ablating surface without vapor plasma screening.

Discusses a study on surface stability during laser pulsed melting of polymers and ceramics. Irradiation of melt; Melt of finite depth; Origin of droplets at laser ablation deposition of thin films.

Presents a study which examined surface relief stability in the laser melting of materials with relatively high thermal diffusivity and/or relatively high absorption coefficient. Correlation between thermal material processing by laser and surface structure formation; Details on the long pulse irraditation of the materials; Overview of short pulse irradiation on the surface relief.

The results of work on creation of an original formalized method for estimation of the economic efficiency of the know-how for selection of the directions for the state investments from the balance models under uncertainty were compactly presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic materials and, in particular, polymer films enhanced with certain nanocrystals have a potential for wide application in electronics and optoelectronics due to their organic flexibility, lightweight, simple integration, affordable manufacturing cost, and low environmental impact of their production. The purpose of this research is to investigate the electrical properties of polymer-based composite films containing Cd1-xCuxS nanocrystals in order to determine their prospects for use as conductive layers in organic electronics and optoelectronics. The paper contains a detailed description of the synthesis method of hybrid nanocomposite films based on peroxide reactive copolymer (PRC) with Cd1-xCuxS nanocrystals. The defect structure of the films is studied by analyzing the photoluminescence spectra. Current-voltage characteristics of the films with different Cd and Cu contents in the Cd1-xCuxS nanocrystals embedded into the polymer matrix, deposited on glass substrates are measured in the dark and under light illumination. The film conductivity is found to increase with the Cu content in the Cd1-xCuxS nanocrystals. The carrier transport corresponds to the Ohm law at low voltages and the space charge limited current (SCLC) or Poole-Frenkel mechanisms at higher ones. The conductivity of the polymer-based hybrid nanocomposite films has a weak dependence on the intensity of light illumination. The explanation of the obtained experimental results is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the problem of planning economic development under uncertainty in the outcome of arms reduction talks that influence the choice of a long-term development goal, either peaceful or defensive. Instead of two-stage planning, we consider multistage planning which is not purely guaranteeing but rather stochastically guaranteeing. We assume that predictions of probabilities for various outcomes of the talks that are needed for this are provided by experts. Compared to the results of the talks on previous stages, expert predictions are corrected with formal statistical methods. We illustrate the general foundations of our approach with a twosector dynamic model of the economy with the maximum principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a simplified formalization of a complex political-economic situation that deals with planning the development of national economy under lengthy talks on disarmament in the world with a priori uncertain results. With the example of a two-sector Leontieff dynamic model, we construct a two-stage optimal control scheme with minimax terminal criterion. This criterion guarantees the fastest possible achievement of the harder one among the defensive and peaceful goals that correspond to future results of the talks. With the Pontryagin's maximum principle and the guaranteed result principle, we obtain an analytic solution for this example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider and formalize the problem of finding optimal accuracy for prior prediction of disturbances in guaranteed planning problems under the assumption that there exist ready algorithms for processing observations able to increase prediction quality at some significant added costs. We analyze the general qualitative scheme of this problem and find analytic dependencies of optimal prediction quality for an illustrative problem of delivery planning. With the example of this problem, we show how useful it is to establish connections between different components in the disturbance vector. We propose a scheme of step-by-step increase in prediction accuracy that does not require prior knowledge of the prediction costs function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors affecting the maintenance of stable batch quality when batch is loaded into glass furnaces after being transported from a sectional shop over a long distance are analyzed. The deficiencies arising during batch preparation and transport to a glass furnace are analyzed. A new method of loading batch into a glass furnace is proposed on the basis of the analysis; this method makes it possible to support optimal moisture content and uniformity of batch prior to loading into the furnace. The new method of loading batch has been tested in a glass furnace at 'Salavatsteklo' JSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physico-chemical processes and individual factors affecting the uniformity of the mix both when the mix components are being mixed in a mixer in a sectional line and when the mix is transported and loaded