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The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) requires high-field magnet designs and has therefore adopted the REBCO-based high-temperature superconductor (HTS) as its current carrier. The HTS enables the toroidal field (TF) coils to be remountable, which unlocks STEP's vertical maintenance approach; however, remountable joints, approximately 18 GJ of stored energy and limited space down the centre of a spherical tokamak, make the TF coils the most challenging. STEP has pursued a passive approach to TF coil quench protection in order to limit coil terminal voltage. Initial results suggest that a solution may rely on tuning internal coil resistance coupled with actively powered heaters. The pre-conceptual inter-coil structure demonstrates acceptable stresses and deflections under steady-state operating conditions and preliminary fault scenarios, and loads are distributed to limit the tensile force on the TF centre rod. Finally, the HTS must operate reliably in a high radiation environment and endure high neutron fluences, ensuring commercially relevant magnet lifetimes. Initial experiments indicate that instantaneous gamma irradiation of HTS has no negative impact on current carrying capacity. Experimental programmes are underway to cold irradiate HTS to fusion-relevant fluences and to develop a method of assuring tape irradiation tolerance using oxygen ions as an analogue for neutrons. This article is part of the theme issue 'Delivering Fusion Energy – The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP)'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks linked by carbon‐carbon double bonds (C=C COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline, porous, and conjugated polymeric materials with potential applications in organic electronics, photocatalysis, and energy storage. Despite the rapidly growing interest in sp2 carbon‐conjugated COFs, only a small number of closely related condensation reactions have been successfully employed for their synthesis to date. Herein, we report the first example of a C=C COF, CORN‐COF‐1 (CORN=Cornell University), prepared by N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) dimerization. In‐depth characterization reveals that CORN‐COF‐1 possesses a two‐dimensional layered structure and hexagonal guest‐accessible pores decorated with a high density of strongly reducing tetraazafulvalene linkages. Exposure of CORN‐COF‐1 to tetracyanoethylene (TCNE, E1/2=0.13 V and −0.87 V vs. SCE) oxidizes the COF and encapsulates the radical anion TCNE⋅− and the dianion TCNE2− as guest molecules, as confirmed by spectroscopic and magnetic analysis. Notably, the reactive TCNE⋅− radical anion, which generally dimerizes in the solid state, is uniquely stabilized within the pores of CORN‐COF‐1. Overall, our findings broaden the toolbox of reactions available for the synthesis of redox‐active C=C COFs, paving the way for the design of novel materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIdaho National Laboratory and the National Reactor Innovation Center (NRIC) constructed the Microreactor Agile Non-nuclear Experimental Test bed (MAGNET) to reduce uncertainty and risk for microreactor developers, users, and regulators. Additional capabilities, dubbed the Helium Component Test Facility (He-CTF) were added after construction was finished to provide a heat exchanger testing capability. The He-CTF construction was funded by the NRIC. MAGNET will generate validation data for dynamic modeling and scaling, thus enabling demonstration and validation of microreactor systems, components, and auxiliary systems. MAGNET was designed primarily for steady-state and normal startup, shutdown, and ramp transients around typical air-Brayton-cycle parameters of 650°C and 22 bar at a differential temperature of 290°C across the reactor. Some accident conditions, such as heat pipe failures, were envisioned. The facility has a capacity of 250 kW and can use nitrogen (N2) or helium (He), with maximum mass flow rates of 938 g/s for N2 and 70 g/s for He. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibular dentures are considered dubious in terms of retention in resorbed ridges. Implant bearing overdentures can be a solution to the abovesaid issue. Various attachments in use offer variations in retention and maintenance. The aim was to assess long term durability and retention of implant supported overdenture attachments. Two implant bearing overdentures were placed in 20 patients. Magnet and ball attachment were used and dentures were evaluated over a period of three years at different time intervals. Difference of attachments’ performance between intervals was assessed with ANOVA test and Tukey HSD post hoc test and the level of significance was set at p˂0.05. There was a decline in retention throughout research period in both categories; the ball and socket batch showed statistically significant (P˂0.05) better retention force compared to that of magnet group. There was lesser decline in mean retention force of 10.97N±0.82 to 7.24N±0.903 from one month to three years in magnet attachment retained overdentures. Ball attachments offer better retentive forces than magnet category. Magnet bearing overdentures offer more durability in terms of retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is a new method that provides sutureless passage construction for tubular organs. Due to the high recurrence