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In this paper, the extended simplest equation method is utilized to construct the novel exact optical solitons solutions of the perturbed time fractional Chen–Lee–Liu equation with conformable fractional derivative. The acquired optical solitons and other solutions are expressed via the rational functions, the trigonometric functions, and the hyperbolic functions; in addition to guaranteeing the existence of the acquired results, the constrain conditions are provided. Furthermore, to elucidate the magnitude of the proposed equation, various obtained solutions are plotted via two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) graphs using appropriate values of parameters. It is observed that the present technique is a powerful tool and efficient for finding the analytical solution for nonlinear differential equations of integer and fractional orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of outcome of intramedullary nailing in femoral shaft fractures in children. Study Design: Case series study. Setting: Department of Orthopedics, ATH, Abbotabad. Period: 27th February 2020 to 26th August 2020. Methods: We included 85 patients with femoral shaft fractures, and age 5 to 10 years of both genders, meeting the criteria and consent was taken. Each patient was followed fortnightly for assessment 2 of outcome (excellent/satisfactory/poor) after 3months post-operative. Results: In our study age ranges from 5 to 10 years with mean age of 7.14 ± 0.90 years. Majority of the patients 60 (70.59%) were between 5 to 7 years of age. We had 64 (75.29%) males and 21 (24.71%) were females. Mean weight was 24.35 ± 4.66 kg. Mean duration of symptoms was 6.48 ± 2.45 days. In this study, the excellent outcome was seen in 70 (82.35%) patients, satisfactory in 10 (11.77%) and poor outcome in 05 (5.88%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that intramedullary nail is simple, effective, minimally invasive procedure for treating femoral shaft fractures in children with excellent outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) among patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Methods: Five databases were screened until December 18, 2022. The included RCTs were assessed for risk of bias, and the endpoints were summarized as mean difference/standardized mean difference (MD/SMD) or risk ratio (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects model. Results: Seven RCTs with 510 patients (TXA = 261 and control/placebo = 249) were analyzed. The overall risk of bias was "low" and "unclear" in four and three RCTs, respectively. The mean operative time (n = 5 RCTs, MD = −9.64 min, 95% CI [−15.74, −3.54], p = 0.002) and mean postoperative pain score on postoperative day 1 (n = 5 RCTs, MD = −0.56, 95% CI [−1.06, −0.05], p = 0.03) were significantly reduced in the TXA group compared with the control group. However, there were no significant differences between both groups regarding visual clarity, amount of irrigation solution, and estimated intraoperative blood loss. Conclusion: Among patients undergoing ARCR, preoperative TXA did not reduce intraoperative blood loss or improve visual clarity. However, TXA administration correlated with significant reductions (statistically) in operative time and postoperative day 1 pain score compared with the control group. Level of evidence: Level I; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Larsemann Hills sector of East Antarctica preserves complexly deformed Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic-aged composite gneisses (Sostrene orthogneiss) and interleaved sequence of metasedimentary rocks (Brattstrand paragneiss). The Easther Island porphyroblastic gneiss, a unit of erstwhile ‘Brattstrand paragneiss’, is investigated in this work. Easther Island porphyroblastic gneiss comprises garnet + biotite + quartz + plagioclase + K-feldspar + ilmenite + sillimanite and preserves thick plagioclase corona over coarse-grained garnet. Conventional thermometry and phase equilibria modelling indicate temperatures of 830°C defining peak attained during metamorphism followed by decompression at ~4 kbar pressure. Zircon U–Pb isotopic data yield Concordia ages of 725 ± 43 and 566 ± 15 Ma, respectively. Whereas chemical geochronological data of in-situ monazites provide a unimodal CHIME age of 510 ± 27 Ma with no early Neoproterozoic signature. The new data is discussed in light of the much-debated relict Upper Tonian to Lower Cryogenian (800–700 Ma) event registered by the Larsemann Hills sector, followed by an early Paleozoic orogenic event related to the final amalgamation of Gondwana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study describes the pharmacokinetic (PK)/target engagement (TE) relationship of tozorakimab, an anti‐interleukin (IL)‐33 antibody, by building a mechanistic population PK/TE model using phase 1 biomarker data. Methods: The analysis included tozorakimab PK and TE in serum assessed in 60 tozorakimab‐treated participants, including healthy adults and patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Scenarios evaluated three dose frequencies (once every 2, 4 or 6 weeks) administered subcutaneously at seven doses of tozorakimab (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 300 or 600 mg). For each dose, simulations were performed with 5000 virtual individuals to predict systemic TE. Inhibition of IL‐33/soluble ST2 (sST2) complex levels at trough PK at steady state was assessed in each dosing scenario. The PK/TE modelling analyses were performed using a nonlinear mixed‐effect modelling approach. Results: The final two‐compartment PK model with tozorakimab binding IL‐33 in the central compartment adequately described the systemic PK and TE of tozorakimab at population and individual levels. The mean PK parameter estimates of absorption rate, central volume of distribution and clearance were 0.48 (90% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.59, 1/day), 12.64 (90% CI: 8.60–18.62, L) and 0.87 (90% CI: 0.65–1.16, L/day), respectively. Consistent with the observed value, tozorakimab bioavailability was 45%. For all three dose frequencies, predicted inhibition of systemic IL‐33/sST2 levels was more than 95% at doses greater than 90 mg. Conclusions: The PK/TE model reliably quantified the relationship between PK and systemic TE of tozorakimab, with potential utility for predicting clinical dose–response relationships and supporting clinical dose selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flux observer method is widely utilized as a sensorless control technique in which the stator or rotor flux of IPMSM can be measured with a closed-loop observer or an integrator. However, DC-offset (DCoff), the ramp signal, and harmonics are consistently present in the acquired rotor flux because of an unidentified starting value, errors in the integral computation's current detection, and the inverter's nonlinearity. The aforementioned interference signals will drastically reduce the sensorless control efficacy. This work introduces an enhanced flux estimator with a negative feedback loop and PI controller to overcome the DC drift problem resulting from a pure integrator and a low-pass filter. Moreover, an optimal design approach of flux estimator structures with a broad range of speeds for Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives is proposed, which utilizes an integrated topology of the voltage and current models incorporating a DC-offset PI-correction loop, actual and estimated flux magnitude's correction error. The flux vector's initial inaccuracy is eliminated, together with the DCoff and drift in the acquisition channel. A phase-locked-loop state estimator is utilized to derive the speed and position from the actual and estimated flux. The effectiveness and superiority of the suggested approach were proven by simulation and experimental findings for the IPMSM drives, which displayed high dynamic performances over varying scenarios. This reliable