into a glass-making furnace are analyzed. The effect of moistening on mix quality in obtaining glass mix and transporting and loading the mix into the furnace by means of mix loaders is determined. The temperature factors ensuring that the mix temperature when the mix is loaded into the furnace is no lower than 35 - 40°C are determined. The degree to which mix is removed with respect to both quantity and individual components on the loading hopper and regenerators along the glass-making furnace is determined. The direction for further research on optimizing the mix preparation process in order to increase the operational efficiency of a glass-making furnace is proposed on the basis of the results obtained in the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to further developments in the theory of designing new multipurpose technical systems. We introduce a better model of gradually refining information on uncertain factors in various stages of the system’s lifecycle. We account for the uncertainties’ influence not only on the optimality criterion, but also on the control admissibility set. The general constructions of a recursive Bellman type procedure, together with the generalized best guaranteed result principle, are accompanied by the analytic solution of an illustrative example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continued was a previous study of the peculiarities of the forbidden-situation games that analyzed the guaranteed results for various sequences of the participants’ actions. Consideration now was given to the deformations of the Nash and Pareto equilibria by the mutual actions of the game participants on the set of permissible controls. The general constructions are illustrated by the analytical solutions for the Cournot model of competitive interaction of two manufacturing companies complemented by a constraint on the total raw-material resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best guaranteed results in games where “others’” control actions influence not only the utility function but also the admissibility set of each participant are analyzed and compared. The research is conducted without a formal reduction to classical games on direct products of rigid admissibility sets by means of penalized extension of the utility function. By the example of the generalized Cournot duopoly, it is shown that, for a chosen participant, his right to be the first to use common scarce resources might be more important than awareness of previous choices of his competitors. This means the possibility of violating the fundamental inequality of the classical game theory which states that the max-min of the utility function does not exceed its min-max, established for games on direct products of sets of admissible control actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the possibilities of forming nanostructures at solid surfaces by laser pulses that leads to the melting of the material surface. As a result of the solution of a linearized kinetic equation for the distribution function of the sizes of crystal nuclei formed from the melt, the most probable nucleus size is determined. Study shows that its size decreases with an increase in the cooling rate.

The fundamental issues of extending the period between repairs for glass-melting tank furnaces are analyzed. Based on data obtained in studying refractory brickwork after the furnace has been stopped for a cold repair and analyzing the specifics of corrosion of refractories in various structural elements, technical solutions are proposed and implemented enabling one to extend the tank furnace campaign to 7–8 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen, an important material made of a protein of the extracellular matrix, was extracted from rat tail tendons by acetic acid dissolution, and dry glassy films (15% water content) with smooth surfaces were casted from the solution with a thickness of ∼25 μm. Collagen and similar biopolymer films surface were exposed to single pulses of radiation of the KrF laser with increasing fluence. A white damaged area appears on the treated surface at a threshold of 0.5 J/cm2 with a single pulse and becomes more visible for higher fluence. SEM and profilometry of the ablated surface displays an important swelling (∼5–7 μm) and a microscopic foam structure indicative of the laser induced expansion of the excited material. This process is due to the explosive ablation (a critical phenomenon also called explosive boiling or phase explosion) of the irradiated material and produces upon laser heating a high concentration of bubbles within the polymer because of the relatively large absorption depth (20 μm) and the presence of a large amount of water in the material. Further bubble colliding and bursting produces a three-dimensional polymer micro-foam with interconnected pores. This is the first this result has been reported. The laser induced micro-foam may display some interesting properties for new applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acceleration and expulsion of a laser-induced melt layer in laser ablation of polymers is studied based on a combination of a quantitative theoretical modeling of ablation pressure and viscous melt flow with an experimental technique of a precise nanoscale measurement of the resulting surface profile. For two particular examples corresponding to so-called ‘stationary’ and ‘non-stationary’ liquid layer flows the following results