rate of conventional endoscopic treatment and the high morbidity and mortality of surgical procedures, the MCA technique shows promise. The aim of this review is to comprehensively examine the literature related to the use of MCA in different gastrointestinal diseases over the past few years, categorizing them according to the anastomotic site and describing in detail the various methods of magnet delivery and the clinical outcomes of MCA. MCA is an innovative technique, and its use represents an advancement in the field of minimally invasive interventions. Comparison studies have shown that the anastomosis formed by MCA is comparable to or better than surgical sutures in terms of general appearance and histology. Although most of the current research has involved animal studies or studies with small populations, the safety and feasibility of MCA have been preliminarily demonstrated. Large prospective studies involving populations are still needed to guarantee the security of MCA. For technologies that have been initially used in clinical settings, effective measures should also be implemented to identify, even prevent, complications. Furthermore, specific commercial magnets must be created and optimized in this emerging area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the spread of novel-generation cochlear-implant (CI) magnetic systems, access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for CI recipients is still limited due to safety concerns. The aim of this study is to assess and record the experiences of Hires Ultra 3D (Advanced Bionics) recipients who underwent an MRI examination. A multicentric European survey about this topic was conducted focusing on safety issues, and the results were compared with the current literature. We collected a total of 65 MRI scans performed in 9 otologic referral centers for a total of 47 Hires Ultra 3D recipients, including, for the first time, 2 children and 3 teenagers. Preventive measures were represented by scanning time and sedation for children. Head wrapping was used in eight cases, and six of the eight cases received local anesthesia, even if both measures were not needed. Only three patients complained of pain (3/65 examinations, 4.6%) due to the tight head bandage, and one of the three cases required MRI scan interruption. No other adverse events were reported. We believe that these results should encourage MRI execution in accordance with manufacturer recommendations for Ultra 3D recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructions encountered in biliary, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts are increasing in number due to successful percutaneous and endoscopic organ-saving procedures. Although functional recovery is established to an extent, failure of traversing an obstruction may end up necessitating invasive surgical procedures. Multidisciplinary collaboration may traverse the limitations of each individual approach, therefore creating the perfect intervention for the patient. Magnetic compression anastomosis is a minimally invasive procedure that can provide a great outcome in select cases with biliary, gastrointestinal, or urinary tract obstructions. Critical relevance statement: In this article, various applications of magnetic compression anastomosis are reviewed with illustrative cases of esophageal, biliary, colonic, and urinary obstructions that cannot be traversed with a wire. This method will expand the spectrum of interventions performed in the IR unit. Key Points: Magnets can enable wire access beyond an impassable obstruction. Magnets can create anatomical and non-anatomical anastomosis at an occlusion. Magnetic compression anastomosis is a minimally invasive procedure that can provide great outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe Human Rights Campaign's annual Healthcare Equality Index (HEI) evaluates participating organizations' (n = 906) treatment of LGBTQ+ employees and clients. Higher HEI scores reflect greater equitable treatment of LGBTQ+ persons, a mark of merit for the organization. The American Nurses Credentialing Center recognizes nursing excellence in healthcare organization by designating them Magnet® institutions (n = 612). Blackwell and colleagues showed a significant relationship between organizational HEI scores and recognition as Magnet®. The purpose of this study was to determine if this relationship changed between 2018 and 2022. Chi-square tests analyzed statistical relationships between aggregate HEI score as well as each sub-criterion within the HEI, and the organization's Magnet® status. HEI score and Magnet® status-maintained association (p = <.001). Three of four individual scoring criteria were also related to Magnet® recognition, an improvement from just one of the criteria in 2018. Organizations with greater commitment to LGBTQ+ equality continue to be associated with Magnet® recognition, suggesting a continued commitment to healthcare excellence. Future research should focus analysis efforts across the same organizations between HEI and Magnet® data collection points and assess LGBTQ+-inclusive care and employment practices and organizational nursing excellence with tools external to the HEI and Magnet® recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Budget constraints, staff shortages and high workloads pose challenges for German hospitals. Magnet® and Pathway® are concepts for implementing organization-wide change and redesigning work environments. There is limited research on the key elements that characterize nurse leaders driving the implementation of Magnet®/Pathway® principles outside the U.S. We explored the key attributes of nurse leaders driving organization-wide change through Magnet®/Pathway® principles in German hospitals. Methods: Using a qualitative study design, semi-structured interviews (n = 18) were conducted with nurse leaders, managers, and clinicians, in five German hospitals known as having started implementing Magnet® or Pathway® principles. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed in Atlas.ti using content analysis. For the analysis, a category system was created using a deductive-inductive approach. Results: Five leadership attributes and eleven sub-attributes were identified as main themes and sub-themes: Visionary leaders who possess and communicate a strong vision and serve as role models to inspire change. Strategic leaders who focus on strategic planning and securing top management support. Supportive leaders who empower, emphasizing employee motivation, individualized support, and team collaboration. Stamina highlights courage, assertiveness, and resilience in the face of challenges. Finally, agility which addresses a leader's presence, accessibility, and rapid responsiveness, fostering adaptability. Conclusions: The study demonstrates leadership attributes explicitly focusing on instigating and driving organization-wide change through Magnet®/Pathway® principles in five German hospitals. The findings suggest a need for comprehensive preparation and ongoing development of nurse leaders aimed at establishing and sustaining a positive hospital work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in owner-reported pain, interference of pain on function, and quality of life (QOL) in dogs with clinically suspected osteoarthritis when wearing a collar containing a static magnet. ANIMALS: 16 dogs over 5 years old weighing between 10 and 40 kg with a clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis and on stable treatment. METHODS: A prospective, blinded crossover study in which dogs wore a collar containing a static magnet or placebo for two 4-week study arms separated by a 2-week washout period. Clients completed the Canine Brief Pain Inventory prior to collar placement and then weekly throughout each arm. Changes in QOL, pain severity, and pain interference scores from the beginning to the end of these arms and changes between the arms were calculated and analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. RESULTS: 40% of included dogs were on stable doses of NSAIDs. The pain severity scores (PSS), pain interference scores (PIS), and QOL scores were not significantly different at the start of the arms. There was no significant change in PSS or PIS from the start to end of the placebo arms (median changes, 0 and -0.1). Both PSS and PIS reduced significantly during the magnet arms (median changes, -1.0 and -1.2, respectively). The QOL scores did not change significantly in either arm (median changes, 0 and 0). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This preliminary study suggests that magnetic collars reduce owner-reported pain severity and pain interference on function in dogs with clinically suspected osteoarthritis, and further, larger investigations are now warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It took longer time than initially expected for development of cuprate superconducting materials for practical applications. However, there are about 20 companies that manufacture and supply long conductors and bulk materials at present. Although various large‐scale projects have supported the process of material development, material and equipment developments have been progressing under the leadership of manufacturers in recent years. In this paper, current status of development of high‐temperature superconducting materials, including MgB2, which is classified as a high temperature superconductor, and their applications are summarized, along with the history, basic physical features and recent topics. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the fabrication of a 25.2 T NMR magnet for an extreme condition user facility in China. The magnet is made using a combination of low-temperature superconducting (LTS) and high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials. The use of HTS materials allows for higher field strengths and better signal-to-noise ratios in NMR experiments. The article also describes the challenges in winding solenoid coils with HTS materials and proposes a novel random ordering method to minimize inconsistencies. The fabricated magnet demonstrates excellent field stability and homogeneity, making it a useful tool for material science research and potentially expanding its application in medical imaging. [Extracted from the article]

