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Avorter ici ou ailleurs n'implique pas les mêmes droits pour les femmes, ni les mêmes conditions. Pratiqué depuis des siècles et dans toutes les sociétés, l'avortement dans le monde reste pour autant très inégalitaire en termes législatifs. Cet article retrace les contextes historiques, socioculturels et politiques dans lesquels ont émergé les décisions concernant la pénalisation et la dépénalisation de cet acte, notamment en Argentine. Les représentations du fœtus mais aussi du statut social des femmes, élaborées par chaque société, apportent une compréhension supplémentaire aux enjeux liés à cette pratique : universelle et transculturelle. Le corps féminin et sa fonction procréatrice répondent aux intérêts des politiques d'État. Le combat des femmes argentines pour la légalisation de l'avortement est ainsi un exemple de rébellion contre le poids des traditions patriarcales. The legal implications of abortion worldwide do not confer the same rights or conditions on women. Although abortion has been practiced for centuries in all societies, it remains highly unequal in legislative terms throughout the world. This article traces the historical, socio-cultural and political contexts in which decisions to criminalize and decriminalize abortion have been made, particularly in Argentina. Representations of the status of the fetus and of women's social condition that have been developed by each society, provide additional insight into the issues surrounding this universal and transcultural practice. The female body, and its procreative function, correspond to the interests of state policies. The fight by Argentinian women to legalize abortion is an example of rebellion against the weight of patriarchal traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the role of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), as a public service within Irish society has been illuminated. In the twenty-first century, although crises may unfold on a global scale, the response from society is galvanised at local level. Amongst other functions, ECEC is ideally positioned to form part of a local response to unanticipated public crisis. However, ECEC in Ireland finds itself in a space of converging multiple crises such as high fees for parents, poor working conditions for staff, alongside concerns of how children experience provision. This article analyses the institutional systems from which ECEC has emerged by mapping several discursive 'regimes of truth', that have built up through Irish history. Exposure of multiple crises, such as fragmentation and the commodification of care are mapped to a neoliberal discourse set in a history of colonialism and religious doctrine. Pulling off the sticky plasters is painful, whilst facing multiple crises can lead to a state of exhaustion. However, guided by affirmative ethics this article aims to generate possible solutions, thereby proposing mechanisms for creating a more sustainable model of ECEC as a public service, embedded in an interconnective narrative of ethical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lara Buchak argues that her version of rank-weighted utilitarianism can accommodate an implication of the separateness of persons known as "the shift," since it requires individuals to be more willing to accept risk for themselves than to accept inequality in society. I argue that this is mistaken. Buchak's model fails to yield the shift when the decision-maker is distinct from the affected individual, as well as in certain social decisions where the risk attitude of the group is known. These findings suggest that models which derive social choice rules from individual decision rules will generally fail to uphold separateness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The published Leiden encyclopedia is one source of information about Islam in Western and sometimes even Islamic societies. The Islam encyclopedia established itself as a standard reference in open science very quickly because it incorporated the goals of disseminating knowledge of all aspects of Islam, including the founder of Islam, the content and related historical developments, the developers of Islamic teachings, and all aspects of Muslim culture. Given that "Islamophobia" is a part of the epistemic life of Western intellectual systems, it has been reflected in the compilation of the Islamic Encyclopaedia, as stated explicitly in the first edition of the Islamic Encyclopaedia. Based on this assumption and far from portraying Islamophobia, the current descriptive-analytical study is based on historical articles related to the beginning of Islam (EI2). It attempts to trace, analyze, and explain biased approaches to depicting Islam through the Islamic encyclopedia. The authors of the entries used the othering approach, the economy-oriented approach, the skeptical approach, the adaptation-oriented approach, and the secular approach to create an image of Islamophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Korean Society of Medical Education (KSME) was founded in 1983 and celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2023. This study examines the evolution of topics discussed at KSME conferences from 1971 through 2023, highlighting shifts in the focus of medical education. Methods: We analyzed 90 KSME conferences over 5 decades (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s), categorizing the topics into three eras based on emerging themes and continuity. Results: Consequently, 37 topics covered at the conference were categorized. Ten topics continuously appeared from the 1970s to the 2010s, including future directions of medical education, teaching methods, faculty development, and curriculum. The topics from the 1970s to the 1990s included 14 areas, such as medical education evaluation, non-undergraduate curriculum, communityrelated, and research. Thirteen new topics emerged after the 2000s, such as social accountability, student support, professionalism, and