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Drinking alcohol in excess is associated with deleterious health outcomes, highlighting the need for research to identify potentially modifiable correlates of excessive alcohol consumption to target in behavioral interventions. The present two‐wave prospective correlational study applied an integrated theoretical model that included theory of planned behavior constructs alongside habit, cue consistency, affective attitudes, and past behavior as predictors of two alcohol‐related behaviors, drinking within safe limits and regular alcohol drinking, in separate samples of Australian undergraduate students (total N = 474). Structural equation models identified direct effects of habit, affective attitude, and subjective norms on intention for both behaviors. Habit at follow‐up, cue consistency, and past behavior directly predicted behavior in both samples, whereas intention predicted behavior only for drinking within safe limits, and affective attitude only predicted behavior for regular drinking. Cue consistency moderated the effects of habit on behavior for both behaviors and moderated the effect of past behavior on regular drinking. Results corroborate past behavior and habit as key correlates of behavior and provide preliminary evidence of the importance of integrating cue consistency, a defining characteristic of habit, as a moderator of habit and past behavior effects an integrated theory test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of e‐cigarette or vape devices is a growing concern on an international scale, given the devices' addictive nature and questions regarding their short‐ and long‐term health impacts. Their use is especially an issue in young people, many of whom have little or no previous nicotine use experience. This study tested an integrated dual process model in 363 young Australian undergraduates where prospectively measured e‐cigarette use was predicted by the psychological constructs of the theory of planned behavior, supplemented with risk perception, e‐cigarette dependence, habit, and implicit attitude. Intention to use an e‐cigarette was predicted by affective attitude, subjective norm, and e‐cigarette dependance, but not instrumental attitude, perceived behavioral control, or risk perception. E‐cigarette use was predicted by e‐cigarette dependance, intention, habit, implicit attitude, and previous nicotine use, although perceived behavioral control did not directly predict behavior nor moderate the intention–behavior relationship. Current findings provide evidence for important psychological predictors of e‐cigarette use, signposting potential intervention targets. Specifically, interventions may benefit from using strategies that tap affective or normative beliefs alongside automatic constructs and dependence, while focusing less on beliefs about the health impacts of e‐cigarettes or control over using. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurons are central to lifelong learning and memory, but ageing disrupts their morphology and function, leading to cognitive decline. Although epigenetic mechanisms are known to play crucial roles in learning and memory, neuron-specific genome-wide epigenetic maps into old age remain scarce, often being limited to whole-brain homogenates and confounded by glial cells. Here, we mapped H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 in mouse neurons across their lifespan. This revealed stable H3K4me3 and global losses of H3K27ac and H3K27me3 into old age. We observed patterns of synaptic function gene deactivation, regulated through the loss of the active mark H3K27ac, but not H3K4me3. Alongside this, embryonic development loci lost repressive H3K27me3 in old age. This suggests a loss of a highly refined neuronal cellular identity linked to global chromatin reconfiguration. Collectively, these findings indicate a key role for epigenetic regulation in neurons that is inextricably linked with ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth delivery of psychological care services expanded to meet the needs of people with cancer. This study examined psychologists' attitudes toward using telehealth during the pandemic peak in a tertiary oncology hospital. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten psychologists who used telehealth to deliver psychological services. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes in the interview data. Themes identified: (1) increased uptake and attendance of psychology sessions was due to greater accessibility of services; (2) clinicians reported ease of communication and building of rapport when using telehealth; and (3) clinicians perceived differences in the psychotherapeutic process when sessions were delivered via telehealth compared to in-person. Clinicians expressed high satisfaction with delivering telehealth psychological support for oncology patients. Implications for Psychosocial Providers: Oncology services that are considering developing or expanding a telehealth psychology service can facilitate this by ensuring a reliable technological platform and providing training and/or support to staff and patients. Clinicians should also use their clinical judgment to decide if a patient is appropriate for telehealth-delivered psychological care or if a mix of modalities is more ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior performed in the presence of consistent cues is a core element for successful habit development, with the repeated presence of consistent cues facilitating the activation of automatic responses in future. Yet, little is known about the effects of different cue types on habit. Using a two-wave prospective PLS-SEM model with a sample of 68 undergraduate students, we assessed the mediating effects of habit on the past-behavior-to-physical-activity relationship, and how the mediating effects of habit were moderated by the consistent presence of different forms of cues. Habit mediated the effects of past behavior on physical activity, with a significantly stronger mediating effect of habit in those reporting undertaking physical activity at the same time of day, doing the same activity, and in the same mood. Consistent place, people, and part of routine did not moderate the effects of habit. The results provide formative evidence for a key assertion of the habit theory that consistent contextual and internal cues are a cornerstone of habitual development and action, but they also indicate the importance of examining different forms of cues and their impact on the formation and enaction of habits as some cues may be more relevant than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed Methods Results Conclusions So What? The implementation of quick response (QR) code check‐in compliance behaviour during the COVID‐19 pandemic featured in infection control strategies in several global jurisdictions, but was of particular interest in the Australian context, where it became mandated on a nationwide scale. We aimed to identify the salient beliefs people hold toward complying with the QR code check‐in using a Theory of Planned Behaviour belief‐based framework.An elicitation study using open‐ended questions (Queensland; N = 93, Mage = 4.77 years, SD = 13.62 and Victoria; N = 76, Mage = 44.92 years, SD = 11.63) and a prospective correlational study using a two‐wave online survey (Queensland; N = 290, Mage = 38.99, 46.6% female and Victoria; N = 290, Mage = 38.27, 53.4% female) were conducted.Qualitative data were coded through an iterative content analysis, while quantitative data were analysed using linear multiple regression. Behavioural, normative and control beliefs were associated with intention and behaviour in both samples. Variation in beliefs across the states also were observed.Across both samples, beliefs in positive outcomes consistently exhibited stronger associations with both intention and behaviour than the reported negative outcomes. Distinct differences emerged between the two samples in terms of regression effects.Results indicate individual experience may affect the beliefs which guide