are obtained: (i) the kinematic viscosity of the laser-induced melt layer on the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) at extreme conditions of KrF laser ablation is found for the first time and (ii) a new form of material removal in laser ablation is explained – expulsion of long (up to 1 mm) nanofibers with a radius of about 150–200 nm when a poly(methyl methacrylate) target is irradiated with a single pulse of a KrF excimer laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardinal changes in the design of sheet glass tank furnaces that significantly improve the technical and economic indexes are examined. The most effective technical solutions are the change in the design of the feed pocket, burners, regenerators, and knuckle and equipping them with modern process equipment and highly stable refractories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on the improvement of the main technical and economical parameters of glass-melting furnaces in the leading countries and at the Salavatsteklo company are given. The authors consider the issues of upgrading the furnace design and operating regimes, which can increases the thermal and technological efficiency of furnaces, extend their campaign, and improve product quality. It is demonstrated that the optimal variants of refractory brickwork and thermal insulation of the most critical structural elements of the furnace substantially increase the furnace reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of magnetic coils used to correct the error fields at the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak, which appear due to the imperfections of the production and assembly of the tokamak magnetic system, is described. The magnetic sensors that are used to monitor the locked helical MHD modes are also described. The results of experiments on detecting the locked modes in the discharges with plasma heating by neutral beam injection are presented. A correlation is found between the appearance of the locked modes accompanied by the loss of fast ions and the confinement of the main plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the configuration of the COSMO-Ru6Sib system with a horizontal grid spacing of 6.6 km adapted to regional conditions. The COSMO-Ru2Sib configuration with a horizontal grid spacing of 2.2 km is also considered. The results of modifying this configuration using weather radar data assimilation as well as urban canopy parameterization are presented and discussed. The results of numerical experiments for the COSMO-Ru6Sib with the COSMO and ICON-LAM models as compute kernels are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work done at an enterprise to expand the product line and improve product quality is shown. When the container glass line was reconstructed, the furnace operation was improved, the mix dispensing system was upgraded, the chemical composition of the glass was changed, and article monitoring at the exit was tightened. These and other actions improved product quality improved and expanded the product line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on plasma disruption processes in the modernized Globus-M2 spherical tokamak are presented. Electron temperature and density profiles before the disruption, immediately after thermal quench and in the stage of plasma current quench are measured using the diagnostics of Thomson scattering of laser radiation. The dependence of the plasma current decay time during disruption on the pre-disruption current value is determined. The distribution of the toroidal current, which is induced during disruption, in the shell of the vessel is determined on the basis of magnetic measurements. Electromagnetic loads on the vessel are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pyGSS code constructed for computation of free-boundary plasma equilibrium in spherical Globus-M2 tokamak is described. Currents in the coils of the electromagnetic system, their coordinates, plasma current, positions of the limiter and current-conducting wall, etc., are used as the input parameters. Free parameters determining spatial distribution of equilibrium pressure and current density are selected in the course of code execution in such a way that the results of reconstruction would agree with the experimental measurements of the poloidal magnetic flux by means of toroidally closed loops. The results of computation of equilibrium are compared with those obtained by means of other codes and experimentally measured thermal plasma energy, position of the separatrix outer leg, the diamagnetic-loop signal, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the compact spherical Globus-M2 tokamak, a series of experiments was conducted to study the effect of the injection of nitrogen on the discharge parameters. The experiments were carried out in discharges in deuterium in the divertor configuration, and the auxiliary heating was performed by deuterium neutral beam injection. During the nitrogen seeding, a substantial decrease in electron temperature near the divertor was recorded as well as a sharp decrease of the heat flux onto the divertor plate, while the density and temperature of the main plasma changed insignificantly. Simulations by the SOLPS-ITER showed a satisfactory agreement with the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of experiments are described, which were performed at the Globus-M2 tokamak and aimed at studying the fast ion loss at