There are two types of speech processors used in CI devices: behind-the-ear (BTE) and off-the-ear (OTE). This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients and revision cases in relation to the type of speech processors. A retrospective review of 452 ears that underwent CI was performed. Children with severe inner ear anomalies (91.7%) more frequently preferred BTE speech processors than those without severe inner ear anomalies (p =.000). The magnet strength used in OTE speech processor users was significantly higher than in BTE speech processor users (p =.002). In cochlear implantees who underwent surgery before 12 months of age, the magnet strength in the revision group was greater than in the non-revision group (p =.025). Overall, our findings suggest factors to consider when choosing the type of speech processor and modifying the magnet strength of the implant device. The choice between BTE and OTE speech processors led to different required magnet strengths, contributing to the occurrence of skin flap inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In electrochemical machining, acids are extensively used as electrolytes to machine components. The use of acids to machine SS304 pollutes the environment and has a lot of safety issues. Hence, the use of environmentally friendly electrolytes is in high demand. NaCl is an eco-friendly electrolyte and is abundantly available at a lower price. The aim of this research is to propose a method to effectively use NaCl electrolyte to machine SS304. In this research, a novel method of machining using a dual fluid system has been adopted to machine SS304. A dual fluid system uses two fluids during the machining process. The anodic dissolution of the workpiece is done by the primary fluid system that uses NaCl, while the secondary system is used to supply fluids that prevent the removal of material from unwanted regions in the machining zone and also aid in the removal of by-products formed in the machining zone. The purpose of the secondary fluid system is to act as a resistance towards the removal of material from unwanted regions. In all the experimental conditions, NaCl was used as fluid in the primary fluid system. In the secondary fluid system, aqueous solution of NaCl, NaNO3, NaHCO3, C12H22O11, and distilled water was used. Moreover, the influence of magnet is also studied. It was observed that when machining was done under the influence of a magnet, a reduction of stray current intensity was observed when using NaCl in secondary fluid system, thereby contributing to less severe attach in the workpiece. The output responses were evaluated based on taper angle, radial overcut, MRR, surface roughness, and radial-stray current affected zone. The combination of the primary and secondary fluid systems in dual fluid system-assisted ECM (DF-ECM) is an advanced electrochemical machining (ECM) process, which offers several advantages, including better control over the machining process, improved surface finish, and reduced chances of pit formation at the entry side of the hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damage to the central nervous system causes severe consequences for patients and increases medical costs. In spinal cord injuries, due to sensitive nerves, there is a need for a high-precision and non-invasive method to transfer macromolecules to the damaged area of the spinal cord for nerve repair. The main objective of this study is a high-impact strategy for optimal delivery of macromolecules to spinal cord injuries using ultrasound and magnetic fields. Several permanent magnets and transducers of ultrasound waves with different arrangements, sizes, and angles are used. Their effect on the efficiency of delivering macromolecules to the target area is analyzed. The results determined that utilizing three or four magnets along with the transducer of ultrasound waves could have a precise performance in the delivery of macromolecules. Advances in combining ultrasound and magnetic fields in delivering macromolecules to the target area are associated with increased efficiency and accuracy. The interaction between ultrasound and magnetic forces balances the rotation of macromolecules and their useful movement toward the destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The machining of extremely hard material in conventional machining requires high energy. Therefore stress-free, burr-free, and high-accuracy machining technique like Electro Chemical Micro Machining (ECMM) with extra features is recommended. To improve efficiency, various electrolytes such as Magnet Associated Electrolytes (MGAE), Metal Particle Mixed Electrolytes (MPME), and Carbon Pellets Mixed Electrolytes (CPME) are employed. The micro-holes were drilled over the work material MONEL 400 alloy. The parameters for the studies are electrolyte type, concentration (g/l), machining voltage (V), and duty cycle (%). The responses of ECMM are estimated through material removal rate (MRR) in μm/sec and overcut in μm. The results are optimized using Multi-objective optimization based on ratio analysis (MOORA) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). Both techniques produce the same optimal parameter, 18th experiment CPME, 50% duty cycle, 11 V machining voltage, and 28 g/l electrolyte concentration. It is the best optimal parameter solution for machining. According to the ANOVA table of both, the type of electrolyte plays a 62.6% and 60.37% contribution, respectively, to machining performance. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis perused on the micro holes to extend the effect of different electrolytes on machining surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate management of children and young people presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with magnet ingestion before and after new guidance. Methods: In May 2021, a National Patient Safety Agency and Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) Best Practice Guideline about management of ingested magnets was published. This was implemented in our department. Children and young people presenting after magnet ingestion were identified from SNOMED (coded routinely collected data) and X‐ray requests between January 2016 and March 2022. Management was compared to national guidance. Results: There were 138 patient episodes of magnet ingestion, with a rising incidence over the 5‐year period. Following introduction of the guideline, there was a higher incidence of admission (36% vs. 20%) and operative intervention (15.7% vs. 8%). Use of follow‐up X‐ray increased from 56% to 90%. There was substantial variation in the management prior to guidance which reduced after introduction of the RCEM guidance. Conclusion: Management of magnet ingestion has become more standardised since introduction of the National RCEM Best Practice Guideline, but there is still room for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic drug delivery is an effective method to decrease the side effects of traditional drug delivery methods. To enhance the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticle transport, a precise and cost-effective magnetic system is required. In this research, different arrangements of NdFeB magnets for drug delivery in human spinal cord were presented and then compared. Assummed magnetic nanoparticles are injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and focused on the disease site with external magnets. The effects of these magnets on nanoparticles have been investigated. The results show that the arrangement of sharp magnets has a more accurate performance in delivering nanoparticles to the damage site than other arrangements. The designed magnetic system can improve the accuracy of drug delivery in the spinal cord compared to previous methods. To enhance the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticle transport, a precise and cost-effective magnetic system is required. In this research, various configuration of permanent NdFeB magnet is used to conduct magnetic drugs to the target in the spinal cord. Besides, the behavior of magnetic nanoparticles in magnets fields is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is often assumed that people experiencing homelessness gravitate to large cities and central city areas because of the concentration of homelessness services — a so-called magnet or honeypot effect. Yet little is actually known about how people experiencing homelessness move across space over time. This article explores this geography by comparing the mobility of those experiencing homelessness, those 'at-risk', and those renting privately in Australia, between waves in two Australian panel surveys: Journeys Home and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA). Results suggest that while people experiencing homelessness are more likely to move than the other two groups, they more similarly short distances and appear more likely to move for reasons such as relationship breakdown, eviction and to escape violence. While some evidence of movement to areas with particular characteristics (sorting) was detected amongst those at-risk and those renting privately, this was not the case for those experiencing homelessness. Results do not support the contention that people experiencing homelessness gravitate to central urban areas well-resourced with homelessness services over time. The findings challenge assumptions about magnet effects and homelessness and have important implications for the provision and delivery of homelessness services in Australia and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of applying additive technology of selective laser melting for preparing specimens from hard magnetic alloy 25Kh15KA is considered. Melt spraying is used to prepare initial powders for melting with a good yield and adaptability to additive manufacturing. Experimental cylindrical samples with a size of ∅10 × 12 mm and ring magnets with an outer diameter of 46 mm, an inner diameter of 37.8 mm, and a height of 6 mm, are prepared. Microstructures of the specimens are studied and magnetic parameters are measured. Conformity of the properties of magnets produced by additive technology and cast magnets is demonstrated. A novel method of structure multifractal analysis is used to show that synthesized magnets are resistant to external effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many patients with cochlear implants (CI) and auditory brainstem implants (ABI) require magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following implantation. This study explores the patient experience of MRI, identifying factors associated with pain, and the effect of interventions designed to enhance comfort and safety. A prospective observational case series from a tertiary referral unit. Tight head bandaging ± local anaesthetic injection (devices with non-MRI-compatible magnets) or observation alone (implants with MRI-compatible magnets) were employed for 1.5 T MRI of consecutive adult patients with CI or ABI without magnet removal. Pain was recorded via visual analogue scale (1 = no pain, 5 = extreme pain) at three time points; (1) baseline, (2) head bandage applied (3) during scanning. Patient age, device type, body area imaged and total scan time were recorded as variables, alongside adverse events. Data were collected for 227 MRI scans (34 patients with ABI, 32 with CI). In patients managed with bandaging, pain score after bandaging but