quality improvements. The most common topics under innovations in medical education, a case of curriculum innovation at universities that began after 2000, were clinical clerkship, curriculum development, and medical humanities. Conclusion: KSME’s selection of conference topics has been strategically aligned with societal needs and the evolving landscape of medical education. Future topics should continue to address relevant societal and educational challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent threats to human security (i.e., COVID‐19 pandemic, conflicts, climate change events) call for nurses to have an increased understanding of how sociopolitical environments induce mental health problems and impact the well‐being of citizens. This study examines the relationship between national resilience and life satisfaction among Filipino emerging adults, how depression mediates this relationship, and how these correlations are moderated by gender. Drawing from an online survey sample of 1020 Filipino emerging adults (18–29 years old), this cross‐sectional study utilised a moderated mediation analysis. Key constructs were measured using the short version of the National Resilience Scale (NR‐13), the depression component of the Kessler Psychological Distress (K10) scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Gender was measured as sex assigned at birth. Descriptive results show that more than half of the respondents are female (64.2%) and demonstrate below‐average levels of national resilience and depression, and high levels of life satisfaction. Also, findings indicate that depression has significant negative relationships with, and partially mediates the positive relationship between national resilience and life satisfaction. Moreover, moderation analysis results suggest that being female synergizes the negative relationship between depression and life satisfaction, and being male strengthens the positive relationship between national resilience and life satisfaction (p < 0.01). The results highlight how the national resilience of emerging adults neutralises their risk for depression and, ultimately, improves life satisfaction. Moreover, the findings emphasise the importance of nursing advocacy actions to ensure that social policies for improving public mental health are gender‐sensitive, given that macro‐social and psychological factors have varied effects on individuals' lives based on gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research at the intersection of social science and genomics, 'sociogenomics', is transforming our understanding of the interplay between genomics, individual outcomes and society. It has interesting and maybe unexpected implications for education research and policy. Here we review the growing sociogenomics literature and discuss its implications for educational researchers and policymakers. We cover key concepts and methods in genomic research into educational outcomes, how genomic data can be used to investigate social or environmental effects, the methodological strengths and limitations of genomic data relative to other observational social data, the role of intergenerational transmission and potential policy implications. The increasing availability of genomic data in studies can produce a wealth of new evidence for education research. This may provide opportunities for disentangling the environmental and genomic factors that influence educational outcomes and identifying potential mechanisms for intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article paints a vivid picture of late-eighteenth-century Breslau and places the Jewish writer Esther Gad, who was married to local tradesman Samuel Bernard in 1791, in the city's sociable life. Mentioning Gad's many contacts to writers and philosophers such as Christian Garve, Jean Paul, and Elisa von der Recke, the article singles out Esther Gad's friendship with Rahel Levin Varnhagen, who visited Breslau in 1794 and described her impressions of the city in letters to her family. In 1798, Gad joined her friend in Berlin, seeking for opportunities in the Prussian capital she did not have in her Silesian hometown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students of early Christianity have debated the question of how Christians organized themselves in taking care of the poor who died, in comparison with their Greco-Roman cultural counterparts. The question has centered specifically on the place of the collegia in early Christianity. On the one hand, some argue that Christians formed their own collegia akin to Christian churches in order to skirt the pre-Constantinian legal status of the church. On the other hand, some hold that Christians could not participate in the secular setting of the collegia. This article argues that not only did early Christians participate in the collegia, but, significantly, this participation helped them prepare to deal with future plagues such as the one that took place between ca. 251 and 266. Additionally, while earlier scholarship on the issue tended to emphasize those associations that were mainly organized by official Roman law, later scholarship has recognized the more private ones as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change is an inevitable fact of all communities and all institutions that make up societies. Religion as a social organization that brings social orders into being and keeps them together is anything but a section and a crucial factor of social change. A change event that may occur in an existing part of the social structure may eventually affect almost all the infrastructures in the existing structure system. Alongside with the modernism (before and after); It's obviously true that a rapid and effective change process is experienced in almost every field in all societies affected by the process. In the functioning of the aforementioned process, religious perceptions and tendencies gradually change in this phenomenon, as well.. As it is known, important