Search

The image processing plays a significant role in the early detection and diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Many researchers are trying to develop and implement image-processing models for cancer detection. This article reviews and discusses the literature on image processing and thyroid cancer. The bibliometric and structured literature review methods assess the existing literature. The study indicates that the prevalence of thyroid cancer has been increasing in recent years. Numerous factors, such as raised detection through screening programs, changes in investigative criteria, and environmental and lifestyle aspects, have contributed to this trend. Furthermore, the literature finds various diagnostic and treatment methods available for patients with thyroid cancer, as well as the difficulties associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Furthermore, the role of image processing techniques in the analysis and diagnosis of thyroid cancer focuses on their possible advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this, in vitro study's objective is to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets that have been adhered to enamel using a conventional acid etch/primer and self-etching primer (SEP) adhesive method. Materials and Methods: One hundred excised human premolars were bonded on brackets and were divided into group 1 -Metal brackets were bonded on teeth and group 2 -Ceramic brackets were bonded on teeth. These two groups were further subdivided: subgroup 1a - 25 metal brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, subgroup 1b - 25 metal brackets bonded using SEP, subgroup 2a - 25 ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, and subgroup 2b - 25 ceramic brackets bonded using SEP; brackets were debonded using a computerized Instron universal testing machine. Results: The mean value of SBS of metal and ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive systems had higher SBS than those bonded using SEP. SBS ranged from 7.95 to 12.24 MPa which was in the acceptable clinical range. Conclusion: SBS values of all four subgroups exceeded the range of 6-8 MPa observed to be acceptable for routine clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ninety-nine genotypes from an association mapping panel comprising landraces, exotic genotypes, and improved varieties were evaluated for leaf and yield traits in rice. The data of plant height, number of leaves, single leaf area, single-leaf weight, leaf mass area, leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle, yield, and biomass were subjected to analysis of variance that showed significant differences among the genotypes. The genetic variability among the genotypes and the co-efficient of variation was high for all the traits analyzed except leaf mass area with 17.47%. A high coefficient of variation was recorded in the number of leaves and grain yield per plant with 42.68 and 38.55%, respectively. Frequency distribution for these traits showed that the genotypes in the category of 4 to 12 LAI fall in the category of 30 to 90g of grain yield. Most of the traits showed symmetrical skewness and mesokurtic distribution. Besides, the correlation coefficient of LAI had a significantly positive correlation with leaf mass per area, leaf numbers, and biomass, indicating the importance of the leaf area index in determining yield and biomass. Furthermore, single leaf area hada significant positive association with leaf angle, single-leaf weight, and plant heightand a negative correlation with leaf numbers and leaf mass area. The results revealed the highest genetic variability and association between two or more variables among this rice germplasm. These genotypes could act as a reservoir of variation that could possibly be utilized for improving specific traits in crop improvement programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study is to assist in the diagnosis of viral infection using RT-PCR, which helps in easy detection and rapid result of infection. RT-PCR is more sensitive and precise to the identification of viral infection than the traditional process. It is a gold standard technique that helps to diagnose viral infection in the laboratory. Using different labeled samples ensures simple identification when used in multiple formats. RTPCR viral nucleic acid testing was one of the fastest established methods of laboratory diagnosis. In a novel viral pandemic as COVID viral infection is an epidemic in the current situation. RT-PCR is helpful in the development dimension and the analysis aims to educate the scientist on the current state of viral infection. We explain both the benefits of using PCR and limitations. The PCR has provided major methodological advantages and improved patient outcomes. This might help in the detection of viral infection at a faster rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steroid is a drug which is one of blessing and banes. Next to dope, it is almost the most misused drug. In sports, it is being used so much to take away the spirit of sports. This article investigates in depth of steroids. Steroids are used for medicinal purposes only, but its use has been misunderstood by the teenagers and athletes leading to use them for illegal purposes. Athletes take these drugs to gain body bulk and muscular strength. Several countries banned steroid use and the sportsmen are checked before athletic games such as Olympic to know whether they take steroids, if so, they are disqualified to play. Teenagers of these days use these drugs to attract opposite sex, thereby decreasing their self-confidence. However, these people are unaware about the side effects that these drugs cause. Most of them lost their life due to drug overdose. Steroids are also used in dentistry to treat infection and pain, but the only thing is that it only reduces the symptoms but does not treat the cause of disease. Steroids using people are more aggressive than normal individuals, and on long run, it leads to infertility. It causes premature puberty in men when has taken in small age and the primary and secondary sexual characters start to develop earlier than the ideal age in such persons. These effects are due to the factor that anabolic steroids are derived from testosterone which, in turn, is a male hormone responsible for the development of sexual hormones in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinacea purpurea, a plant used by native Americans to treat respiratory infections, was evaluated for its ability to stimulate the production of