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Since its discovery in 2010, the NEAG 2 has been one of the most productive oil fields of the Badr El-Din Petroleum Company (BAPETCO) in the northern Western Desert of Egypt. The Albian-Cenomanian reservoir system has a unique performance but suffers from several issues hindering its production. The latest production report in 2023, NEAG-2 Field was producing 1760 bbls of oil with 36500 bbls of water, i.e., 95% water cut. Despite that, the field has reached a 39% recovery factor but the reservoir forecast suggests a much higher recovery factor. Therefore, the NEAG 2 Field requires a comprehensive geological model to depict its reservoir heterogeneities better. We introduce a solid and integrated workflow to investigate the reservoir characters among different scales of geological heterogeneity and offer solutions to overcome some data gaps. After characterizing the reservoir elements by the structural, stratigraphic, petrographic, and petrophysical analyses, a machine learning-based method was applied to overcome the missing whole rock cores in creating a detailed electro-facies log for all field wells. The Neural-Network algorithm required the facies types to be grouped into definitive reservoir qualities to be applied. The resultant electro-facies log had a very good match with the input logs, which validated the facies grouping. This was followed by the porosity-permeability transforms, estimated from mobility data, to create a permeability curve for all field wells, despite the unavailability of core data. The reservoir was categorized into three rock types, each with a specific range of quality, signifying their different flow abilities which were supported by dynamic data. The Lower Bahariya-Kharita in NEAG 2 was ultimately concluded to be a complex heterogeneous reservoir with varying flow abilities and production behaviors. The recovery factor mismatch is due to unrecovered reserves, and a new production strategy should be introduced to reach the ultimate recovery. This integration of geologic and dynamic data is strongly recommended for any reservoir characterization study to avoid oversimplifying the reservoir system and to design the right reservoir development plan [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of coupling and coordination within the business model innovation system of petroleum companies, especially in the context of Chinese petroleum companies, is crucial for enhancing their competitiveness. Using the entropy method and a coupling coordination model with data from 2015 to 2019, this study quantifies the levels of coupling and coordination within the business model innovation system of Chinese petroleum companies. We also examine spatial disparities and disparities along the industrial chain. The findings reveal that: 1) The value creation, transmission, and acquisition subsystems within the petroleum business model innovation system are highly coupled but lack inter-subsystem coordination. 2) Regional differences in the coupling and coordination of petroleum companies' business model innovation systems are evident. The northeast China and central China show the highest coupling, while the South China and North China have lower coupling. Additionally, South China and Northwest China exhibit superior coupling coordination compared to the relatively weaker coordination in Northeast China. 3) Business model innovation systems vary across different industrial chain segments in the petroleum industry. Downstream companies show the best coupling coordination while upstream systems exhibit relatively weaker coordination. 4) Substantial disparities in core innovation system elements are evident across regions and industrial chain segments, underscoring the need for tailored development strategies and regulatory policies for the petroleum industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aimed to detect the relationship between organizational narcissism and workaholism, illustrate the contribution of organizational narcissism in predicting workaholism, and determine the presence of statistically significant differences between males and females in workaholism. The research was conducted on a sample of (200) of employees in some petroleum companies in Suez Governorate (125 males & 75 females) whose ages ranged between (27) and (54) years. The tools were Organizational Narcissism Scale (ONS) by Hamedoğlu & Potas (2012) and Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) by Robinson (1999) which have been translated to Arabic and standardized on Egyptian participants by the researcher. The results stated high positive correlation between organizational narcissism and workaholism. The research also emphasized on the relative contribution of organizational narcissism in predicting workaholism. And finally, there were statistically significant differences between males and females in workaholism in favor of males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long and tedious walk to the eventual implementation of the Petroleum Industry Act after different stages of publichearings atstakeholders' level and committee stages at the National Assembly became feasible following President Muhammadu Buhari's assent in 2021. Chapter 3, section 240 of the Act gives consent for 3 percent annual profits from oil companies operating in different communities in the Niger Delta for host communities' development to be administer by Host Communities Development Trust Fund and supervised by the Nigerian Upstream Regulatory Commission NUPRC and the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPR). Even though the passage of the PIA heralded a supposed new dawn for oil producing communities to overcome different throes of oil extraction induced underdevelopment as part of the gains of public sector reforms such as the PIA, yet participatory communication driven interaction through development oriented communication to acquaint every host community with key provisions of the PIA to get them involved in decision making and implementation of the policy thrust