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We evaluated the effect of two workshops on learning about critical thinking amongst first- year university students. 66 Chilean pedagogy students participated, all female, with ages ranging between 18 and 37 years. Two experimental groups were organized, one with direct teaching (n = 22) and another one with semi-directed teaching (n = 19), plus a control group (n = 25). Pre- and post-tests were applied with an abbreviated Pencrisal critical thinking questionnaire. The results showed statistically significant differences in both experimental groups between the pre- and post-test, with a greater difference in experimental group 1, while the control showed no significant differences. The covariables evaluated were age and academic performance upon entering university, observing that even after controlling for the aforementioned variables, there are differences between the experimental groups and the control. We discuss the possible positive effect of direct teaching in critical thinking as a more effective strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient anthocyanin extraction from emerging food matrices is essential in food technology and requires a precise, consistent, and clear extraction method. This study aimed to develop a decision-tree tool for selecting the optimal anthocyanin extraction technique. A comprehensive data synthesis covering the years 2018 to 2023 was conducted using leading academic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and SciELO. A combination of systematic and non-systematic approaches was employed to guide the decision-making process. The keywords used included "anthocyanin extraction methods," and studies with more than 10 citations were prioritized, along with recent and relevant publications. Thirty-six articles were analyzed according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews. While ultrasound and microwave-assisted methods were predominantly featured, accounting for 46% of the reviewed studies, other methods such as enzyme-assisted extraction, deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquid extraction were also evaluated for their comparative efficiency and suitability across various matrices. Fruits were the primary matrix, with a focus on the pericarp. While fruits, particularly the pericarp, was the primary matrix studied, the decision-tree tool is designed to be applicable across various food matrices, demonstrating its versatility and generalizability beyond fruits. The decision-tree tool was successfully applied to matrices with different structures, showcasing its adaptability. Integration of this tool could streamline selection processes, resulting in significant time and resource savings. In conclusion, this study highlights the influence of plant morpho-anatomical structures and extraction parameters on anthocyanin yield. It demonstrates how the decision-tree approach enhances efficiency and productivity, validated through blackberry and purple sweet potato matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐supporting concrete shell structures are highly efficient in distributing loads, which can result in very reduced thicknesses (ultra‐thin), giving them remarkable slenderness. Due to their geometric complexity, it is difficult to predict how they interact with wind action. The main aim of the present study is to assess the mean surface pressure coefficient distribution in a shell with a triangular plan shape and three supports for different angles of wind incidence. To determine the distribution of surface pressure coefficients and lift and drag force coefficients, an experimental study was carried out in a wind tunnel, and a numerical simulation study was performed through computational fluid dynamics. The experimental and numerical results were analyzed and compared, and making it possible to identify the most critical surface zones and wind incidences when the shell is under the wind action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of copper powder oxidation on the deposition efficiency, microstructure, wear and corrosion resistance. The gas-atomized copper powders in the as-received (Cu-Safina and Cu-FST) and oxidized states (Cu-treat, oxidized in air, 25 °C for 5 months; Cu-treat1, oxidized at 100 °C for 1 h; and Cu-treat2, oxidized at 200 °C for 1 h) were used to prepare the coatings by cold gas spray (CGS). XPS analysis detected Cu2O and CuO for all feedstock powders, increasing for oxidized ones. The deposition efficiency and thickness of the coatings followed the order: Cu-Safina > Cu-FST > Cu-treat1 > Cu-treat > Cu-treat2. For oxidized coatings, SEM images showed more defected microstructure, increase in pores, and microcracks. Cu-FST coating showed a sliding wear rate of (0.13 ± 0.01) × 10-4 mm3 N−1 m−1), and abrasive wear rate of (3.2 ± 0.2) × 10−4 mm3 N−1 m−1. Gas-atomized powder coatings showed a better corrosion resistance performance. The electrolyte did not reach the substrate/coating interface for t ≥ 700 h and the coatings resisted for 2000 h in salt fog tests. However, oxidized coatings showed low corrosion resistance due to the presence of cracks and defects, and the coating/substrate was severely damaged after ≈100 h in 3.5wt.%NaCl solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a density-dependent quark model and a relativistic model within the mean-field approximation for hadrons with density-dependent meson-baryon couplings, we construct, for the first time, models that describe hybrid neutron stars consisting of nucleons and exotic baryons (hyperons and Δ-resonances). We do the study using a Maxwell construction. The quark-hadron phase transition in the stellar matter is determined through the structure, composition, and properties of the hybrid neutron star matter. The macroscopic properties of the star are determined, and the results for these particular models are found to be compatible with recent observational astrophysical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses in detail and compares different interpretation procedures of snap-back and forced-vibration tests on a full-scale prototype founded on soft-soil, in order to assess their effectiveness for measuring the stiffness and damping of a shallow foundation under dynamic loads. Both properties were back-calculated through three alternative methods, i.e. through impedance functions computed in the frequency domain, or by interpreting force-displacement loops in terms of peak-to-peak amplitudes or of phase-shift. The damping was further calculated from the logarithmic decrement of free-vibration records. The resulting foundation stiffness and damping were observed to vary with the number of cycles and with the load frequency and amplitude. The comparison among the interpretation techniques revealed that the peak-to-peak approach fails when damping is high, because it neglects the delay between force and displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We obtain new exact solutions for the gravitational field equations in the context of f(R, T) gravity, thereby obtaining different classes of black holes surrounded by fluids, taking into account some specific values of the parameter of the equations