events that occur in social systems can cause sudden and surprise needs and a number of problems aimed at meeting these needs, and these emerging problems affect almost all institutions, including religion, and force themselves to adapt to change. The institution of religion, which is an important element of the social order, is almost in contact with the whole of this system. Religion is accepted as an effective system that performs absolute functions that are important for the ongoing social order. The reflection of some goals and needs of the social order is seen in the functions of the phenomenon of religion and in the structures it creates in order to fulfill these functions. The purpose of this study is to understand the complex relationship between religion and change. For this purpose, first of all, conceptual analyzes were made and the subject of social change was examined. Then, the functions of the phenomenon of religion in the process of social change have been discussed. Thus, this study is important in terms of defining social change, religion and change phenomenon and determining what they are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the process of gestation, consolidation, and transformation of document appraisal in Colombia, based on a review of archival regulations. It is organized in four stages; the first one presents the background of the process related to the government's interest in the documentary heritage as a source of national identity; the second deals with the gestation of the process and the creation of its archival instruments; the third one responds to the consolidation as a result of the modification of procedures and instruments with the General Law on Archives as a framework; and the fourth focuses on the transformation of the process as a result of the impact of ICT on the production of archival documents. This journey allows identifying the relationship between the appraisal process and the interests of society, highlighting procedural issues in its application, to recognize the growth of the discipline over time and to emphasize the importance of studying the process continuously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-World War II availability of commercial spectrometers spurred the development of professional spectroscopic societies: The Infrared and Raman Discussion Group in the UK, the Coblentz Society, and the Society for Applied Spectroscopy in the USA. There was a desire to ensure that customers understood the instrumentation and techniques, became part of a community, and had access to the latest subject matter knowledge. With the advent of low-cost routine instruments, and portable instruments in the field, professional societies have a distinct role to play in education and training, especially as libraries deaccession (withdraw) even comparatively recent books on practical spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do societies remember historical political violence? We draw on an original dataset of more than 150 memorialization projects proposed by truth commissions in 28 post-violence countries, from 1970 to 2018. These projects include the removal of monuments, installation of museums, inauguration of national days of remembrance, and more. Truth commission recommendations data allows us to not only consider memory sites once established, but also to examine blueprints for the types of memory that could have been made. We develop a typology and inductively generate a theory of the political contests and conflicts that different memory projects are likely to trigger—contests and conflicts that we expect influence the likelihood of project initiation and completion. We conduct an initial probe of the theory using our new data. In so doing, we offer the first systematic, global study of setting and implementing the memorialization agenda in post-violence societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the activities and achievements of the Southern Historical Association which s in its ninetieth year. It notes that the the association is an organization that serves its members 3 65 days of the year. It also mentions the association's virtual programming which include the Junior Scholars Fellows program, the Second Book Writers Workshop, and the new Classic Texts in Southern History book discussion.

This paper describes three basic positions that have been held in relation to the place of religious ideas and reasons in public square deliberation by outlining the arguments of major representatives of each position. The three positions are: 'obligatory relegation' (Robert Audi); 'willing translation' (John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas), and 'unreserved declaration' (Nicholas Wolterstorff and Charles Taylor). I conclude by offering an observation from the survey. Even as the question of the place of religious ideas in public square deliberation can be approached from either broader domains of the secularisation/post-secularisation of societies or the essence of liberal democracy, it is not the domain itself but rather specific conceptions of key ideas or notions within each domain that push the representatives to take the position that they do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the rationale behind the establishment of a linguistic society, addressing why such an organization is essential. American linguist Leonard Bloomfield from Ohio State University emphasizes the need for scholars in the field to collaborate and highlights the unique scientific nature of linguistics, advocating for its recognition and support.

The article outlines the Linguistic Society of America's (LSA's) centennial celebration plans for reprinting significant articles from each decade since 1924 in the journal Language, accompanied by commentary. American linguist Leonard Bloomfield's foundational 1925 article, 'Why a linguistic society?' is highlighted for its ongoing relevance in linguistics, education, and scientific discourse.