prior to scanning (median 2.2) did not differ from pain during scanning (2.1), but both were significantly higher than baseline (1.4, both P ≤ 0.001). Scanning areas other than the head/cervical spine was associated with higher pain scores (P = 0.036). Pain during MRI differed between different manufacturers implants (P ≤ 0.001). Adverse events occurred in 8/227 scans (3.5%), none occurring with devices containing an MRI-compatible magnet. MRI scanning with auditory implant magnets in situ is safe and well tolerated by patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bore diameters of magnets and envelopes of beams in a low energy beam transport (LEBT) system should be large. The large diameter of magnet expands the fringe field as the fringe field distribution depends on the aperture size of the magnet. To avoid magnetic field interference and prevent damage, we investigate the fringe field distribution of a magnet. Further, we present two beam dynamics case studies, wherein all the requirements of a multi-purpose application system using different acceleration modes for neutron generation and implantation are satisfied. Providing energies between a few tens to hundreds of kiloelectronvolts, is an essential apparatus for material science studies in the low energy-region. Considering the fringe field effect of the developed magnets, the LEBT system has been re-designed to satisfy these requirements. We describe the magnetic field distributions in terms of beam dynamics parameters, and discuss it with regard to the two operation modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in-flight fragment (IF) separator of RAON, the main device for producing rare isotope (RI) beams for nuclear science research and applications, is under development. The IF separator consists of a target, beam dump, magnets, and detector systems. The high-power target and beam dump for the 80 kW primary beam were fabricated using graphite. The IF magnet system consists of a total of 8 dipole magnets, 15 sets of quadrupole magnet triplet, 2 sextupole magnets, and power supply systems. In the high radiation region near the target and beam dump, warm iron high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets and radiation-resistive dipole magnet are used. In the other region, cold iron low temperature superconducting (LTS) quadrupole magnet triplets and normal conducting (NC) dipole and sextupole magnets are used. Fabrication of all IF magnets have been completed and on-site installation is in progress. Also, detectors for particle identification (PID) and data acquisition (DAQ) systems are currently being installed at the focal planes of the IF separator. The current status of IF separator is briefly introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pin-based shape-changing displays provide dynamic shape changes by actuating numerous pins. However, the large number of actuators required to move so many pins complicates the electrical path and mechanical structure, and creates a need for significant resources if one is to build such a display. Therefore, my research colleague and I proposed a simple pin-based shape-changing display, called MagneShape, that outputs shapes and motions without any electronic components. MagneShape consists of magnetic pins, a pin housing, and magnetic sheet. The magnetic force generated between the magnetic sheet and the magnetic pins levitates the pins vertically. We devised two methods for fabricating alternative magnetic pins, devised a method for controlling the magnetic pins, and developed design tools for MagneShape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse reactions in tattooed skin during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are rare but well known. Previous reports describe sudden burning pain in tattooed skin, sometimes accompanied by mild erythema and oedema when entering MRI scanners. The pathophysiology remains unclear, but simple direct thermal heating can be excluded. It has been hypothesized that MRI-triggered torque and traction create neural sensations from magnetic pigment particles. However, this case enlightens yet another possible mechanism. We present a 35-year-old woman experiencing reoccurring stinging sensations in three decorative black tattoos just seconds after the initiation of the MRI. Single-blind tests with handheld power magnets or a dummy could reproduce painful subjective feelings in her tattooed skin. Similar events were provoked during re-evaluation with MRI. Surprisingly, chemical analyses and electron microscopy of skin samples revealed carbon black as the colouring agent – no iron-based solids were detected. Our case demonstrates that MRI tattoo reactions are not limited to magnetic contaminants alone. More distinct subgroups of MRI-induced reactions may occur. We hypothesize that radiofrequency induction of surface currents in black carbon particles adjacent to sensory axons in the dermis may lead to neurosensations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, high-speed motors are receiving a lot of attention in the industrial field. When driving a motor at high speed, the advantages include high power density, high efficiency, and miniaturization. However, the disadvantages of the high-speed operation of motors are mechanical and structural safety. This is because the bearings used in high-speed motors require characteristics such as precision and low friction. There are two prominent