of state, w. In order to obtain these solutions in the context of f(R, T) gravity, we consider viable particular choices of the f(R, T). Considering an anisotropic energy-momentum tensor, we write the field equations with the required symmetries for this type of solution. Then, we analyze the conditions of energy in a general way and also for particular values of the parameter w of the equation of state. In addition, thermodynamic quantities, such as Hawking temperature and mass associated to the horizons of solutions, are taken into account in our analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies that simulate recurrent drought events with subsequent episodes of rehydration better reflect natural conditions and allow visualization of differential acclimatization responses resulting from memory and tolerance mechanisms. Piper aduncum and Piper tuberculatum were grown in a greenhouse and were subjected to three successive cycles of drought and subsequent rehydration. After suspending irrigation, gas exchanges were measured daily with IRGA. When stomatal conductances close to zero were obtained, the plants were rehydrated and kept irrigated. In P. tuberculatum, stomatal conductance was always higher after periods of rehydration compared to the period before the drought, while the transpiration rate was lower only during the drought. The damage to the photosynthetic apparatus was caused by the influence of the interception of the flow of electrons in the transport chain. We came to the conclusion that the dehydrated plants showed an alert signal, which triggered response mechanisms to prevent or deal with the water stress situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing grain sorghum (GS) with palm kernel cake (PKC) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot steers fed highgrain diets. Forty male ½ Holstein × ½ Nellore steers with an initial weight of 331.1 ± 36.2 kg, at 24 ± 2 months of age, were housed in group stalls (10 cattle/stall) where they received diets containing 0, 80, 160, or 240 g/kg PKC on a dietary dry matter basis. After 126 days, the animals were slaughtered and their carcass and meat evaluated. The replacement of GS with PKC did not influence empty body weight, carcass weight, carcass length, or carcass yield. However, the thickness of subcutaneous fat in the carcass decreased with the replacement of GS with PKC. The meat pH increased linearly, whereas there were no changes in cooking loss, shear force, lightness (L*), and fat or cholesterol contents in the meat of the steers. Partial replacement (41,57%) of GS with PKC is recommended, with an inclusion of up to 240 g/kg PKC in high-grain diets for steers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most studied semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), WS 2 showed several advantages in comparison to their counterparts, such as a higher quantum yield, which is an important feature for quantum emission and lasing purposes. We studied transferred monolayers of WS 2 on a drilled Si 3 N 4 substrate in order to have insights about on how such heterostructure behaves from the Raman and photoluminescence (PL) measurements point of view. Our experimental findings showed that the Si 3 N 4 substrate influences the optical properties of single-layer WS 2 . Beyond that, seeking to shed light on the causes of the PL quenching observed experimentally, we developed density functional theory (DFT) based calculations to study the thermodynamic stability of the heterojunction through quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations as well as the electronic alignment of the energy levels in both materials. Our analysis showed that along with strain, a charge transfer mechanism plays an important role for the PL decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a computational study of free surface flows with rheologically complex interfaces in the film formation region of a slot coater. The equations of motion for incompressible Newtonian liquids in the bulk flow are coupled with the Boussinesq–Scriven constitutive equation for viscous interfaces in the dynamic boundary condition at the liquid-air free surface and solved with a mixed finite element method. We show that the interfacial viscosity plays a major role in the flow dynamics and operating limits of slot coating. We find that the interfacial viscosity makes viscous interfaces generally stiffer than their simple counterparts, affecting both the normal and the tangential stress jumps across the free surface. As a result, the interfacial viscosity counteracts the meniscus retraction and slows down the film flow, increasing the development length over the substrate and changing the topology of the recirculation region in the coating bead. Remarkably, we also find that the interfacial viscosity can substantially broaden the operating boundaries of the coating window associated with the low-flow limit, suggesting that surface-active components can be suitably designed to allow for the stable production of thinner films at higher speeds by tuning interfacial material properties in slot coating applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate non-inertial effects induced by a rotating frame on a non-relativistic quantum harmonic oscillator as well as of the topology associated to a screw dislocation, which corresponds to a distortion of a vertical line into a vertical spiral. To do this, we obtain the analytical solutions of the time-independent Schrdinger equation for this harmonic oscillator potential in this background. The expressions for the energy spectrum are obtained and the solutions for four quantum states, namely, n = 0 , 1 , 2 and 3 , are analyzed. Our results show that the presence of the topological defect (screw dislocation) as well the fact that we are analyzing the system from the point of view of a rotating frame, changes the solutions of Schrdinger equation and the corresponding spectrum. Now these quantities depend on the angular velocity of the rotating frame, Ω , and also on the parameter β , which codifies the presence of the screw dislocation. Particularly, with respect to the energy spectrum of the system the changing is such that when Ω increases, the energy can increase or decrease depending on the values we assign to the eigenvalues of the angular and linear momenta. Additionally, we observe that the values of the parameter β that characterizes the screw dislocation cause a shift in the energy spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we deal with the global exact controllability to the trajectories of the Boussinesq system posed in 2D or 3D smooth bounded domains. The velocity field of the fluid must satisfy a Navier-slip-with-friction boundary condition, and a Robin boundary condition is imposed to the temperature. We assume that one can act on the velocity and the temperature on a small part of the boundary. For the proof, we first transform the boundary control problem into a distributed control problem. Then, we prove a global approximate controllability result by adapting the strategy of Coron, Marbach, and Sueur [J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS), 22 (2020), pp. 1625-1673]; this relies on the controllability