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Simple Summary: Fermented sorghum tea has previously been proposed to improve satiety and health. A pig model for adult weight management and fermented sorghum tea will be used for future studies; however, the literature has indicated that pigs may reject sour or bitter flavors. Previous literature studies focused on piglets and lactating sows fed ad libitum, whereas our model is focused on male and female adult pigs with restricted calorie intake. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to determine the appetitive response to fermented sorghum tea using a novel, three-way preference maze. For this study, limit-fed adult pigs not only have high affinity for fermented sorghum tea, but they also prefer the tea over the equally sweetened control solution. This is the first preference research in many years where adult pigs do not reject sour or bitter flavors if they are formulated in fermented tea. Our novel preference maze is now commercially available; therefore, our preference test methods can be replicated across laboratories, thus impacting the scientific community that uses pigs in research. Furthermore, future work using the adult pig as a model for understanding the health benefits of fermented sorghum tea will not be impeded by the avoidance behaviors of adult pigs. Ossabaw pigs (n = 11; 5—gilts, 6—barrows; age 15.6 ± 0.62 SD months) were exposed to a three-choice preference maze to evaluate preference for fermented sorghum teas (FSTs). After conditioning, pigs were exposed, in four sessions, to choices of white FST, sumac FST, and roasted sumac-FST. Then, pigs were exposed, in three sessions, to choices of deionized H2O (−control; avoidance), isocaloric control (+control; deionized H2O and sucrose), and blended FST (3Tea) (equal portions: white, sumac, and roasted sumac). When tea type was evaluated, no clear preference behaviors for tea type were observed (p > 0.10). When the 3Tea and controls were evaluated, pigs consumed minimal control (p < 0.01;18.0 ± 2.21% SEM), and they consumed great but similar volumes of +control and 3Tea (96.6 and 99.0 ± 2.21% SEM, respectively). Likewise, head-in-bowl duration was the least for −control, but 3Tea was the greatest (p < 0.01; 5.6 and 31.9 ± 1.87% SEM, respectively). Head-in-bowl duration for +control was less than 3Tea (p < 0.01; 27.6 vs. 31.9 ± 1.87% SEM). Exploration duration was the greatest in the area with the −control (p < 0.01; 7.1 ± 1.45% SEM), but 3Tea and +control exploration were not different from each other (1.4 and 3.0 ± 1.45% SEM, respectively). Regardless of tea type, adult pigs show preference for FST, even over +control. Adult pigs likely prefer the complexity of flavors, rather than the sweetness alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may encounter difficulties in various aspects of play, including successful entrance into playgroups. This article describes the practical and applied use of an empirically validated strategy that uses graphic symbols to teach young children with ASD to request entrance into playgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDENTS WHO ARE deafblind are a unique population with unique needs for learning, communication, and environmental access. Two roles have been identified as important to their education: teacher of the deafblind and intervener. However, these roles are not officially recognized in most states. Because of this lack of recognition and the low incidence of deafblindness, it is difficult to sustain systems that prepare highly qualified personnel with advanced training and knowledge in educational strategies for children and youth who are deafblind. The authors propose a comprehensive system of personnel development (CSPD) for deafblind education. The components of this system are standards, preservice training, in-service/professional development, leadership development, research, and, finally, planning coordination, and evaluation. The authors describe elements of the model that are being implemented and provide suggestions to support the future development of a comprehensive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IN A SYNTHESIS of the research, the authors present findings from communication and literacy studies conducted with children and youth with deafblindness, ages 0-22 years, and published in peer-reviewed journals, 1990-2015. Findings are organized within the structure of the four aspects of communication: form, function, content, context. The studies implemented child-guided and systematic instructional approaches. Studies on form addressed tangible representations, gestures, pictures, and technologies to increase expressive communication rates, and included research focusing on specific functions. Most of the research on context addressed the coaching of adult communication partners to improve responsiveness. Research on communication by children who are deafblind has focused almost exclusively on improving expressive communication. Therefore, there is a need for research on receptive communication and comprehension. In the area of literacy, studies are needed on emergent literacy and reading and writing interventions for children who are deafblind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE COEDITORS of an American Annals of the Deaf special issue on deaf-blindness introduce readers to critical issues surrounding children and youth who are deafblind. These issues--early identification, communication, social-emotional needs, family and multicultural issues, universal design and assistive technology, transition planning, and personnel preparation--are explored further in the articles that follow. By way of introduction, the present article provides definitions of deafblindness and a discussion of the heterogeneous nature of the population. The history of the field of deafblindness is then explored in terms of three distinct population shifts, from (a) individuals of the 18th and 19th centuries who became deafblind due to illness, to (b) the influx of individuals with congenital rubella syndrome in the 1960s who had disabilities besides deafblindness, and (c) the current