approach, including sensorless control, is suitable for all AC motors with sinusoidal flux distributions over a wide speed range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the cubic–quintic–septimal nonlinear Schrödinger equation with conformable derivative utilizing the new Kudryashov approach. Through this algorithm, several exact solutions are constructed within the present nonlinear conformable Schrödinger model such as bell-shaped, singular, bright, dark, mixed dark–bright, and wave soliton solutions. The physical behavior of these solutions is depicted via contour, three-dimensional, and two-dimensional representations. Moreover, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of analyzing the cubic–quintic–septimal nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation, which finds utility across a spectrum of fields including optics, quantum mechanics, and the study of nonlinear wave propagation. Besides, the approach holds promise for investigating diverse sets of differential equations within multiple domains of applied sciences. The governing nonlinear conformable Schrödinger equation also has numerous applications in nonlinear optics, such as describing the propagation of laser beams through materials with nonlinear optical properties. The inclusion of these nonlinearities illustrates the interaction and behavior of light beams in weakly non-local media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a highly efficient and noble-metal-free cocatalyst, which is being pursued to create hydrogen (H 2) via photocatalysis, has been the subject of many studies. In this work, a unique ultrasonication-assisted laser beam irradiation process is employed to synthesize a new carbon material generated from pineapple peel biowaste (ppC) and mix it with oxygen-deficient black zinc oxide (b-ZnO vac) nanoparticles. In the ppC x @b-ZnO vac nanostructures, the XPS analysis verified the presence of surface oxygen (O 2) defects and vacancies as well as chemical interactions between carbon and zinc via carbon-zinc (C–Zn) and carbon-oxygen-zinc (C–O–Zn) connection interfaces. Following optimization, the visible light active photocatalytic H 2 production rate of the ppC 10 @b-ZnO vac nanostructures reached 215.92 μmol h−1 g−1, which was the highest. The positive synergistic interaction between b-ZnO vac and ppC is responsible for the significant increase in the rate of H 2 generation. Furthermore, the significant chemical bond between ppC and b-ZnO vac via the C–Zn/C–O–Zn interface, as well as the development of surface O 2 vacancy defects in b-ZnO vac , improve the efficient transfer of energetic electrons and make visible active photocatalytic H 2 production from methanol in the ppC x @b-ZnO vac nanostructures easier. Our work presents a new strategy for chemically generating affordable carbon materials through the use of metal oxide-based photocatalysts with surface O 2 vacancy defects and bio-waste. Applications such as water splitting, energy production, and environmental remediation show promise for these advanced materials for large-scale field applications. [Display omitted] • ppC x @b-ZnO vac were prepared by ultrasonication-assisted laser beam irradiation. • ppC 10 @b-ZnO vac exhibit the highest H 2 production at 215.92 μmol h−1 g−1. • Synergistic effect and surface O 2 vacancies defect enhances H 2 production. • Effective electron transfer between ppC and b-ZnO vac via C–Zn@C–O–Zn interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals are toxic, non-biodegradable pollutants that pose serious risks to human health and the environment, even at trace concentrations. The contamination of drinking water and groundwater by heavy metals requires urgent attention. Nanotechnology has advanced significantly over the past decade, offering innovative solutions for water purification, particularly through the adsorption of heavy metal ions using nanomaterials. This study focuses on the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, their adsorption capacity, and the desorption process. Additionally, the effects of key experimental parameters – such as contact time, ion concentration, pH, temperature, ionic strength, and adsorbent dose – on the removal efficiency of metal ions are examined. The findings underscore the potential of magnetic nanoparticles for effective heavy metal remediation in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen storage capabilities of the metal–organic framework (MOF) CALF-20 are examined experimentally with both cryogenic and near-ambient temperatures. This framework has a pore size that is nearly ideal for cryogenic hydrogen storage. Density functional theory (DFT) studies provide insights into the hydrogen binding sites within CALF-20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1. Food packaging waste is one of the main contributors to global environmental changes. • 2. Quality of recycled packaging materials is a threat to circular economy. • 3. Recycling method selection depends on the composition and nature of recyclate. • 4. Quality of recycled materials can be evaluated by using analytical methods. • 5. Migration analysis should be done to evaluate recycled material safety. Food packaging waste significantly impacts global environmental changes, prompting the adoption of a green circular economy approach. Recycling packaging waste is a critical element of this strategy. However, it faces challenges related to the quality of recycled materials and concerns about their safety. Thus, this review aimed to highlight different analytical methods alone or in combination to evaluate the quality of the recycled material. Furthermore, the safety and health aspects related to the migration of contaminants and their relevant regulations have also been discussed. An important parameter while selecting an appropriate recycling method is the composition and nature of the recyclate, for instance, HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), and PP (Polypropylene) materials can be recycled using mechanical and chemical recycling, however, PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and PS (Polystyrene) present challenges during mechanical recycling due to lower molecular weight and complex compositions, thus are often downcycled into lower-grade products. Still, recycled papers can be more problematic than recycled plastics due to the nature of the materials and the impact of recycling. The literature review suggested that three quality properties i.e., presence of low molecular weight compounds, degree of degradation, and composition should be analyzed by using different spectroscopic, thermo-mechanical, and chromatographic techniques to obtain a detailed understanding of recycled material quality. Furthermore, recycling should be done in such a way that the migration of contaminants should be lower than the migratory limits set by the relevant authorities to avoid any toxicological effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) are promising materials for electronic devices due to their variable bandgap and structural stability. Here, we integrate N-CQDs into In2O3 synaptic transistors with electrolyte gating, resulting in a hybrid structure. The surface functional groups and defects of N-CQDs empower the charge trapping mechanism, permitting controlled conduction and charge regulation, which are crucial for emulating linear and symmetric artificial synaptic devices. Devices incorporating N-CQDs demonstrate enhanced stability and memory characteristics, low energy consumption, consistent retention, and a significant hysteresis window across multiple voltage cycles. Finally, the study emulates biological synapses and cognitive functions, achieving an energy consumption of 10 fJ per synaptic event and a pattern recognition accuracy of 91.2% on the MNIST dataset in hardware neural networks. This work demonstrates the potential of well-manipulating charge trapping in N-CQDs to develop high-performance, nonvolatile synaptic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Discussion Conclusions The COVID‐19 pandemic accelerated the shift to remote learning, heightening scrutiny of open‐book examinations (OBEs) versus closed‐book examinations (CBEs) within science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEM) education. This study evaluates the efficacy of OBEs compared to CBEs on student performance and perceptions within STEM subjects, considering the emerging influence of sophisticated large language models (LLMs) such as GPT‐3.Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review analysed peer‐reviewed articles published from 2013, focusing on the impact of OBEs and CBEs on university STEM students. Standardised mean differences were assessed using a random effects model, with heterogeneity evaluated by I2 statistics, Cochrane's Q test and Tau statistics.Analysis of eight studies revealed mixed outcomes. Meta‐analysis showed that OBEs generally resulted in better scores than CBEs, despite significant heterogeneity (I2 = 97%). Observational studies displayed more pronounced effects, with noted concerns over technical difficulties and instances of cheating.Results suggest that OBEs assess competencies more aligned with current educational paradigms than CBEs. However, the emergence of LLMs poses new challenges to OBE validity by simplifying the generation of comprehensive answers, impacting academic integrity and examination fairness.While OBEs are better suited to contemporary educational needs, the influence of LLMs on their effectiveness necessitates further study. Institutions should prudently consider the competencies assessed by OBEs, particularly in light of evolving technological landscapes. Future research should explore the integrity of OBEs in the presence of LLMs to ensure fair and effective student evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely performed surgical procedure aimed at alleviating pain and restoring functionality in individuals suffering from knee osteoarthritis. Despite substantial benefits of TKA, patients are exposed to potential risks, including the occurrence of falls during their recovery period following discharge from the hospital. OBJECTIVE: This integrative review endeavors to comprehensively investigate the existing body of literature to identify and assess the diverse factors that contribute to occurrence of post-discharge falls among TKA patients. Through the synthesis of available research, this study seeks to offer valuable insights that can guide clinical practices and interventions designed to mitigate the incidence of post-TKA falls, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of healthcare. METHODS: An integrative review was conducted and databases were searched including Pubmed, PEDro, Cochrane, and SPORTDiscus from 2000 to 2024. A thorough search was performed to retrieve articles missed through databases as well as unpublished grey literature. Methodological quality assessment was performed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Case Control and Cohort studies and AXIS tool for cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Eleven articles finally met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review based on eligibility. There were 8 cohort studies (7 prospective cohorts, 1 retrospective cohort), 2 case control studies, and 1 cross-sectional study. The prospective cohort studies included in the review collected data in real-time as events occurred, making them particularly relevant for studying post-TKA falls. CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent TKA are at risk of post-discharge falls. Several key risk factors have been identified, including advancing age, female gender, reduced proprioception, psychiatric disorders, living alone, and knee pain in the operated knee. It is important to recognize that the significance of these risk factors can vary depending on individual circumstances and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Inflammation and analgesia are two prominent symptoms and often lead to chronic medical conditions. To control inflammation and analgesia, many marketed drugs are in practice but the majority of them have severe side effects. Methods: This study involved the synthesis of a pivalate-based Michael product and evaluated it for in vitro COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX inhibitory potentials using specific assays. Molecular docking studies were also assessed. Based on the in vitro results, the compound was also subjected to in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive studies. Results: The pivalate-based Michael product (MAK01) was synthesized by an organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of ethyl isobutyrate to N-phenylmaleimide with an isolated yield of 96%. The structure of the compound was confirmed through 1H and 13C NMR analyses. The observed IC50 values for COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX were 314, 130, and 105 μg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking studies on the synthesized compound showed binding interactions with the minimized pockets of the respective enzymes. In a carrageenan model, a percent reduction in edema when administered at 10 mg/kg (a reduction of 33.3 ± 0.77% at the second hour), 20 mg/kg (a reduction of 34.7 ± 0.74% at the second hour), and 30 mg/kg (a reduction of 40.58% ± 0.84% after the fifth hour) was observed. The compound showed a significant response at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg with latency times of 10.32 ± 0.82, 12.16 ± 0.51, and 12.93 ± 0.45 s, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we synthesized a pivalate-based Michael product for the first time. Moreover, based on its rationality and potency, it was found to be an effective future medicine for the management of analgesia and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper investigates the vibration compaction mechanism and evaluates the impact of vibration frequencies on the stability of coarse-grained soil, aiming to optimize the subgrade filling process. Design/methodology/approach: This study examines the vibratory compaction behavior of coarse-grained soils through indoor vibration tests and discrete element simulations. Focusing on angular gravel (breccias) of varying sizes, the simulations were calibrated using parameters such as Young's modulus, restitution and friction coefficients. The analysis highlights how particle shape influences compaction, revealing mesoscopic mechanisms that drive macroscopic compaction outcomes. Findings: This study investigates the influence of vibration frequency on the compaction behavior of coarse-grained soils using discrete element simulation. By analyzing particle contact and motion, the mesoscopic mechanisms driving compaction are explored. The study establishes a positive linear correlation between contact force anisotropy (Cv) and deformation, demonstrating that higher anisotropy leads to greater structural disruption. Additionally, the increase in sliding contact percentage (SCP) at higher frequencies indicates instability in the skeletal structure, driven by uneven contact force distribution. These findings reveal how frequency-induced stress concentration affects the stability and deformation of the soil skeleton. Originality/value: This research explores the effect of various vibration frequencies on the compaction behavior of coarse-grained soils, examining microscopic interactions to reveal their impact on soil stability and deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal performance of direct current (DC) motors is intrinsically linked to their mathematical models' precision and their controllers' effectiveness. However, the limited availability of motor characteristic information poses significant challenges to achieving accurate modeling and robust control. This study introduces an approach employing artificial neural networks (ANNs) to estimate critical DC motor parameters by defining practical constraints