seems elusive. This study therefore seeks to, efficacy of participatory communication in engendering stakeholder's interest in the composition of Board of Trustees of Host Communities Development Trust Fund and utilisation of funds for development purposes, possible breaches and channels that monitor provisions of Petroleum Industry Act to enhance its operational efficiency for Host Communities Development. The study was anchored on the development media theory and participatory communication theory. Survey method was adopted for the study with questionnaire and In-Depth Personal Interviews as instruments for data collection. Using multi stage sampling technique, data were analysed in simple percentages presentation and themes. Among other findings, the study revealed that lack of in-depth knowledge and abysmal awareness on the provisions of the PIA often results in breaches against chapter 3 of the PIA advocating for openness and transparency in implementing PIA provisions on host communities. The study recommends that international organisations, environmental rights agenda, state governments and development partners should sponsor the media to carry out quarterly open dialogue on transparency in the implementation of the PIA, to entrench an aggressive, indigenous and strategic media campaign to drive comprehensive knowledge about the PIA in different host communities across oil producing areas and total responsibility of safeguarding oil facilities should be borned by oil operators rather than putting a caveat on the host communities as requirement for benefiting from the 3 percent profits for Host Communities Development Trust Fund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enactment of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021 by the Federal Government of Nigeria marks the culmination of a 20-year effort to reform the oil and gas sector, creating a conducive environment for growth and addressing community grievances. This study utilizes a change management approach, employing a portfolio management framework to assess the preparedness of the Nigeria National Petroleum Company (NNPC) and industry stakeholders for implementing the Act's stringent timeline. Drawing on chaos theory and complex systems theory, the research examines the challenges of change management in the oil and gas industry, considering cultural differences, miscommunications, and coordination issues among multinational players. The study emphasizes the importance of cultural, historical, and leadership factors, along with policies, processes, accountability hierarchy, change agenda, human resources, and technological integration in assessing change readiness and preparedness. The findings reveal that stakeholders and other predictors hinder favorable change execution, emphasizing the significance of change management in assessing readiness. Additionally, the study highlights the need for deep reform in the NNPC and the potential benefits of privatization, with a commerce-oriented board and direct public ownership. Recognizing the interdependencies within the petroleum industry, the research underscores the importance of identifying and integrating systems in the change plan. By contributing to the understanding of how PIA implementation affects industry players' willingness to change, this study offers implications for oil and gas firm managers and policymakers to enhance change management preparedness. This study recommends transparency, accountability, and a business model that benefits the country, thereby repositioning the new NNPC into a new style and philosophy, akin to successful entities like Saudi Arabia's Aramco and Brazil's Petrobras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, time series forecasting has become an essential tool for stock market analysts to make informed decisions regarding stock prices. The present research makes use of various exponential smoothing forecasting methods. These include exponential smoothing with multiplicative errors and additive trend (MAN), exponential smoothing with multiplicative errors (MNN), and simple exponential smoothing with additive errors (ANN) for the forecasting of the stock prices of six different companies in the petroleum, electricity, and gas industries that are listed in the IBEX35 index. The database employed for this research contained the IBEX35 index values and stock closing prices from 3 January 2000 to 30 December 2022. The models trained with this data were employed in order to forecast the index value and the closing prices of the stocks under study from 2 January 2023 to 24 March 2023. The results obtained confirmed that although none of the proposed models outperformed the rest for all the companies, it is possible to calculate forecasting models able to predict a 95% confidence interval about real stock closing values and where the index will be in the following three months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relative protective devices are cascaded in a proper sequence with a proper min/max coordination time margin (CTM) to minimize the outage area of the network in case of fault condition. This manuscript addresses a new methodology based on the gorilla troops optimizer (GTO) to produce the best automated settings for overcurrent relays. In the GTO, the exploration and exploitation phases are realized using five methodologies. Three of them are used in the exploration phase and the other two in the exploitation phase. In the exploration phase, all gorillas are considered as candidate solutions and the best one is considered as the silverback gorilla. Then again, the exploitation phase comprises two steps: (i) the first one is the follow of silverback gorilla, and (ii) the second one is the competition for adult females. The latter mentioned offers an added advantage to the GTO framework to move forward steadily to global minima and to avoid trapping into local minima. Two test cases under numerous scenarios are demonstrated comprising an isolated real distribution network with distributed generations for the Agiba Petroleum company which is