population of children and youth with deafblindness, which includes individuals with other complex disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SELF-REGULATION has been identified as essential to school success. However, for a variety of reasons, its development may be compromised in children and youth who are deafblind. A single-case multiple-baseline study of a child who was deafblind examined the effects of three groups of evidence-based interventions on variables thought to be associated with self-regulation. The dependent variables were (a) frequency and duration of behaviors thought to indicate dysregulation, (b) active participation in school activities, and (c) time from onset of behaviors indicating dysregulation until achievement of a calm, regulated state. The interventions, which included provision of meaningful, enjoyable, and interactive activities, anticipatory strategies, and calming strategies, significantly influenced the dependent variables and are described in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New data are presented on the offshore part of the West Greenland volcanic succession, part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province located in southern Baffin Bay. The data were obtained from the Delta-1 hydrocarbon exploration well, drilled by Cairn Energy in 2011. Wireline log data were collected over the drilled section, providing information on the physical volcanology of the volcanic succession, and 23 sidewall cores were analysed for their geochemical composition. The well encountered 65 lava flows with a well-developed core and crust signature, typical for sub-aerial eruptions. Major and trace element data showed a good correlation with parts of the succession onshore West Greenland. The XRF major and trace element data allowed careful picking of samples for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating, and the main part of the sequence was found to be early Eocene in age. This coincides with the second main phase of volcanism in onshore West Greenland and is likely to be linked to the change in the tectonic regime in Baffin Bay at this time. This finding substantially expands the area of West Greenland affected by volcanism during the Eocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children and youth who are deafblind with multiple disabilities have several identified risk factors for experiencing toxic levels of stress, and such stress is known to impair physical, mental, and emotional health. This single-case multiple baseline study examined the frequency and duration of behaviors thought to indicate stress, the duration of active participation in class activities, and the effect of the stress hormone salivary cortisol to determine the extent to which participating students with deafblindness were experiencing stress and how it affected their behavior and participation in school activities. Examined were three groups of intervention strategies designed to decrease stress and its behavioral manifestations and, at the same time, increase active participation. The selected intervention strategies did significantly lower behaviors that had been thought to indicate stress and concomitantly increased active participation. However, sampled salivary cortisol demonstrated only one instance of actual toxic stress. This finding is discussed from the perspective of delineated protective factors against toxic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: Performance improvement driven by the review of surgical morbidity and mortality is often limited to critiques of individual cases with a focus on individual errors. Little attention has been given to an analysis of why a decision seemed right at the time or to lower-level root causes. The application of scientific performance improvement has the potential to bring to light deeper levels of understanding of surgical decision-making, care processes, and physician psychology. Methods: A comprehensive retrospective chart review of previously discussed morbidity and mortality cases was performed with an attempt to identify areas where we could better understand or influence behavior or systems. We avoided focusing on traditional sources of human error such as lapses of vigilance or memory. An iterative process was used to refine the practical areas for possible intervention. Definitions were then created for the major categories and subcategories. Results: Of a sample of 152 presented cases, the root cause for 96 (63%) patient-related events was identified as uni-factorial in origin, with 51 (34%) cases strictly related to patient disease with no other contributing causes. Fifty-six cases (37%) had multiple causes. The remaining 101 cases (66%) were categorized into two areas where the ability to influence outcomes appeared possible. Technical issues were found in 27 (18%) of these cases and 74 (74%) were related to disorganized care problems. Of the 74 cases identified with disorganized care, 42 (42%) were related to failures in critical thinking, 18 (18%) to undisciplined treatment strategies, 8 (8%) to structural failures, and 6 (6%) were related to failures in situational awareness. Conclusions: On a comprehensive review of cases presented at the morbidity and mortality conference, disorganized care played a large role in the cases presented and may have implications for future curriculum changes. The failure to think critically, to deliver disciplined treatment strategies, to recognize structural failures, and to achieve situational awareness contributed to the morbidities and mortalities. Future research may determine if focused training in these areas improves patient outcomes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses a professional development collaboration between elementary schools and a college where student teachers explored the effectiveness of Math-Box lesson plans by incorporating children's literature and manipulatives. The teacher candidates created lesson plans according to U.S. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Content Standards, which helped them to experience and develop instructional delivery and instructional planning.