that simplify the estimation process. A mathematical model was introduced for optimal parameter estimation, and two advanced learning algorithms were proposed to efficiently train the ANN. The performance of the algorithms was thoroughly analyzed using metrics such as the mean squared error, epoch count, and execution time to ensure the reliability of dynamic priority arbitration and data integrity. Dynamic priority arbitration involves automatically assigning tasks in real-time depending on their relevance for smooth operations, whereas data integrity ensures that information remains accurate, consistent, and reliable throughout the entire process. The ANN-based estimator successfully predicts electromechanical and electrical characteristics, such as back-EMF, moment of inertia, viscous friction coefficient, armature inductance, and armature resistance. Compared to conventional methods, which are often resource-intensive and time-consuming, the proposed solution offers superior accuracy, significantly reduced estimation time, and lower computational costs. The simulation results validated the effectiveness of the proposed ANN under diverse real-world operating conditions, making it a powerful tool for enhancing DC motor performance with practical applications in industrial automation and control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have witnessed an exponential increase in the research on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based colorimetric sensors to revolutionize point-of-use sensing devices. Hence, this review is compiled focused on current progress in the design and performance parameters of AuNPs-based sensors. The review begins with the characteristics of AuNPs, followed by a brief explanation of synthesis and functionalization methods. Then, the mechanisms of AuNPs-based sensors are comprehensively explained in two broad categories based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristics of AuNPs and their peroxidase-like catalytic properties (nanozyme). SPR-based colorimetric sensors further categorize into aggregation, anti-aggregation, etching, growth-mediated, and accumulation-based methods depending on their sensing mechanisms. On the other hand, peroxidase activity-based colorimetric sensors are divided into two methods based on the expression or inhibition of peroxidase-like activity. Next, the analytes in environmental and food samples are classified as inorganic, organic, and biological pollutants, and recent progress in detection of these analytes are reviewed in detail. Finally, conclusions are provided, and future directions are highlighted. Improving the sensitivity, reproducibility, multiplexing capabilities, and cost-effectiveness for colorimetric detection of various analytes in environment and food matrices will have significant impact on fast testing of hazardous substances, hence reducing the pollution load in environment as well as rendering food contamination to ensure food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports on the linguistic and sociocultural affordances available to multilinguals through their engagement in a social learning space at a Community of Practices (CoPs). Despite the existence of studies on CoP in language learning contexts, however, little work has been conducted on the affordances of a multilingual learning community, especially foreign languages. To fill this empirical gap, we investigated the affordances which give rise to multiple language learning opportunities in a multilingual practice community (MPC) in Indonesia. To this end, we carried out ethnographic research guided by Wenger's (1998) CoP theory, from which data were collected through observations and interviews. In doing observation, the first author's role was as a participant-observer. Applying a semi-structured interview, participants involved were MPC members as well as a member of a board in this community. Interview data are analysed through a thematic analysis, which is informed by CoPs perspectives. Eight themes emerged in the findings: empowering social media, innovative language engagement activities, learning support, personal freedom of learning, intercultural sharing, sharing online learning platforms, language learning for free, and social networking. The implications suggest that language enthusiasts can adapt to the way multilinguals learn foreign languages from this community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the boundedness, persistence, and global stability of the equilibrium point and rate of convergence of positive solutions of the exponential form of a system of difference equations xn+1=α1+e−γ1xn+δ1ynβ1+γ1xn+δ1ynyn+1=α2+e−γ2yn+δ2znβ2+γ2yn+δ2znzn+1=α3+e−γ3zn+δ3xnβ3+γ3zn+δ3xn,$$ \left.\begin{array}{ll}{x}_{n+1}& =\frac{\alpha_1+{e}^{-\left({\gamma}_1{x}_n+{\delta}_1{y}_n\right)}}{\beta_1+{\gamma}_1{x}_n+{\delta}_1{y}_n}\\ {}{y}_{n+1}& =\frac{\alpha_2+{e}^{-\left({\gamma}_2{y}_n+{\delta}_2{z}_n\right)}}{\beta_2+{\gamma}_2{y}_n+{\delta}_2{z}_n}\\ {}{z}_{n+1}& =\frac{\alpha_3+{e}^{-\left({\gamma}_3{z}_n+{\delta}_3{x}_n\right)}}{\beta_3+{\gamma}_3{z}_n+{\delta}_3{x}_n},\end{array}\right\} $$ where α1,α2,α3,β1,β2,β3,γ1,γ2,γ3,δ1,δ2,δ3$$ {\alpha}_1,{\alpha}_2,{\alpha}_3,{\beta}_1,{\beta}_2,{\beta}_3,{\gamma}_1,{\gamma}_2,{\gamma}_3,{\delta}_1,{\delta}_2,{\delta}_3 $$ are constants and x0,y0,z0$$ {x}_0,{y}_0,{z}_0 $$ are initial values. Furthermore, some numerical examples are also given, which support our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For modeling of complex systems, in signal processing, and the explorations of nonlinear dynamics and memory effects, the utilization of noninteger-order dynamics provides adaptable control over oscillation patterns and frequencies. Moreover, various waveforms result in unique sonic qualities. By manipulation of these waveforms, musicians and sound designers have the capacity to craft a wide spectrum of auditory experiences, ranging from basic tones to intricate sound scape. This paper is about study of such vibrating systems using the noninteger-order derivative operator approach. In particular, we will discuss fractional relaxation oscillator and Scott-Blair oscillator employing constant proportional Caputo fractional derivative operator. Laplace transform method and Tzou’s numerical inversion algorithm are utilized to solve these vibrating models with respective initial conditions. A thorough graphical analysis is done to discuss the control of noninteger-order parameters and the parameters involved in the definition of fractional derivative operator. Finally, useful conclusions are recorded to highlight the behavior of oscillators and influence of noninteger-order parameters, the parameters involved in the definition of fractional derivative operator and system parameters that are helpful in controlling over oscillation pattern, frequencies and shape of vibrations produced by the vibrating systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is evident that skew polynomials offer promising directions for developing cryptographic schemes. This paper focuses on exploring skew polynomials and studying their properties with the aim of exploring their potential applications in fields such as cryptography and combinatorics. We begin by deriving the concept of resultants for bivariate skew polynomials. Then, we employ the derived resultant to incrementally eliminate indeterminates in skew polynomial systems, utilising both direct and modular approaches. Finally, we discuss some applications of the derived resultant, including cryptographic schemes (such as Diffie–Hellman) and combinatorial identities (such as Pascal's identity). We start by considering a bivariate skew polynomial system with two indeterminates; our intention is to isolate and eliminate one of the indeterminates to reduce the system to a simpler form (that is, relying only on one indeterminate in this case). The methodology is composed of two main techniques; in the first technique, we apply our definition of