Direct or indirect evidence of ropemaking are scarce in European prehistory. Only a few references to Middle or Upper Palaeolithic remains are known to us, with more examples towards the Holocene. The archaeological contexts of ropes offer little information about possible uses, as the activities they are used for are often archaeologically invisible. However, some rock-art traditions shed some light on potential uses, worth exploring. In Spain, Levantine rock art offers the best graphic examples across Europe showing various uses of ropes, including climbing. Starting from the recently discovered climbing scene of Barranco Gómez site (Teruel, Spain), including the best preserved and more complex use of ropes seen so far in Levantine art, this paper analyses representations of ropes in this art, as well as their varieties and diverse uses. Our study suggests that different rope-making techniques were used by Levantine societies, which we believe are indicative of a complex rope-making technology, requiring a considerable investment of time and efforts. It also shows a certain variety of rope climbing techniques and rope climbing gear, illustrating that both were mastered by Levantine societies. Moreover, a preferential use of ropes in honey-hunting scenes is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the readability of patient education materials (PEMs) on websites of intensive and critical care societies. DATA SOURCES: Websites of intensive and critical care societies, which are members of The World Federation of Intensive and Critical Care and The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. SETTING: Cross-sectional observational, internet-based, website, PEMs, readability study. STUDY SELECTION: The readability of the PEMs available on societies' sites was evaluated. DATA EXTRACTION: The readability formulas used were the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and Gunning Fog (GFOG). DATA SYNTHESIS: One hundred twenty-seven PEM from 11 different societies were included in our study. In the readability analysis of PEM, the FRES was 58.10 (48.85-63.77) (difficult), the mean FKGL and SMOG were 10.19 (8.93-11.72) and 11.10 (10.11-11.87) years, respectively, and the mean GFOG score was 12.73 (11.37-14.15) (very difficult). All readability formula results were significantly higher than the recommended sixth-grade level (p < 0.001). All PEMs were above the sixth-grade level when the societies were evaluated individually according to all readability results (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the sixth-grade level recommended by the American Medical Association and the National Institutes of Health, the readability of PEMs in intensive and critical care societies is relatively high. PEMs in intensive and critical care societies should be prepared with attention to recommendations on readability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In On Female Body Experience: "Throwing Like A Girl" and Other Essays, Iris Marion Young examines the feminine modalities representing women in contemporary industrial and commercial society. She reveals the "root" of these modalities, which she refers to as the state of "self-reference." The main task of the present paper is to extend Young's understanding of femininity by arguing that this state of "self-reference" is rooted in the state of "reversibility." Such rootedness is essential to Young's concept of femininity, as it explains the constitution of the objectified state that represents feminine experience. It also justifies the three aspects of her definition of femininity: the non-essentiality of femininity, the structural conditions that constitute women's situations in a certain society, and women's lived experiences according to these situations. This paper is mainly inspired by Maurice Merleau-Ponty's existential and phenomenological approach, as represented in his Phenomenology of Perception and The Visible and the Invisible. It is also inspired by Edmund Husserl's concept of "double senses" as presented in his Thing and Space: Lectures of 1907. An exploration of Young's definition of "femininity" in relation to arguments related to essentialism is followed by a discussion of her argument that the modality of self-reference is the root of the other feminine modalities. The rest of the paper looks at how her understanding of femininity can be extended by presenting the concept of reversibility as the root of the formation of the state of self-reference and the other feminine modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As societies have sought to adapt to the (post-)pandemic realities, one of the most profound and far-reaching consequences has been a society-wide acceleration of the turn toward the digital. Following a crucial link between social media communication and resilience, the article (1) aims to investigate how "digital religious communication" on social media can be used to measure and assess ecclesial organizations' social resilience. In a second step, the Twitter communication of 126 ecumenical and social justice-oriented organizations is then analyzed for how much they communicated about the pandemic during the early phases, for the sentiment of their communication, and for religious semantics and narratives used to address the pandemic. In doing so, the study (2) inquires after the role of communicating religious self-understandings in navigating the pandemic, deepening thereby understanding of the connection between "digital religious communication" and the facilitation of social resilience in the face of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article justifies and demonstrates that the church, and not only its members, is capable of sinning. It can thereby become a structure of sin and be called a sinful church. This is exemplified through the cases of the Roman Catholic Church's handling of sexual abuse and the Residential School System in Canada. This highlights that the churches, along with calling the world, societies, and all people to change where it is needed, should also be constantly self‐examining and self‐correcting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the contrasting political ideologies of Peter Beilharz and the author, detailing their divergent backgrounds and perspectives—Beilharz as an unabashed social democrat and the author as a liberal conservative. It delves into their evolving intellectual shifts in the 1990s, highlighting a surprising convergence in analyzing Australian society through the lens of art and aesthetics, despite their political disparities.

Nüshu, as a folk practice with gendered characteristics, is often included in discussions of Chinese female culture. This article contends that so-called 'gentlewomen' (君子女) were an important group that spread traditional Chinese Confucian culture among rural women in Jiangyong County, Hunan Province. Women's scripts and women's oral composition of texts opened up a channel between China's mainstream society and rural society, and between male-dominated society and female society, which undertook the function of providing rural education in Confucian culture and promoting the conscious acceptance of Confucianism by rural women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forager societies have had a profound influence on the natural world as modernity has come to know it, engineering environments over the course of millennia through consistent interventions in the lifeways of the plant and animal species around them. Leveraging the human capacity for processing social information, these societies preserved and transmitted their understanding of these processes through folklore. Taking the example of the |Xam foragers of nineteenth-century southern Africa, this article examines the narratives related to navigation and spatial education as a means of articulating value in a landscape, and ordering the lives of those who passed through it. Amongst a society for whom absolute references were rare, the |Xam communicated in stories that overlapped personal life history, deep mythology, and momentary politics, preserving an understanding of how to track the sun, moon, stars, and many social others besides, reckoning with an ever-shifting definition of what 'time' meant for 'place'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses the perceived existential crisis facing French and Francophone studies and how to address it. Other topics include the need for said studies should establish a learning environment that promotes interdisciplinary learning and intercultural studies, and how films, arts, dance, and music could be used to teach students about French and Fancophone societies and cultures.