behaviour, supporting the potential efficacy of health promotion campaigns tapping into context specific beliefs and experiences if QR code check‐in is to be implemented as an infection control measure in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Subjective norm was the most consistent predictor of risky e-scooter use. • Attitude was a strong predictor of willingness to use an e-scooter after drinking. • Knowledge of e-scooter laws had little effect on willingness to engage in risky use. • Males were more willing to take risks on e-scooters. • Results may help inform behavior change campaigns to reduce risky e-scooter use. The misuse of electronic scooters (e-scooters), particularly among young adults, is increasingly being linked to hospital admissions and injuries in cities across the globe. Yet, despite growing concern about dangerous e-scooter use, there remains a dearth of research on the determinants of engaging in risky behaviors while using an e-scooter. A sample of 262 Australian undergraduate students completed measures relating to the theory of planned behavior, risk perceptions, and knowledge of laws in the context of three e-scooter risk behaviors: riding over the speed limit on footpaths, riding without a helmet, and riding after consuming alcohol, as well as a risk identity implicit association test. Participants then recorded their willingness to engage in each of the three behaviors. The model predicted a modest portion of variance in willingness to engage in each of the three e-scooter risk behaviors. Subjective norm predicted all behaviors, while attitude, risk perceptions, and perceived behavioral control each predicted two of the three behaviors. Gender had a significant total effect on willingness for each behavior, partially mediated by the theory of planned behavior constructs, while knowledge of laws had minimal effects and only on helmet use. Social cognition factors show promise in explaining willingness to engage in dangerous e-scooter use and may provide an important formative basis for future research and behavior change interventions to reduce such risky behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australia, checking in while entering venues was a legal requirement during the COVID-19 pandemic to track potential infection sites. This two-wave correlational study used an integrated theory of planned behavior model including moral norms, anticipated regret, and habit to predict check-in compliance in a sample of 181 Victorians (Mean Age = 41.88, 56.4% female) and 162 Queenslanders (Mean Age = 43.26, 47.5% female). Habit and intention predicted behavior, while perceived behavioral control did not. Intention was predicted by baseline habit, attitude, subjective norm, and moral norm in the Victorian sample, while only baseline habit and moral norm predicted intention in the Queensland sample. This study has potential implications for reviewing previous strategies and for future pandemic preparedness, both by identifying the drivers of infection control compliance, and through the discussion of how differences in effects between states may be linked to each state's experience of the pandemic (e.g. infection rates, lockdown length). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a consensus that the increasingly large number of LEO debris objects represents a major threat to both active and defunct satellites and that means a potential runaway collisional cascading. This problem urgently demands to be addressed immediately, since the number of satellites in LEO is also dramatically increasing. Many active space debris removal programs have been proposed and those based on using laser from space appear to be really promising, taking into account that one of the most challenging issues from the orbital standpoint is to guarantee the appropriate accuracy for the laser beams that are shot from space-based LEO trackers. In this work, we propose how to build up space-based laser brooms consisting of a significant number of autonomous LEO trackers aimed at performing surgical local shooting actions to deflect the most dangerous middle-size debris objects into the Atmosphere by means of laser ablation. The precision of these brooms lies in the use of the post-Newtonian equations for the computation of absolute and relative positions and velocities, as well as ranges. • Improving accuracy in JCA methods is an issue to remove LEO debris by laser actions. • Implementing p-N corrections is necessary to accurately carry out surgical actions. • Trackers with orbital inclinations larger than 90° may sweep the surrounding space. • Using a laser broom is an efficient and safe method to achieve the goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juan Pérez de Pineda (ca. 1500–1567) was one of Spain's most prolific reformers, and yet theological analysis of his work often dismisses the originality of his corpus. This article returns to Pérez's two primary theological treatises to reconsider Pérez's relationship to Neoplatonism by examining Pérez's vision of mystical union in the context of consolation narratives. Pérez published his Brief Treatise of Doctrine and Consolatory Epistle from exile in Geneva, in the same year his colleagues were executed in the notorious autos-de-fe often credited with eradicating Protestantism from Spain. Taken together, these works reveal Pérez's ambivalence towards Neoplatonic imagery, adapting and rejecting language of ascent in his description of mystical union as a present reality, unimpeded by the flesh. Noting a curious absence of Neoplatonic strategies common across humanist, mystical, and Reformed traditions, Pérez's unique rejection of language of purification of the soul is poised to grant insight, with future study, into the intersections and transformations of Reformation theology in the Spanish milieux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPoints of interestTo date, there is a scarcity of research in Iran exploring disabled women’s sport and exercise experiences. However, it is evident that widespread challenges exist for disabled people to participate in daily life on an equal basis to their non-disabled counterparts. Using 16 interviews, our research aimed to explore the intersecting identities of disability and gender in Iranian women’s sport and exercise participation, using Goffman’s theory of stigma and the social model of disability. Our findings suggest numerous environmental barriers to participation. As traditional gender beliefs still prevail in Iran, this often created a ‘double disadvantage’ for women. Both enacted and affiliate stigma were highlighted by interviewees, with negative perceptions around disability internalised, resulting in self-exclusion from sport and exercise spaces and disempowering elements to their participation. This research adds to the literature on sport/exercise and disability, focusing on Iranian women’s voices which are largely absent from the current literature.Prevalence of disability is considered high in Iran, with perceptions of under-reporting, particularly for women and girls.In Iran, disability is often classed as a negative, with widespread discrimination and stigma apparent.The aim of this study was to consider the barriers to sport and physical activity participation in Iran amongst physically disabled women, using semi-structured interviews.Using Goffman’s theory of stigma, this research found a range of barriers to disabled women’s sport and exercise participation, including environmental obstacles and societal attitudes.Discrimination and negative perceptions were internalised by some women, often leading to their self-exclusion from sport and exercise.Prevalence of disability is considered high in Iran, with perceptions of under-reporting, particularly for women and girls.In Iran, disability is often classed as a negative, with widespread discrimination and stigma apparent.The aim of this study was to consider the barriers to sport and physical activity participation in Iran amongst physically disabled women, using semi-structured interviews.Using Goffman’s theory of stigma, this