a (bivariate) resultant via a Sylvester-style matrix directly from the polynomials' coefficients, while the second is based on modular methods where we compute the resultant by using evaluation and interpolation approaches. The idea of this second technique is that instead of computing the resultant directly from the coefficients, we propose to evaluate the polynomials at a set of valid points to compute its corresponding set of partial resultants first; then, we can deduce the original resultant by combining all these partial resultants using an interpolation technique by utilising a theorem we have established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study intends to examine the sustainability of different fluoridetreatment systems through a business model approach in a developing country to achieve financial and operational viability. Methods: We used business-model-logic to evaluate different fluoride reduction technologies to assess the financial viability of safe water supply services. We examined the investment cost involved in the de-fluoridation of water, the annual revenue generation, and the net-benefits of these different defluoridation technologies through business model logic. Data collection was done through field surveys and discussions with relevant stakeholders. Results: The analysis identifies the financial viability of providing safe water services using different technologies and found that the EDF and CAB based fluoride removal techniques are better regarding cost savings and profitability. Additionally, the study highlights the potential to reduce medical expenses and productivity losses by ensuring access to fluoride-safe water, estimating yearly cost savings of $78 per person. Conclusions: The study confirms that the business model is an effective tool for the evaluation of different technologies promoting safe drinking water solutions in a developing country like Pakistan [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) has revolutionized healthcare delivery, offering potential benefits for enhancing the quality and safety of pediatric nursing care. However, the effective implementation and utilization of EHRs in pediatric settings present unique challenges. Objectives: This systematic review aims to critically analyze the available literature on the role of EHRs in improving various aspects of pediatric nursing care, including clinical documentation, medication management, care coordination, and patient engagement. Methods: A comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library) was conducted to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and March 2023. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and qualitative research investigating the impact of EHRs on pediatric nursing care outcomes. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Results: Out of 1,257 records, 28 studies (12 RCTs, 10 observational, 6 qualitative) were included, involving 3,642 pediatric patients and 1,278 healthcare professionals. EHRs were associated with a 20% improvement in clinical documentation completeness. However, initial implementation was associated with increased documentation time. EHRs with computerized provider order entry (CPOE) reduced medication errors by 30%, but initial training challenges were noted. Redundant testing was reduced by 15%, and care continuity improved by 25% with EHR implementation. Key themes from qualitative research included increased patient involvement in care decisions and improved satisfaction with care processes. Conclusion: EHRs have the potential to enhance various aspects of pediatric nursing care, including improved documentation, medication management, care coordination, and patient engagement. Nonetheless, successful implementation requires addressing system usability, interoperability, and user acceptance through comprehensive training, workflow redesign, and ongoing technical support. Systematic review registration : This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024563092). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Oman, ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most common type of cardiovascular disease, and there are multifactorial causes, including nutritional deficiencies of B vitamins (folate and B12) and health illiteracy. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the health literacy, nutrition literacy, and B-vitamin (folate and B12) status of patients with recurrent episodes of IHD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 5 months from February to June 2022. The enrolled study participants had an angiographically proven recurrence of IHD, and they were interviewed using a study questionnaire to identify their sociodemographic data, health status, and nutrition status. Folate and B12 were measured in the sera of the study participants. Results: Most participants were in their middle age (62%), and the frequency of the IHD recurrence was noticed among men, married, and unemployed. The serum values of folate and vitamin B12 were within the normal range among the IHD patients. Health literacy categories were affected by the employment status (χ21 = 6.05, P = 0.01), and the binary logistic regression confirmed the statistical significance between employment status and health literacy (odds ratio; 1.7, P = 0.005). Nutrition literacy had a significant difference regarding the education variable (χ21 = 8.34, P = 0.004), and the sociodemographic variables were not associated with nutrition literacy. Conclusion: The investigated health and nutrition literacy measures might be used for assessing IHD patients' literacy and detecting any deficits that needed to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate offline retailers' cryptocurrency adoption through the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT/2), technology acceptance model (TAM) and other related variables. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed-method (QUANT-Qual) was employed. The study employed a quantitative approach (partial least squares-structural equation modeling) for Study 1 and a qualitative focus group discussion for Study 2. The qualitative segment enhances the comprehension and interpretation of outcomes derived from the quantitative analysis. Findings: Study 1 identified six crucial factors in cryptocurrency adoption: trust, personal innovation, hedonic motivation, social influence, safety and a positive attitude. Perceived ease of use, price value and satisfaction were non-significant. Study 2 elaborates on the findings, and highlights the reasons for the insignificant factors. Research limitations/implications: This research contributes to theoretical knowledge by empirically testing established technology acceptance theories like UTAUT/2 and TAM in the context of retail cryptocurrency adoption. It introduces previously unexplored factors, such as personal innovativeness, hedonic motivation and safety/reliability, enriching the theoretical landscape. Practical implications: This study provides practical insights for cryptocurrency stakeholders, including government, regulators, consumers, businesses and the financial sector, regarding retailers' intentions to adopt cryptocurrencies in North Cyprus. Social implications: This study can enhance understanding of factors facilitating cryptocurrency integration into mainstream retail, potentially reshaping traditional finance. Economically, adoption can boost financial inclusion, offering efficient transaction methods. This transition may disrupt existing economic models, drive payment technology innovation and change consumer behavior toward digital assets. Originality/value: This study stands out by using a mixed-method approach to comprehensively examine cryptocurrency adoption by offline retailers, considering various factors and providing a holistic perspective, unlike previous research that often focused on specific user groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-healing systems have become essential in