In the article, the author discusses the potential effects of French and Francophone studies on the issue of denomination. Also cited are how the categories of French and Francophonie are used for socioeconomic and sociopolitical purposes, how colonialism promoted the French language, and the attributes of Francophonie in academic, cultural, social, and political aspects.

Promoting teacher professional learning by empowering established master teachers as leaders is a priority in many societies, including America, Australia, and Canada. Yet, few systems have implemented strategies that allow this to happen at scale. China is one of the few societies that engage master teachers in spreading learning. They do this through several initiatives, one of which is through Master Teacher Studios (MTSs). This article investigates how teacher leadership is enacted in an MTS and how the studio leader nurtures teacher learning across schools. Teacher leadership is widely touted as powerful means for improving teacher professional learning within and beyond schools. However, relatively few empirical studies have examined how teacher leaders promote teacher professional learning, especially in China. This paper uses one provinciallevel MTS in Zhejiang province, an economically and educationally advanced region in China, to explore the leadership practices of the MTS host, a master teacher in promoting the MTS members' professional learning. The paper identifies three major leadership strategies adopted by the host of MTS: acting as a conduit between local government and studio members, yanchuan shenjiao ('mentoring in words and demonstrating in deeds'), and providing studio members with intellectual, social, and emotional supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on materials recovered from archaeological sites a cornerstone of archaeological sciences. Topics include explorations of the skills, knowledge, cognition, values, and beliefs of past human societies; and erasure of barriers through collaboration within Africa and between Africa and diferent areas of the Global South and Global North.

How states and great powers rise and fall is an intriguing enigma of human history. Are there any patterns? Do polities become more vulnerable over time as they age? We analyze longevity in hundreds of premodern states using survival analysis to help provide initial insights into these questions. This approach is commonly used to study the risk of death in biological organisms or failure in mechanical systems. The results reveal that the risk of state termination increased steeply over approximately the first two centuries after formation and stabilized thereafter. This provides the first quantitative support for the hypothesis that the resilience of political states decreases over time. Potential mechanisms that could drive such declining resilience include environmental degradation, increasing complexity, growing inequality, and extractive institutions. While the cases are from premodern times, such dynamics and drivers of vulnerability may remain relevant today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent global pandemic had shocking impacts on societies and economies worldwide by bringing complexity, ambiguity, and uncertainty for extended periods. UX researchers, faced with numerous challenges, were compelled to adapt to emergent conditions through remote research methods. Investigating how some members of the UX research community adapted to the emergency offers valuable insights into how they responded to uncertainty and showed resilience. Therefore, we studied the early practices of UX managers and researchers in Turkey during the first 6 months of the global pandemic under lockdown conditions. Our goal was to understand how UX research and design teams responded to uncertainty by customizing their methods. We focused on seven firms as different cases to conduct semi-structured interviews with seven managers and 13 UX researchers. The results demonstrate that the adaptable nature of UX research allowed them to quickly respond to these emerging conditions. In the early period of the pandemic, our study participants— UX managers, designers, and researchers—experienced the advantages and challenges of remote UX research necessitated by the lockdown. These included issues related to participant recruitment, work performance, readiness, and methodological concerns. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for UX researchers to conduct moderated and unmoderated remote research while maintaining inclusiveness and rigor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haptic presentation technologies that can express a sense of touch in a variety of ways are continuing to progress. On the other hand, "What kind of haptic experience do people want?" has not yet been clarified, and as a result, the spread of haptic content in society has not made much progress. Going forward, creating haptic content that people want to experience will require an understanding of the psychological aspects of the sense of touch as in "What do people want to touch?" In this interview, we talked with NTT Distinguished Researcher Yusuke Ujitoko to learn about "scientific understanding of the desire to touch and haptic presentation methods based on crossmodal perception" that aims to popularize haptic content in the future by clarifying the "desire to touch" from large-scale data such as social media and using haptic presentation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the rarity of pediatric diseases, collaborative research is the key to maximizing the impact of research studies. A research needs assessment survey was created to support initiatives to foster pediatric interventional radiology research. Objective: To assess the status of pediatric interventional radiology research, identify perceived barriers, obtain community input on areas of research/education/support, and create metrics for evaluating changes/responses to programmatic initiatives. Materials and methods: A survey link was sent to approximately 275 members of the Society for Pediatric Interventional Radiology (SPIR) between May and October 2020. Data was collected using a web-based interface. Data collected included practice setting, clinical role, research experience, research barriers, and suggestions for future initiatives. Results: Fifty-nine surveys were analyzed with a staff physician survey response rate of 28% (56/198). A wide range of practice