in the Western Desert of Egypt. The relay coordination problem is adapted as an optimization problem subject to a set of predefined constraints which is solved using the GTO including fixed and varied inverse IEC curves, in which the practical constraints including transformer phase shift and other scenarios for min/max fault conditions are dealt with. In due course, this current effort aims at proving the best strategy for achieving the smoothest coordination of overcurrent relays (OCRs), with the least obtained value of CTMs for the studied cases being established via the automated relay settings. At last, it can be pointed out that the GTO successfully dealt with this problem and was able to produce competitive answers compared to other competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petrophysical properties including volume of shale, porosity and water saturation are significance parameters for petroleum companies in evaluating the reservoirs and determining the hydrocarbon zones. These can be achieved through conventional petrophysical calculations from the well logs data such as gamma ray, sonic, neutron, density and deep resistivity. The well logging operations of the targeted limestone Mishrif reservoirs in Ns-X Well, Nasiriya Oilfield, south of Iraq could not be done due to some problems related to the well condition. The gamma ray log was the only recorded log through the cased borehole. Therefore, evaluating the reservoirs and estimating the perforation zones has not performed and the drilled well was abandoned. This paper presents a solution to estimate the missing openhole logs of Mishrif Formation including sonic, neutron, density and deep resistivity using supervised Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in Petrel software (2016.2). Furthermore, the original gamma-ray log along with the predicted logs data from ANN models were processed, and the petrophysical properties including volume of shale, effective porosity and water saturation were calculated to determine the hydrocarbon zones. The ANN Mishrif Formation models recorded coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.65, 0.77, 0.82, and 0.04 between the predicted and the tested logs data with total correlations of 0.67, 0.91, 0.84 and 0.57 for sonic, neutron, density, and resistivity logs respectively. The best possible hydrocarbon-bearing zone ranges from the depth of about 1980-2030 m in the mB1unit. The ANN provides a good accuracy and data matching in clean and non-heterogeneous formations compared to those with higher heterogeneity that contain more than one type of lithology. The Ns-X Well can, therefore, be linked to the development plans of the Nasiriya Field instead of neglect it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy suppliers pay more and more attention to bioenergy which has great potential for responding to extreme climate challenges. Nevertheless, few studies concentrate on the optimal planning of the downstream bioenergy supply chain. This study proposes a multiperiod bilevel game-theoretic framework for the optimal planning of biofuel refueling stations, including an upper-level model for petroleum companies and a lower-level model for biofuel companies. Based on the characteristic of the game theory and the implementation of carbon taxes, four scenarios are established. Finally, the proposed method is validated by a real-world case in Beijing, China. Under the upper limit of the blending ratio, the results show that cooperation can achieve the biggest overall profit. Petroleum companies are more profitable for cooperating with biofuel companies no matter whether carbon tax exists or not. Biofuel companies can get more profit if they non-cooperate with petroleum companies when there is no carbon tax, but the existence of the carbon tax makes it more profitable for biofuel companies to cooperate with petroleum companies. Besides, the best choice for biofuel companies to enter the fuel retailing market is the early stage of energy transition when no carbon tax exists or carbon tax is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The new geopolitical situation after Russia's invasion of Ukraine has fundamentally changed the role of the Norwegian petroleum industry and many other private businesses. • Hybrid threats entail a new category of risk problems where private companies play a pivotal role as national security actors. • This article offers an empirical study of how private companies in the Norwegian petroleum sector understand and carry out their role in detecting and handling hybrid threats. • The empirical case illustrates that security cannot be achieved on the organizational level to achieve societal resilience against hybrid threats. • Safety Science should further investigate how the new geopolitical era affects private businesses and their employees' working conditions. The new geopolitical situation after Russia's invasion of Ukraine has fundamentally changed the role of the Norwegian petroleum industry and many other private businesses. Private companies have become important security actors in the new threat landscape. This article offers an empirical study of how private operator companies in the Norwegian oil and gas sector understand and carry out their role in detecting and handling hybrid threats prior to the sabotage of the Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines in 2022. By investigating how they understand the phenomena of hybrid threats, and how they understand their role and responsibility in detecting and handling them, this case serves as an example on why societal resilience to hybrid threats only can be achieved through a collaboration between a multiplicity of actors across different scales. Additionally, this article uses the private companies in the Norwegian petroleum sector as an illustrative example on how hybrid threats entail a new category of risk problems where private companies play a pivotal role, and seeks to open up a discussion on whether safety science should include hybrid threats and the new geopolitical situation into its scope. We