modern computing for ensuring continuous and secure operations while minimising downtime and maintenance costs. These systems autonomously detect, diagnose, and correct anomalies, with effective self-healing relying on accurate interpretation of system logs generated by operating systems (OSs). Manual analysis of these logs in complex environments is often cumbersome, time-consuming, and error-prone, highlighting the need for automated, reliable log analysis methods. Our research introduces an intelligent methodology for creating self-healing systems for multiple OSs, focusing on log classification using CountVectorizer and the Multinomial Naive Bayes algorithm. This approach involves preprocessing OS logs to ensure quality, converting them into a numerical format with CountVectorizer, and then classifying them using the Naive Bayes algorithm. The system classifies multiple OS logs into distinct categories, identifying errors and warnings. We tested our model on logs from four major OSs; Mac, Android, Linux, and Windows; sourced from Zenodo to simulate real-world scenarios. The model's accuracy, precision, and reliability were evaluated, demonstrating its potential for deployment in practical self-healing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on the identification of the novel species Leucoagaricus persicus from Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The species is characterized by convex to broadly convex pileus with a dark reddish‐brown umbo and orangish‐red fibrils on white context. The basidiospores are ellipsoid to elongate, amygdaliform to ovoid (10.2–12.0 × 6.6–7.5 µm), and there are variably shaped cheilocystidia and pileipellis hyphae without clamp connections forming an intricate trichoderm. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic data based on ITS and LSU region of nrDNA separate L. persicus from all other known species in Leucoagaricus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In theory, misalignment of education and career aspirations in high school is a crucial determinant of post-school education and career mismatch. However, existing scholarship investigates the social influence and rational choice determinants of misalignment and mismatch separately. This study examines how misalignment at 15 years of age correlates with career mismatch in young adulthood (25 years). Using data from Y09 cohort in the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY), it analyses the education and career aspirations of 7,871 15-year-olds and the education and career outcomes of 2,697 of the same cohort after ten years. Consistent with both social class influences and rational choice factors, the results show that young people who were female, misaligned at school, in vocational pathways, were in relatively poor health and wealth when growing up and had a father with lower levels of education were more likely to be mismatched. Notably, misalignment of career and educational aspirations at age 15 was the strongest indicator of employment outcomes in early adulthood at age 25. The findings urge a rethinking of national and state investment in careers education, especially in addressing disadvantages faced by equity groups and within occupations served by vocational education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria has been increasingly subjected to anthropogenic disturbances, which pose significant threats to its ecological health and water quality. This study examined the spatiotemporal variations in phytoplankton diversity, community structure, and abundance in response to changing environmental conditions from February to September 2020. Key physicochemical parameters, including water transparency, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, chlorophyll a, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), silicate, and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄+–N), were measured. The phytoplankton community was dominated by eight phyla, with Cyanobacteria (50%), Chlorophyta (28.05%), and Bacillariophyta (14.63%) being the most prevalent. The most common cyanobacteria species identified were Microcystis aeruginosa and Dolichospermum flosaquae. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 45 to 4900 individuals/mL, peaking in July. Shannon–Weaver diversity indices varied from 1.1 to 4.2, with an average of 1.9, indicating moderate pollution levels in the Winam Gulf. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that significant shifts in the phytoplankton community were statistically correlated with water quality variables, notably NH₄+–N, temperature, transparency, and DO. NH₄+–N was identified as the key limiting factor for cyanobacterial abundance in the gulf. The dominance of Cyanobacteria, along with their seasonal fluctuations influenced by major environmental factors, underscores the complexity of this lake ecosystem. These findings emphasize the urgent need for continued efforts to mitigate adverse impacts and improve the overall health of this aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Herein, a new hybrid inorganic–organic ligand was designed and synthesized to form a series of transition metal (II) complexes as potential substrate towards cytotoxicity studies. The inorganic heterocycle, cyclotriphosphazene (N3P3Cl6, CTP) was chosen as the core unit to synthesize geminal hydrazone Schiff bases as multisite coordination ligand via substitution of six reactive chlorine. Herein, CTP was substituted by nucleophilic reaction at six chlorine atoms that exist on three phosphorus (V) centers of CTP with salicylaldehyde to form hexakis salicylaldehyde derivative. Further, salicylic hydrazide tethered with terminal amine group was condensed with above hexakis salicylaldehyde derivative of CTP at ratio of 1:6 afforded SBCTP ligand. Indeed, a series of M (II) complexes (M = Co, Ni, Mn, Cu and Zn) were obtained from SBCTP ligand with characteristic functional groups to manifest the cytotoxic activity, in order to venture as the active anticancer agent in pharmaceutics. Despite the Schiff base of aromatic rings tend to exhibit inherent cytotoxic properties, the complementary influence of CTP appended with two consecutive salicylic units in SBCTP found to show unique properties. In particular, metal (II) complexes via imine bonds of SBCTP oriented from CTP ring found to reveal essential properties to treat cancerous cells. The above ligand and prospective metal complexes were investigated individually for the cytotoxic activity with normal and cancerous cells at five different concentrations, with/without addition of the above samples into MTT assay. Structural characterization of above samples was conducted by multinuclear NMR, 1H, 13C, and 31P as well as ESI, HRMS, FTIR, EDS, and TGA data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For intelligent systems, argumentation is a very important factor to point out in Artificial Intelligence (AI) as it represents an essential component. It is one of the critical approaches to making a decision, whereas Dung introduces a mathematical model that classifies attacks among arguments based on ordered pairs. Furthermore, weights’ addition to the arguments is one of the most important developments. It is done by several methods of weight calculation; hence, the Fuzzy weights method is a suitable method when working with game theory (GT). To this end, this paper introduced the GT in a Nash equilibrium method to redraw the acceptable arguments. It depends on the fuzzy weight for reducing the acceptable arguments and acceptable attacks between those arguments. This paper provides an automatic model for reducing the number of arguments and attacks between them called the shorthand model based on the gaming argumentation framework SGAF by extending the gaming argumentation framework GAF. This work uses the Cash on Delivery (COD) Payment Model as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of patient satisfaction has been widely recognized as a crucial element in evaluating