We present a new method for reconstructing flood basalt lava flows from outcrop data, using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to generate three-dimensional (3D) models. Case studies are presented from the Faroe Islands and the Isle of Skye (UK), both part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). These were analyzed to pick out lava flow tops and bases, as well as dykes, lava tubes, and sedimentary layers. Three-dimensional surfaces were then generated using modeling software, and 3D geological models constructed. Finally, the models were interrogated to give data on flow thickness and crust-to-core ratio. The aim of this research is to obtain quantitative data on the internal heterogeneity of a sequence of flood basalt lava flows, and to provide high-resolution information about flow geometries and volcanic facies variations in 3D. Lava flow sequences display complex stacking patterns, and these are difficult to understand from photos or outcrop observations. Laser scanning allows us to study inaccessible outcrops, while avoiding the perspective distortion in conventional photography. The data from this study will form parts of larger models of flood basalt provinces, which will be used to improve seismic imaging in areas of basalt cover, and aid our understanding of facies architecture in flood basalts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-sectional study of data from a randomized, controlled trial was conducted to determine (1) provider and parent attributes associated with discussion of maternal substance use, (2) how substance use discussion related to the parent-provider relationship, and (3) whether discussion was associated with maternal attempts at behavior change. Of the 482 mothers, 34% reported discussing all 3 substance use items (smoking, alcohol, and drug use) with their child's provider. Mothers who discussed smoking were more likely to report discussing alcohol and other drug use (P < .001). Parent-provider relationship scores, measured by a modified version of the Primary Care Assessment Survey, were positively associated with discussion of each substance (P < .001). Discussion of smoking and drug use were significantly associated with attempted behavior change. Our findings suggest that discussion of parental substance use by pediatricians is positively associated with the parent-provider relationship and may lead to behavior change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses some of the important lessons that the author learned from the implementation of the Civic Life (C3) Literacy Collaborative project by the National Council for the Social Studies, a nonprofit organization in the U.S. These include building diverse teams to learn different perspectives, communicating in real time to achieve true collaboration and learning to become a teacher leader.

Although extolled as a fundamental virtue in all the world's major religions, and experienced by people in most cultures, gratitude has until recently received little attention within the psychological literature, and has been omitted from many major works on emotion. But recently the nature and importance of gratitude has been reconsidered. Alongside the development of positive psychology, an increasing range of new empirical research, together with a re-evaluation of older studies, has indicated that gratitude can improve well-being in two ways: directly, as a causal agent of wellbeing; and indirectly, as a means of buffering against negative states and emotions. Greater understanding of the power of gratitude as a psychological intervention has wide-ranging significance for counselling psychology. Even at such an early stage, gratitude research can both inform individual strategies with clients and contribute to the development of more sustained programmes of intervention. Gratitude research can amplify thinking within current theoretical models, including both cognitive behavioural and person-centred approaches. Finally, gratitude research can provide counselling psychology with ideas for interventions with a range of client groups, from those experiencing depression, bereavement or substance abuse, to individuals who are not experiencing clinical issues but are seeking simply to enhance their state of well-being. In assessing the therapeutic use of gratitude to increase well-being, this review covers three main areas. Firstly, it introduces conceptualisations of gratitude and the place of gratitude within cognitive-emotional and biosocial theories. Secondly, it evaluates evidence for gratitude's impact on individual well-being, both directly as a causal agent and indirectly as a buffer against negative states. Working within an evidencebased approach, this analysis focuses on empirical studies, although making use of psychoanalytical studies which may suggest future empirical research opportunities. Finally, this review identifies four main conclusions from existing gratitude research, considering implications both for theories of gratitude and for the practice of counselling psychology, as well as future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine perceived benefits, detriments, and barriers to communication between pediatric providers and home visitors. The authors performed a cross-sectional, qualitative study consisting of 3 focus groups with paraprofessional home visitors (n = 12), 6 with parents receiving home visiting (n = 33), and 4 with pediatric providers whose