Clinical Benefit from Docetaxel +/− Ramucirumab Is Not Associated with Mutation Status in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Who Progressed on Platinum Doublets and Immunotherapy.

Simple Summary: Docetaxel +/− ramucirumab is now frequently used as the standard chemotherapeutic regimen for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression on platinum doublets and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), regardless of the tumor histology. However, these regimens only lead to short-lived disease control with substantial toxicity, and there is an unmet need for more treatment options in this setting. Our study investigated whether the cancer gene mutation status is associated with clinical benefits from docetaxel +/− ramucirumab by analyzing treatment and outcomes by genomic status. We also explored whether platinum/taxane-based regimens offered a better clinical benefit in this patient population. The results of this study showed that the benefit from docetaxel +/− ramucirumab was not dependent on the cancer gene mutation status. Our exploratory analysis also suggested that platinum-/taxane-based regimens could be reasonable alternative treatment options with better efficacy and comparable tolerability. Docetaxel +/− ramucirumab remains the standard-of-care therapy for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression on platinum doublets and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The aim of our study was to investigate whether the cancer gene mutation status was associated with clinical benefits from docetaxel +/− ramucirumab. We also investigated whether platinum/taxane-based regimens offered a better clinical benefit in this patient population. A total of 454 patients were analyzed (docetaxel +/− ramucirumab n = 381 ; platinum/taxane-based regimens n = 73 ). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared among different subpopulations with different cancer gene mutations and between patients who received docetaxel +/− ramucirumab versus platinum/taxane-based regimens. Among patients who received docetaxel +/− ramucirumab, the top mutated cancer genes included TP53 (n = 167) , KRAS (n = 127) , EGFR (n = 65) , STK11 (n = 32) , ERBB2 (HER2) (n = 26) , etc. None of these cancer gene mutations or PD-L1 expression was associated with PFS or OS. Platinum/taxane-based regimens were associated with a significantly longer mQS (13.00 m, 95% Cl: 11.20–14.80 m versus 8.40 m, 95% Cl: 7.12–9.68 m, LogRank P = 0.019 ) than docetaxel +/− ramcirumab. Key prognostic factors including age, histology, and performance status were not different between these two groups. In conclusion, in patients with metastatic NSCLC who have progressed on platinum doublets and ICIs, the clinical benefit from docetaxel +/− ramucirumab is not associated with the cancer gene mutation status. Platinum/taxane-based regimens may offer a superior clinical benefit over docetaxel +/− ramucirumab in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]