conclude that safety science should further develop perspectives for developing resilience as a system and societal property and that also take geopolitics into account. At a time when private companies play a more pivotal role in the co-creation of societal resilience against hybrid threats, it is important to investigate and understand this role and how it affects private businesses and their employees' working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study represents an integrated study using the potential field maps and well geochemical data of the West Dakhla area in the western central area of the Western Desert area, Egypt. The potential field data are represented by the airborne gravity and total magnetic maps acquired by the Nuclear Material Authority (NMA), Egypt, on behalf of Dana Petroleum Company. The geochemical data consist of geochemical analysis in Ammonite-1 well that were done for source rock evaluation. Different processing techniques on the gravity and magnetic maps are carried out for separating the regional and residual separation and filtering. Modelling and Euler deconvolution tools are utilized for proposing the depth to basement and constructing basement-depth maps to infer the basin configuration of the study area. Before acquiring the present geophysical data, the study area wasn’t subjected to any exploration investigations. Therefore, these data and this study are considered as the first efforts carried out and submitted for publication in this area. In addition, a comparison of the present basin is done with matched basins in southern Libya, where this basin is expected to have similar geological features. The study indicates that the studied basin may be a part of a wider basin extending in Egypt and Libya. This basin is expected to have the thickness and features that are favourable for hydrocarbon habitat. The geochemical analysis shows TOC values ranging from poor to very good source rock potentiality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simulation case study was conducted to assess the utility of predictive maintenance and database management for lean maintenance applications within a Petroleum Company. At this company the maintenance of pumps was performed internally where feasible. The study explored a proposed lean strategy on the operations of three departments related to the maintenance of pumping equipment. These departments were, the Pump Shop, Stores Department and Shipping and Receiving. Rockwell Automation's Arena® simulation software was used to study existing and proposed models of the maintenance system and track the key performance indicators of Flow Time, Waiting Time, and Work-in-Process. Analysis of the performance indicators showed a 76% and a 96% reduction in average Flow Time and Waiting Time, respectively. No difference was determined for Work-in-Process at the 95% confidence interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Introduce the CDOS-HCN process for selective hydrodesulfurization of gasoline and the supporting titanium-based series catalyst HDDO-100/HDOS-200/HDMS-100. Methods The COS-HCN process was used to fractionate FCC gasoline into light fraction (LCN) and heavy fraction (HCN), and LCN can be etherification reaction or mixed into gasoline components, sulfide in HCN can be deeply removed with catalyst. Results HDDO-100 catalyst could effectively remove diolefin in the raw material. At the same time, small molecular mercaptans and sulfides were converted into large molecular sulfides by thioetherification with olefins which could be fractionated and cut to HCN to achieve the control index of total sulfur mass fraction in LCN no more than 10 pg/g. HDOS-200/HDMS-100 double catalyst for the deep removal of sulfides in HCN, could effectively control the olefin saturation rate to meet the technical requirements of the Karamay Petrochemical Company for producing petroleum products which met the gasoline for motor vehicles ( VIA) and ( M B) national standard. Conclusions The long period operation results of the industrial unit showed that the supporting series catalysts of the process have stable performance, stable operation of the unit and safe and reliable process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many solutions have been executed to mitigate the wellbore instability problem including improving mud inhibition with chemical additives, raising mud weight to mechanically support the wellbore, and modifying casing design to accommodate extra-large diameter surface casing with the drawback of increasing well cost. Despite these solutions, the operator is still plagued by continuous hard reaming during tripping operations, several dill string pack-off sticking incidents, and the inability to get the casing to the bottom. This paper examines the effect of implementation of Non-retrievable drilling with casing technique to optimize drilling and overcome the hole instability problems in West of Nile (WON) field is located in the Western Desert of Egypt and operated by Qarun Petroleum Company. This solution is unique in terms of adaptability and simplicity, a few adaptations are required for a standard drilling rig to be able to get casing to bottom by rotating, reciprocating, and circulating simultaneously. Applying this technique optimize drillings, reduces cost, and improves safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the communication strategies used in the social responsibility initiatives of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (Bapco) and Aluminum Bahrain (Alba), as they are the two largest companies in the Bahraini public sector, through a qualitative content analysis (topological) of the posts that were published on the official account of the two companies via Instagram, which is related to the social and environmental role of the two companies during the Corona pandemic crisis from February 24, 2020 (the date of announcing the first case of Corona in the Kingdom of Bahrain) until March 25, 2021 (for a full year and one month). The study concluded that the two companies (Alba and Bapco) used