sizes from 15 countries were represented. Respondents were predominantly staff physicians (95%; 56/59) with an average of 11 years (range: 1–25 years) of clinical experience working at academic or freestanding children's hospitals. A total of 100% (59/59) had research experience, and 70% (41/58) had published research with a mean of 30 peer-reviewed publications (range: 1–200). For job security, 56% (33/59) of respondents were expected or required to publish, but only 19% (11/58) had research support staff, and 42% (25/59) had protected research time, but of those, 36% (9/25) got the time "sometimes or never." Lack of support staff, established collaborative processes, and education were identified as top barriers to performing research. Conclusions: The needs assessment survey demonstrated active research output despite several identified barriers. There is a widespread interest within the pediatric interventional radiology community for collaborative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economics is a science that answers questions that are not scientifics. The questions it tries to solve are based on a series of beliefs that are deeply rooted in our society. These beliefs can be called economicism and their truths have a determining influence on the aims and paths taken by economic research. Uncovering the spirit behind an economicism that behaves like a pseudo-religion, is necessary in order to build another way of doing economics. This article analyses what economicism is, why it behaves like a pseudo-religion, which spiritualities support it and how a Christian spirituality can build a different economic paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many Muslim societies including Pakistan, the notions of spatial boundaries and gender segregation are becoming critical site for women's rights and feminist activism. Sanctified through patriarchal culture and interpretations of religious scriptures, such notions undermine women's agency and autonomy, hence invite greater attention from feminists, whereby they seek to unravel how these restrictive codes, deprive women of their fundamental rights such as access to the public sphere, education, and financial independence. Lately, feminists in Pakistan, have been demonstrating their opposition to these restrictions through various cultural and political activities that include the arrangement of the annual 'Aurat March', social media campaigns and other forms of cultural resistance. Feminist documentary has emerged as one of these effective tools, through which feminists confront religio-cultural constructs such as spatial boundaries and gender segregation, concepts that contribute to women's oppression. These documentaries are providing new tools for cultural resistance and should be seen as a distinctive Muslim feminist documentary. Owing to the distinctive nature of feminist documentary in Pakistan, this paper explores feminist contestation of spatial boundaries through the lens of feminist documentary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Japanese government put forward the concept of Society 5.0 in January 2016, smart society has aroused extensive discussion in the international academic circle. However, this concept has been hardly discussed or cited in China. What is the root cause of this observation? Based on this question, this paper systematically reviews the existing literature on smart society both domestically and internationally. It provides a reverse critique of the misguided viewpoints supporting Society 5.0 from the perspectives of concept, motivation, elements, and goals. It also conducts a comprehensive analysis of the existing critical arguments against Society 5.0 in academia, considering theories, motivations, elements, and consequences, providing a forward critique. The paper further analyzes failed cases of smart society implementation, offering practical critique. By considering three perspectives, it identifies and categorizes the critical arguments against Society 5.0, forming three arrays of critique. Additionally, the paper addresses the fundamental reasons for the criticism of Society 5.0 in China and proposes an alternative vision: Civilization 5.0 as the ideal society of the future. Civilization 5.0 encompasses three transformative changes: eco-lization, intellectualization, and inclusiveness. In this new civilization, society needs to embrace ecological transformation, intellectualization, and multi-decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 crisis and countries' reactions led to analyses about how governance systems influenced the management of the pandemic and how COVID-19 influenced businesses. The concept of institutional resilience transcends these directions of research, but we know little about what it means and how to measure it. This paper proposes an innovative framework to conceptualize and assess institutional resilience based on three organisational traits: preparedness, agility and robustness. This approach provides the opportunity to sequence actions before, during and after the pandemic. This framework will be applied through various cases studies in Europe in the contributions to this symposium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this essay is to reflect, from sociology, upon the digital world, emotions and the ways of building knowledge about these elements. Supported by the proposal in the book Emotions in a Digital World. Social Research 4.0, emotions, as ways of interpreting and transforming the world, organized and shaped in each context, constitute an object of study that brings us closer to the modes of social structuring. In turn, these forms of structuring -crossed today by information and communication technologies- organize new ways of feeling. The text is an opportunity to reflect on central issues of the sociological profession, such as the ways of observing, recording, and analyzing the manners in which we interact; how to see the transformation processes we are immersed in and how to approach them, with what strategies and techniques, paying particular attention to their fields of deployment. Given the above, this essay recovers some ways of conceptualizing emotions and society 4.0, to restore the importance of reflecting on the spaces of inquiry, as well as different qualitative techniques developed in its approach to the virtual digital world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'hyper-médicalisation de nos sociétés et notre confiance