research found a range of barriers to disabled women’s sport and exercise participation, including environmental obstacles and societal attitudes.Discrimination and negative perceptions were internalised by some women, often leading to their self-exclusion from sport and exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthostatic tremor is a rare movement disorder characterized by a sensation of unsteadiness and leg tremor while standing. It has been hypothesized that the disorder is attributable to dysregulation of a central oscillatory network in the brain. This putative network includes primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, thalamus, and pontine tegmentum. We studied this brain network by recording resting-state functional MRI data from individuals with orthostatic tremor. For each participant, we measured resting-state functional connectivity using a seed-based approach. Regions of interest included were components of the putative central oscillatory network and a primary motor thumb region (identified via transcranial magnetic stimulation). A non-central oscillatory network region of interest—posterior cingulate cortex—was included for comparative analysis of a well-characterized intrinsic network, the default mode network. Demographic information, medical history, and tremor characteristics were collected to test associations with functional connectivity. For normative context, data from the 1000 Functional Connectomes Project were analyzed using an identical approach. We observed that tremor and demographic variables were correlated with functional connectivity of central oscillatory network components. Furthermore, relative to healthy comparison participants, patients with orthostatic tremor exhibited qualitatively different patterns of cerebellar resting state functional connectivity. Our study enhances the current understanding of brain network differences related to orthostatic tremor and is consistent with a hypothesized selective decoupling of cerebellum. Additionally, associations observed between functional connectivity and factors including medical history and tremor features may suggest targets for treatment of orthostatic tremor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To adequately evaluate the corticospinal and spinal plasticity in health and disease, it is essential to understand whether and to what extent the corticospinal and spinal responses fluctuate systematically across multiple measurements. Thus, in this study, we examined the session-to-session variability of corticospinal excitability for the ankle dorsiflexor tibialis anterior (TA) in people with and without incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). In neurologically normal participants, the following measures were obtained across 4 days at the same time of day (N = 13) or 4 sessions over a 12-h period (N = 9, at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00): maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), maximum M-wave and H-reflex (Mmax and Hmax), motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, and silent period (SP) after MEP. In participants with chronic incomplete SCI (N = 17), the same measures were obtained across 4 days. We found no clear diurnal variation in the spinal and corticospinal excitability of the TA in individuals with no known neurological conditions, and no systematic changes in any experimental measures of spinal and corticospinal excitability across four measurement days in individuals with or without SCI. Overall, mean deviations across four sessions remained in a range of 5–13% for all measures in participants with or without SCI. The study shows the limited extent of non-systematic session-to-session variability in the TA corticospinal excitability in individuals with and without chronic incomplete SCI, supporting the utility of corticospinal and spinal excitability measures in mechanistic investigation of neuromodulation interventions. The information provided through this study may serve as the reference in evaluating corticospinal plasticity across multiple experimental sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Container deposit schemes are often hailed as a useful avenue to increase consumer recycling rates. Yet, there is little research investigating within-person changes in people's beliefs and behavior following the implementation of these schemes, or tests of the mechanisms by which such change has occurred. Methods: The current study fills this knowledge gap and assessed container recycling behavior and habits as well as the social cognition factors of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions in a sample of 90 Queenslanders before the implementation of the container deposit scheme and one and three months post-implementation. Results: Analysis of variance indicated more frequent recycling behavior following the implementation of the scheme, as well as stronger habits, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Conclusions: Such a concomitant change in behavior, beliefs, and habits provides support for behavior change theory, while also flagging potential targets for strategies that can be paired with container deposit schemes to enhance their efficacy and uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the most common conditions presenting to the ED and patients often require hospitalisation. Emerging evidence suggests early diagnosis and administration of diuretics are associated with improved patient outcomes. Currently, there is limited literature on the management of AHF in the Australian ED context. Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive AHF presentations to the ED in a metropolitan hospital. Patient demographics, clinical status and management were assessed including timeliness of diuretics administration and association with outcomes including ED length of stay (LOS) and inpatient mortality using linear regression. Results: One hundred and ninety‐one presentations (median age 81 years, 50.8% male) were identified. Common cardiovascular comorbidities were prevalent. Fifty‐four patients (28.3%) had ≥1 clinical high‐risk feature at presentation. The median time from presentation to furosemide administration was 187 min (interquartile range 97–279 min); only 35 patients received diuretics within 60 min of presentation. Early diuretics was associated with shorter ED LOS (246 min vs 275 min, P = 0.03) and a lower but non‐significant inpatient mortality (4.9% vs 6.3%, P = 0.21) and a non‐significant increased rate of discharge home from ED (8.6% vs 4.7%, P = 0.15). The likelihood of discharge home was significantly more pronounced in patients receiving early diuretics without clinical high‐risk features (16.7% vs 4.3%, P = 0.028). Conclusion: Despite symptoms and signs being well recognised at presentation, time to diuretics was relatively long. Early diuretics administration was associated with improved patient outcomes, particularly in clinically more stable patients. Due to the limitations of the study design, results should be interpreted with caution and warrant further research to identify factors that delay timely administration of diuretics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study applied the theory of reasoned goal pursuit (TRGP) in predicting physical activity among Australian undergraduate students, providing the first empirical test of the model.Methods: The research comprised an elicitation study (N = 25; MAge= 25.76, SDAge= 11.33, 20 female, 5 male) to identify readily accessible procurement and approval goal beliefs and behavioural, normative, and control beliefs; and, a two-wave prospective online survey study (N = 109; MAge = 21.88, SDAge = 7.04, 63 female, 46 male) to test the tenets of the TRGP in relation to meeting World Health Organization physical activity guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic among first year university students.Results: A linear PLS-SEM model displayed good fit-to-data, predicting 38%, 74%, and 48% of the variance in motivation, intention, and physical activity, respectively. The model supported the majority of hypothesised pattern of effects among theory constructs; in particular, the proposition that beliefs corresponding to procurement and approval goals would be more consequential to people's motivation and, thus, their intentions and behaviour, than other behavioural and normative beliefs, respectively.Conclusions: Results lend support for the TRGP and sets the agenda for future research to systematically test the proposed direct, indirect, and moderation effects for different health behaviours, populations, and contexts. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2022.2026946. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the relationship between autonomous motivation and impulsive processes has been acknowledged in the context of physical activity, the directionality of this relationship is not clearly understood. The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to investigate such relationships due to the fact that contextual changes brought about by government restrictions (e.g., stay at home orders, indoor gymnasium closures) may have influenced people's physical activity habits and motivation. The purpose of this study was to therefore investigate the bi-directional relationships between physical activity and previously established correlates: autonomous motivation, implicit attitudes, and habit. A sample of university students completed measures that assessed autonomous motivation, implicit attitude, habit and behaviors towards meeting physical activity guidelines each week during the coronavirus period at two time points, two weeks apart in a cross-lagged panel design. Path analysis found a significant reciprocal relationship between habits and autonomous motivation. There were no significant reciprocal relationships between autonomous motivation and implicit attitude, or with any study constructs and behavior. Current findings provide important preliminary formative evidence of associations between autonomous motivation and impulsive behavioral correlates, indicating a bi-directional relationship between autonomous motivation and physical activity habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The democratic and agentic social meanings of jazz and improvisation have been widely understood in relation to US history; however, performing jazz musicians' everyday experiences cannot necessarily be understood in the same way. Performing in jazz ensembles is a complicated experience, one in which musical roles are negotiated, restricted, or liberated, sometimes in the course of performance as a form of improvisation and at other times in the rehearsal work that surrounds such events. As such, the everyday experience of a musician's career can significantly affect the social encoding of appropriate musical performance practices associated with the instrument and its role in the ensemble. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted with jazz double bass players in Australia, this article uses this global location as a case study to explore the social expectations that affect the musical practices of bass players when working as accompanists. The article examines this side-person role, its benefits, pitfalls, and practical realities, suggesting that the relationship between the musical practices, ensemble hierarchies, and social meanings of jazz and improvisation is contingent on context. I argue that what governs the way the bass players in this case study perform is a duality of economic imperative and creative desire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The virtual world has transformed sport and leisure spaces, including how we communicate and interact with others globally. Despite the positives of social media, it is also a space which may facilitate hate, abuse, discrimination, and gender-based violence. In this study, women strength sport athletes' experiences and perceptions of gender-based violence through the enactment of Virtual Manhood Acts (VMAs) are explored, using interviews with thirteen competitive women athletes. Findings reveal that VMAs are used to regulate gender norms and ideologies, promote misogyny, and endorse a hierarchical gender order. In addition, women experience appearance-related commentary and gender questioning, which arguably reduces their worth to their appearance, with expectations of conformity to the "male gaze." Finally, VMAs are targeted towards women through accusations of steroid use and through criticism of form and technique, reinforcing strength sports as a male-domain and marginalising women's achievements. While previous research has analysed the existence of VMAs online, in this study the importance of considering women's perceptions of VMAs, and the wider impact they can have, is further considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mounting evidence shows the risk of COVID‐19 on perinatal outcomes, as well as the safety and efficacy of vaccination during pregnancy. However, little is known about vaccine uptake among pregnant women in Australia, including women who are culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD), and about sources of information pregnant women use when making decisions about vaccines. We aimed to determine the proportion of pregnant women who had been vaccinated and to identify factors associated with vaccine uptake or decline during pregnancy. Method: A cross‐sectional, anonymous, online survey was conducted from October 2021 to January 2022 in two metropolitan hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Results: Of 914 pregnant women, 406 (44%) did not speak English at home. Overall, 101 (11%) received a vaccine prepregnancy and 699 (76%) during pregnancy. In the nonvaccinated cohort, 87 (76%) declined vaccination during pregnancy. The uptake was more than 87% among women during pregnancy who received information from government or health professional websites but 37% when received from personal blogs. The main reasons for vaccine uptake were (1) hearing that COVID‐19 affects pregnant women, (2) being concerned about the COVID‐19 outbreak, and (3) receiving vaccine recommendation from a general practitioner. In a multivariable logistic regression, three main factors associated with declining or feeling unsure about vaccination were (1) concerns about the safety of the COVID‐19 vaccine, (2) lack of trust and being unsatisfied with the information received about COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy, and (3) doubting the importance of COVID‐19 vaccine. Conclusion: Clinicians play a critical role in counseling women to alleviate vaccine fear, support vaccine acceptance, and direct women to use reliable information sources, such as government and professional healthcare organizations, for information about vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intersectoral processes that bring together public institutions, civil society organizations and affected community members are essential to tackling complex health equity challenges. While conventional wisdom points to the importance of human relationships in fostering collaboration, there is a lack of practical guidance on how to do intersectoral work in ways that support authentic relationship-building and mitigate power differentials among people with diverse experiences and roles. This article presents the results of RentSafe EquIP, a community-based participatory research initiative conducted in Owen Sound, Canada, in the midst of a housing crisis. The research explored the potential utility of equity-focused intersectoral practice (EquIP), a novel approach that invests in human relationships and knowledge co-creation among professionals and affected members of the community. The three-phase EquIP methodology centred the grounded expertise of community members with lived/living experience of housing inadequacy to catalyze reflexive thinking by people in professional roles about the institutional gaps and barriers that prevent effective intersectoral response to housing-related inequities. The research demonstrated that EquIP can support agency professionals and community