the awareness strategy clearly in the posts that were analyzed, as the most important social responsibility initiatives were represented in awareness campaigns to raise health awareness for workers and page followers. In order to clarify the implementation of this strategy at Bapco, we will find the company's announcement on its Instagram page on the awareness lectures that were directed to the workers, as well as many graphic and infographic designs related to the preventive requirements during work. As for Alba, the company has applied this strategy in several aspects, such as awareness videos from doctors and Various designs for awareness also and awareness campaigns that were launched in the second wave of the virus. The Alba company page was distinguished by the continuous update of awareness messages and Corona virus news more than Bapco, while Bapco excelled in the initiative to donate 4 million dinars for the benefit of the Bahrain team to address the Corona virus, as Alba did not make any financial donations throughout the analysis period. The users' interaction in general decreased at the expense of the two companies with the contents related to the Coronavirus, but it should be noted that the users' interaction increased with the Alba Company competitions initiative for the children of workers within the framework of educational videos to reduce infection and the spread of the pandemic by children of the company's employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, petroleum companies cannot be competitive and efficient without considering potential solutions provided by sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) optimization models. SSCM can solve different challenges faced by this sector. Academics and practitioners consider the opportunities offered by decision-making tools for planning sustainable petroleum supply chains. Moreover, the ever-increasing number of publications applying decision-making models to the petroleum industry also attests to this fact. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to understand the evolution of sustainable supply chain planning in the petroleum industry and highlight the specificities of the body of knowledge in this area. A comprehensive analysis is performed using 23 papers published from 2010 to 2019. This paper proposes a classification framework to analyze different factors in developing mathematical models, including the triple bottom line pillars of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social). The main observation is that planning models that focus on all three sustainability dimensions in the petroleum sector are scarce. Regarding the environmental dimension, the analysis demonstrates that consideration of greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2 impacts, is dominating planning models. Furthermore, there is an absence of quantitative models that include social dimensions, and this gap must be addressed in the future. Finally, we propose future extensions to develop research in SSCM in the petroleum sector, keeping in mind recent developments from both technological and economic drivers in this specific sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high personal and organizational costs associated with safety incidents, it is essential that we understand the trait predictors of safety behaviors which in turn impact occupational accidents and injuries. This study helps address this need by assessing the relationship between trait mindfulness and workplace injuries, as well as examining a mediating mechanism (safety behaviors) and situational moderator (safety climate) of this relationship. Using hierarchically nested data from employees within a large company in the petroleum distribution industry (N = 706 employees within 142 groups), our results suggest that trait mindfulness is related to workplace injuries, safety compliance, and safety participation and that this relationship between trait mindfulness and workplace injuries is mediated by safety compliance. Moreover, group-level safety climate moderates the effects of trait mindfulness on safety compliance and safety participation such that the best safety behavior occurs when both safety climate and trait mindfulness are high. These results indicate that trait mindfulness is an important trait predictor of safety behaviors and that it is a helpful personal resource necessary for a successful safety-focused organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of our research is to develop a model for testing for the impairment of oil and gas company assets. The subject of the research is the set of theoretical and practical aspects of accounting for the recoverability of assets. The object is one of the largest Russian oil companies, Rosneft engaged in the production and processing of oil, as well as the sale of petroleum products. Based on the results of this work, we propose a model for assessing the recoverability of assets based on the calculation of the value from the use of those assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of vast deposits of petroleum resources in any state can arguably lead to many positive outcomes for the country, but for this favourable outcome to be actualised individual players have to perform some significant roles in achieving this goal. It has been proven that some economic development can be achieved through petroleum resources. Some studies have shown the vital roles governments, and national oil companies play in their domestic petroleum sector and even in the global petroleum sector. Recently, the national oil company model of managing petroleum resources has come under scrutiny and has been viewed as a medium of waste and corruption. This paper identifies that the national oil company model can lead to some positive outcomes for the economy of Guyana. Also, this paper identifies and analyses the critical roles a government and a national oil company play in the successful petroleum resource governance and the positive outcomes that can come from transparent and effective management of these