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Hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS/R) can lead to acute kidney injury, mainly manifested as oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in the renal tubular epithelial cells, as well as abnormal autophagy and apoptosis. Sulforaphane (SFN), an agonist of the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, is involved in multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, autophagy, and apoptosis regulation. This study investigated the effect of SFN on acute kidney injury after HS/R in mice. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in mice by controlling the arterial blood pressure at a range of 35–45 mmHg for 90 min within arterial blood withdrawal. Fluid resuscitation was carried out by reintroducing withdrawn blood and 0.9% NaCl. We found that SFN suppressed the elevation of urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in the blood induced by HS/R. SFN mitigated pathological alterations including swollen renal tubules and renal casts in kidney tissue of HS/R mice. Inflammation levels and oxidative stress were significantly downregulated in mouse kidney tissue after SFN administration. In addition, the kidney tissue of HS/R mice showed high levels of autophagosomes as observed by electron microscopy. However, SFN can further enhance the formation of autophagosomes in the HS/R + SFN group. SFN also increased autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 expression and suppressed P62 expression, while increasing the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and LC3-I (LC3-II/LC3-I). SFN also effectively decreased cleaved caspase-3 level and enhanced the ratio of anti-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma 2 and Bcl2-associated X protein (Bcl2/Bax). Collectively, SFN effectively inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress, enhanced autophagy, thereby reducing HS/R-induced kidney injury and apoptosis levels in mouse kidneys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relatively small number of studies have researched the relationship between sleep duration and suicidal ideation, attempts, and behavior. This research aims to investigate the link between sleep duration and suicide in Chinese adolescents, and to examine the role of depression as a mediating factor. Data were collected from 3315 students using a multi-stage random cluster sampling method and self-administered questionnaires. The study applied logistic regression to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and various forms of suicidal behavior, and mediation analysis to understand how depression might influence this relationship. The average sleep duration among the adolescents was 7.25 h (±0.20), with 59.67 % reporting insufficient sleep. The logistic regression analysis showed that longer sleep duration is linked with lower risks of suicidal ideation (OR: 0.753, 95% CI : 0.696 to 0.814), suicidal attempts (OR: 0.830, 95% CI : 0.748 to 0.922), and suicidal behavior (OR: 0.841, 95% CI : 0.713 to 0.992). Analysis using restricted cubic spline plots indicated the connection between sleep duration and these suicidal factors was not linear. The study found that depression plays a partial mediating role between sleep duration and suicidal ideation, with an effect of 52.29 %. The cross-sectional study design could not prove causation. There is a clear non-linear association between sleep duration and suicidal tendencies in adolescents, with depression acting as a mediator. This suggests that future research could focus on sleep and mood management as ways to address suicide risk in this age group. • Long sleep duration was only positively association with suicidal ideation. • Short sleep duration was positively association with suicidal attempt and suicidal behavior, and long sleep would cause adverse effects. • The study calculated the mediating effect of depression between sleep and suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, organophosphate compounds (OPs) can quickly cause severe injury to the nervous system and death, making it extremely difficult to rescue victims after OP exposure. However, it is quite challenging to construct scavengers that neutralize and eliminate these harmful chemical agents promptly in the blood circulation system. Herein, we report an enzyme-armed biomimetic nanoparticle that enables a 'targeted binding and catalytic degradation' action mechanism designed for highly efficient in vivo detoxification (denoted as 'Nanocleaner'). Specifically, the resulting Nanocleaner is fabricated with polymeric cores camouflaged with a modified red blood cell membrane (RBC membrane) that is inserted with the organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzyme. In such a subtle construct, Nanocleaner inherits abundant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on the surface of the RBC membrane, which can specifically lure and neutralize OPs through biological binding. The OPH enzyme on the membrane surface breaks down toxicants catalytically. The in vitro protective effects of Nanocleaner against methyl paraoxon (MPO)-induced inhibition of AChE activity were validated using both preincubation and competitive regimens. Furthermore, we selected the PC12 neuroendocrine cell line as an experimental model and confirmed the cytoprotective effects of Nanocleaner against MPO. In mice challenged with a lethal dose of MPO, Nanocleaner significantly reduces clinical signs of intoxication, rescues AChE activity and promotes the survival rate of mice challenged with lethal MPO. Overall, these results suggest considerable promise of enzyme-armed Nanocleaner for the highly efficient removal of OPs for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Docetaxel +/− ramucirumab is now frequently used as the standard chemotherapeutic regimen for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression on platinum doublets and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), regardless of the tumor histology. However, these regimens only lead to short-lived disease control with substantial toxicity, and there is an unmet need for more treatment options in this setting. Our study investigated whether the cancer gene mutation status is associated with clinical benefits from docetaxel +/− ramucirumab by analyzing treatment and outcomes by genomic status. We also explored whether platinum/taxane-based regimens offered a better clinical benefit in this patient population. The results of this study showed that the benefit from docetaxel +/− ramucirumab was not dependent on the cancer gene mutation status. Our exploratory analysis also suggested that platinum-/taxane-based regimens could be reasonable alternative treatment options with better efficacy and comparable tolerability. Docetaxel +/− ramucirumab remains the standard-of-care therapy for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression on platinum doublets and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The aim of our study was to investigate whether the cancer gene mutation status was associated with clinical benefits from docetaxel +/− ramucirumab. We also investigated whether platinum/taxane-based regimens offered a better clinical benefit in this patient population. A total of 454 patients were analyzed (docetaxel +/− ramucirumab n = 381 ; platinum/taxane-based regimens n = 73 ). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared among different subpopulations with different cancer gene mutations and between patients who received docetaxel +/− ramucirumab versus platinum/taxane-based regimens. Among patients who received docetaxel +/− ramucirumab, the top mutated cancer genes included TP53 (n = 167) , KRAS (n = 127) , EGFR (n = 65) , STK11 (n = 32) , ERBB2 (HER2) (n = 26) , etc. None of these cancer gene mutations or PD-L1 expression was associated with PFS or OS. Platinum/taxane-based regimens were associated with a significantly longer mQS (13.00 m, 95% Cl: 11.20–14.80 m versus 8.40 m, 95% Cl: 7.12–9.68 m, LogRank P = 0.019 ) than docetaxel +/− ramcirumab. Key prognostic factors including age, histology, and performance status were not different between these two groups. In conclusion, in patients with metastatic NSCLC who have progressed on platinum doublets and ICIs, the clinical benefit from docetaxel +/− ramucirumab is not associated with the cancer gene mutation status. Platinum/taxane-based regimens may offer a superior clinical benefit over docetaxel +/− ramucirumab in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring highly active nanozymes is an important task to realize the real-time detection of some heavy metal ions in water. In this work, yolk–shell Co3S4 microspheres have been verified to possess excellent peroxidase-like activity, which can be further improved by adding Hg2+. Very interestingly, Hg2+ can trigger "ON" the oxidase-like activity of Co3S4 microspheres. The dual peroxidase-/oxidase-like activity of the yolk–shell Co3S4 microspheres is evaluated by using the chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Furthermore, comprehensive studies verify that the enhanced peroxidase-like activity, together with the "ON" oxidase-like activity of the yolk–shell Co3S4 microspheres, is attributed to the in situ generation of HgS on the surface of Co3S4 microspheres and then the release of more active sites. Importantly, the in situ generated HgS on the surface of Co3S4 microspheres can form a heterojunction, which also accelerates the catalytic process. During the catalytic reaction, some active species (O2− and h+) can be detected by ESR. Thus, a colorimetric sensing platform based on Hg2+-triggered signal amplification has been successfully constructed, which can be validated by the detection of Hg2+ residue in environmental water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials are emerging, and their optical parameters urgently need to be acquired experimentally. Most of the reported results come from traditional metrologies used in the past for bulk materials. This unavoidably causes controversy regarding the correctness and accuracy of results, as well as the physical model. Surface/interface plasmon polariton waves are sub‐diffraction‐limited and very sensitive to surroundings. Here, 2D van der Waals materials with metal embodied are presented. Surface/interface exciton‐plasmon polaritons come into being with excitons in 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), which are physically taken as the boundary conditions with complex optical conductivities at the interfaces. Complex optical conductivities