members to (i) engage in (re)problematization to redefine the problem statement to better include upstream drivers of inequity, (ii) support reflexivity among those in professional roles to identify institutional practices, policies and norms that perpetuate stigma and impede effective intersectoral response and (iii) spark individual and collective agency and commitment towards a more equity-focused intersectoral system. We conclude that the EquIP methodology is a promising approach for communities seeking to address persistent health equity and social justice challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we draw on cultural cisgenderism to analyse the sporting experiences of trans men in Iran. Utilising semi-structured interviews with twelve trans men in different stages of transition, we consider their experiences of women's sport environments, the extent to which cisnormativity is embedded into the culture, and whether their gender identities are accepted. We found that essentialist understandings of sex and gender are evident in sport environments, with gender presentation policed by others, and expectations this should align with ascribed biological sex. While some interviewees' masculine expressions were valued, others were considered 'too masculine' to be eligible to participate in women's sport spaces; this led to restrictions around appearance and clothing, alongside instances of compulsory hormone testing. Finally, for those who were 'out' about their gender identity, this often led to hostility from others, including coaches, teammates, and spectators. Overall, this paper provides a critical understanding of trans inclusion in sport spaces in Iran. However, the findings may be useful for anyone working to make sport more accessible, regardless of geographical location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we consider the sport experiences (as a form of active leisure) of Afghan women migrants and refugees who reside in Iran. In line with previous leisure constraint models, we theorised that constraints may impact current ‘leisure participants’; therefore, in this study, nine second-generation women were interviewed who were active in sport at the time of the data collection. The interviews aimed to explore the extent to which socio-cultural constraints to sport participation exist, with a particular focus on gender norms and how these may be constrictive to full access and enjoyment of sport spaces. A reflexive thematic analysis was used to create themes from the data set and three findings are presented here. Firstly, gender-based constraints largely deriving from family and culture are explored. Next, resource-based constraints of time and finances are outlined from a gendered perspective. Finally, racist and discriminatory behaviours from others demonstrate the intersectionality of gender and ‘race’, impacting women migrants’ and refugees’ sporting experiences. While sport has the potential to facilitate greater feelings of belonging amongst migrants and refugees, we argue that more needs to be done to consider the complex constraints impacting women, to ensure greater inclusion in sport spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periadolescence is a neurodevelopmental period characterized by structural and functional brain changes that are associated with cognitive maturation. The development of the functional connectivity of the hippocampus contributes to cognitive maturation, especially memory processes. Notably, hippocampal development is influenced by lifestyle factors, including physical activity. Physical activity has been associated with individual variability in hippocampal functional connectivity. However, this relationship has not been characterized in a developmental cohort. In this study, we aimed to fill this gap by investigating the relationship between physical activity and the functional connectivity of the hippocampus in a cohort of periadolescents aged 8–13 years (N = 117). The participants completed a physical activity questionnaire, reporting the number of days per week they performed 60 min of physical activity; then, they completed a resting-state functional MRI scan. We observed that greater physical activity was significantly associated with differences in hippocampal functional connectivity in frontal and temporal regions. Greater physical activity was associated with decreased connectivity between the hippocampus and the right superior frontal gyrus and increased connectivity between the hippocampus and the left superior temporal sulcus. Capturing changes in hippocampal functional connectivity during key developmental periods may elucidate how lifestyle factors including physical activity influence brain network connectivity trajectories, cognitive development, and future disease risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐feeding is a behavioral cusp vital to independence, growth, and development. Previous studies demonstrate that interventions like escape extinction in the form of physical guidance are effective at increasing self‐feeding in children with feeding disorders. However, these interventions may not be effective for all children. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a treatment package that involved increasing the quality of feeder attention and access to tangibles to decrease the comparative value of escape from the self‐feeding demand for two children with feeding disorders using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design. Despite demonstrating the skills to self‐feed preferred foods and consume target foods, neither child self‐fed target foods independently. Following differential reinforcement with the manipulation of establishing operations, both children demonstrated improvement in self‐feeding bites of target foods. In addition, caregivers were trained to implement the protocol with high procedural integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular physical activity is an important health promoting behavior. Yet, many adults live sedentary lifestyles, especially during their workday. The current study applies an extended theory of planned behavior model, incorporating affective attitudes and instrumental attitudes, along with habit, to predict limiting sedentary behavior and physical activity within an office environment. Theory of planned behavior constructs and habit were assessed with an online survey on a sample of 180 full‐time office workers, with self‐reported behavior assessed 1 week later (Mage = 25.97, SDage = 10.24; 44 males, 134 females, and 2 nonbinary). Model fit was indicated by BRMSEA (M = 0.057, SD = 0.023), B γ^ (M = 0.984, SD = 0.010) and BCFI (M = 0.959, SD = 0.026), accounting for 46.1% of variance in intention, 21.6% of variance in sedentary behavior, and 17.4% of variance in physical activity behavior. A Bayesian structural equation model revealed direct effects of instrumental attitudes and perceived behavioral control on intention to limit sedentary behavior, direct effects of intention and perceived behavioral control on limiting sedentary behavior, and direct effects of perceived behavioral control and habit on engaging in physical activity. The current study indicates intentions to be active in the office are primarily driven by beliefs about the benefits of activity and individuals' perceived level of control, rather than normative or affective beliefs. As behavior was predicted by both intention and habit, findings also indicate office‐based activity is likely not always a consciously driven decision. These findings may have implications for improving activity levels in this highly sedentary population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study assessed cross-lagged relationships between binge drinking, implicit beliefs, and habit in undergraduate university students (N = 105). Students completed self-report survey and implicit measures in lab visits 3 months apart. A structural equation model revealed cross-lagged relations between habit and behavior, and some evidence for a reciprocal relationship between implicit beliefs and