properties of the inviscid Boussinesq system and the analysis of appropriate asymptotic boundary layer expansions. Finally, we conclude with a local controllability result; as in many other cases, this can be established as a consequence of the null controllability of a linearized system through a fixed-point argument. Our contribution can be viewed as an extension of the results in [J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS), 22 (2020), pp. 1625--1673], where thermal effects were not considered. Thus, we prove that the ideas behind the controllability properties of the Euler system and the well-prepared dissipation technique can be adapted to the present situation. Furthermore, we cover all the classical boundary conditions for the temperature, that is, those of the Robin, Neumann, and Dirichlet kinds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is an excerpt from a research at master's level, and aims to analyze the ways of thinking about the concepts of entropy and spontaneity that emerge in the responses of undergraduate students to three problemsituations, part of a didactic sequence for discussing these concepts, from the perspective of the Theory of Conceptual Profiles. These problem-situations were developed considering contexts in which different areas of the conceptual profile have pragmatic value. The analysis of responses was carried out according to Lemke's thematic patterns, which establish semantic relations according to discursive interactions. The results point to the emergence of two zones of the conceptual profile of entropy and spontaneity, perceptual/intuitive and empirical, however, it was not always possible to identify a way of thinking about these concepts, as students avoided using the concept of entropy, seeking to use other concepts studied in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coexistent acute coronary syndrome with bundle-branch block can have a poor outcome, and primary percutaneous coronary intervention is an option for patients with persistent ischemic symptoms and a recent right bundle-branch block (RBBB). This condition poses a diagnostic challenge, with differentiation from transmural ischemia and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), beside which, new-onset RBBB can follow acute myocardial infarction. As new-onset transient RBBB in a patient with STEMI carries high risk for short-term mortality, emergency invasive stratification should be performed at the earliest possible. The aim of this case study is to enhance the suspicion index of primary health care workers about this clinical entity, which may evolve when unsuspected, misdiagnosed or not well-controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing usage of hybrid cable-overhead lines raises concerns over the protection of short cable sections against lightning surges, because of voltage build-up in the cable section. To set a simulation model of the phenomenon is time consuming, with numerous parameters impacting the overvoltage. This paper (Part I) presents formulas able to perform a fast estimation of the maximum overvoltage at a cable-overhead line transition point in the event of shielding failure. The formulas estimate the overvoltage with and without surge arrester, as well as the energy absorbed by the surge arrester. These formulas do not require an electromagnetic transients software and they can be implemented as a script, requiring solely the geometric data of the cable and overhead line, information available in the respective datasheets. The main usefulness is a tool for a fast screening of the overvoltages and a fast evaluation of the impact of different parameters such as cable length, lightning waveform and grounding impedance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper (Part II) continues the study from Part I by presenting formulas able to do a fast estimation of the voltage at an underground cable sheath for lightning surges striking an earth wire, with and without back-flashover. Similar to Part I, these formulas do not require an electromagnetic transients (EMT) software and can be implemented as scrip for a fast screening of potential issues, requiring solely the geometric data of the cable and the overhead line. The potential impact and limitations of the simplifications are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years saw increasing of harmonic distortion at transmission grids caused partly by a growing system undergrounding, leading to resonances at lower frequencies. Presently, the estimation of the harmonic distortion through simulations after significant grid changes is not sufficiently accurate, and the understanding of harmonics propagation is a topic under research. This hinders grid development by system operators, as it is not possible to assess fully the impact of new lines. This paper presents and analyses four harmonic-related phenomena: (1) impact of line asymmetry in long HVAC cables; (2) harmonic peak voltage/current along a line; (3) harmonic propagation between voltage levels; (4) fillter location. The paper summarizes the root causes and consequences of each phenomenon, together with tools and recommendations that can ease the assessment of harmonic propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-grain diet is essential to maximize growth and yield as well as to provide high-quality meat in beef cattle. This study evaluated the effects of including licuri cake in high-grain diets for steers on performance and carcass and meat quality. Forty-four crossbred (1/2 Bos taurus × 1/2 Bos indicus) castrated steers at 24 months of age, with an initial weight of 358.19 ± 41.57 kg, were used. The animals were distributed into four treatments that consisted of diets including licuri cake (0, 85, 170, or 255 g/kg, dry matter basis). Dry matter intake and digestibility decreased with the inclusion of licuri cake in the diet. However, the addition of the ingredient did not influence the intakes of total digestible nutrients (6.7 ± 0.5 kg/day) or crude protein. Licuri cake inclusion did not influence weight gain (1.5 ± 0.2 kg/day) or hot carcass weight (255.1 ± 24.9 kg). There was also no effect on carcass fat thickness, whereas the cholesterol content in the meat decreased with the addition of the cake. We recommend the inclusion of up to 255 g/kg licuri cake in the diet of feedlot steers fed high-concentrate diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a new methodology to model elastic lattice systems through a two-step approach that permits to reliably capture its dynamic behavior with a lower computational cost than modeling the lattice explicitly. The first step consists of a non-standard continualization accounting for scale effects. Several methods are explored to derive new continuum models, whose dispersive and vibrational behaviors are compared to that of the lattice, considered as a reference. Non-classical models with micro-inertia reveal high accuracy, not presenting physical inconsistencies. The second step follows a FEM spatial discretization of the developed continua, accounting for micro inertia terms in the mass matrix. Finally, the FEM formulation allows the use of element sizes larger (up to four times) than the physical length