the outer tokamak wall due to fast ions interaction with the toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes. The local heating of carbon tiles was experimentally measured, and the corresponding heat flux was calculated. It was shown how simulations of the lost particle orbits can explain the characteristic features of the spatial map of wall heating. The flux of lost fast particles onto the wall was studied as a function of the instability amplitude. It has been demonstrated that the simulations predict similar dependence of the fast ion flux on the instability amplitude and also correlate its nature to the peculiarities of fast ions spatial distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Absorbed power of the neutral-injection beam in spherical tokamaks Globus-M/M2 is estimated numerically. Deceleration of fast particles is simulated by means of the NUBEAM code. The signal of analyzer of charge-exchange atoms is simulated by means of the FIDASIM code using the distribution function of fast ions calculated by means of the NUBEAM code. Comparison of calculated and experimental signals allowed determining the degree of influence of instabilities on confinement of fast particles along with absorbed beam power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-speed two-color pyrometer has been developed that allows measuring the intensity of thermal radiation in temperature range of 100–3500°C with 2 μs time resolution. The analysis of main factors affecting the measurement of surface temperature in the conditions of its interaction with plasma is carried out. It is shown that at plasma temperature of more than 10 eV and moderate particles density, the wall plasma can be considered transparent to thermal radiation. Experimental studies on non-contact measurement of temperature of surface interacting with plasma on Globus-M2 tokamak and plasma gun test bench have been carried out. Sawtooth temperature fluctuations were detected on the wall of tokamak chamber near the exit of outer separatrix branch. The period of these flashes was 3–4 ms, and duration was 2 ms. The maximum wall temperature measured by a high-speed pyrometer exceeded temperature measured by infrared camera. Front surface temperature measurements of W-Li sample were carried out at plasma gun test bench under conditions of deuterium plasma jet cyclic action under loads simulating regimes of plasma current disruption in tokamak. The sample temperature reached more than 3000°C during ~ 1 ms. The thermal conductivity of the sample degraded with an increase in number of plasma exposure cycles, which was expressed in progressive decrease in target cooling rate after the pulse. Using a high-speed pyrometer, it is proposed to control the formation of heat-insulating foils on surface interacting with plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the peripheral instabilities observed at the Globus-M2 tokamak, two types of edge localized modes (ELMs) are brought into focus: ELMs synchronized and desynchronized with the sawtooth oscillations. The desynchronized ELMs appear in regimes that are characterized by high values of pressure in the pedestal, pped ≥ 3 kPa, and they are observed in discharges with the toroidal magnetic field BT > 0.6 T and plasma current IP > 0.3 MA. The desynchronized ELMs belong to the type-III/V with the dominating effect of the peeling mode. The synchronized ELMs were observed in a wider range of discharge parameters, including at BT < 0.6 T and IP < 0.3 MA. Calculations of the stability of the peeling-ballooning (PB) mode showed that at pedestal width ψnorm = 0.09 and pped > 3.5 kPa, destabilization of PB modes is possible without additional influence. Experimental data shows that the microtearing mode plays a dominant role in the pedestal. The microtearing mode does not allow the pedestal at Globus-M2 tokamak to reach the state of the unstable kinetic ballooning mode (KBM), which explains the low predictive power of the EPED model at this tokamak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a study of the quality variability of float-glass produced with top-grade equipment and technology are presented and the reasons for the fluctuations are analyzed. It is concluded on the basis of the analysis that consistently high-quality product cannot be obtained without increasing the quality of the raw materials used for making batch. In our opinion, the best way to solve this problem is to tighten the specifications for the raw-materials components used for glass batch and to set high, firmly established quality specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

new multipurpose technical system designed under the uncertain conditions was compared in terms of the guaranteed estimate of earnings with the functioning system and the ideal system, which hypothetically could have been constructed in the presence of precise a priori information about all-in reality, uncertain, uncontrollable-factors. The guaranteed estimate-based comparisons were corroborated by the experiments with a conventional example under various, not only critical, variants of the a priori uncertain factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have analyzed experimental data on the effect of short-term melting followed by recrystallization on the microstructure and critical current density of YBa2Cu3O7 − x , Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 − x , and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 − x high- T c ceramics. The ceramics were melted using different heat sources: infrared lamps, laser radiation, and electric current. A significant increase in the critical current density of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 − x ceramics (by a factor of 40 at 20 K and by a factor of 8 at 77 K) was achieved using cw CO2 laser irradiation. Melting TiC-doped (0.1%) Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 − x ceramics with a CO2 laser, followed by annealing, insured an even larger increase in critical current density: by a factor of 35 at 77 K. We have calculated the thickness of the molten layer produced by laser heating of high- T c ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of laser drilling of highly porous composite ceramics consisting of aluminosilicate, glass, and a small addition of polystyrene (EPS) were studied experimentally. It was found that the formation of a liquid phase can contribute to the strengthening of ceramics. A list of factors determining the dynamics of hole formation is proposed. These include not only heating, melting, ablation, and ejection, previously known for metals and dense ceramics, but also a number of others: boiling-up of the mixture component with the lowest temperature of thermal decomposition and its departure from the affected zone; melt of less volatile components; compaction of ceramic adjoining the walls; glass transition of the liquid phase on cooling after irradiation. These effects depend on the density of the composite as well as on the viscosity of the liquefied material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of studying the transfer of heat and particles in the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak in discharges with neutral injection at the current ramp up. An atomic beam was injected into the tokamak plasma at a fixed toroidal magnetic field of 0.7 T. The plasma current on the plateau was varied in the range 0.2–0.3 MA. Based on the electron temperature and concentration spatial distributions measured by the Thomson scattering method, the transport of heat and particles in plasma was simulated using the ASTRA code. The energy confinement time of the plasma was determined, as well as estimates of the coefficients of thermal diffusivity and diffusion was made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic principles for controlling the thermal and technological regimes of the glassmaking process in furnaces used for sheet-glass production by the float method are presented. Fuel delivery is redistributed above the melting zone in order to improve the operating efficiency of the glass furnace. The technical results of using an efficient distribution of the thermal loads over the burners in the furnace is lower energy consumption in the melting process and higher product quality. It is important to maintain the prescribed level of iron oxides in the glass and to monitor the oxidation-reduction potential during the glass melting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the quality of quality of a basic component (cullet) of batch on the final product (float-glass) is shown. The effect of the quality of cullet (the manufacturer's own and from outside suppliers) and the constancy of the amount of cullet loaded into the furnace on float-glass quality is analyzed. It is concluded that in order to supply high-quality cullet to glass enterprises in the Russian Federation centralized facilities for collecting and recycling float-glass cullet using advanced technology and high-capacity equipment must be built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the KrF laser (248 nm) nanosecond single-pulse irradiation in vacuum of a mirror-polished surface of a model β-titanium alloy. A series of single-pulse laser-annealing experiments is performed with increasing fluence adjusted to obtain conditions from submelting (a few mJ/cm2) up to intense laser ablation (30 J/cm2). The structural and morphological changes are followed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as with other analytical techniques, and compared with the starting αβ equilibrium mixture of the untreated sample. The results are discussed and related to the theoretical estimation of fluences corresponding to the β-transus, melting, boiling and intense ablation (phase-explosion) thresholds as well as to the estimates of melt depth and lifetime evaluation as a function of fluence. By carrying out laser annealing in vacuum the surface oxidation is avoided while roughening and phase transformations are favoured within the laser-heated depth. The mirror-polished starting surface is composed of nanometric α-precipitates embedded in a β-matrix, whose surface is systematically 5–10 nm above the α-surface. Upon laser annealing with increasing fluence the α-nanocrystals transform progressively into β-phase, resulting in an increasing relief. At higher fluence the conditions for increasing roughness are studied. Submicrometre roughness is expected to improve cell adhesion to β-titanium alloys and hence osteointegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conditions for hydration of soda and their effect on batch quality are considered. Regimes for transportation and storage of batch are determined. Recommendations for charging and discharging of batch are issued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the spherical tokamak Globus-M2 in discharges with toroidal magnetic field of 0.7 T by means