cytokines by normal human peripheral blood macrophages in vitro. The high levels of IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and IL-10 induced by very low levels of Echinacea are consistent with an immune-activated group of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. The nine species it contains are commonly called coneflowers. Echinacea is a potent immune booster. E. purpurea is one of the most well-known medicinal plants in the world, belonging to the Asteraceae (composite) family. The plant is widely cultivated for its medicinal purposes in this species, which has been mainly used in chemopreventive and chemotherapy for infectious diseases in both upper and lower respiratory systems. This species has been used for the treatment of toothache, bowel pain, snake bite, skin disorders, seizure, chronic arthritis, and cancer. Alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, and polysaccharides (PS) have been important constituents of the plant. Several studies revealed that alkamides are involved in the immunomodulatory properties of Echinacea extracts in vitro and in vivo. The PS play an important role in the anti-inflammatory effect. Taxonomic, chemical, pharmacological, and clinical characteristics of some species of the Echinacea genus include Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida, and E. purpurea are reviewed in previous papers. This paper is a review about E. purpurea, its phytochemical contents, and pharmacological and biological activities, along with the common methods of plant extract analysis which is reviewed in this review. In addition, the psychoactive and mosquitocidal effects of purpurea are mentioned in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review is to enlighten the reader on the usage of alternative herbs which can be used as medical supplement. One of the most famous herbs used is ginkgo which has been the subject for a number of investigations in the scientific community. It is a genus of non-flowering plants originally from China. It is now cultivated all over the world for its medicinal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of ibuprofen and paracetamol in the treatment of post-extractive dental pain. Objective: The objective of this study was to segregate post-extraction patients into two groups where one group will be prescribed paracetamol and the other group with ibuprofen. Materials and Methods: Patients reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospital with the chief complaint of pain and advised extraction were included in the study. Each participant was given a brief explanation of the study, and an informed consent was obtained from each participant before inclusion in the study. The extraction of the tooth was done, and the drug paracetamol was administered to half of the patients and the drug ibuprofen to the remaining patients. Result: The result of the study showed that patients taking ibuprofen had less dental pain compared to the patients on paracetamol. Ibuprofen scored 91.4% compared to 83% of paracetamol in Score 0. Ibuprofen scored 85.6% compared to 69% of paracetamol in Score 1. In Score 2, ibuprofen was 66.6% and paracetamol 52.4%. In Score 3, ibuprofen got 60% and 44.6% for paracetamol. Conclusion: From the result of this study, it is clearly evident that a patient who received ibuprofen had less dental pain when compared with a patient who received paracetamol. This will help clinicians in prescribing medication after dental extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial water fluoridation refers to the addition of fluoride compounds usually hexafluorosilicic acid to public drinking water supplies. It is a controversial public health intervention, the ethics of which have been debated since its inception in the 1950s. Dr. Trendley Dean, in 1931, found that there was an inverse relationship between the concentration of fluoride and the incidence of dental caries. It was concluded that a concentration of 1 parts per million (ppm) of fluoride in water offered significant protection against dental caries. On the other hand, higher concentrations than 1 ppm fluorides have adverse effect on the teeth. Dr. Frederick McKay who was the pioneer in this field, his research based in Colorado Springs, did extensive research as to the effect of fluoridated water and its role in staining and mottling of the enamel. This “Mottled enamel" is characterized by small white flecks or yellow-to-brown spots scattered over the surface of the tooth. Furthermore, fluoride at even higher concentrations leads to a number of complications including skeletal fluorosis and fluoride toxicity which can affect multiple organs. The ethical debate as to the artificial fluoridation of water still goes on. There is significant research proving its efficacy in combatting dental caries. However, the counter argument stating that in the light of the increasing evidence of harm fluoridation poses, artificial water fluoridation must be abandoned and replaced with other effective community-wide and targeted oral health intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pemphigus is a group of disease characterized by IgG antibodies directed against epidermal adhesion complexes (desmosomes) of keratinocytes, leading to loss of cell adhesion, a phenomenon called acantholysis. The term 'Pemphigus' is derived from Greek word 'Pemphix' that means blister or bubbles. Different types of Pemphigus have been identified based on clinical and histopathological characteristics. Among this pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus were discussed. The patient has fluid filled itchy lesions, multiple facial bullae and erosions all over the body. It was initially diagnosed as a PV, but the patient does not have any blisters on the oral or mucosal membrane and then the blisters were not painful. The patient feels itching on the blisters. Through this evaluation it clearly shows, that the patient is suffering due to PF. The PV and the PF can be treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppresants. In this case, the patient was treated with Inj. Dexamethasone, T.Azothioprine, T.Cetrizine, T.CPM Betamethasone cream and cetrimide cream. Rituximab has been used to treat severe forms with complete remissions in patients and was the firstline treatment in Europe and United States approved by European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV). The patient should be reviewed periodically to achieve the remission and avoid reaccurance of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]