of 2D TMDCs are measured by means of interference behavior of surface/interface polariton waves. The size requirement of 2D van der Waals materials becomes relaxed, and complex optical conductivities can be measured for single‐crystalline WS2 and MoS2 monolayers with small sizes. Furthermore, a remarkable capability is manifested by yielding complex optical conductivity of van der Waals heterostructures. The proposed metrology can apply to other newly developed materials with modified underlying physical models, as well as various types of 2D van der Waals materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Secondary amplifications/copy number changes of the gene MET (MET protocol oncogene) play a significant role in the development of resistance to targeted drugs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this review, we aim to clarify the biological mechanisms of MET amplification-mediated resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, discuss the challenges of commonly used assays for the identification of MET amplifications. We also summarize the latest findings on combined strategies to overcome acquired MET amplification-mediated resistance, especially the combinatory regimens with EGFR-TKIs and MET-TKIs. Targeted therapy has emerged as an important pillar for the standard of care in oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which significantly improved outcomes of patients whose tumors harbor oncogenic driver mutations. However, tumors eventually develop resistance to targeted drugs, and mechanisms of resistance can be diverse. MET amplification has been proven to be a driver of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-treated advanced NSCLC with its activation of EGFR, ALK, RET, and ROS-1 alterations. The combined therapy of MET-TKIs and EGFR-TKIs has shown outstanding clinical efficacy in EGFR-mutated NSCLC with secondary MET amplification-mediated resistance in a series of clinical trials. In this review, we aimed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of MET amplification-mediated resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, discuss the ways and challenges in the detection and diagnosis of MET amplifications in patients with metastatic NSCLC, and summarize the recently published clinical data as well as ongoing trials of new combination strategies to overcome MET amplification-mediated TKI resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we develop a linear, unconditionally energy stable computational scheme for solving the dendritic crystal growth model with the orientational field. We apply the phase field model to describe the evolution of crystal with rotation. The model, which couples the heat equation and anisotropic Allen–Cahn type equation, is a complicated nonlinear system. The time integration is based on the second-order Crank–Nicolson method. The anisotropic coefficient is treated by using the invariant energy quadratization. We mathematically prove that the proposed method is unconditionally energy stable. The second-order spatial and temporal accuracy will be preserved for the numerical approximation. Various computational tests are performed to show the accuracy, stability, and efficiency of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This cohort study aimed to assess the associations between sleep duration and quality with the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older Chinese.Methods: We used the 2011 and 2015 surveys of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Nighttime sleep duration was categorized into five groups: ≤4, (4-6], (6-8], (8-10], and >10 h/night. Sleep quality was assessed by restless days in the past week (<1, 1-2, 3-4, and 5-7 days/week). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between sleep duration and quality with incident CKD.Results: A total of 11,339 participants free of CKD at baseline were included in this study. After four years follow-up, the incidence of CKD was 7.8%. There was a "U-shaped" association between sleep duration and risk of CKD. Compared to 6-8 h of nighttime sleep duration, those who slept ≤4 h/night (RR: 1.639, 95% CI: 1.287-2.087) or >10 h/night (RR: 2.342, 95% CI: 1.007-5.451) had increased risk of developing CKD after adjustment for confounders. Participants with 5-7 restless days per week had significantly increased risk of CKD (adjusted RR: 1.686, 95% CI: 1.352-2.102), compared to those who rarely or never had a restless sleep.Conclusions: Extreme nighttime sleep duration and poor sleep quality were associated with increased risk of CKD in middle-aged and older Chinese. Obtaining an optimal nighttime sleep duration and better sleep quality might reduce the risk of CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the association between paediatric obesity and telomere length. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search for original studies assessing the associations between obesity and telomere length in children. Fixed or random effects with inverse‐variance meta‐analysis were used to estimate the standardised mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between overweight or obese and normal‐weight children. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and meta‐regression analyses were used to evaluate the potential source of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was further conducted by sex. Results: A total of 11 studies were included. The meta‐analysis showed that children who were overweight or obese had shorter telomere length than normal‐weight children (SMD: −0.85; 95% CI: −1.42 to −0.28; p < 0.01). However, significant heterogeneity was present (I2 = 97%; p < 0.01). Study design, methods used for measuring telomere length, tissue types, mean age, and percentage of boys were not the source of heterogeneity revealed by meta‐regression analysis. The inverse trend was significant only in boys, but not in girls. Conclusion: There was a negative association between paediatric obesity and telomere length. Weight control in children might have beneficial effect on telomere length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To mitigate carbon emissions from refineries, it is feasible to integrate established technologies such as green hydrogen, green electricity, bio-gas, and bio-oil co-processing into hydrocracking (HC) units. To clarify the contribution of these technologies to carbon reduction in HC units, three scenarios are proposed: Scenario 1 involves coupling green hydrogen and green electricity with HC units; Scenario 2 builds upon Scenario 1 by incorporating bio-gas; and Scenario 3 integrates co-processing technology into Scenario 1. The carbon emissions of the three scenarios are analyzed and compared based on the life cycle concept. The results show that for traditional HC units, carbon emissions at the input reaches 876.98 t/h, with vacuum gas oil and hydrogen constituting the majority at 96.7%. Under Scenario 1, carbon emissions at the input of the HC unit are reduced by 45.44 t/h, whereas Scenario 2 yields a reduction of 52.61 t/h. Remarkably, Scenario 3 achieves a substantial reduction of 272.56 t/h. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that carbon emissions are most sensitive to the bio-oil co-processing ratio and least sensitive to the penetration ratio of green electricity. Therefore, the adoption of co-processing technology is deemed most effective to reduce carbon emissions from HC units. • Three scenarios of HC units integrating renewable energies are proposed for carbon reduction. • Carbon emissions are evaluated based on industrial data using a Chinese carbon factor database. • Emissions from raw materials including VGO and H 2 reach 96.7% of the input streams. • Scenarios of HC with green H 2 /electricity and bio-gas can eliminate the emissions from these utilities. • Scenario of HC with 10% bio-oil co-processing can reduce by 30.2% emission from raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine whether a modified endometriosis fertility index (EFI) can better predict the rate of pregnancy without assisted reproductive technologies (ART) after laparoscopic surgery in infertile Chinese women with endometriosis. Methods: 564 infertile women undergoing laparoscopy for endometriosis were retrospectively collected from January 2014 to December 2018. 472 patients were used to modify the EFI based on new, optimal cutoffs for its predictor variables. The predictive accuracy of the modified EFI was examined in the other 92 patients. Results: Among the patients for the EFI modification, the multivariable Cox regression results showed that historical factors made more contribution in predicting non-ART pregnancy rate than surgical factors both in modified EFI (C-index: historical factors 0.617 vs surgical factors 0.558) and original EFI (C-index: historical factors 0.600 vs surgical factors 0.549). No significant relationship between the prior pregnancy and post-operative non-ART pregnancy rates was detected by both modified EFI and original EFI (p = 0.530 and 0.802, respectively). To assess the predictive effect of modified EFI, the two versions of modified EFI not only had higher predictive accuracy (C-index: 0.627 and 0.632) for non-ART pregnancy rates than that of the original EFI (C-index: 0.602) in the patients undergoing surgery during 2014–2017, but also higher than that of the original EFI (C-index: 0.638 and 0.612 vs 0.560) in the externally validated population in 2018. Conclusions: A modified EFI based on population-specific optimal cutoffs and weights might be more suitable for estimating the rate of non-ART pregnancy after laparoscopic surgery in infertile women with endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treating weak saturated soil foundation by drainage powder jetting pile foundation can not only increase the bearing capacity of the foundation but also accelerate the drainage and consolidation process of the foundation. Having been commonly used in engineering, the plum blossom pile layout scheme is based on the foundation axisymmetric consolidation model (the powder jetting pile is the model center and the drainage board is located at the outer boundary of the model). It adopts reasonable boundary conditions and foundation seepage conditions and the method of pile-soil composite modulus and obtains the expression of the average excess pore water pressure of the composite foundation of the instantaneous loading of the drainage powder jetting pile under the simplified model. Therefore, the average consolidation degree of the foundation is acquired. The expression of the average consolidation degree can comprehensively reflect factors such as pile-soil modulus ratio, displacement ratio, drain spacing ratio, and those which affect the consolidation process of the foundation. The obtained analytical solution is of certain practical application significance for the consolidation settlement calculation of such engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the carbon emissions from the hydrocracking unit in refinery, this work proposes the coupling of bio-oil co-processing technology with green hydrogen and green electricity in the hydrocracking unit. However, the higher costs associated with biomass feedstock, green hydrogen, and green electricity result in an elevated overall cost for this process. To investigate the relationship between economic costs and carbon emissions in the co-processing hydrocracking unit with coupled green hydrogen and green electricity, a multi-objective optimization model is introduced, targeting to minimize total cost and carbon emissions simultaneously. Three scenarios are proposed for better comparison under different objectives: the minimum cost scenario, minimum carbon emissions scenario, and trade-off scenario. The minimum cost scenario incurs a total cost of only 15,494.1 MRMB/y (million Renminbi per year, currency in China), but with a high emission of 5.95 Mt CO 2 /y. The minimum carbon emissions scenario results in costs and emissions of 20,421.9 MRMB/y and 4.97 Mt CO 2 /y, respectively. The trade-off scenario yields cost and carbon emission values of 15,580.9 MRMB/y and 5.76 Mt CO 2 /y. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis reveals that the co-processing ratio of bio-oil has the most substantial influence on the overall process. The proposed model and results provide a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of the co-processing hydrocracking unit. • The co-processing technique, green electricity and hydrogen are integrated in a HC unit. • A multi-objective model is built to reduce cost and carbon emissions simultaneously. • The ε-constraints and evaluation function methods are used to obtain Pareto Fronts and trade-off solution. • Three scenarios of minimum cost, minimum emission and trade-off are proposed. • Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to obtain the most important parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is becoming a major concern among cancer patients, leading to the development of a new field named cardio-oncology. However, previous studies were mainly based on the western population and focused on CVD mortality. Evidence from the Chinese population is limited. Furthermore, few studies investigated the incidence risks of CVD among cancer patients. 85,787 eligible cancer patients were included from Hangzhou city, China. Age-standardized standard incidence ratio (SIR) was used to reflect the incidence risks of CVD among cancer patients as compared with the standard population, which was defined as all residents in Hangzhou city during the same period. After three years of follow-up, cancer patients showed elevated incidence risks of CVD (SIR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.35–1.47) as compared with the standard population. The elevated risks of CVD were highest in the first year after cancer diagnosis (SIR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.58–1.78), then followed by the second (SIR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11–1.31) and the third (SIR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.07–1.29) year. These results were consistent in males and females. Furthermore, different risks of CVD were observed among different cancer sites. Patients with pancreatic cancer showed the highest risks of CVD, then followed by liver cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer. Cancer patients have increased incidence risks of CVD, especially in the first year after cancer diagnosis. The increased risks of CVD vary by different cancer sites. Our findings highlight the importance of paying close attention to the CVD risks among cancer patients. • Evidence for incidence risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in cancer patients from the Chinese population is limited. • Cancer patients have increased risks of CVD than the general population, especially in the first year after diagnosis. • Our findings highlight the importance of paying close attention to the CVD risks in cancer patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-phase mixtures organized by ionic liquids (ILs) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) are green systems for creation and purification of fine chemicals and natural products. Owing to the very low vapor pressure of ILs, the mixture of supercritical CO 2 (ScCO 2 ) and IL has asymmetrical solubility, which is special for engineering application. However, due to the high viscosity of IL and the large density difference between IL and ScCO 2 , they are difficult to well mix in common chemical engineering equipment. To intensify the contact of ScCO 2 and IL, we proposed a micromixing technique to disperse ScCO 2 into a representative IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Emim][BF 4 ]) as sub-millimeter scaled bubbles. The results showed that 0.3–1.2 mm average diameter’s ScCO 2 bubbles were cut ruptured by the continuous [Emim][BF 4 ] phase in a 0.75 mm inner diameter T-junction connector. To further investigate the bubble generation law, the viscosity of CO 2 saturated [Emim][BF 4 ] was determined at different temperatures and pressures. The trend of size variation exhibited that the bubbles were generated from dripping flow at Ca  < 0.05, but from jetting flow at Ca  > 0.05. In addition, the normalized bubble diameters fit well with the two-phase microflow models obtained at atmosphere pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the association of interleukin (IL)-6 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a Chinese population. Methods: Two subtypes of the IL-6 promoter (-174 and -572 G/C) were genotyped in 215 T2D patients with PDR and 207 T2D patients with a normal retinal function (controls) using the PCR-RFLP method. The mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 was examined by real-time PCR. Results: T2D patients with PDR had a significantly higher frequency of IL-6 -174 GC (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.34-0.99; p = 0.011) and IL-6 -572 GG (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.24-1.14; p = 0.016) than T2D controls. The mRNA expressions of the rs1800795 GC and rs1800796 GG genotype were significantly increased compared to other cases (Fsig = 0.002, p = 0.001, respectively), followed by a relative increase in IL-6 in protein. Conclusions: IL-6 genotypes of rs1800795 GC and rs1800796 GG might point to a relatively high risk for T2D patients suffering from PDR in a Chinese population and they were associated with elevation of IL-6 expression in both mRNA and protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the interrupting process of a three-phase vacuum interrupter, there exists a transverse magnetic field (TMF) in the interelectrode region, which is produced by adjacent phases. The deflection of the vacuum arc caused by TMF will affect the interrupting process of vacuum circuit breakers. In this paper, the vacuum arc characteristics considering the action of TMF produced by adjacent phases is simulated based on a steady 2-D asymmetrical magnetohydrodynamic model. The simulation results show that the vacuum arc will swing around and is especially obvious at the smaller current moments near current-zero during one ac half-cycle, because of the changed direction of TMF produced by adjacent phases. This kind of swing phenomena can also be observed in the electrode erosion of unsuccessful interruption. At the moments near current-zero, axial magnetic field is relatively weaker, while TMF generated by adjacent phases is relatively stronger, therefore, the offset phenomenon of plasma parameters is more significant. Compared with smaller diameter electrode arc, larger diameter electrode has larger arc deflection distance, while its value of plasma parameters is much smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited research has simultaneously examined the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), short sleep duration, and depressive symptoms among middle-aged or older Chinese adults. This study aims to investigate the association between ACEs and later-life depressive symptoms, and to examine the mediating role of short sleep duration (<6 h/night) in this association. Data of 11,452 participants aged ≥45 years were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Information on ACEs, depressive symptoms, and sleep duration were reported via questionnaires. The mediating effect of short sleep duration in the association between ACEs and depressive symptoms was examined by Baron and Kenny's causal steps method and Karlson/Holm/Breen (KHB) method. Compared to non-exposed group, exposure to ACEs was significantly associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms in a dose-response pattern. The odds ratio of depressive symptoms increased from 1.27 (95 % CI: 1.11–1.46) for one ACE to 3.38 (95 % CI: 2.92–3.90) for ≥4 ACEs. The KHB method identified significant mediating role of short sleep duration in the association between experiencing three or more ACEs and depressive symptoms, with the proportional mediation estimated at 8.96 % and 8.85 % for the groups with 3 ACEs and ≥4 ACEs, respectively. The results were consistent across genders and gender did not moderate these associations. The cross-sectional design limited the ability to make causal inference. ACEs were positively associated with depressive symptoms, and short sleep duration partially mediated this association. Promoting optimal sleep duration among ACE-exposed individuals might improve their mental health. • Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with depressive symptoms in later life. • Short sleep duration is a mediator in the association between ACEs and later-life depressive symptoms. • These association and mediation effects appear to be similar between women and men. • Universal interventions are necessary for individuals with experiences of ACEs, irrespective of their genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The impact of comorbid depression and obesity on the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity was assessed in a cohort study. • Participants with both depression and obesity had the highest risk of incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity. • Interventions targeting at this high-risk group may be beneficial to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. To evaluate the association of comorbid depression and obesity with the risk of incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. This cohort study extracted data from the 2011 and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Depression was confirmed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) with a cut-off score ≥10. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥28 kg/m2. Participants were categorized into four groups based on depression and obesity status at baseline, i.e., with neither condition, depression only, obesity only, and with both conditions. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of two or more of heart diseases, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression models were established to estimate the associations. A total of 9,308 participants without cardiometabolic multimorbidity at baseline were included (mean [SD] age, 58.8 [9.0] years; 4,449 [47.8%] were males). During four-year of follow-up, 349 (3.8%) participants developed cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Compared to participants without depression or obesity, comorbid depression and obesity was associated with greater risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (adjusted OR: 4.79, 95% CI: 3.09–7.43) than that in participants with depression alone (adjusted OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.37–2.46) or obesity alone (adjusted OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.48–3.45). The findings were consistent in different gender and age groups. Comorbid depression and obesity was associated with excessive risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Intervention targeting at individuals with both depression and obesity might have substantial benefit in minimizing the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the interfacial tension and wetting properties of [Emim][BF 4 ] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) in CO 2 were measured at pressures from 0.1 to 15.0 MPa and temperatures between 308.15 and 343.15 K. Economical modifications of the commercial interfacial apparatus were implemented to pre-saturate the [Emim][BF 4 ] phase by CO 2 for the measurement of interfacial tension and production of small sessile droplets for contact angle measurements. The interfacial tension was found to be mainly dependent on CO 2 solubility in the [Emim][BF 4 ] phase, and a linear fitting equation was proposed. The contact angles of the [Emim][BF 4 ] phase on quartz, 316L stainless steel, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in CO 2 atmosphere were analyzed to predict the interfacial tension differences between CO 2 /solid and IL/solid phases. The reduction of interfacial tension difference was caused by increased CO 2 solubility in the [Emim][BF 4 ] phase at low pressure for quartz and 316L stainless steel dense solids. The polymer PTFE material behaved very differently, being susceptible to swelling in compressed CO 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metal-loaded graphene surface plasmon waveguide composed of a thin silica layer sandwiched between a graphene layer and a metal stripe is proposed and the waveguiding properties in the THz regime are numerically investigated. The results show that the fundamental mode of the proposed waveguide is tightly confined in the middle silica layer with an acceptable propagation loss. Compared with most other graphene waveguides proposed in the literature, the realization of this waveguide does not need to pattern or deform the graphene layer, thus retaining the superior properties of bulk graphene material. The tight modal confinement and the ease of fabrication suggest the high potential use of this waveguide in high-density THz photonic integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To provide anatomical data to help identify and locate the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) precisely during endoscopic procedures. Method: We dissected 15 adult cadaver heads, which provided 30 specimens, to study morphological characteristics, courses, and several types of variations. Results: We found the average diameter of the AEA to be 0.80 � 0.24 mm. In 85.7% of the cases, the artery was seen between the second and third lamella. Other locations were over the roof of the frontal recess cells (10.7%) and the roof of the posterior ethmoid sinus (3.6%). The AEA ran parallel to the ethmoid roof and formed a slight curve. When viewed from the superior side, the angle formed by the long axis of the artery and the lamina papyracea was 60.5 degrees � 16.4 degrees. In 83.3% of the cases, the anterior ethmoidal canal (AEC) was identified as a separate canal, and in 16.7% the canal was embedded in the ethmoid roof. In 10 of the 30 cases (33.3%), the AEC presented some degree of dehiscence. Conclusion: As a result of these dissections, we found that the AEA's course in the ethmoid roof varies. The morphological characteristics—that the AEA runs parallel to the ethmoid roof, forming a slight posterolateral to anteromedial curve as it passes from the orbit to the cribriform plate—are the most reliable factors used to identify the artery during surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambient air pollution exposure was associated with an increased risk of incident cancer, but few previous studies have focused on the associations between ambient air pollution and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Thus, our goal is to examine whether exposure to ambient air pollution in Hangzhou, which includes sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and inhalable particles (PM10), will have an impact the risk of incident cancer. We collected data on daily ambient air pollution data, climate, and daily incidence of NPC in Hangzhou from Jan 1, 2013, to Dec 31, 2022. We applied a generalized additive model (GAM) based on the Poisson distribution to investigate the effect of ambient air pollution on the risk of incident NPC. The effects of ambient air pollution exposure on NPC were also discussed in subgroups by age, gender, region, and season. A total of 3121 NPC incident cases were included during the study period. We discovered that the risk of incident NPC was increased by 0.75% (95% CI: 0.01–1.58), 0.36% (95% CI: 0.03–0.69), and 0.14% (95% CI: 0.01–0.28) for every 1 μg/m3 increase in the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM10, respectively. These pollutants continued to have a substantial impact on the risk of incident NPC even after controlling for other ambient air pollutants. A noteworthy affirmative connection was a significant positive correlation between SO2 and NPC in male, warm season, urban areas, and elderly subgroups. In contrast to SO2, there was a significant positive correlation between PM10 and NPC in female, warm season, rural areas, non-elderly, and elderly subgroups. The association between NO2 and NPC was significantly positively correlated in male, female, rural areas, and elderly subgroups. In conclusion, our study's findings demonstrated that exposure to airborne SO2, NO2, and PM10 can negatively impact the risk of incident NPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and vision loss. Since irreversible neurodegeneration occurs before diagnosable, early diagnosis and effective neuroprotection are critical for glaucoma management. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are demonstrated to be potential novel biomarkers and therapeutics for a variety of diseases. In this study, it is found that intravitreal injection of circulating plasma‐derived sEVs (PDEV) from glaucoma patients ameliorated retinal degeneration in chronic ocular hypertension (COH) mice. Moreover, it is found that PDEV‐miR‐29s are significantly upregulated in glaucoma patients and are associated with visual field defects in progressed glaucoma. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro experiments are conducted to investigate the possible function of miR‐29s in RGC pathophysiology. It is showed that the overexpression of miR‐29b‐3p effectively prevents RGC degeneration in COH mice and promotes the neuronal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Interestingly, engineered sEVs with sufficient miR‐29b‐3p delivery exhibit more effective RGC protection and neuronal differentiation efficiency. Thus, elevated PDEV‐miR‐29s may imply systemic regulation to prevent RGC degeneration in glaucoma patients. This study provides new insights into PDEV‐based glaucoma diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regeneration of smooth muscle with physiological functions has been a key challenge in vascular tissue engineering. Hyaluronan (HA), as a major component of the extracellular matrix, plays a vital role in regulating tissue injury and repair. In this study, a biomimetic vascular graft was prepared by co-electrospinning of synthetic degradable polymers and native ECM components including collagen type-I as well as low and high molecular weight HA (LMW HA and HMW HA). Upon implantation in the rat abdominal aorta, the grafts exhibited sustained HA release that effectively enhanced the regeneration of vascular smooth muscle. Besides, LMW HA loaded vascular grafts demonstrated rapid endothelialization compared to the other groups. More importantly, HA-loaded poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) grafts demonstrated an optimal vascular media layer accompanied by well-organized elastin fibers after long-term implantation (6 months), and they maintained potent physiological function up to 1/3 that of the native artery. In contrast, inadequate smooth muscle regeneration was observed in poly(ε-caprolactone) grafts due to slow degradation restricting the regeneration. The mechanism was further investigated and explained by the HA-induced migration of smooth muscle cell (SMC) via CD44-mediated signaling. Besides, low molecular weight HA can promote the migration of vascular progenitor cells that further differentiate into SMCs. These results highlight the importance of HA in the regeneration of functional vascular smooth muscle, and provide a new insight into the fabrication of tissue engineering vascular grafts (TEVGs) via combining rapidly degradable polymers and bioactive ECM components that hold great translational potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prognostic significance of TP53 concurrent mutations in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)- mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or ALK-TKIs based targeted therapy remains controversial. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between TP53 concurrent mutations and prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing EGFR-TKIs or ALK-TKIs treatments.Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching the online databases PubMed, Embase, Medline, The Cochrane library and Web of Science. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to clarify the correlation between TP53 mutation status and prognosis of patients. This meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.Results: In total, 15 studies with 1342 patients were included for final analysis. Overall, concurrent TP53 mutation was associated with unfavorable progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.59-2.23, p < 0.001, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.792) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.55-2.38, p < 0.001, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.515). Subgroup analysis based on type of targeted therapy (EGFR-TKIs or ALK-TKIs, pathological type of cancer (adenocarcinoma only or all NSCLC subtypes) and line of treatment (first-line only or all lines) all showed that TP53 mutations was associated with shorter survivals of patients with EGFR-TKIs or ALK-TKIs treatments. Particularly, in patients with first-line EGFR-TKIs treatment, significantly poorer prognosis was observed in patients with TP53 concurrent mutations (pooled HR for PFS: 1.69, 95% CI 1.25-2.27, P < 0.001, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.473; pooled HR for OS: 1.94, 95% CI 1.36-2.76, P < 0.001, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.484). Begg's funnel plots and Egger's tests indicated no significant publication bias in this study.Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that concurrent TP53 mutations was a negative prognostic factor and associated with poorer outcomes of patients with EGFR-TKIs or ALK-TKIs treatments in advanced NSCLC. In addition, our study provided evidence that TP53 mutations might be involved in primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs treatments in patients with sensitive EGFR mutations in advanced NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The railway fastener, as a crucial component of railway tracks, directly influences the safety and stability of a railway system. However, in practical operation, fasteners are often in low-light conditions, such as at nighttime or within tunnels, posing significant challenges to defect detection equipment and limiting its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. To address this issue, this study proposes an unsupervised low-light image enhancement algorithm, CES-GAN, which achieves the model's generalization and adaptability under different environmental conditions. The CES-GAN network architecture adopts a U-Net model with five layers of downsampling and upsampling structures as the generator, incorporating both global and local discriminators to help the generator to preserve image details and textures during the reconstruction process, thus enhancing the realism and intricacy of the enhanced images. The combination of the feature-consistency loss, contrastive learning loss, and illumination loss functions in the generator structure, along with the discriminator loss function in the discriminator structure, collectively promotes the clarity, realism, and illumination consistency of the images, thereby improving the quality and usability of low-light images. Through the CES-GAN algorithm, this study provides reliable visual support for railway construction sites and ensures the stable operation and accurate operation of fastener identification equipment in complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet addiction (IA) has emerged as a recognized risk factor associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents. However, the role of sleep disturbance in this association remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of IA with HRQOL in Chinese adolescents and to evaluate the potential mediating role of sleep disturbance. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents attending six randomly selected middle schools in Guangzhou, China. Adolescents self-reported their internet use using the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire. HRQOL and sleep disturbance were assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to assess the association between IA and HRQOL. Baron and Kenny's causal steps method was used to examine the possible mediating role of sleep disturbance. Of the 6473 adolescents included, 23.5% had maladaptive internet use (MIU) and 16.6% had pathological internet use (PIU). Compared to adolescents with adaptive internet use (AIU), those with IA had significantly lower scores across all HRQOL dimensions and summary scales. Mediation analysis revealed that sleep disturbance was a significant mediator. Specifically, sleep disturbance mediated 34.55% of the effects of MIU and 34.06% of the effects of PIU on the HRQOL total scale score , respectively. IA was associated with poorer HRQOL, indicating the needs of preventing IA in Chinese adolescents. Additionally, our findings underscored the importance of enhancing sleep quality to mitigate the adverse impact of IA on adolescents' well-being. • Internet addiction (IA) is linked to poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Chinese adolescents. • Sleep disturbance partially mediates the association between IA and HRQOL. • Targeted interventions addressing IA and sleep disturbances may offer potential benefits for adolescents' HRQOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The reduction and fixation of Medial humeral calcar is difficult in the treatment of elderly proximal humerus Neer 3 and 4-part fractures with a single lateral locking plate. Our study investigated the efficacy of an intramedullary calcar supporting plate combined with a lateral locking plate for the treatment of 3- and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly through a deltoid splitting approach. Methods: From June 2022 to December 2022, we treated six elderly patients with Neer 3 and 4-part fractures using proximal humeral intramedullary calcar support plate in combination with lateral locking plate through a deltoid splitting approach. Follow-up time was 6–12 months. Assessment indicators included fracture union, quality of reduction, and complication rate. The Constant-Murley score was used to record shoulder function at 6 months postoperatively. Results: All 6 patients showed fracture union and anatomic reduction. Constant-Murley score was 79.5 (70–90) at 6 months postoperatively. There was no incision non-healing, internal fixation failure, bone non-union or surgical site infection, secondary surgery, or death. Shoulder impingement occurred in 1 case. Conclusion: Proximal humeral intramedullary calcar support plate combined with lateral locking plate fixation through a deltoid splitting approach can effectively maintain fracture reduction, prevent inversion collapse of humeral head and internal fixation failure, and provide satisfactory clinical results at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Existing research suggests that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) may promote endogenous bone repair. This may be through the secretion of factors that stimulate repair processes or directly through differentiation into osteoblast-progenitor cells. However, the osteogenic potential of BMSCs varies among different tissue sources (e.g., mandibular versus long BMSCs). The main aim of this study was to investigate the difference in osteogenic differentiation capacity between mandibular BMSCs (mBMSCs) and tibial BMSCs (tBMSCs). Materials and Methods: Bioinformatics analysis of the GSE81430 dataset taken from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was performed using GEO2R. BMSCs were isolated from mandibular and tibial bone marrow tissue samples. Healthy pigs (n = 3) (registered at the State Office for Nature, Environment, and Consumer Protection, North Rhine-Westphalia (LANUV) 81-02.04.2020.A215) were used for this purpose. Cell morphology and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated in mBMSCs and tBMSCs. The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot (WB), respectively. In addition, mBMSC-derived extracellular vesicles (mBMSC-EVs) were gained and used as osteogenic stimuli for tBMSCs. Cell morphology and osteogenic differentiation capacity were assessed after mBMSC-EV stimulation. Results: Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the difference in the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway was more pronounced compared to all other examined genes. Specifically, this demonstrated significant downregulation, whereas only 5–7 upregulated genes displayed significant variances. The mBMSC group showed stronger osteogenic differentiation capacity compared to the tBMSC group, confirmed via ALP, ARS, and von Kossa staining. Furthermore, qPCR and WB analysis revealed a significant decrease in the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the mBMSC group compared to the tBMSC group (TLR4 fold changes: mBMSCs vs. tBMSCs p < 0.05; NF-κB fold changes: mBMSCs vs. tBMSCs p < 0.05). The osteogenic differentiation capacity was enhanced, and qPCR and WB analysis revealed a significant decrease in the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in the tBMSC group with mBMSC-EVs added compared to tBMSCs alone (TLR4 fold changes: p < 0.05; NF-κB fold changes: p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that mBMSC-EVs can promote the osteogenic differentiation of tBMSCs in vitro. The results also provide insights into the osteogenic mechanism of mBMSCs via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. This discovery promises a fresh perspective on the treatment of bone fractures or malunions, potentially offering a novel therapeutic method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on an individual's health is substantial. However, the associations between ACEs, problematic internet use (PIU), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents remain underexplored. Objective: To assess the association between ACEs and HRQOL in Chinese adolescents and to evaluate the mediating role of PIU in this association. Method: A sample of 6,639 adolescents (3,457 boys and 3,182 girls) aged between 11–20 years (mean [SD] age: 14.5 [1.6] years) were recruited from 6 junior and senior middle