of magnetic probes and a number of other diagnostics during neutral beam injection at the current ramp up stage, magnetic field oscillations in the range of 100–300 kHz having their frequency increasing in time, had been observed. Eigenmodes with wavenumbers n = 1–3 and m = 2–4 were being registered. These oscillations were identified as Alfvén cascades. By means of multi-channel fluctuation reflectometer, observed eigenmodes were found to be localized near the magnetic shear reversal radius. Application of MHD-spectroscopy technique allowed us to determine safety factor temporal evolution and experimental values are in well agreement with modelling results, provided by ASTRA transport code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the latest results and summarizes the study of ion heat transport in the Globus-M spherical tokamak in regimes with neutral beam injection. Ion heat transport was investigated in discharges with various toroidal magnetic fields and plasma currents. Measurements of the ion temperature were carried out using charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy and a neutral particle analyzer. Plasma simulations using transport code ASTRA have shown that ion heat transport in Globus-M is predominantly neoclassical even for low collisionality range. The local transport analysis indicates that plasma core is stable to ion scale instabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of plasma boundary location based on last closed magnetic surface position detection as a maximum of electrostatic potential measured using Langmuir probes is presented. It is demonstrated that the method can be used for an absolute calibration of magnetic diagnostics of plasma position (TUMAN-3M) and as an independent diagnostic tool (Globus-M). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of experiments and simulations of the transport of heat and particles in the Globus-M spherical tokamak are presented. Investigations were carried out in the ohmic mode in hydrogen and deuterium plasma. It is shown that in the phase of current growth under the same initial conditions, as long as the condition is met at which the minimum of the safety factor exceeds unity, two scenarios of discharge development are possible: with an electron temperature dive or with an electron density peak. After the safety factor reaches the value of 1, the differences are no longer observed. Modeling of transport processes using the ASTRA code showed that the dive of the electron temperature and density is a consequence of the decrease in the transport of heat and particles in the plasma core (i.e., the presence of internal transport barriers). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which proposed a modified matrix calorimetric method that allows one to determine, with the use of only one thermocouple, the distribution of power dissipation across an extended heat source. Description of the proposed method; Methodology of the study; Results and discussion.

Presents a study which analyzed the role of the periodic structures (PS) in the process of interaction of high-intensity laser radiation with metallic surfaces. Information on the local magnitude of the absorptivity in the maxima and minima of surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) and incident radiation interference; Dependence of values of the SEW field on the PS depth; Kinetics of PS emergence.

We apply perturbation theory and cyclic spin permutation formalism to study the lowest energy states of the infinite-repulsion Hubbard model on finite fragments of n-leg ladder rings and show jump-wise behavior of the ground state spin S0 as a function of fragment parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the last (in the thermonuclear program "Magnetic compression") MAGO-IX experiment with a plasma chamber including a third compartment designed to compress plasma with a converging liner are presented. An X-ray pulse consisting of an intense peak of 1-µs duration, followed by a low-intensity tail with a duration of more than 10 µs, was recorded. In the MAGO-IX experiment, the neutrons were generated mainly in the third compartment. A neutron yield of 2 × 1012 was obtained. The results demonstrate that the expected compression of preheated plasma in chambers similar to MAGO-IX is promising for achieving thermonuclear ignition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental study of thermal energy confinement in magnetic confinement devices is one of the fundamental problems in plasma physics. The data processing technique covering kinetic and magnetic measurements performed for the Globus-M tokamak is described. A zero-dimensional code has been developed on the basis of this approach making it possible to calculate important discharge parameters during the experiment (between discharges): the electron and ion stored thermal energy content, plasma effective charge, and confinement time. Good agreement of the zero-dimensional calculations and ASTRA modeling indicates that this approach can be applied for routine data processing in Globus-M in view of the specifics of the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that for finite cyclic systems described by two band Hubbard Hamiltonian with strong electron repulsion the reduction to effective t-J model may give incorrect description of the ground state symmetry due to neglect of the correlated hopping terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]