resources. Furthermore, this paper argues the case for the presence of a national oil company in Guyana, considering that they are today considered to be a petroleum-rich state due to the sizeable recent petroleum discovery in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research applied a quantitative explanatory with a descriptive and causal approach. A cluster sampling was engaged in this survey method and collected using structured questionnaires. Furthermore, the data were analyzed undergoing Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the software LISREL 8.8 version. The findings of the study showed that brand image and brand trust do not have an impact on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention of Pertalite. This result implies that customer satisfaction failed in mediating the relationship between brand image and repurchase intention. Besides, customer satisfaction also cannot explain the causality between brand trusts and repurchase intention of Pertalite in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selection of optimum artificial lift system depends basically on reservoir characteristics, fluid properties, well location and geometry, surface facilities, available logistics and feasibility studies. Insightful evaluation of these criteria improves the quality of the decision and its implications. For this large number of conflicting criteria, multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are used to clearly show the problem, analyze its dimensions and make optimal decisions. This paper introduces a comprehensive expert system for optimal selection of pumping lift systems based on technical, operational and financial criteria. ES includes four phases; screening inappropriate pumps, determination the components for the acceptable pumps, feasibility analysis and decision optimization. Selection is performed by using technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution. This ES was developed specifically for the General Petroleum Company, Egypt. It can be considered as a prototype that can be developed to include comprehensively the other artificial lift techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

80% of the world's energy demand is supplied by petroleum companies, whose operations are responsible for 37% of the greenhouse gas emissions. This paper uses the Porter hypothesis to examine the dynamic impact of eco-innovation on CO 2 emission reductions in selected petroleum companies. Second-generation panel regression econometric techniques are conducted employing quarterly data over the period 2005–2016. Three actual eco-innovation indicators namely, investment (INV), training (TR), and, research and development (R&D), are used to capture the impact of eco-innovation on CO 2 emission reductions in both short and long-term periods. The results reveal that INV significantly reduces CO 2 emissions in the long-term, whereas R&D and TR make significant reductions in CO 2 emissions in the short-term. This paper is a novelty that adds an original contribution to the relevant literature and has valuable implications for petroleum companies' managers to achieve growth purposes, efficient use of resources, and reducing harm to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional rubber screw pumps use an interference method to engage. When the pressure is less than the breakdown pressure of the pump, there is no leakage in the pump. The all-metal screw pump stator and rotor are made of metal, and the stator and rotor adopt a gap-fitting engagement method, so even when the pump is working normally, the leakage is objective. Based on the concentric annular gap flow, the pressure drop leakage caused by the fluid inertia force is fully considered, and the calculation formula of the leakage of the all-metal screw pump is studied from the three aspects of transverse leakage, longitudinal leakage, and oblique leakage. This model was experimentally verified by a commercial all-metal screw pump produced by Shihong Petroleum Equipment Company. The model results show that the leakage of the all-metal screw pump is mainly affected by the structure parameters of the pump itself and the density of the pumped fluid, and the gap height is the main factor affecting the leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Maritime Platform Transport Problem of Solid, Special and Dangerous Waste consists of to minimize the monetary value of carrying different types of waste from one location to another location using ships. We present a mathematical model and the use CPLEX to find the optimal values to solve the Solid, Special and Hazardous Waste Transportation Problem of offshore platforms instances of Mexican state-owned petroleum company (PEMEX). The set of instances used are WTPLib real instances and the tool CPLEX solver to solve the Problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses a case study regarding inventory models for acquiring liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders. This is an industrial challenge that was proposed at an European Study Group with Industry, by a Portuguese energy company, for which the LPG cylinder is the main asset of its LPG business. Due to the importance of this asset, an acquisition plan must be defined in order to determine the amount of LPG cylinders to acquire, and when to acquire them, in order to optimize the investment. As cylinders are returned and refilled, the reverse logistic flows of these assets must be considered. As the classical inventory models are not suitable for this case study, three new inventory models, which account for the return of LPG cylinders, are proposed in this work. The first proposed model considers deterministic constant demand and continuous returns of LPG cylinders, with discrete replenishment from the supplier. The second model is similar, but for the case when the returned cylinders cover for the demand. A third model is also proposed considering that both the demand and the returns are stochastic in nature and the replenishment from the supplier is discrete. The three models address