schools using a proportional sampling approach in a cross-sectional study. Data on ACE exposure was collected through the short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the ACE-International Questionnaire, and two additional questions. HRQOL was assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0. The associations between ACEs and HRQOL were estimated using linear regression models. Mediation analysis was further conducted to explore the possible mediating role of PIU in the association between ACEs and HRQOL. Results: Our study collected 13 different ACEs. We found that adolescents exposed to any ACE had significantly lower scores in all HRQOL dimensions, psychosocial health summary scale, and total scale, than those without such exposure. Specifically, adolescents with ≥ 3 ACE exposure had a total scale score that was 14.70 (95%CI: 15.53 to 13.87) points lower than their non-exposed counterparts. Mediation analysis identified PIU as a significant mediator, with the proportion of the total effect attributable to PIU ranging from 14.38% for social functioning to 17.44% for physical functioning. Conclusions: Exposure to ACEs was associated with poorer HRQOL in Chinese adolescents, underscoring the importance to prevent ACEs and their negative impacts on adolescent well-being. These findings also highlighted the need of promoting appropriate internet use among adolescents exposed to ACEs, in order to avert potential impairment in their HRQOL. HIGHLIGHTS Adolescents with adverse childhood experiences have poorer health-related quality of life. The association between adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life shows a dose–response pattern. Problematic internet use partially mediates the associations between adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To examine the associations of the independent and combined healthy lifestyle factors with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents, and to test the moderating role of gender. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5125 adolescents aged between 11 and 20 years. They provided self-reported data on six healthy lifestyle factors, including never smoking, never drinking, good sleep quality, sufficient sleep duration, appropriate Internet use, and adequate physical activity. Adolescents' HRQOL was evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0. Linear regression models were conducted to explore the association of individual and combined healthy lifestyle factors with adolescents' HRQOL. We further performed stratified analyses and likelihood ratio test to explore the moderating role of gender in these associations. Results: Of the included adolescents, the proportions with 0–2, 3, 4, and 5–6 healthy lifestyle factors were 13.6%, 26.4%, 44.3%, and 15.7%, respectively. Compared to adolescents with composite healthy lifestyle scores of 0–2, those with scores of 3, 4, or 5–6 had significantly higher HRQOL scores across all dimensions, summary scales, and total scale in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Specifically, adolescents with 5–6 healthy lifestyle factors had a total scale score that was 19.03 (95%CI: 17.76 to 20.30) points higher than their counterparts who only had 0–2 healthy lifestyle factors. Significant dose-response patterns were also observed in aforementioned associations. Gender was a significant moderator in the associations between composite healthy lifestyle groups and HRQOL scores, except for the social functioning dimension. Conclusions: Our results confirmed that combined healthy lifestyle factors were associated with improved HRQOL among adolescents, with a stronger association observed in girls. These findings underscore the necessity for education and healthcare authorities to design health-promoting strategies that encourage multiple healthy lifestyle factors in adolescents, with the objective of enhancing their overall health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of metal nanocrystals (NCs) has been confirmed to improve electrical uniformity of oxide-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices significantly; however, the current reports do not systematically elucidate the relationship between the size/distribution of NCs and the electrical uniformity of RRAM devices. In this paper, we focused on the impact of metal NCs size and areal density on the resistive switching (RS) performances of oxide RRAM by atomic layer deposition (ALD) based on the experimental results and theoretical calculation. The dependence of ALD cycles of 50–130 during Pt or CoPtx NCs growth on the RS parameters of Al2O3 or HfO2 memory units has been evaluated systematically. The RRAM embedded Pt or CoPtx NCs shows the trends: with increasing ALD cycles, the forming voltage, set/reset voltage, the resistance in off and on state, and ${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}/{R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ ratio entirely first decrease, then flatten, and increase later with a minimum value at about 100 cycles. Although all metal NCs with various sizes enhance the electric field strength compared to at the planar region, only metal NCs with proper NCs size and areal density (9 nm/6– $10\times 10^{\textsf {11}}$ /cm2 in this paper) can effectively produce stronger localized electric field at the tip of metal NCs, leading to optimal RS behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene can be utilized in designing tunable terahertz (THz) devices due to its tunability of sheet conductivity, suffering however with weak light-graphene interactions. In this paper, an absorption enhancement in graphene using a Fabry-Perot resonator is presented, and its performance has been numerically investigated using finite element method. The Fabry-Perot resonator consists of a continuous layer of graphene film sandwiched between the polymethyl methacrylate and silicon layers on an Au substrate which is covered by periodic gold ribbons. Numerical results show that the absorption performance is significantly enhanced by use of the Fabry-Perot resonator and a narrow band perfect absorption is achieved in THz regime. The influence of structural parameters on the absorption performance is further analyzed, and the absorption peak frequency can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the chemical potential of graphene which could be conveniently achieved by applying a bias voltage. The proposed structure here has a promising potential for developing advanced THz optics-electronics devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in cardiovascular system, and the sustained release of NO by endothelial cells plays a vital role in maintaining patency and homeostasis. In contrast, lack of endogenous NO in artificial blood vessel is believed to be the main cause of thrombus formation. In this study, enzyme prodrug therapy (EPT) technique was employed to construct a functional vascular graft by immobilization of galactosidase on the graft surface. The enzyme-functionalized grafts exhibited excellent catalytic property in decomposition of the exogenously administrated NO prodrug. Localized and on-demand release of NO was demonstrated by in vitro release assay and fluorescent probe tracing in an ex vivo model. The immobilized enzyme retained catalytic property even after subcutaneous implantation of the grafts for one month. The functional vascular grafts were implanted into the rat abdominal aorta with a 1-month monitoring period. Results showed effective inhibition of thrombus formation in vivo and enhancement of vascular tissue regeneration and remodeling on the grafts. Thus, we create an enzyme-functionalized vascular graft that can catalyze prodrug to release NO locally and sustainably, indicating that this approach may be useful to develop new cell-free vascular grafts for treatment of vascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic and mutagenic. Among them, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated metabolite that seriously poses threats to human health and safety, so there is a need to construct an efficient and sensitive detection system for AFM1. In this study, an analytical method was established for ultra-sensitive determination of AFM1 in food based on dendritic hybridization chain reaction (HCR) dual-amplification. The prepared carboxylated silica was modified with AFM1 antibody, dendritic (S) chain and initiator (H0) chain as fluorescent probes, the whole AFM1 antigen was coated on the microplate, and the antibody on the fluorescent probes competed with the AFM1 standard for binding to the whole antigen. Then the fluorescence response value of the supernatant was measured, which displayed a good linear relationship with the standard concentration. The detection range was 10 pg/mL to 10 μg/mL, and the limit of detection was 5.41 fg/mL, which was in line with the limit value of China's national standard. In addition, the spiked recovery rate was between 84.77 % and 115.70 %. The method developed in this study displays an increase of three orders of magnitude in comparison with indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA), in the detection of AFM1, showing ultra-high sensitivity, which satisfies the needs of AFM1 analysis and detection in food. This biosensing method also has reference value for the detection of other toxins in food. • A signal amplification technique based on dendritic hybrid DNA was developed. • An efficient and ultra-sensitive method for AFM1 detection was developed. • The LOD of this method is three orders of magnitude lower than that of ic-ELISA. • The biosensing method has reference value for the detection of other toxins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic framework play an important role in developing novel detection techniques. Herein, an ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework nanosheet (Cu-TCPP) assembled microflower was successfully synthesized and applied for ultrasensitive detection. The high detection performance of Cu-TCPP microflower was attributed to high-capacity aptamer adsorption and specific desorption resulting from numerous approachable active sites, and its ultrathin nanosheets microflower-like structure. Moreover, the Cu-TCPP microflower had overcame the disadvantages of 2D MOF nanosheets which tended to agglomerate. Moreover, it exhibited excellent fluorescence quenching performance as a donor for fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Acetamiprid, a new chloronicotinic neurotoxic insecticide was used as the model analyte. The ultrasensitive sensor was developed by combining