health outcomes, and the overall quality of healthcare. The current research included individuals who sought medical services at the specialized dental healthcare facility located in Baghdad in cross-sectional descriptive research. The research was conducted, using a pre-designed questionnaire on 334 patients who were selected randomly. The results obtained from the current research revealed that patients typically respond favorably to the quality of general practice care. However, some areas related to clinical conduct and care organization need improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the key antecedents influencing the private firm's intention to adopt big data analytics (BDA) in developing economies. To do so, the study follows the sequential explanatory approach. Design/methodology/approach: To test the hypothesized model that draws on the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework paired with the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, a purposive sampling technique was applied to gather data from 156 IT and management domain experts from the private firms that intend to adopt BDA and operate in Pakistan's service industry, including telecommunication, information technology, agriculture, and e-commerce. The data were analysed using the partial least squares structural equations modelling (PLS-SEM) technique and complemented with qualitative analysis of 10 semi-structured interviews in NVIVO 12 based on grounded theory. Findings: The empirical findings revealed that the two constructs – perceived benefits and top management support – are the powerful drivers of a firm's intention to adopt BDA in the private sector, whereas IT infrastructure, data quality, technological complexity and financial readiness, along with the moderators, BDA adoption of competitors and government policy and regulation, do not significantly influence the intention. In addition, the qualitative analysis validates and further complements the SEM findings. Originality/value: Unlike the previous studies on technology adoption, this study proposed a unique research model with contextualized indicators to measure the constructs relevant to private firms, based on the TOE framework and DOI theory, to investigate the causal relationship between drivers and intention. Furthermore, the findings of PLS-SEM were complemented by qualitative analysis to validate the causation. The findings of this study have both theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moxifloxacin evaluation in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids is in high demand. It is important to fabricate a simple, sensitive, selective, miniaturized, and cost-effective chemical sensor to detect moxifloxacin in the environment. In this study, an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was fabricated for the detection of moxifloxacin in which interdigital electrodes (IDEs) were used as transducers. Thermal free-radical bulk polymerization was used to synthesize MIP, methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a free radical initiator, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a porogenic solvent in a poly (methacrylic acid) system for efficient recognition. The LCR meter was used to measure various electrical properties such as inductance and resistance. A concentration-dependent linear response was observed by the fabricated sensor having a lower limit of detection of 240 and 63 ppb for series and parallel resistance, respectively. Meanwhile, series and parallel inductance had lower detection limits of 48 and 8 ppb, respectively. Furthermore, in the presence of competing agents such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, and paracetamol, the fabricated sensor showed a selective response for moxifloxacin. The fabricated sensor also showed reversible and reproducible response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on three daily reanalysis datasets for the period from 1958 to 2023, this study details the climatology of high-amplitude wave breaking (WB) events with blocking flow configurations over the extratropical Southern Hemisphere (SH). A given event is classified as a WB blocking high (WBBH) or blocking low (WBBL) event, depending on the polarity of the primary height anomaly center. Furthermore, these events are classified as an eastwards (E) type or westwards (W) type according to the longitudinal movement of the primary potential vorticity center. Both WBBH and WBBL occurrences are predominantly E-types. Specifically, E-type WBBH events are more frequent over the South Pacific and adjacent regions, such as the southeast Indian Ocean and southwest Atlantic. In contrast, E-type WBBL events tend to occur over the 45°S-60°S latitudinal band. On the other hand, W-type events are more likely to occur over the Antarctic continent. The distribution frequency of WB events is closely associated with the climatological mean flow, but no evident seasonal preference for their occurrence regions is observed. The composite results at several representative locations demonstrate a robust relationship between the anomalous potential vorticity flux at the primary potential vorticity center and the convergence/divergence of the wave-activity flux, reinforcing the understanding of the dynamics underlying these events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore impact of flood on breastfeeding practices and identify barriers in continuation of breastfeeding among mothers residing in flood relief camps. Methods: This exploratory observational study was conducted during visit of medical team of The University of Child Health Sciences, Children’s Hospital at flood relief camps of Sindh (7th September to 12th September, 2022) and southwest of Punjab province (18th November to 20th November, 2022). The data was collected on structured questionnaire from 40 lactating mothers residing in flood relief camps. Purposive sampling technique was used in this regard. Results: The mean age of breastfed children was 16.1±7.811 months. There was negative impact on breastfeeding practices (n=21, 52.5%) as frequency decreased in 18(45%) mothers and 3(7.5%) totally stopped breastfeeding. There was significant relation between pre-flood breastfeeding status and impact of flood on breastfeeding practices (p=0.001). The major barriers to appropriate breastfeeding were mother’s perception of insufficient breast milk due to inadequate diet (n=6, 15%) or depression and anxiety (n=4, 10%), mother’s illness (n=3, 7.5%), constant displacement (n=2, 5%) and provision of breast milk substitutes (n=2, 5%). Conclusion: There has been significant negative impact of flood on breastfeeding practices among lactating mothers residing in flood relief camps. Perception of decreased milk production due to inadequate diet and stress are major barriers in continuation of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding supportive services need to be integral component of flood crisis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design and analysis of a metamaterial-based compact dual-band antenna for WBAN applications. The antenna is designed and fabricated on a 0.254 mm thick semi-flexible substrate, RT/Duroid® 5880, with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The total dimensions of the antenna are 0.26λo×0.19λo×0.002λo, where λo corresponds to the free space wavelength at 2.45 GHz. To enhance overall performance and isolate the antenna from adverse effects of the human body, it is backed by a 2×2 artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) plane. The total volume of the AMC integrated design is 0.55λo×0.55λo×0.002λo. The paper investigates the antenna's performance both with and without AMC integration, considering on- and off-body states, as well as various bending conditions in both E and H-planes. Results indicate that the AMC-integrated antenna gives improved measured gains of 6.61 dBi and 8.02 dBi, with bandwidths of 10.12% and 7.43% at 2.45 GHz and 5.80 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the AMC integrated antenna reduces the specific absorption rate (SAR) to (>96%) and (>93%) at 2.45 GHz and 5.80 GHz, meeting FCC requirements for low SAR at both frequencies when placed in proximity to the human body. CST Microwave Studio (MWS) and Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS), both full-wave simulation tools, are utilized to evaluate the antenna's performance and to characterize the AMC unit cell. The simulated and tested results are in mutual agreement. Due to its low profile, high gain, adequate bandwidth, low SAR values, and compact size, the AMC integrated antenna is considered suitable for WBAN applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