habit. Implicit beliefs were related to alcohol behavior across time, but no cross-lagged relationship was observed. Findings provide preliminary support for recent advances in habit theory, suggesting that implicit beliefs and habit may develop in tandem or even share common knowledge structures and schemas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case-study analyses the experiences of a trans pupil and teacher in a UK- secondary school. It aims to better understand cultural cisgenderism in schools, the acceptance – or lack thereof – of gender expansiveness, and the extent to which school policies are useful to challenge cisnormative gender regimes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the trans pupil and teacher and were analysed thematically. Document analysis of the school's equality and diversity policy was also conducted. Findings revealed that cultural cisgenderism and cisnormativity are embedded into the school culture, with gender structures evident in several areas, leading to trans marginalisation. There was also evidence that both teachers and pupils may contribute to exclusionary and reactive environments, where accommodations are provided only when a trans pupil is visible. This research may be useful for those working in schools to critique policies and practices and create positive change for trans pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: High levels of sugar intake are associated with multiple maladaptive health outcomes in adult and younger populations. Identifying the psychological determinants of sugar intake in adolescents, and the processes involved, may help identify potentially modifiable targets and inform intervention development. We tested the predictions of an extended theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which specified social cognition constructs, habit, and self‐control as correlates of sugar intake in an adolescent sample. Methods: Adolescents aged 12 to 14 years (N = 88) recruited via a survey panel company and consenting to participate in the study completed online self‐report measures of constructs from the TPB alongside measures of habit and self‐control. One month later, participants completed a follow‐up measure of free‐sugar intake. Hypothesized effects of our proposed extended model were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: We found statistically significant effects of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on sugar intake intentions. We also found significant effects of habit and self‐control on sugar intake measured at follow‐up, but no effect for intention. Perceived behavioral control moderated the intention–behavior relationship such that intention effects on behavior were larger when perceived behavioral control was high. However, self‐control did not moderate the intention–behavior relationship. Conclusion: Results indicate that sugar intake in this sample was a function of habits and self‐control, and the effect of sugar intake intentions was conditional on perceived behavioral control. Results contribute to an evidence base of determinants and associated processes that relate to sugar intake in adolescents and may signal potentially modifiable targets for intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to test whether behavioural automaticity and intention mediated the effects of past behaviour on a particular type of vigorous physical exercise: bootcamp attendance. A community sample (N = 69) who had previously attended a bootcamp class was recruited from Queensland, Australia. Participants were asked to complete measures of their previous bootcamp attendance, behavioural automaticity, and intention to attend bootcamps (Time 1). One month later (Time 2), participants were asked to report their bootcamp attendance and behavioural automaticity in the previous month. Data were fitted to a Partial Least Squares-SEM model. Past behaviour predicted both intention and behavioural automaticity. However, while behavioural automaticity significantly predicted prospectively measured behaviour and mediated the past-future behaviour relationship, there was no significant relationship between intention and bootcamp attendance. Past behaviour still predicted future behaviour beyond both behavioural automaticity and intention. Current results support dual process and habit theory in that behavioural automaticity accounts for a portion of the residual effect of past behaviour on future behaviour which is not accounted for by intentional processes. The lack of significant effect by intention may also support these theories, as bootcamp classes likely occur in a stable context (e.g., at a prescribed time and in a regular location), encouraging habitual responding over considered decision-making. What is already known about this topic: (1) Engaging in regular physical activity, especially vigorous intensity exercise, provides benefits to health and wellbeing. (2) Extending social cognition theories, dual-process models posit that behaviour is enacted predominately through deliberative or automatic pathways, depending on contextual and situational factors. (3) A common hypothesis in dual process and habit theory is that automaticity is likely to exhibit strong effects when the behaviour occurs in stable contexts. What this topic adds: (1) This research tests the effects of behavioural automaticity and intention on physical activity in a seldom examined yet common type of exercise, bootcamp attendance. (2) Behavioural automaticity mediated the relationship between past behaviour and future bootcamp attendance, but the intention did not predict bootcamp attendance. (3) Given the stable context of bootcamp classes (i.e., at a prescribed time and place), current findings support dual process and habit theory that behaviours more likely to be stable are more likely to be enacted automatically rather than deliberatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores speaking self-efficacy for university EFL students in Japan. The primary objectives of the study were to analyse the growth of self-efficacy over time, potential differences between male and female students, and the relationship between self-efficacy, casual attribution, and outcome satisfaction. While several studies have shown a correlation between self-efficacy and achievement in language learning (Raoofi et al. 2012), there are few studies that have focused specifically on the domain of speaking. 58 first– and second-year Japanese students filled out a series of three questionnaires in conjunction with a standardised speaking test given at two points during a 15-week semester. ANOVA results indicated a significant growth in self-efficacy for the speaking test, and that male students reported significantly higher self-efficacy than the female students. Furthermore, correlational analysis showed a moderate relationship between self-efficacy and stability attributions on the final speaking test, as well as a weak but significant negative relationship between self-efficacy and outcome satisfaction. These results highlight the need for more fine-grained analysis of self-efficacy in language learning to gain clearer insight into how it develops over time, the psychological constructs that interact with it, and the potential impact on task valuation and outcome expectancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pregnancy is a time of increased vulnerability to mental health disorders. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of depression and anxiety. Thus, we aimed to assess mental health and associated healthy behaviors of pregnant people in California during the pandemic in order to contextualize prenatal well-being during the first pandemic of the twenty-first century. Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional study of 433 pregnant people from June 6 through July 29, 2020. We explored 3 hypotheses: (1) mental health would be worse during the pandemic than in general pregnant samples to date; (2) first-time pregnant people would have worse mental health; and (3) healthy behaviors would be positively related to mental health. Results: Many of our participants (22%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms and 31% reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Multiparous pregnant people were more likely to express worries about their own health and wellbeing and the process of childbirth than were primiparous pregnant people. Additionally, as pregnancy advanced, sleep and nutrition worsened, while physical activity increased. Lastly, anxious-depressive symptomology was significantly predictive of participant sleep behaviors, nutrition, and physical activity during the past week. Discussion: Pregnant people had worse mental health during the pandemic, and this was associated with worse health-promoting behaviors. Given that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated risks are likely to persist due to low vaccination rates and the emergence of variants with high infection rates, care that promotes mental and physical well-being for the pregnant population should be a public health priority. Significance: Consistent with other studies, we found that anxiety, depression, and stress levels in our pregnant cohort were higher than reported pre-pandemic and that anxious-depressive symptomology predicted worse sleep, poorer nutrition, and less physical activity. New in this study was that these relationships were the same for primiparous and multiparous pregnant people, did not change with gestational age, and that while sleep and nutrition worsened throughout pregnancy, physical activity actually increased, regardless of anxious-depressive symptomology. Also new to this study was that multiparous pregnant people had more worries about their and their baby's wellbeing than first time mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the examination of William Wordsworth poem "Peter Bell" in relation to allusions and self-allusions within the text. Topics include Wordsworth's playful exploration of poetic form, his rejection of supernatural elements, and the retrospective nature of the poem as it draws on his earlier works.

Sport is often considered an important part of United Kingdom (U.K.) university life. However, a limited amount of research has explored inclusion in university sport, particularly considering student union officers' perceptions. As part of a wider study on LGBT+ sport, a U.K.-wide survey was conducted with officers, alongside focus groups at four institutions. Findings suggest further action can be taken to increase sports' accessibility. Despite evidence of discrimination toward LGBT+ students, accessible practices were not prioritized at all institutions. For instance, equality policies and trans* inclusion policies had not always been created or embedded into the running of the student unions. The findings may be useful for student unions and others in control of sport provision to increase inclusion for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binarized Neural Network (BNN) is a quantized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), reducing the precision of network parameters for a much smaller model size. In BNNs, the Batch Normalisation (BN) layer is essential. When running BN on edge devices, floating point instructions take up a significant number of cycles to perform. This work leverages the fixed nature of a model during inference, to reduce the full-precision memory footprint by half. This was achieved by pre-computing the BN parameters prior to quantization. The proposed BNN was validated through modeling the network on the MNIST dataset. Compared to the traditional method of computation, the proposed BNN reduced the memory utilization by 63% at 860-bytes without any significant impact on accuracy. By pre-computing portions of the BN layer, the number of cycles required to compute is reduced to two cycles on an edge device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2015 Calls to Action from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) prompted universities to consider Indigenization. Subsequently, in recognition of the need for a prior step, decolonizing became the focus. At York University (Toronto, Canada), while faculty hiring policies and curriculum development addressed some aspects of the calls, there was limited focus on staff involvement. David Phipps, then Executive Director of the Office of Research Services within the Division of the Vice-President Research and Innovation approached Associate Vice-President Research Celia Haig-Brown with the original focus, "What about Indigenizing the Office of Research Services?" Our work began. "How do research administration practices/polices create (or serve as barriers to) an enabling environment for Indigenous research?" became the driving question. Building on the university's commitment to Indigenous Futurities as a research opportunity in our Strategic Research Plan1, the Journal of Research Administration's special edition on equity, diversity and inclusion provides a perfect site to reflect on our work and, we hope, provoke further discussion of the potential for decolonizing research services in other institutions of higher education. We begin this reflection and provocation in the article title. We bracket the (de) in the word decolonizing in the title to indicate our understanding of the complexity of a university, based as it is in a colonizing model, engaging in decolonizing work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on providing support to others experiencing similar mental health problems. Topics include model recovery, inspiringing hope and support people using services towards the own recovery; and building relationships based on mutuality, empowerment, shared power, and respect as well as embodying the transformation from an ‘illness story' to a ‘recovery story. '

Water pollution is a growing threat to humanity due to the pervasiveness of contaminants in water bodies. Significant efforts have been made to separate these hazardous components to purify polluted water through various methods. However, conventional remediation methods suffer from limitations such as low uptake capacity or selectivity, and current water quality standards cannot be met. Recently, advanced porous materials (APMs) have shown promise in improved segregation of contaminants compared to traditional porous materials in uptake capacity and selectivity. These materials feature merits of high surface area and versatile functionality, rendering them ideal platforms for the design of novel adsorbents. This Review summarizes the development and employment of APMs in a variety of water treatments accompanied by assessments of task‐specific adsorption performance. Finally, we discuss our perspectives on future opportunities for APMs in water purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution is a growing threat to humanity due to the pervasiveness of contaminants in water bodies. Significant efforts have been made to separate these hazardous components to purify polluted water through various methods. However, conventional remediation methods suffer from limitations such as low uptake capacity or selectivity, and current water quality standards cannot be met. Recently, advanced porous materials (APMs) have shown promise in improved segregation of contaminants compared to traditional porous materials in uptake capacity and selectivity. These materials feature merits of high surface area and versatile functionality, rendering them ideal platforms for the design of novel adsorbents. This Review summarizes the development and employment of APMs in a variety of water treatments accompanied by assessments of task‐specific adsorption performance. Finally, we discuss our perspectives on future opportunities for APMs in water purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the nineteenth century, the forces of imperialism, nationalism, and revolution were changing the world's geopolitical landscape at the same time that steamships enabled unprecedented mobility in the Pacific. This article examines Kawata Masazō's life and news reports to ask what he can tell us about how