sans borne envers la médecine curative nous ont fait peu à peu perdre le sens profond des mots des maux. Nombreux sont aujourd'hui ceux qui interpellent les pouvoirs publics afin que soit promue une « politique du Care ». Le recours aux anglicismes est assurément « tendance » mais opposer le « cure » et le « care » ne fait pas sens. Nous invitons le lecteur à tenter de recouvrer la signification et la valeur du verbe soigner et du mot soin(s), pluriel et pourtant si singulier. Pour mener cette quête nous porterons notre attention sur quelques œuvres d'art qui peut-être nous permettrons, en trois temps, de (re)découvrir le sens profond de la relation de soins. The hyper-medicalization of our societies and our absolute confidence in curative medicine have made us gradually lose the deep meaning of the words of ailments. Many are now calling on the public authorities to promote a "policy of Care". The use of anglicisms is certainly "trendy" but opposing "cure" and "care" does not make sense. We invite our readers to try to recover the meaning and the value of the verb to treat and the word care(s), plural and yet so singular. To carry out this quest, we will focus our attention on a few works of art which will perhaps allow us, in three stages, to (re)discover the deep meaning of the care relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Participation of the scientific society of medical students in Peru in publications: university experience" reports on the participation of the San Cristóbal Medical Student Scientific Society (SOCIMESC) in the publication of research papers in national and international journals. SOCIMESC is affiliated with the Peruvian Medical Student Scientific Society (SOCIMEP), which aims to promote scientific research in undergraduate studies. Students from the Professional School of Human Medicine at the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga have published a total of 17 research papers in databases such as MEDLINE/Pubmed and SCOPUS, of which 35.3% are affiliated with SOCIMESC. Belonging to a scientific society allows for a greater number of publications and the development of a research culture. Universities and national organizations are urged to work towards the development of scientific societies in order to provide the healthcare system with scientific foundations and solve societal problems. [Extracted from the article]

Since the first Proton Pump Inhibitor was marketed in 1989, this class of drugs has been prescribed more and more frequently, sometimes outside the indications set out in their Marketing Authorisation. However, these drugs are not free from contraindications and side effects, some of which are serious. In carrying out this study, we therefore sought to define the frequency of such prescribing and the extent to which it complies with the various recommendations of learned societies, taking into account the profile of each patient (age, history, etc.). This was a cross-sectional descriptive observational study, using an evaluation form to collect all the data relating to the prescription of PPIs in the hospital departments of HMMI Meknes. During our study, the PPI prescription rate was 27.2%, 35% of which were justified. Only 36% of justified prescriptions were consistent in terms of dosage and duration, whereas 64% of prescriptions were non-compliant because the dosage or duration were not appropriate for the indication for which the PPI was prescribed. Prevention of drug-induced ulcer disease was the main reason for over-prescribing PPIs. This work underlines the importance of continuing medical education to ensure that prescribing of this very important therapeutic class is properly controlled, and that better knowledge of its adverse effects helps to counterbalance over-prescribing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Has net neutrality been institutionalized as a fundamental right in the digital constitution? Empirical evidence shows that statutory embedding of net neutrality has recently been taking shape in certain jurisdictions. The unfolding of constitutional structures and processes--the next step to be expected according to the theory of societal constitutionalism--is still pending. What would the scope of protection of net neutrality be if institutionalized as a fundamental right? To answer this normative question, two theoretically challenging issues must be addressed as a preliminary: First, what should be the adequate conceptualization of the relationship between the social and the technological? The perspective adopted by this paper is a combination between science and technology studies scholarship and legal sociology literature. Second, as net neutrality involves relationships between private parties, the question is how fundamental rights should be conceived beyond state-centrism. Methodologically, the sociological reflection of fundamental rights as institutions of society will serve as a benchmark for evaluating future developments of constitutional legal doctrine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text develops the thesis of the interrelation between society and the natural world, as a framework for understanding the COVID-19 pandemic. This interrelationship depends on the characteristics of the human and non-human actants. The analysis developed focus on those characteristics of the virus that have had the greatest impact on social life. Those characteristics of our society that are most directly related to the pandemic are highlighted: globalized, unequal, reflexive and risky, organized and individualized, and media. It shows how the pandemic has been governed in different ways over time, in what we can call adaptive gover - nance. The conclusions emphasize the importance of complex analyzes of the interrelationship between human and non-human actants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People were created with the reality of being tested in various ways and for different reasons. The Qur’ān confirms this fact by reporting the tests that many individuals and societies, including the prophets, have experienced throughout history. While people may be subjected to tests of their own will, they may also face tests that exceed their will. It can be said that every calamity that causes distress and torment is a great test for every person who suffers from it. In this context, natural disasters are among the troubles that are a test for people. However, there is an important point that should not