States have turned to novel Medicaid financing to pay for community health worker (CHW) programs, often through fee-for-service or capitated payments. We sought to estimate Medicaid payment rates to ensure CHW program sustainability. A microsimulation model was constructed to estimate CHW salaries, equipment, transportation, space, and benefits costs across the U.S. Fee-for-service rates per 30-min CHW visit (code 98960) and capitated rates were calculated for financial sustainability. The mean CHW hourly wage was $23.51, varying from $15.90 in Puerto Rico to $31.61 in Rhode Island. Overhead per work hour averaged $43.65 nationwide, and was highest for transportation among other overhead categories (65.1% of overhead). The minimum fee-for-service rate for a 30-min visit was $53.24 (95% CI $24.80, $91.11), varying from $40.44 in South Dakota to $70.89 in Washington D.C. The minimum capitated rate was $140.18 per member per month (95% CI $105.94, $260.90), varying from $113.55 in South Dakota to $176.58 in Washington D.C. Rates varied minimally by metro status but more by panel size. Higher Medicaid fee-for-service and capitated rates than currently used may be needed to support financial viability of CHW programs. A revised payment estimation approach may help state officials, health systems and plans discussing CHW program sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progress in glass science has given rise to innovative functional glasses, unlocking significant applications for creating cutting-edge materials such as solid-state batteries, solar cells, optical reinforcement, and medical technologies. In this study, rice husk silica, Bismuth (Bi) and Tin (Sn) oxide ores were used to fabricate a novel glass series. The electrical conductivity (i.e., dielectric constant) of the glasses increased with the dopant's gravimetric levels. The novel glass series also possesses good optical non-linearity with metallisation criteria ranging from 0.35 to 0.40, which points to a novel non-linear optical material. The non-bridging oxygen content in the new glasses exceeds the bridging oxygen, indicating high polarisation. The transmission coefficient decreased with increasing dopant concentration from 0.76 to 0.75, while the reflection loss decreased from 0.37 to 0.38. For the Caesium-137 energy, GS6 has a minimum HVL of ∼5.02 cm, which is ∼20 % lower than that of commercial Pb/Ba glass. For the two energies, GS6 has the least MFP, suggesting that the addition of dopants improved the efficiency of the glass attenuation. Process capability analysis based on Caesium-137 (661.7 keV) and overall performance analysis of the fabricated glass series revealed that GS3 glass (15 wt% dopant) is the optimal material, even outperforming the commercial Pb/Ba glass. Although Cobalt-60 (1253 keV) yielded comparable outcomes, concentrations beyond 15 wt% in GS3 showed marginal enhancements in the photon attenuation parameters of the glasses. Hence, the fabricated GS3 and the circular synthesis method of the glasses are cost-effective for low-energy gamma/X-ray shielding. The percentage deviation between the experimental data for MAC and that of Monte Carlo simulations for Cs-137 and Co-60 energies are both within 10 %, which validates the methods of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Africa has consistently had the highest prevalence (70.1%) of H. pylori, and this has led to significant cases of dyspepsia, gastric cancers, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, most studies have used sero-prevalence, which might not give the current state of the infection. Among the tests, the stool antigen test is simple, quick, and effective. The study aimed to determine the feco-prevalence, endoscopic pattern, and associated factors of H. pylori infection among symptomatic adult patients in Northern Tanzania. Materials and methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to April 2023 among adults attending the gastroenterology clinic at Kilimanjaro Chistian Medical Centre. A systematic random sampling was used to select the participants with indications of undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Questionnaires, stool and blood samples, and endoscopy were used to collect variable data. Numerical and categorical variables were summarized into narrations and tables. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with H. pylori. Results: The feco-prevalence of H. pylori was 43.4%. Chronic gastritis (51.1%) was the most common endoscopic pattern, whereas duodenal ulcers and gastric ulcers were significantly associated with H. pylori infection. Increasing in age (p <0.001) and blood group (p <0.001) were significantly associated with H. pylori infection in the adjusted analysis. Conclusion: The feco-prevalence of H. pylori is high in this setting. H. pylori stool antigen can be used as the initial workup for symptomatic patients before the initiation of proton pump inhibitors. Additionally, due to other causes of dyspepsia, it is advised that H. pylori stool antigen testing be part of the initial evaluation and esophagogastroduodenoscopy be considered in the absence of other alarm symptoms if symptoms persist despite an appropriate trial of medical therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research paper focuses on manufacturing composite materials from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reinforced with soda-lime glass to provide a lightweight, less brittle, and high rust resistance when exposed to hazardous environment. In developing nations such as Nigeria, there is a significant surge in the volume of bottled water and other packaging materials used in households, leading to a rapid accumulation of biodegradable waste, that presents concerns such as the creation of landfills and health issues. PET are thermoplastic polymer that can be melted and shaped into various objects. This study involves the incorporation of soda lime glass with recycled PET with various weight proportions to create a composite for roof tile application. The processing phases encompass the gathering of discarded PET and glass, purification, fragmentation, glass treatment, composite fabrication, and physio-mechanical and microstructural characterization. The utilization of soda lime glass in the recycling of plastics led to the creation of cost-effective and efficient roof tile composites, while also decreasing environmental pollution. The density of the composite tile varied between 1.000242-1.600259 g/cm3 with 20 wt.% filler having the lowest density. The water absorption ranged from 0.12%-0.79%. Mechanical characterization results revealed that the hardness and tensile strength increased with increasing wt.% of reinforcement (soda-lime glass) with the highest values being 271 HBN and 12 N/mm2 (peak) at 60 and 50 wt.% filler (soda-lime glass), respectively. The composite samples had similar impact strength which varied between 70-74 J. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis reveals the occurrence of chemical andmechanical improvement during the recycling process. The composites exhibited promising properties from the research and revealed that the addition of the reinforcement largely improves the properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]