travel, foreign encounter, and intellectual exchange intersected with East Asian geopolitics just prior to the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War in the summer of 1894. Kawata's micro-historical perspective shows that the unique nexus of relationships among Japan, Korea, and China were embedded in the deeply intertwined and contradictory tensions of imperialism, nationalism, and revolution that were playing out across multiple societies in the Pacific world. His story also shows that travel and imperialism are not always, or only, mutually supporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following spinal cord injury (SCI), task-dependent modulation of spinal reflexes is often impaired. To gain insight into the state of the spinal interneuronal pathways following injury, we studied the amplitude modulation of triceps surae cutaneous reflexes to non-noxious stimuli during standing and early-to-mid stance phase of walking in participants with and without chronic incomplete SCI. Reflex eliciting nerve stimulation was delivered to the superficial peroneal, sural, and distal tibial nerves about the ankle. Reflexes were analyzed in the short (SLR, 50-80 ms poststimulation onset) and the medium (MLR, 80-120 ms) latency response windows. Furthermore, the relation between cutaneous and H-reflexes was also examined during standing. In participants without injuries the soleus SLR was modulated task dependently with nerve specificity, and the soleus and medial gastrocnemius MLRs were modulated task dependently. In contrast, participants with SCI, no task-dependent or nerve-specific modulation of triceps cutaneous reflexes was observed. The triceps surae cutaneous and H-reflexes were not correlated in either group (r = 0.01-0.37). The presence of cutaneous reflexes but the absence of significant amplitude modulation may suggest impaired function of spinal interneuronal pathways in this population. The lack of correlation between the cutaneous and H-reflexes may suggest that interneurons that are involved in H-reflex modulation and cutaneous reflex modulation do not receive common input, or the impact of the common input is outweighed by other input. Present findings highlight the importance of examining multiple spinal reflexes to better understanding spinal interneuronal pathways that affect motor control in people after SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we apply theoretical tools from the work of Elias and Connell to critically discuss the ways in which gender relations on Higher Education sport courses are manifested and experienced by students. Drawing on data from an analysis of curriculum, as well as interviews, surveys and workshops with students across a range of sport courses at one university, we explore curriculum design and the ways in which knowledge is presented which both marginalises and compartmentalises issues of gender, as well as presenting knowledge as gender neutral. This article provides a critical understanding of how knowledge about gender and women's sport features and is taught in UK Higher Education sport courses, alongside how students experiences in the classroom to provide an understanding which reinforces existing gender regimes and gender relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Few studies have assessed participant safety in human challenge trials (HCTs). Key questions regarding HCTs include how risky such trials have been, how often adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) occur, and whether risk mitigation measures have been effective. Methods A systematic search of PubMed and PubMed Central for articles reporting on results of HCTs published between 1980 and 2021 was performed and completed by 7 October 2021. Results Of 2838 articles screened, 276 were reviewed in full. A total of 15 046 challenged participants were described in 308 studies that met inclusion criteria; 286 (92.9%) of these studies reported mitigation measures used to minimize risk to the challenge population. Among 187 studies that reported on SAEs, 0.2% of participants experienced at least 1 challenge-related SAE. Among 94 studies that graded AEs by severity, challenge-related AEs graded "severe" were reported by between 5.6% and 15.8% of participants. AE data were provided as a range to account for unclear reporting. Eighty percent of studies published after 2010 were registered in a trials database. Conclusions HCTs are increasingly common and used for an expanding list of diseases. Although AEs occur, severe AEs and SAEs are rare. Reporting has improved over time, though not all papers provide a comprehensive report of relevant health impacts. We found very few severe symptoms or SAEs in studies that reported them, but many HCTs did not report relevant safety data. This study was preregistered on PROSPERO as CRD42021247218. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral-motor skills needed for efficient consumption of table-textured foods (e.g., tongue lateralization) often develop as children are exposed to food at increasingly higher textures (e.g., soft meltable, crunchy, and chewy; Volkert et al., 2014). For children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID; American Psychiatric Association, 2013; World Health Organization, 2019), these oral-motor skills may not develop without intervention. We review case studies of three children diagnosed with ARFID who did not display the skills necessary for efficient consumption of regular table-textured food. We collaborated with a speech-language pathologist to identify oral-motor targets and used a behavior-analytic treatment to teach tongue lateralization skills necessary for safe and effective chewing. We used a treatment package consisting of nonremoval of the utensil with prompting and differential reinforcement to shape functional tongue movements. We discuss considerations for practitioners and the importance of individualized treatment and collaboration with other disciplines while teaching oral-motor skills necessary for chewing and consuming table-textured food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the formation of infant globular cluster (GC) candidates in high-resolution cosmological simulations from the First Billion Years project. By analysing the evolution of the systems in the energy and angular momentum plane, we identify the redshift at which the infant GCs first became gravitationally bound, and we find evidence of radial infall of their gaseous and stellar components. The collapse appears to be driven by internal self-gravity; however, the initial trigger is sourced from the external environment. The phase space behaviour of the infant GCs also allows us to identify some characteristic groupings of objects. Such a classification based on internal properties appears to be reflected in the formation environment: GC candidates that belong to the same class are found in host galaxies of similar morphology, with the majority of the infant GCs located in clumpy, irregular proto-galaxies. Finally, through the inspection of two GC candidates that contain only stars by z = 6, we find that supernova feedback is the main physical mechanism behind their dearth of gas and that the systems subsequently respond with an approximately adiabatic expansion. Such infant GC candidates already resemble the GCs we currently observe in the local Universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Soybean androgenesis II: non-gametophytic morphologies in isolated microspore culture" published in the journal In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant. The correction states that panels c, e, and f of Figure 2 in the original article were incorrect and have been replaced. Additionally, the information provided for panel c in the figure caption has been modified. The correction notice includes a description of the various microspore developmental stages observed in the study, along with corresponding cytological analysis. The authors of the article are Brett Hale, Callie Phipps, Naina Rao, Caroline Kelley, and Gregory C. Phillips. [Extracted from the article]