Search

Breast cancer is one of the major issues in the field of oncology, reported with a higher prevalence rate in women worldwide. In attempt to reveal the potential biomarkers for breast cancer, the findings of differentially glycosylated haptoglobin and osteonectin in previous study have drawn our attention towards glycoproteins of secretome from the MCF-7 cancer cell line. In the present study, further analyses were performed on the medium of MCF-7 cells by subjecting it to two-dimensional analyses followed by image analysis in contrast to the medium of human mammary epithelial cells (HMEpC) as a negative control. Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), haptoglobin (HP), and HSC70 were detected in the medium of MCF-7, while only CPA4 and osteonectin (ON) were detected in HMEpC medium. In addition, CPA4 was detected as upregulated in the MCF-7 medium. Further analysis by lectin showed that CPA4, AAT, HP, and HSC70 were secreted as N-glycan in the medium of MCF-7, with HP also showing differentially N-glycosylated isoforms. For the HMEpC, only CPA4 was detected as N-glycan. No O-glycan was detected in the medium of HMEpC but MCF-7 expressed O-glycosylated CPA4 and HSC70. All these revealed that glycoproteins could be used as glycan-based biomarkers for the prognosis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NIR LED and laser diode as light sources for IV fluid infiltration detection using DRS technique under the dermis layer of a human skin phantom. • Lab-scale and prototype system were capable to detect as low as 0.1 ml of IV fluid under the dermis layer. • DRS detection sensitivity using laser diode light source was found more sensitive than LED. This study evaluates the performance of near-infrared (NIR) LED and laser diode as light sources for detecting intravenous fluid (IV) infiltration under dermis layer of skin phantom using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). A commercially available and relatively cheap NIR LED (950 nm) and laser diode (980 nm) were employed, and a laboratory DRS system was transformed into a portable prototype with Internet of Things (IoT) integration for smartphone data acquisition. The results demonstrate that both laboratory and prototype DRS systems successfully detected IV fluid as low as 0.1 ml beneath the dermis layer of skin phantom. Notably, the DRS sensitivity using the laser diode light source surpassed that of the LED, both in the laboratory and prototype DRS systems. These findings highlight the high potential of NIR laser diodes in DRS systems for highly sensitive infiltration detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]