scale of the lattice system, thus significantly reducing the computational cost while maintaining accuracy and enabling a versatile application to materials, geometries and boundary conditions. The methodology is tested here for a 2D system with displacements in the plane, but can be extended to other lattice typologies as well. [Display omitted] • A novel approach for dynamic FEM in rectangular plate lattice systems is developed. • Different continualization method are applied persuading new micro-inertia models. • The continuum models are assessed by dynamic comparisons with the discrete one. • The occurrence of physical inconsistences in some new continuum models is assessed. • The FEM significantly reduces the computational cost and provides reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Automotive Industry (AI), and in all other industries linked to it, the increase in competitiveness and the compliance with environmental requirements are mandatory. Thus, the efforts to increase the lifespan of fabrication equipment and tooling are greater than ever. This work was developed around this real need, seeking to increase the lifespan of electrical terminal crimping punches for the AI. The process to achieve the objective of the practical work began with the collection of samples from the main competitors in the market, to be able to analyze and characterize them. Subsequently, brainstorming sessions were carried out, enabling to choose which alternative samples would be produced, analyzed, and characterized. New crimping punches were then characterized at different stages of production, to study the importance and impact of the finishing stages of the production process. Finally, new samples were produced, put to the test at a real customer and advanced characterization tests were done, which allowed a better understanding of the evolution of tool wear during its lifetime. This work contributed to a better clarification of the lifespan of crimping punches, making it possible to identify potential wear mechanisms and, consequently, propose a solution that maximizes the lifespan of crimping punches. Moreover, significant lifespan improvements were attained with marginal production cost variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high competitiveness that characterizes the automotive industry (AI), there is an intensive search for improvements that translates into significant impacts on the productivity, still guaranteeing the levels of quality required by the client. The requirement for flexibility is leading to a paradigm shift that arises from a constant change in the needs of consumers, who demand an ever-higher level of customization in the products. In recent years, the increasing use of automation in industry resulted in significantly improved product quality, better working environment, higher cost efficiency, and major improvement in process flexibility. The present work addresses the productivity improvement of a control cable manufacturing machine for the AI. The main objective is related to the development of a new stripping machine concept that allows the simultaneous coating removal from two cables, thus eliminating an existing bottleneck in the injection process of the cables' first Zamak terminal. A prototype machine was built, and the new concept validated, and then implemented in the factory. An automatic cable extraction system was also designed, aiming to reduce the number of manual tasks performed by the operator, with the expectation of further improving the process productivity. The development of the two new mechanisms followed the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology. With the implementation of the new double stripping concept and automatic cable extraction system, a major increase in productivity (up to 87.8% compared to the current condition) and cost reduction were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, different standard and nonstandard continualization techniques are applied to a one-dimensional solid consisting in a chain of masses interacting with nearest and next-nearest neighbors through linear springs. The study focuses on the reliability of the different continua in capturing the dispersive behavior of the discrete, on the order of the continuous governing equation because of its effect on the need for including nonclassical boundary conditions, as well as on the physical inconsistencies that appear for short wavelengths. The Regularization method, used by Bacigalupo and Gambarotta for a lattice with nearest interactions, presents advantages over the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restricted-feeding may be a useful management tool available to reduce environmental impact in feedlots. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of the duration of restricted-feeding on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) excretion, growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. Twenty-five Holstein × Zebu steers (average initial bodyweight (BW) = 319 ± 16.2 kg; age = 19 ± 1 months) were used. Five steers were slaughtered to provide baseline empty BW (EBW) and empty body composition at Day 0. The remaining steers were randomly allotted to four groups of five steers, which were restricted to 85% ad libitum feed intake for either 0 (R0), 28 (R28), 42 (R42) or 84 (R84) days of an 84-day finishing period. All steers were fed a diet of 40% corn silage and 60% concentrate (DM basis) for 84 days. Total excretion of faeces and urine were collected during two periods: Days 25 to 27 (period 1) and Days 73 to 75 (period 2). The DM intake, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G : F) were evaluated in three blocks, Days 0 to 28, Days 28 to 42 and Days 42 to 84. As expected, DM, N and P intakes were greater (P < 0.05) for R0 steers than R28, R42 and R84 steers when steers in R28, R42 and R84 treatments were restricted. When transitioned to ad libitum feeding, R28 and R42 steers had similar (P > 0.05) DM, N and P intakes compared with R0 steers. Faecal N and urinary P excretions did not differ (P ≥ 0.40) among restricted and ad libitum -fed steers in either period evaluated. However, greater (P < 0.05) faecal P excretions were observed in steers fed ad libitum intake in period 2 (R0). Phosphorus retention in period 2, and whole-body N retention were greatest (P < 0.05) in steers fed R28 and least (P < 0.05) in steers fed R84, steers fed R0 and steers fed R42 were intermediate and not different (P > 0.05). Final BW, overall ADG, G : F and carcass characteristics were not affected (P ≥ 0.11) by treatments. Restricted-feeding Holstein × Zebu steers to 85% of ad libitum intake for 84 days in the feedlot reduced DM intake and P excretion, without impairing steer growth performance or carcass characteristics. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that the small sample size was one limitation of this present experiment. The environmental impact of beef production intensification is a growing concern in developing countries. Environmental impact declines with increased feed efficiency and productivity. Thus, restricted-feeding has the potential to improve the sustainability of beef production. Results indicate that using restricted-feeding (intake restricted to 85% of ad libitum dry matter intake) for the entire finishing phase in Brazilian feedlot systems reduced feed intake and phosphorus excretion, without impairing steer growth performance or carcass characteristics. Therefore, restricted-feeding may be a management tool available to reduce P pollution in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a new technique called modified endoscopic vacuum therapy (MEVT) for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal leaks, which are serious complications in esophagogastric surgery. The MEVT system is a homemade device made with a nasojejunal tube, gauze, and antimicrobial tape that allows tissue repair and enteral nutrition. The article presents a case series of four patients who underwent different surgeries and developed complications such as fistulas and mediastinitis. The MEVT approach was successful in all cases, allowing for tissue repair and closure of the defects. The article concludes that further studies are needed to fully evaluate the effectiveness of MEVT in clinical practice. [Extracted from the article]

Generalized ordinary differential equations (we write generalized ODEs), introduced by J. Kurzweil in 1957, are known to encompass several other types of equations as measure functional differential equations, for instance. In this paper, we obtain converse Lyapunov theorems for generalized ODEs and, in particular, for measure functional differential equations which, in turn, encompass impulsive functionals differential equations as well as functional dynamic equations on time scales. We also relate uniform stability to boundedness of solutions. As an application, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a system of non–homogeneous nonlinear generalized ODEs defined in a Banach space and for a system of non–homogeneous measure functional differential equations to be asymptotically controllable. We include an example which illustrates the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic spectroscopy of isolated furfural (2-furaldehyde) in the gas phase has been investigated using high-resolution photoabsorption spectroscopy in the 3.5-10.8 eV energy-range, with absolute cross section measurements derived. Electron energy loss spectra are also measured over a range of kinematical conditions. Those energy loss spectra are used to derive differential cross sections and in turn generalised oscillator strengths. These experiments are supported by ab initio calculations in order to assign the excited states of the neutral molecule. The good agreement between the theoretical results and the measurements allows us to provide the first quantitative assignment of the electronic state spectroscopy of furfural over an extended energy range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic state spectroscopy of carbonyl sulphide, COS, has been investigated using high resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy in the energy range of 4.0-10.8 eV. The spectrum reveals several new features not previously reported in the literature. Vibronic structure has been observed, notably in the low energy absorption dipole forbidden band assigned to the (4π←3π) (¹Δ←¹Σ+) transition, with a new weak transition assigned to (¹Σ-←¹Σ+) reported here for the first time. The absolute optical oscillator strengths are determined for ground state to ¹Σ+ and ¹π transitions. Based on our recent measurements of differential cross sections for the optically allowed (¹Σ+ and ¹π) transitions of COS by electron impact, the optical oscillator strength f0 value and integral cross sections (ICSs) are derived by applying a generalized oscillator strength analysis. Subsequently, ICSs predicted by the scaling are confirmed down to 60 eV in the intermediate energy region. The measured absolute photoabsorption cross sections have been used to calculate the photolysis lifetime of carbonyl sulphide in the upper stratosphere (20-50 km). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we study theoretically the structural, electronic and transport properties of oxidized stanene using a combination of density functional theory (DFT), quantum molecular dynamics and the Landauer–Büttiker theory for the ballistic transport. Our results clearly show that oxygen adsorb onto stanene surface in both molecular or atomic forms, thus causing considerable modifications to its electronic structure and transport properties. Nevertheless, our quantum conductance calculations reveal that, in spite of oxidation, stanene still remains a good conductor that might be applied as field effect transistors, gas sensors and other devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we study rapidly rotating stars by considering the Rastall theory of gravity. We obtain and solve the equations by numerical methods for two usual parametrization of polytropic stars. Then the mass–radius relations, moments of inertia and other results of interest are obtained and compared with the ones for non-rotating stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similarly to generalized ordinary differential equations that comprise various types of classical deterministic equations, generalized stochastic equations (GSEs) were created to contain equations involving stochastic processes. The main goal of this paper is to investigate several types of stability and boundedness for non-autonomous GSEs by means of Lyapunov functionals. We also established existence–uniqueness results for maximal and global forward solutions of GSEs and applied our result to the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, a variationally consistent novel Elishakoff beam theory considering long-range interactions has been developed, which succeeds in emulating the dynamic behaviour of CNTs with both (5,5) and (10,10) armchairs, something that has not been attained previously. This theory is based on the modification of the Timoshenko one, and is taken here for the first time as a basis for two finite element implementations, their equations of motion been written either as a coupled set of equations in terms of displacement and rotation (reducible formulation) or as a single equation in terms of displacement only (irreducible formulation). Both stability and accuracy analyses are performed, concluding that the irreducible form allows longer time steps, while providing appropriate accuracy throughout the whole wavenumber range. [Display omitted] • A novel variationally consistent Elishakoff beam theory has been here developed. • The dynamic behaviour of both (5,5) and (10,10) CNTs is successfully emulated. • Long-range forces are cleverly considered here by increasing the potential energy. • This theory underlies two finite element implementations (reducible and irreducible). • Stability and accuracy analyses reveal a superior performance of the irreducible form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A simple method for a fast calculation of all voltages and currents in a HVDC grid. • The method can be used to facilitate the determination of critical spots and of the terminals with higher impact on those spots. • Applicable for different types of converter control: constant voltage, constant current, constant