be forgotten. The real test does not include only the moment when the disaster occurs, but the period after it. As a matter of fact, in times of distress, most people tend to turn to Allah, regardless of their emotions, beliefs or tendencies. Because, in the face of the difficult situation they are in, people first realize their own helplessness. People who realize their helplessness realize at that moment that the only one who can save them from such a difficult situation is Allah, the only one white infinite power, rather than any other helpless being like themselves. Naturally, with this understanding and insight, people tend to pray to Allah, voluntarily or unintentionally, in such situations. Because such people forget that the situation they are in is a real test, they do not refrain from exhibiting behaviours that should not be taken. However, some of the people who turn to Allah in times of trouble may move away from the awareness of the test after the trouble is over and they are at peace. These types of people, whom the Qur’ān concretizes through various examples, are those who forget the severity of the moment of distress and begin to make mistakes again. As a result, even if he has patiently faced the moment when the disaster came, he may have become loser in the test because he could not exhibit the behaviours expected from him in the following process. Unfortunately, people who move away from this awareness are those who try to turn the times that turn into a crisis environment after a disaster into an opportunity. However, the Qur’ān reminds people of their duties and responsibilities in times of trouble and calamity, and also points out what should not be done. Accordingly, after a great test such as a natural disaster, it advises people to maintain patience and fortitude in the face of the difficult situation and to come to the aid of those in need with sincerity and in an earnest way, while it also prevents negative attitudes that should be avoided in such situations. We have realized, through the Qur’ān, that in such times, those who pass the real test are those who, with the permission of Allah, are free from hypocrisy and do good deeds without reward. In this context, in our study, the earthquake, which is one of the calamities that we may encounter as a test, and the duties and responsibilities of people after it will be examined, specifically the February the 6th earthquakes. The negative and positive behaviours that emerged after the earthquake will be evaluated according to the Qur’ān, and what should and should not be done will be tried to be determined in the light of the verses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the progressive phenomenon of violence in our daily lives, there is an urgent need for an appropriate approach, mainly in the community, a space where citizens spend their time, displaying experiences, learning and links that are especially significant there. Contemporary societies are demonstrating the need for a paradigm shift around conflict resolution, since the high and complex conflictivity of the context demands different responses to those traditionally given. It is essential to find a tool capable of fostering synergistic relationships and building common and vital areas that interpret differences and the possible clash of interests as training instruments and forgers of a culture of peace, which can be appropriated and replicated in various spheres such as the family, the school, the club, the neighborhood, the work spaces. Is there the possibility that mediation is the appropriate path of justice to solve conflicts and show another way of relating to humans? Is this form of communication and interaction linking the key to reach new answers to this linking crisis in human coexistence since it implies the active participation of all parties in the solution of the conflict, it poses it not as a mere crime but as a fact interactional, always considering the need for a subsequent subjective relationship, recognition of the damage, responsibility and reparation, de-victimization and collaboration of all the protagonists in solving the problem? To carry out this analysis, a documentary investigation of the current systems of administration of justice was carried out, observing the success of the so-called alternative methods of dispute resolution (or conflicts), their attachment to self-compositive justice, finding that mediation is a method primary choice to any other, with increasing success and progressive acceptance in society. Hence, it is possible to conclude that mediation, as an alternative practice, is considered the necessary response to a high escalation of social conflict, closely linked to human rights and the creation of new modalities of justice and cooperation, as opposed to its passive reception and the experience of anomie, relational deterioration and lack of citizen satisfaction that the courts are throwing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expanding Quranic principles in human relations is considered among the fundamental necessities in an Islamic society. The importance of explaining these principles seems of much more significance in cases moral damage is likely to occur. Being formed in stressful relationships, Divorce is one of the most challenging events in family life which affects women morally more as the sensitive party of this relation. This study, through a descriptive-analytical method, tries to analyze the Quranic approach toward moral damage suffered by a woman in divorce. It shows that the Holy Quran as a source of jurisprudence, in order to vindicate the rights of women injured in divorce, instructs strategies as legal and moral propositions to compensate moral losses and in addition to meeting their financial needs (including the right to housing, securing women's financial rights, giving gifts, the right to immunity from abuse), pays attention to meeting the spiritual needs (including the right to security in returning to the common life, waived right to shared housing with man, not having the right to return to the divorcee during iddah and etc.). Although the amount of moral damage imposed on a woman is irreparable, observing each of these propositions and removal of some duties man is responsible for, followed by legal sanctions and protection can to some extent repair the moral damage suffered by the woman and can cause a decrease in the number of divorces in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]