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The electrical properties of pn junctions, with various semiconductor materials with different doping concentrations fabricated by using surface-activated-bonding (SAB), were investigated by measuring their current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. The I-V characteristics of p+-GaAs/n++-Si, p+-GaAs/n+-Si, p+-Si/n+-Si, p++-Si/n+-InGaP, and p+-Si/n+-InGaP junctions showed ohmic-like properties. The interface resistance and the resultant electrical loss decreased with increasing impurity concentration at the interface. These results demonstrate the significance of SAB for fabricating tandem solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim : To determine the necessity of chromium supplementation during long-term Home Parenteral Nutrition, HPN, we compared plasma chromium concentrations of HPN patients with those of healthy volunteers, and also measured the chromium contents in several TPN products. Methods : The plasma was obtained from 20 mate healthy volunteers and 10 HPN patients. The concentrations of chromium in plasma and TPN products were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results : Average mean value of plasma chromium in 20 male subjects was 0.184µg/L(95% confidence limits : 0.061~0.654 µg/L). Plasma chromium concentrations in the HPN patients were almost normal range, which were 0.119 to 0.671µg/L. The chromium contents in TPN products was 1.3 to 9.3 µg/2L. Conclusions : One of the reasons why plasma chromium concentration does not decrease during HPN, might be due to chromium contamination in TPN products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]