power, single-slop droop and multi-slope droop. • Ability to optimise the droop characteristics of HVDC converters and maximise power transfer. The development of multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grids for an archipelago of islands with very different generation/load profiles and network characteristics presents unique challenges. This paper utilizes the superposition theorem to solve power flows in MTDC grids. Through the application of the theorem, it is possible to associate the current/power injection at each terminal to voltage variations in the entire MTDC grid in a simple manner. Afterwards, this information is used to compare the impact of droop characteristics, to show how voltage variations relate with the injections from the different terminals and to study the impact of grid expansion on the operational limits. Additionally, the method is used to implement a power-flow optimisation and to design a droop characteristic for an imaginary MTDC grid connecting Indonesian islands. A discussion on other potential applications of the method is also put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave reflectometry, having its origins in ionosphere probing techniques to evaluate electronic density, has become one of the most important diagnostics for the same quantity in fusion plasmas. Reflectometry will play a major role in next-generation machines, in particular in DEMO, where it is expected to provide plasma positioning, shaping, and tracking data. The ability to have an ever-increasing comprehensive description of reflectometry is particularly important since it allows us to assess the measuring capabilities of existing experimental systems and to predict the performance of new diagnostic concepts based on probing waves. Furthermore, wave propagation in a thermonuclear plasma with fluctuating electronic densities is far from straightforward and the need for a numerical full-wave treatment becomes fundamental. We will present the reader with the fundamentals of this technique and introduce the usage and evolution of FDTD in reflectometry, using as an example, the synthetic diagnostics setup that uses the family of REFMUL* codes, which is employed in the assessment of the performance of several reflectometry systems in different fusion machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoemulsions are nano-sized emulsified systems. They can be produced by different methods, which can be classified as low and high energy methods. The decrease in the size of formed globules allows them to penetrate different barriers such as the skin or the gastrointestinal barrier. Thus, the encapsulation of active compounds through nanoemulsions makes it possible to improve their bioavailability and to offer protection against environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, or UV radiation. In the same way, it is possible to formulate double nanoemulsions to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules in one single globule. Their formulation process requires a comprehensive analysis involving physical and thermodynamic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine sponges from the Plakinidae family are well known for hosting cytotoxic secondary metabolites and the Brazilian Atlantic coast and its oceanic islands have been considered as a hotspot for the discovery of new Plakinidae species. Herein, we report the chemical profile among cytotoxic extracts obtained from four species of Plakinidae, collected in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (PE, Northeastern Brazil). Crude organic extracts of Plakinastrella microspiculifera, Plakortis angulospiculatus, Plakortis insularis, and Plakortis petrupaulensis showed strong antiproliferative effects against two different cancer cell lines (HCT-116: 86.7–100%; MCF-7: 74.9–89.5%) at 50 μg/mL, by the MTT assay. However, at a lower concentration (5 μg/mL), high variability in inhibition of cell growth was observed (HCT-116: 17.3–68.7%; MCF-7: 0.00–55.5%), even within two samples of Plakortis insularis which were collected in the west and east sides of the Archipelago. To discriminate the chemical profile, the samples were investigated by UHPLC-HRMS under positive ionization mode. The produced data was uploaded to the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking and organized based on spectral similarities for purposes of comparison and annotation. Compounds such as dipeptides, nucleosides and derivatives, polyketides, and thiazine alkaloids were annotated and metabolomic differences were perceived among the species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first assessment for cytotoxic activity and chemical profiling for Plakinastrella microspiculifera, Plakortis insularis and Plakortis petrupaulensis, revealing other biotechnologically relevant members of the Plakinidae family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether the framework of fractional quantum mechanics can broaden our perspective of black hole thermodynamics. Concretely, we employ a space-fractional derivative (Riesz in Acta Math 81:1, 1949) as our main tool. Moreover, we restrict our analysis to the case of a Schwarzschild configuration. From a subsequently modified Wheeler–DeWitt equation, we retrieve the corresponding expressions for specific observables. Namely, the black hole mass spectrum, M, its temperature T, and entropy, S. We find that these bear consequential alterations conveyed through a fractional parameter, α . In particular, the standard results are recovered in the specific limit α = 2 . Furthermore, we elaborate how generalizations of the entropy-area relation suggested by Tsallis and Cirto (Eur Phys J C 73:2487, 2013) and Barrow (Phys Lett B 808:135643, 2020) acquire a complementary interpretation in terms of a fractional point of view. A thorough discussion of our results is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to obtain converse Lyapunov theorems for measure functional differential equations which are known to encompass dynamic equations on time scales, impulsive differential equations and functional differential equations (see [7,8]). Our main tool is to consider the framework of generalized ordinary differential equations, introduced by Jaroslav Kurzweil, and to manage all other equations in this setting which has the advantage to handle well both highly oscillating functions and functions with many discontinuities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel methodology for calculating a space-varying permeability in HTS bulks, ensuring the same magnetic energy stored in E-J models at each infinitesimal volume. This stationary model is applied for the electromagnetic force calculation in HTS bulks. For the design of HTS bulk machines, multi-objective optimization is necessary to have accurate results. However, due to the nonlinear nature of HTS bulks finite element, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations for optimization are heavily time consuming, even using 2D models, making this approach “infeasible.” The use of equivalent models that guarantee precise results with shorter computation times is then imperative. The method proposed is applied following two basic steps. First, the 3D finite