the Cu-TCPP microflower with deoxyribonuclease Ⅰ signal enhanced fluorescence. When acetamiprid was present, the fluorescent labeled aptamer probe was selectively bound to acetamiprid and desorbed from the Cu-TCPP microflower, resulting in fluorescence recovery. Subsequently, DNase Ⅰ was used to cleave the DNA strands of the aptamer probe, and acetamiprid was released to participate in a new cycle. The detection limit of the assay was as low as 5.56 pg/mL with a linear range 50.00 pg/mL∼5.00 μg/mL, and it was a universal platform to detect other analytes. [Display omitted] • The Cu-TCPP microflower was synthetized with superior active sites and FRET performance. • The Cu-TCPP microflower and DNase I assisted amplification was combined for ultrasensitive aptasensor. • The aptasensor for sensitive and selective detection of acetamiprid with LOD 5.56 pg/mL and linear range 50 ∼ 5,000,000 pg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has great potential for the analysis of molecules adsorbed on metals with rough surfaces or substrates with micro−/nanostructures. Plasmonic coupling between metal nanoparticles and the morphology of the rough metal surface can produce "hot spots" that enhance Raman scattering by adsorbed molecules, typically at micro- to nanomolar concentrations, although high enhancement factors can also facilitate single-molecule detection. This phenomenon is widely applicable for chemical analysis and sensing in various fields. In this review, the latest research progress on SERS micro−/nanosensors is evaluated, and the sensors are classified according to their individual functions. Furthermore, the design principles and working mechanisms of reported SERS-active micro−/nanostructured substrates are analyzed, and the design features adopted to overcome the difficulties associated with precision detection are explored. Finally, challenges and directions for future development in this field are discussed. This review serves as a design guide for novel SERS-active substrates. [Display omitted] • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is suitable for ultrasensitive analysis. • Raman scattering of molecules is enhanced by substrates with micro−/nanostructures. • Owing to high enhancement factors, single-molecule detection can be achieved. • The performance, design principles, and mechanisms of recent systems are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient capture of multi-pollutant residues in food is vital for food safety monitoring. In this study, in-situ-fabricated magnetic MIL-53(Al) metal organic frameworks (MOFs), with good magnetic responsiveness, were synthesized and applied for the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of chloramphenicol, bisphenol A, estradiol, and diethylstilbestrol. Terephthalic acid (H2BDC) organic ligands were pre-coupled on the surface of amino-Fe3O4 composites (H2BDC@Fe3O4). Fe3O4@MIL-53(Al) MOF was fabricated by in-situ hydrothermal polymerization of H2BDC, Al (NO3)3, and H2BDC@Fe3O4. This approach highly increased the stability of the material. The magnetic Fe3O4@MIL-53(Al) MOF-based MSPE was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detection, to establish a novel sensitive method for analyzing multi-pollutant residues in milk. This method showed good linear correlations, in the range of 0.05–5.00 μg/mL, with good reproducibility. The limit of detection was 0.004–0.108 μg/mL. The presented method was verified using a milk sample, spiked with four pollutants, which enabled high-throughput detection and the accuracies of 88.17–107.58% confirmed its applicability, in real sample analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A speckle Ag-doped core–shell nanohybrids (Ag@CSNH) was developed as dual-mode probe. • A facile naked-eye and the fluorescence dual-mode immunosensor was developed. • The immunosensor was used for detection of OTA with LOD 0.9921 pg/mL. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potent carcinogen, and is among the most dangerous mycotoxins in agricultural products. In this study, an ultrasensitive dual-mode immunosensor was developed for naked-eye and fluorescence detection of OTA based on Ag-doped core–shell nanohybrids (Ag@CSNH). Complete antigen-labeled Ag@CSNH (CA-Ag@CSNH) were used as a competitive bind and dual-mode probe. The diffused doping structure of CA-Ag@CSNH provided improved stability, color and fluorescence quencher performance. Antibodies modified magnetic beads were used as a capture probe. The competitive binding between OTA and CA-Ag@CSNH produced both color change and fluorescence quenching. Ultraviolet and fluorescence intensitie correlated linearly with OTA concentration ranges of 0.03–3 ng/mL and 10–10000 pg/mL, and limits of detection of 0.0235 ng/mL and 0.9921 pg/mL, respectively. The practical applicability of proposed strategy was demonstrated by analysis of OTA in spiked corn, soybean and flour samples. This study offers a new insight on multi-mode platforms for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer‐related death among all human cancers and the five‐year survival rates are only 23%. The precise molecular mechanisms of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and validate the key genes with prognostic value in lung tumorigenesis. Methods: Four GEO datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape software and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) were utilized to PPI network to pick out meaningful DEGs. Hub genes, filtered from the CytoHubba, were validated using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database. The expressions and prognostic values of hub genes were carried out through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan‐Meier plotter. Finally, quantitative PCR and the Oncomine database were used to verify the differences in the expression of hub genes in lung cancer cells and tissues. Results: A total of 121 DEGs (49 upregulated and 72 downregulated) were identified from four datasets. The PPI network was established with 121 nodes and 588 protein pairs. Finally, AURKA, KIAA0101, CDC20, MKI67, CHEK1, HJURP, and OIP5 were selected by Cytohubba, and they all correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in NSCLC. Conclusion: The results showed that AURKA, KIAA0101, CDC20, MKI67, CHEK1, HJURP, and OIP5 may be critical genes in the development and prognosis of NSCLC. Key points: Our results indicated that AURKA, KIAA0101, CDC20, MKI67, CHEK1, HJURP, and OIP5 may be critical genes in the development and prognosis of NSCLC. Our methods showed a new way to explore the key genes in cancer development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexagonal-structure Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 (MTO) powders doped by 0.25 at% RE (RE = La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3 +, Yb3+, Lu3+, Y3+, Sc3+) were synthesized. All the rare earth-doped samples were checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and confirmed to be monophasic powders. Among them, Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 doped by 0.25 at% Gd3+ and Sc3+ had higher X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) emission peak intensities, 3.05 and 2.79 times of MTO, respectively. The optimal concentrations of Gd3+ and Sc3+ were investigated based on XEL main emission peak intensity changing with the amount of dopants in the range of 0∼1.0 at%. The optimal XEL emission peak intensities were measured 3.32 and 3.09 times of MTO for MTO: 0.8 at% Gd3+ and MTO: 0.4 at% Sc3+, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) emission peaks at around 370 nm correspond to two excitation peaks at 158 and 215 nm. The excitation peak at 158 nm is about 10 times more than that of at 215 nm in intensity. The emission spectra excited by vacuum ultraviolet light at 158 nm and ultraviolet light at 215 nm were investigated associated with scintillation emission mechanism. MTO: 0.8 at% Gd3+ and MTO: 0.4 at% Sc3+ show potential application in security inspection, industrial detection, etc. • Single-phase Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 : 0.25 at% RE (RE = La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3 +, Yb3+, Lu3+, Y3+, Sc3+) samples were synthesized. • Single-phase Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 : x at% M (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0; M = Gd3+, Sc3+) samples were synthesized. • MTO: 0.8 at% Gd3+ among MTO: x at% Gd3+ and MTO: 0.4 at% Sc3+ among MTO: x at% Sc3+ have the highest excitation peaks at 158 and 215 nm. • MTO: 0.8 at% Gd3+ and MTO: 0.4 at% Sc3+ have highest relative main XEL emission peak intensities of 3.27 and 3.09 times of MTO, respectively. • The scintillation emission mechanism of improving XEL properties of Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 scintillators by rare-earth doping is thoroughly analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen removal is often limited in municipal wastewater treatment due to the lack of sufficient carbon source. Utilizing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation broth as a carbon source is an ideal alternative to reduce the cost for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and improve denitrification efficiency simultaneously. In this study, an anaerobic system was applied for simultaneous denitrification and WAS fermentation and the addition of magnetic microparticles (MMP) were confirmed to enhance both denitrification and WAS fermentation. Firstly, the addition of MMP increased the nitrate reduction rate by over 25.36% and improve the production of N 2. Additionally, the equivalent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the detected VFAs increased by 7.06%–14.53%, suggesting that MMP promoted the WAS fermentation. The electron transfer efficiency of denitrifies was accelerated by MMP via electron-transporting system (ETS) activity and cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments, which might result in the promotional denitrification and WAS fermentation performance. Furthermore, the high-throughput sequencing displayed that, MMP enriched key microbes capable of degrading the complex organics (Chloroflexi, Synergistota and Spirochaetota) as well as the typical denitrifies (Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17 and Denitratisoma). Therefore, this study provides a novel strategy to realize simultaneous WAS utilization and denitrification for WWTPs. • Magnetic microparticle (MMP) enhanced nitrate reduction in anaerobic conditions. • Acetate production was promoted in the presence of MMP. • MMP enhanced