patients received home visiting (n = 19). Emerging themes were generated by an inductive analytic approach. Perceived benefits included home visitors assisting parents with communication, giving providers family information, and reinforcing providers' guidance. Detriments included parental concern of sharing confidential information and providers becoming aware of family issues for which they are unprepared to act. Barriers included parental consent, logistics of home visitor-provider communication, and providers' lack of knowledge about home visitor programs/roles. Greater coordination between home visitation programs and pediatric providers may strengthen home visiting services and reinforce advice and anticipatory guidance given by providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Serials Cooperative Cataloging Training Program's Serials Holdings Workshop was developed in 2001 with the attempt to introduce and provide training for the new MARC 21 format for Holdings Data (2000) standards and formal and to promote its implementation in libraries and local systems. The course material has gone through major revision with the publication of the second edition in 2002 and the latest revision in 2004 to include sample implementations of various local library systems. The course includes background information and a brief history of the development of the standards. The instructions and exercises focus on creating MARC holdings and publication patterns. The MARC coding instructions are system-neutral yet the course includes samples of local system implementation and includes time for discussion of local implementation and workflow issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the successful adaptation of the U.S. Evercare system to primary care in Great Britain. Evercare was established in the U.S. 16 years ago to provide health care for 60,000 elderly people living in both nursing homes and the wider communities across 15 states. The scheme provides enhanced medical care and co-ordination of services. Doctors, specially trained nurses and care staff work together to deliver clinical programmes, which improves patient outcomes and reduces the need for urgent medical care.

Background. Family-centeredness, compassion, and trust are 3 attributes of the clinician-parent relationship in the medical home. Among adults, these attributes are associated with patients' adherence to clinicians' advice. Objectives. The objectives were (1) to measure medical home attributes related to the clinician-parent relationship, (2) to measure provision of anticipatory guidance regarding injury and illness prevention, (3) to relate anticipatory guidance to parental behavior changes, and (4) to relate medical home attributes to anticipatory guidance and parental behavior changes. Methods. A cross-sectional study of data collected among at-risk families when children were 1 year of age, in a randomized, controlled trial of a home-visiting program to prevent child abuse and neglect, was performed. Modified subscales of the Primary Care Assessment Survey were used to measure parental ratings of clinicians' family-centeredness, compassion, and trust. Parental reports of provision of anticipatory guidance regarding injury and illness prevention topics (smoke alarms, infant walkers, car seats, hot water temperature, stair guards, sunscreen, firearm safety, and bottle propping) and behavior changes were recorded. Results. Of the 564 mothers interviewed when their children were 1 year of age, 402 (71%) had a primary care provider and had complete data for anticipatory guidance items. By definition, poverty, partner violence, poor maternal mental health, and maternal substance abuse were common in the study sample. Maternal ratings of clinicians' family-centeredness, compassion, and trust were fairly high but ranged widely and varied among population subgroups. Families reported anticipatory guidance for a mean of 4.6 ± 2.2 topics relevant for discussion. Each medical home attribute was positively associated with parental reports of completeness of anticipatory guidance, ie, family-centeredness (β.026, SE β=.004), compassion... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were taught to utilize a visual support (a graphic symbol representing 'Can 1 Play?') to request entrance into play activities. Acquisition of graphic symbol use resulted from the implementation of a naturalistic intervention strategy that included creating communicative opportunities, providing a model of the desired behavior, prompting the participant to engage in the desired behavior (via a least-to-most prompting hierarchy and time delay), and providing access to natural consequences for appropriate participant responses. Intervention occurred in the context of ongoing play activities in the classroom. Results showed that the intervention strategy was effective in teaching participants to request entrance into play activities for all three participants. The collateral impact of the graphic symbol use on the participant's 'off-task' behavior and use of verbal language, and survey data on the acceptability of the intervention to preschool staff are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome-based physical map of chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Use of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model in metazoan genetics and molecular biology; Procedure of the construction of the gene map; Features of the genetic map.