element model is simulated without the bulk to obtain the spatial magnetic flux distribution in the volume where it should be. In the second step, the bulk is included, and the HTS magnetic flux density distribution is obtained using superconducting physics. From these, the HTS equivalent space-varying permeability is computed by the quotient of the two magnetic flux densities. With this, stationary and linear FEA simulations can now be easily performed for the computation of electromagnetic forces in design problems. The proposed method was validated using simulation and experimental tests based on YBCO/GdBCO permanent-magnet force interactions. These results show that, with a previous general study of the geometry to optimize, the equivalent model can be used for optimization purposes, greatly reducing the computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to estimate genetic parameters for the non-linear Gompertz growth curve parameters based on the two-step method and simulated data of a pig population. Data of true breeding values, growth curve parameters (a, b and k) and body weights at 1, 90, 210, 360 and 540 days of age were simulated for 1700 individuals. Afterwards, in the first stage of the two-step method, the Gompertz curves were fitted for each animal and the growth curve parameters were estimated. In the second step, considering the estimated parameters as phenotypes, animals' breeding values were predicted by multitrait analyses. The simulation and two-step processes were replicated 10 times. For each replicate, the genetic parameters, accuracies and biases were calculated. Moderate to high average heritabilities for the curve parameters [0.62 (0.04), 0.56 (0.04) and 0.57 (0.04) for a, b and k, respectively] show the possibility of effective selection of animals based on these parameters. High and favorable average genetic correlations, especially between the most important growth curve parameters [a and k, 0.93 (0.01)], shows that selection for increased mature weight (a) will also increase maturation rate (k). High average accuracies [0.84 (0.02), 0.82 (0.02) and 0.83 (0.02)] and low average biases [0.06 (0.06), 0.06 (0.06) and 0.07 (0.07) for a, b, and k, respectively] indicate that the two-step approach is feasible for predicting breeding values for growth curve parameters and for dealing with longitudinal body weight measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which proposed the concept of virtual biotic pollution flow as an indicator of the mutual dependence of countries on biodiversity-based ecosystem services and provided an onlien tool to visualize trade flow. It shows that countries with higher development level demand high levels of biodiversity-based services to sustain their consumption patterns. Also mentioned are pollination demand and cropland expansion and pollinator dependence rates.

Exchange bias properties of MnFe 2 O 4 @ γ –Fe 2 O 3 core–shell nanoparticles are investigated. The measured field and temperature dependencies of the magnetization point out a well-ordered ferrimagnetic core surrounded by a layer with spin glass-like arrangement. Quasi-static SQUID magnetization measurements are presented along with high-amplitude pulse ones and are cross-analyzed by comparison against ferromagnetic resonance experiments at 9 GHz. These measurements allow one to discern three types of magnetic anisotropies affecting the dynamics of the magnetic moment of the well-ordered ferrimagnetic NP's core viz. the easy-axis (uniaxial) anisotropy, the unidirectional exchange-bias anisotropy and the rotatable anisotropy. The uniaxial anisotropy originates from the structural core–shell interface. The unidirectional exchange-bias anisotropy is associated with the spin-coupling at the ferrimagnetic/spin glass-like interface; it is observable only at low temperatures after a field-cooling process. The rotatable anisotropy is caused by partially-pinned spins at the core/shell interface; it manifests itself as an intrinsic field always parallel to the external applied magnetic field. The whole set of experimental results is interpreted in the framework of superparamagnetic theory, i.e., essentially taking into account the effect of thermal fluctuations on the magnetic moment of the particle core. In particular, it is found that the rotatable anisotropy of our system is of a uniaxial type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant research advances on the seismic response analysis, there is still an urgent need for validation of numerical simulation methods for prediction of earthquake response and damage. In this respect, seismic monitoring networks and proper modelling can further support validation studies, allowing more realistic simulations of what earthquakes can produce. This paper discusses the seismic response of the "Pietro Capuzi" school in Visso, a village located in the Marche region (Italy) that was severely damaged by the 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence. The school was a two-story masonry structure founded on simple enlargements of its load-bearing walls, partially embedded in the alluvial loose soils of the Nera river. The structure was monitored as a strategic building by the Italian Seismic Observatory of Structures (OSS), which provided acceleration records under both ambient noise and the three mainshocks of the seismic sequence. The evolution of the damage pattern following each one of the three mainshocks was provided by on-site survey integrated by OSS data. Data on the dynamic soil properties was available from the seismic microzonation study of the Visso village and proved useful in the development of a reliable geotechnical model of the subsoil. The equivalent frame (EF) approach was adopted to simulate the nonlinear response of the school building through both fixed-base and compliant-base models, to assess the likely influence of soil–structure interaction on the building performance. The ambient noise records allowed for an accurate calibration of the soil–structure model. The seismic response of the masonry building to the whole sequence of the three mainshocks was then simulated by nonlinear time history analyses by using the horizontal accelerations recorded at the underground floor as input motions. Numerical results are validated against the evidence on structural response in terms of both incremental damage and global shear force–displacement relationships. The comparisons are satisfactory, corroborating the reliability of the compliant-base approach as applied to the EF model and its computational efficiency to simulate the soil–foundation–structure interaction in the case of masonry buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently in Brazil the minimum content of biodiesel in mixtures is 11% and, according to Brazilian laws, the goal is to reach 15% in volume in diesel fuel available for final consumers by 2023. Therefore, studies about different matrices of biodiesel and distinct mixtures are essential. The present work had two goals, the first one was to analyse physico-chemical properties of 16 biofuels produced from soybean and cotton oils, using S10 diesel, in mixtures B8, B10, B20 and B30. The second goal was to verify the vantages and disadvantages