different scenarios that the company is either currently facing or is expecting to occur in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective supply chain management practices can enhance competitiveness along the supply chain. Fuel supply chain competitiveness requires a reliable flow of product and customer satisfaction. Competitiveness eluded the Zimbabwean petroleum industry over time and so this research looked at the impact of supply chain management practices on industry competitiveness. Owing to the complex nature of the petroleum industry's supply chain, the concurrent parallel mixed methods research design was adopted for its robustness and suitability for researching complex situations. In the qualitative research, in-depth interviews were held with six experienced and knowledgeable executives who were strategically positioned in the petroleum industry. In the quantitative research, data were collected through objective questionnaires from 57 managers who were in charge of supply chain practices in the participating petroleum companies. The research results revealed that the unfriendly business environment that was driven by the shortage of foreign currency, a restrictive tax regime, a weak regulatory system and the lack of stable government policy on fuel industry operations resulted in financial, procurement, inventory, logistics and communication challenges and the weakening of all the supply chain practices. Therefore, the resultant high cost of products, expensive and bureaucratic logistics, lack of investment in fuel distribution technology and poor customer service negatively impacted the petroleum industry's competitiveness. The study recommends the strengthening of the petroleum industry's supply chain management strategies, international benchmarking of industry processes, adopting international best practices and carrying out further research in the industry's supply chain areas like procurement and pricing models for landlocked states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contributing to the debates about how and why petroleum resource governance regimes develop and change, this paper explores how competing discourses from different scales influence policy formulation processes and foster change. Discourses frame the problems and dictate the spectre of possible solutions, thus having social consequences in 'the real world'. Exploring the example of the recent experiences of petroleum resource governance in Tanzania, the analysis shows how discourses of petroleum resource governance adjust in interaction with other aspects of the specific national context in which resource governance occurs. The requirements of good governance found in the literature and international policy initiatives are coupled with a call for industrialisation. The inheritance from Nyerere; the experiences with the mining sector; and a high degree of distrust for foreign companies take the petroleum resource governance in the direction of resource nationalism. Designing an alternative policy agenda, the Tanzanian government has found a room to manoeuvre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drilling fluids are injected during the drilling process in order to make the operation viable. Some of the desired functions of these fluids are the following: to be pumpable, to clean the well by transporting cuttings to the surface, to suspend the solids in operational stops, to stabilize the walls of the well, to block the pores of the rock formation, to lubricate and cool the drilling bit and other equipment used, and to be chemically stable and inert in relation to damage to the rock formation. The drilling of an oil well is done in stages, as each rock formation demands a specific fluid formulation. These suspensions have a water, oil, air or synthetic base and different substances and incorporated particles, such as viscosifying, sealing, weighting and thickening agents. The drilling fluids studied in this work were produced by a Brazilian petroleum company, differentiated by the amount of the weighting agent (hematite). In this context, this study simulated a standstill operation and evaluated the stability of particles in four water-based drilling fluids through the gamma-ray attenuation technique to determine an equation for pressure on solids for each system. The rheological behavior of the suspensions was also evaluated. The results showed that fluids with higher amounts of hematite had higher viscosity, pseudoplastic and tixotropic behavior, sediment with higher volumetric concentration, greater stability in relation to sedimentation and a small region of clarified liquid. In addition, constitutive equations were determined for pressure on the solids, and the influence of hematite was also verified. • Drilling oil wells requires different fluid formulations. • Gamma-ray attenuation method does not interfere with the system. • Viscosity, pseudoplasicity, thixotropy were influenced by hematite. • The highest density fluid presents the concentration effect. • Pressure on solids is influenced by the solids concentration of suspensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Apa' is a Huli word for father and the Hulis of Hela Province see themselves as the father of the gas resources being extracted by a petroleum company from their land. Indigenous landowner concerns in the resource extraction project sites in Papua New Guinea (PNG) have been highly emotive national development topics in the public since the onset of Bougainville copper mine in the late 1960s. Sifting through the myriad of narratives concerning landowners' issues it can be noticed that many of what is raised by the local people have their genesis in the lack of 'open, dialogic and participatory' communication about the rights and responsibilities of landowners in the projects. This article addresses the communication dilemma faced by indigenous landowners in the PNG LNG Project sites in Hela Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When governments apply high tax rates targeted at natural resource rent, there must be generous