the denitrification using VFAs as carbon source. • Electron transfer efficiency in denitrification system was accelerated by MMP. • The bacterial for fermentation and denitrification were enriched with MMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble metal nanoparticles have been demonstrated by a huge application prospect for photodetector (PD) due to their unique and tunable optical properties. Herein, a simple strategy is presented by a combination of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and broadband photoresponse cadmium selenide nanobelts (CdSe NBs) to get ultrasensitive, broadband photoresponse (300–720 nm) and tunable photoresponse PD. Concretely, the Au NPs are fabricated on CdSe NBs via ion sputtering and annealing, and the morphology of Au NPs is systematically adjusted by simply tuning the sputter time from 60 to 140 s. Compared with the pure CdSe NB PD, the Au NPs hybrid CdSe NB PD exhibits a high responsivity, especially in the range of 525–575 nm with low light intensity (enhancement of ≈2894% at 550 nm with 79.6 μW cm−2). The response time of the hybrid PD is decreased substantially from 0.8 to 0.2 ms. More importantly, the hybrid PD possesses a tunable absorption in the range of 538–580 nm, which is benefited from tunable plasmon resonance of Au NPs. These results are confirmed by the theoretical simulation. It is believed that this strategy offers new opportunities to design ultrasensitive, broadband spectra, and tunable wavelength PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introduced the PD-1 therapeutic mechanism and pharmacokinetics. • Summarized the main clinical trials that about Nivolumab treatment. • Discussed the function of potential predicted biomarkers in NSCLC immunotherapy. • Explored the research direction of immunotherapy in future. In recent years, immunotherapy has become an innovative technology for cancer therapy with the discovery of immunological checkpoints. It has shown great potential in a variety of advanced cancer treatments. Particularly, significant progress has been achieved in the understanding of programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/ PD-L1) pathway. Nivolumab, a human immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 PD-1 monoclonal antibody, was the first PD-1 inhibitor approved in the treatment of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nivolumab has become a mainstay of first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic NSCLC without targetable genetic alterations. However, there are some questions in clinic that lacking of identifying biomarkers to predict the PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibition response. In this review, we summarize the results from recent clinical trials that have evaluated the nivolumab as first- or second- line treatment as monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy and other immunotherapies. Also, we discuss the function of potential predicted biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden in cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 :x at % M (M = Hf4+, Zr4+, W6+, Mo6+; x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) with single phase were synthesized via the conventional solid-state reactions in air. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light excited spectra and X-rays excited luminescence (XEL). Structural characterization and Rietveld refinement show that more than 60% of 5 at % Hf4+, Zr4+, W6+ and Mo6+ doped ions enter into the Ta sites and less than 40% ions into the Mg(1) and Mg(2) sites. They can be excited efficiently by VUV light at 160 nm, and emit wide UV-A or blue light at 355∼458 nm depending on the doping ion and its concentration. XEL spectra and decay time data indicate that Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 :1 at % Hf4+ has excellent X-ray excited scintillation performance typically with light yield of 13469 ph/MeV and decay time of 5.28 μs. Thus, it has potential application in optical conversion devices and security inspection. Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 :x at % M (M = Hf4+, Zr4+, W6+, Mo6+; x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) with single phase were synthesized via the conventional solid-state reactions in air. The SEM images of MTO: Hf4+ with the corresponding elemental EDX analysis indicate that the powder shape is irregular and the elements of Mg, Ta, O and Hf disperse homogeneously on the particles. The VUV light excited and X-ray excited luminescence performance indicate it has potential application in optical conversion devices and security inspection. [Display omitted] • Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 : x at% M (M = Hf4+, Zr4+, W6+, Mo6+; x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) powders were synthesized. • The photoluminescence, X-ray excited radio-luminescence and decay times are characterized. • MTO doped by 2 at % Hf4+ / Zr4+ and 1 at % W6+ / Mo6+ have the decay time of 5.28 μs, 5.60 μs, 3.70 μs, 4.16 μs, respectively. • The main excitation peak of photoluminescence is at 160 nm instead of about 220 nm reported. • Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 :1 at % Hf4+ has excellent X-ray excited scintillation performance typically with light yield 13469 ph/MeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-biosensors are of great significance for the analysis and detection of important biological targets. Surprisingly, the CRISPR-Cas12a system not only provides us with excellent gene editing capabilities, it also plays an important role in biosensing due to its high base resolution and high levels of sensitivity. However, most CRISPR-Cas12a-based sensors are limited by their recognition and output modes, are therefore only utilized for the detection of nucleic acids using fluorescence as an output signal. In the present study, we further explored the potential application of CRISPR-Cas12a and developed a CRISPR-Cas12a-based fluorescence/colorimetric biosensor (UCNPs-Cas12a/hydrogel-MOF-Cas12a) that provides an efficient targeting system for small molecules and protein targets. These two sensors yield multiple types of signal outputs by converting the target molecule into a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) signal input system using aptamers, amplifying the DNA signal by catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA), and then combining CRISPR-Cas12a with various nanomaterials. UCNPs-Cas12a/hydrogel-MOF-Cas12a exhibited prominent sensitivity and stability for the detection of estradiol (E2) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and was successfully applied for the detection of these targets in milk and serum samples. A major advantage of the hydrogel-MOF-Cas12a system is that the signal output can be observed directly. When combined with aptamers and nanomaterials, CRISPR-Cas12a can be used to target multiple targets, with a diverse array of signal outputs. Our findings create a foundation for the development of CRISPR-Cas12a-based technologies for application in the fields of food safety, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnosis. [Display omitted] • CRISPR-Cas12a and nanomaterials were combined for ultrasensitive detection. • CHA, CRISPR-Cas12a and 2D-MOF achieved triple sensitization. • Aptamers, CHA and crRNA can be designed to detect different targets. • UCNPs-Cas12a and hydrogel-MOF-Cas12a provide intuitive and reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CaO 2 assisted microwave irradiation pretreatment reduced the crystallinity of straw. • Pretreatment increased the humus content by 25.79%. • Firmicutes became the most dominant bacteria with CaO 2 pretreatment. • Pretreatment improves the metabolic intensity related to humus synthesis. • Determine the correlation between dominant genus and humus by redundancy analysis. In this study, the effects of four pretreatment methods on the crystallinity of maize straw were compared, and the CaO 2 assisted microwave pretreatment was selected for straw and dairy manure composting. The humification and microbial community were investigated. Results showed that the pretreatment increased the initial water-soluble carbon, which favored the microbial activity, and the CO 2 release increased by 15.71%. Pretreatment promoted the lignocellulose degradation, with total degradation ratio of 37.06%. The final humic acid content was 11.39 g/kg higher than the control. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that polyphenols and amino acids were significantly related to humus formation. In addition, pretreatment rendered the Firmicutes the most dominant phylum, and increased the metabolic intensity of reducing sugar metabolism, aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and carbon fixation pathways. Redundancy analysis revealed that the dominant genus of Firmicutes was significantly positively correlated with humus, while that of Actinobacteriota was correlated with CO 2 release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems exhibit significant potential in developing biosensing technology due to their collateral cleavage capabilities. Herein, we introduced the collateral cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas14a to activate DNA hydrogel for ultrasensitive detection of the myocardial infarction biomarker creatine kinase MB (CK-MB). In this strategy, the designed CRISPR/Cas14a system can be activated by introducing complementary DNA (cDNA) derived from competitive dissociation and exponential amplification (EXPAR), which is positively correlated with creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) concentration. Then the activated Cas14a protein can be utilized to indiscriminately cleave the DNA hydrogel cross-linker strand, leading to the degradation of the gel matrix and thus releasing the pre-encapsulated PtNPs/Cu-TCPP(Fe). PtNPs/Cu-TCPP(Fe) can trigger the TMB reaction, leading to an increase in absorbance value at 450 nm, thus enabling the quantitative detection of CK-MB. The proposed strategy combines CRISPR/Cas14a with DNA hydrogel for the first time, improving the programmability of DNA hydrogel and providing a reliable, sensitive, and versatile detection platform for trace non-nucleic acid targets. • A DNA hydrogel biosensor that combined EXPAR with CRISPR/Cas14a to enable ultrasensitive detection of CK-MB. • The assay was characterized by reliable results, high sensitivity, and allows for improved programmability. • This proposed method had been certified to be feasible for the detection of serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]