of biodiesel production through prior mixing of the oils, before and after the transesterification process. All biofuels produced presented results of specific mass values at 20 °C and kinematic viscosity at 40 °C within the limits established by ANP Resolution no 30/2016 and International Resolutions. The soybean B20 biofuel showed the best overall results, with the second highest production yield of 65.36%, the fifth lowest kinematic viscosity with 3.48 mm s-1. The mixture of soybean and cotton oils before the transesterification process presented the highest production yield when compared with the production from a single oil or biodiesel mixtures. The results found proved to be satisfactory and corroborate to continue with the increase of biodiesel in the mixture with diesel to B15 until 2023 and support the possibility of planning for a gradual increase of this mixture in the following years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the Paragonorte Settlement caused environmental degradation due to deforestation, in order to reverse this situation, it is necessary to adapt it to the Forest Code established by Law 12.651 / 2012. One of the instruments created by this law is the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), whose purpose is to integrate environmental information. In this context, geotechnologies allow the generation of cartographic products to support the elaboration of the CAR, such as the land use and occupation map. This work aimed to generate maps of land use, with the perspective of subsidizing environmental planning, in the Paragonorte Settlement Project in the municipality of Paragominas-PA. To prepare this map, digital processing techniques were applied to CBERS-4 satellite images and supervised classification. In validating the generated map, it was found that the Kappa index is 0.8990. The classes of use and occupation identified were: exposed soil, water, urban area, pasture, dirty pasture, regeneration, forest and secondary forest. Of the verified classes, the predominant ones are forest and secondary forest that together represent 49.64% of the coverage, while the land use classes that are quite representative are those destined to pastures, which correspond to 23.01% of the coverage. The information from the map generated in this work can be used in the preparation of the CAR and to support the implementation of public policies aimed at environmental planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-Ag2WO4 nanocrystals, mesoporous silica (SBA-15), and α-Ag2WO4/SBA-15 as a nanocomposite were prepared by sonochemical, hydrothermal, and in situ sonochemical methods respectively. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, micro-Raman, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption/desorption, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Zeta potential. XRD patterns, Rietveld refinement, and XPS spectra confirmed the formation of α-Ag2WO4, SBA-15, and α-Ag2WO4/SBA-15. XPS spectra evidenced the formation of metallic silver during analysis. FE-SEM images illustrated the deposition of α-Ag2WO4 nanocrystals mainly on the external surface of SBA-15. N2 adsorption data showed that the textural properties of α-Ag2WO4/SBA-15 were similar to pure SBA-15. Zeta potential data demonstrated that all samples synthetized have negatively charged surface. The materials were tested as adsorbents for the dye cationic rhodamine B. The adsorption behavior of rhodamine B onto α-Ag2WO4, SBA-15, and α-Ag2WO4/SBA-15 correspond to Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity of α-Ag2WO4/SBA-15 was up to 150 mg g−1 and 99% removal efficiency for RhB 20 mg L−1 in 15 min. Furthermore, 80% of RhB could be recuperated from adsorbents at pH 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic and transport properties of stacked metal/semiconductor and metal/metal heterojunctions of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are studied in this paper. MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2 are considered for the semiconducting material, while NbS2, NbSe2, CoS2, and CoSe2 are considered for the metallic contact. Our density functional theory-based calculations reveal a strongly spin-polarized conductance for the studied systems. Furthermore, our results predict that the band gap of the semiconducting TMDC shifts above the Fermi energy of the connected system, leading to a diode-like semiconductor/metal contact. Moreover, the quantum conductance calculations for these junctions, carried out within the Landauer–Büttiker formalism for ballistic transport, shows that even the metal/metal heterojunctions have a diode-like character near the Fermi level. This interesting behaviour is discussed in terms of the misalignment between electronic states on each of the materials comprising the junction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion of AA 7075-T6 aluminum alloy is a critical issue for many industries. In this study, aluminum coatings were deposited onto AA 7075-T6 by cold gas spray and the effect of the porous outer layer on different properties of the coating, including corrosion–resistance was investigated. As-prepared and polished samples were used to study the microstructure, morphology, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coating in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Cross-sectional analysis showed a dense structure, low porosity (0.8%) and thickness up to 300 µm (~ 100 µm for the porous outer layer and ~ 200 µm for the compact inner layer). The sliding wear test resulted in a volume loss of 3.2 × 10−4 mm3/Nm with an adhesive wear mechanism. The abrasive wear test showed a wear rate of 1.1 × 10−4 mm3/Nm for the as-prepared coating and 0.8 × 10−4 mm3/Nm for the polished coating. The as-prepared coating pores and interparticle spacing in the outer layer were mostly responsible for the increase in wear rate. For the polished coating immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution during 900 h, the electrolyte reached some specific points of the substrate as revealed by the cross-sectional analysis. Inspection of the as-prepared coating demonstrated that the coating/substrate interface was completely damaged after long immersion times (~ 900 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this research were to obtain blue shark liver oil using supercritical CO2 and to characterize the physicochemical parameters of the oil, and the contents of squalene and vitamin A. Supercritical extractions were performed at 50 and 60 °C and pressures from 100 to 300 bar. The oil yield obtained was up to 60% and presented a profile equivalent to that of refined oils for density (0.920 - 0.922 g/mL); viscosity (52.55 - 56.47 Pas.s); refractive index (1.4760 - 1.4785); acid value (1.13 - 2.22% oleic acid); peroxides (10.47 - 24.04 meq of active O2/kg of oil); saponification value (171.37 - 556.03 mg KOH/g oil), and iodine value (120.05 - 149.21g I2/100g oil). The fatty acid profile indicated a majority of unsaturated fatty acids. High levels of squalene and vitamin A corroborate the high nutritional quality of this oil from an underexploited byproduct with great processing potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]