deductions in order to avoid investment disincentives. How generous is disputed. Based on standard finance theory and recommendations from the OECD and the IMF, the value that firms attach to future deductions depends on the risks of these, and the companies' after-tax weighted-average cost of capital cannot be applied directly. As an example, a simple model quantifies the difference between pre-tax and post-tax systematic risk when tax deductions are less risky than pre-tax cash flows. Osmundsen et al. (2015) suggest that the difference must be ignored by oil companies, since they cannot find the separate market values of tax deductions. But companies operating in different jurisdictions cannot then appreciate differences in tax systems, not even approximately, which will lead to suboptimal decisions. Tax designers may instead assume that companies have gradually adopted more sophisticated methods of investment decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Cold War, oil and oilfield services companies recruited international students to study engineering and business in Houston. Oilfield services executives used education to present their new global corporate reach as benevolent and nonthreatening for both American workers and citizens of oil-rich nations in a moment of post-colonial upheaval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many petroleum companies expand their activities further north towards the Arctic region, resulting in design temperatures down to −60 °C, which is much lower than what is usual for most current petroleum installations. As properties of steels are temperature dependent, it is of great interest to evaluate the effects of low temperature on the crack driving force in steels. The present work investigates these effects numerically using a finite element model of a single-edge-notched-tension (SENT) specimen with crack depth a / W = 0.5 . The effects of Lüders strain and yield strength are studied for gross stress levels σ G / σ y ≤ 0.5 , and it is shown that an increase in yield strength and Lüders strain, as a result of Arctic temperature, intensifies the crack driving force. An approximate model that can be used to estimate the crack driving force based on yield strength, Lüders strain and loading is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation waters extracted with crude oil and natural gas, due to their amount and chemical composition can be a problem for petroleum companies operating hydrocarbon deposits. On average, the world generates 2 to 3 times more water than oil. On average, the world generates 2 to 3 times more water than crude oil. T he amount of extracted water increases with the time of exploitation of the deposit, in the case of deposits at the final stage of depletion, the amount of extracted water is 5 to 8 times bigger than petroleum. Formation waters from hydrocarbons deposits are usually the highly mineralized brines. L arge quantities of highly mineralized waters extracted with crude oil and gas are disposed of in various ways or neutralized. T he most common way of disposing of these waters is by injecting them into rock mass. As a result of injection of reservoir waters into hydrocarbon deposits, the waters interact with the storage formations. In these formations, there may be numerous reactions of mineral water with the rock environment. T he injection of reservoir waters will also cause mixing of waters that can disturb the state of thermodynamic equilibrium and will alter the chemistry of these waters. It was analyzed by the geochemical modeling of the interaction of the reservoir waters of Przemyśl natural gas field. Using the P HREEQC program, the chemical reactions related to the mixing of reservoir waters of different chemical types have been studied. It has been found that is possible to precipitation appropriated minerals as a result of mixing water with different chemical composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the commercial agreement known as the Anglo-American Oil Agreement in 1921 between Great Britain and the U.S., including through referencing the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The agreement's role in offering U.S. oil companies concessions for competition on petroleum in the Middle East is discussed.

This study aims to analyze and explain the adaptation of the balanced scorecard (BSC), through the theoretical model by Ansari, Fiss and Zajac (2010), in a fuel distribution company (nicknamed Oil Company), which is characterized in this article as a late adopter. By doing so, we place the adaptation process at the heart of our research on the diffusion of management accounting practices. The results showed that the BSC adopted in the Oil Company is compatible with other technologies observed in the organization. Regarding the cultural aspect, there was low adaptation of the practice to the organizational culture; however, no political misfits were observed. Due to this low cultural fit between the BSC and the Oil Company, in the latter the BSC has high fidelity and low extension in relation to the model observed in the extant literature. The article builds on the theoretical and empirical evidence that a specific adaptation pattern depends on the fit between the technical, cultural, and political characteristics of the practice implemented and the characteristics of the company. This is a distinctive aspect of our study, as it seeks to explain variations in the organizational practices by analyzing their consistency with the needs, objectives, and structure of the adopting company, especially considering the cultural and political aspects involved in the adaptation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute las leyes y tribunales relacionados con la competencia en el mercado que se aplican o escuchado en la Unión Europea, Portugal y España. Ley estaba relacionado con las sanciones impuestas a empresas petroleras. Los casos estaban relacionados con la responsabilidad intercontractual, pleno del Consello Galego da Competencia (CGC) y uno en la variación en precios por mayor de drogas.