types of bearings mainly used in high-speed motors: rolling bearings and magnetic bearings. A feature of rolling bearings is that they reduce frictional resistance by contacting points or lines between the shaft and the bearing. However, the disadvantages of rolling bearings are high mechanical friction losses due to the need for contact with the lubrication system. Maintenance costs are high. For this reason, a lot of research on bearings is being conducted to reduce the frictional loss of bearings and increase their efficiency and reliability. Bearings that are advantageous for high-speed operation are magnetic bearings that do not require lubricants, have no friction loss, and have low maintenance. However, magnetic bearings have disadvantages such as high cost and difficulty in miniaturization. In this paper, a stator with a separated teeth structure was used to compensate for these disadvantages. Using this, a model with miniaturization, light weight, and high manufacturability was proposed. The model name proposed in this study is called the STMB (separated teeth magnetic bearing). There are also disadvantages of the STMB model proposed in this paper. A model that compensates for this drawback is called the HSTMB (hybrid separated teeth magnetic bearing). The HSTMB reduces the weight by removing the back yoke of the stator and has advantages of a high filling rate and high productivity in the form of a module. As a result, high productivity, light weight, and high performance are possible when the HSTMB is applied, which was proven through FEA (finite element analysis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ingestion of foreign bodies is a very common emergency in the pediatric age. 80-90% will be expelled without problem, while 10-20% will require endoscopic extraction, and close to 1% will occasionally require surgical intervention. The ingestion of neodymium magnets (rare earth magnets) is increasingly frequent since they are commonly part of toys, accessories or ornaments, they are 5 to 20 times more powerful than conventional iron compound magnets. The vast majority of these accidental ingestions are unnoticed by the parents and the diagnosis is given at the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, although on occasions they may be asymptomatic and/or as a radiological finding. We present the clinical case of a 2-year-old male, with a history of autism, who was admitted due to abdominal pain, in whom foreign body ingestion (magnets) was noted when performing an abdominal X-ray, in different locations, requiring exploratory laparotomy, finding internal hernia secondary to enteroenteric fistula as a finding, as well as multiple entero-enteral fistulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel use of magnetic force to optimize modern surgical techniques originated in the 1970s. Since then, magnets have been utilized as an adjunct or alternative to a wide array of existing surgical procedures, ranging from gastrointestinal to vascular surgery. As the use of magnets in surgery continues to grow, the body of knowledge on magnetic surgical devices from preclinical development to clinical implementation has expanded significantly; however, the current magnetic surgical devices can be organized based on their core function: serving as a guidance system, creating a new connection, recreating a physiologic function, or utilization of an internal–external paired magnet system. The purpose of this article is to discuss the biomedical considerations during magnetic device development and review the current surgical applications of magnetic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-density on-board optical connectors are necessary for next-generation optical interconnects such as co-packaged optics in datacenter networks. To break through the size limitation of current optical connectors, we proposed the concept of introducing a magnetic attraction structure into an optical-fiber connector. We previously developed simplex and multi-fiber connectors on the basis of this concept. This article reviews the design and fabrication results of our developed multi-fiber magnetic connector, which provided low-insertion losses comparable to those of conventional multi-fiber push-on connectors while achieving space-saving connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive measurements require a vibration isolation system to safeguard against detrimental tremble. Two types of vibration isolation systems - passive and active - are currently implemented. The spring-based passive designs usually accompany with ineffective low-frequency response. Therefore, the active designs, consisting of sensors, feedback control systems, and actuators, are consolidated to improve the total effectiveness of the cancellation performance. In this work, we focus on developing the actuator founded on electromagnetic spring to be incorporated into our compact quantum gravimeter. Each spring-actuated part comprises two repelling Nd magnets positioned face to face inside a solenoid. With this configuration, the spring can also work in the passive mode via repulsive magnetic force. In the active mode, the exerted force is a result of magnetic fields formed by the magnets and the current-controlled solenoid coils. By changing the coil current, the stiffness of the spring can be modified, and thus the displacement can be controlled. Different sizes of magnets are explored, and their force behaviors in passive and active modes are characterized. The implementation scheme of the actuator in the quantum gravimeter is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate cochlear implant (CI) magnet-related MRI artifact shape and size, as well as imaging indications and clinical adequacy of scans. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing CI and subsequent MRI head imaging from 2014 to 2020 at a single institution. Indications and adequacy of each scan was recorded, and interpretability compared by indication. Magnet-related artifact size was determined by performing ellipsoid modeling at axial slice of greatest signal loss. Artifact radius in centimeters was calculated for 5 sequence categories, and size compared between sequences, manufacturers, and by time from implantation. Results: Twenty patients underwent 58 head MRI scans. Approximately 76% of MRIs (n = 44) for 70% of patients (n = 14) were performed for indications known of prior to implantation; the remainder were performed during workup of new issues. Desired structures were interpretable in 23 (52%) of known-indication MRIs and 8 (57%) of new-indication MRIs, without significant difference (P =.751). Magnet-related artifact magnitude, compared to the reference T1-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) (4.47 cm), was similar in T2 FSE (4.57 cm, P =.068) and T1 gradient echo (GRE) sequences (4.79 cm, P =.28), but significantly greater in T2 GRE (6.86, P <.0001) and DWI (7.56 cm, P <.0001) sequences. Conclusions: DWI and T2 GRE sequences are less useful in MRI evaluation of CI patients. With a more favorable artifact profile, T1 FSE, T2 FSE, and T1 GRE sequences more likely yield clinically useful information. The large proportion of scans performed for known pathology represents an opportunity to optimize for magnet location preoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Accidental ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies has become more common due to the greater availability of toys with these elements, being a clinical problem between 6 months and 3 years of age, which must be treated promptly since they could cause life-threatening gastrointestinal complications. CLINICAL CASE: A 4-year-old male schoolboy, who presented abdominal pain of 4 days of evolution, colic type, intermittent, without other symptoms; clinically stable, the abdomen without data of peritoneal irritation. An AP and lateral standing X-ray of the abdomen is performed, which shows images of radiopaque foreign bodies (chain of magnets) in the gastric chamber and partial intestinal pneumatization. An endoscopy was performed where 4 spherical magnets embedded in the gastric mucosa that conditioned transmural perforation were visualized. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, finding a perforation in the posterior face of the gastric body that fistulized towards the jejunum and another mirror perforation in the colon, and a chain of 15 circumferential magnets was extracted from the gastric cavity. CONCLUSION: The ingestion of magnets must be diagnosed in a timely manner through a directed questioning, based on a simple abdominal X-ray, since this will define the diagnosis and early endoscopic and/or surgical treatment and thus avoid greater gastrointestinal complications secondary to the electromagnetic charge of the magnets, time of ingestion, location and number of foreign bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast development in the compact and wearable opto-electronics devices need a high-performance electromagnetic (EM) shielding materials that are shows a unique feature like lightweight and flexible in characteristics that increase the problems of electromagnetic pollution. At present technological aspects, the absorption predominant microwave shielding materials are gain the huge demand for preventing the major problems of electromagnetic interference over the modern electronic devices as well as environment. In the report we presents synthesis of multifunctional composite thin film material that adequately includes the exceptional EMI shielding, mechanical flexibility and magnetic properties of composite thin film for portable and wearable electronic devices which could be operated at GHz frequencies. The Co 0.5 Ni 0.5 Ce x Sm y Fe 2-x-y O 4 (denoted as CNCSF) its scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revel the fact that the samples highly agglomerated characteristics features of the prepared thin film samples, this agglomerated structure of the composite film will enhance the EMI shielding performances and strain sensing responses. Further, the prepared thin films were subjected to characterized XRD and Raman spectroscopic techniques to analyse the crystallinity and different functional groups present in the prepared thin films. By doping of samarium and cesium nanoparticles into the Co 0.5 Ni 0.5 Fe 2-x-y O 4 forms the superior conducting islands and enhances the dielectric and magnetic properties of the composite thin films. Owing to the improved dielectric and magnetic properties this x,y = 0.02 ferrites based thin film nanocomposite with the 0.4 mm thickness exhibit the absorption predominated outstanding electromagnetic shielding responses in the order of −23 dB which is almost equal to 99.67% of shielding efficiency in broad band microwave frequencies. Furthermore, these material-based nanocomposite shields show exceptional stability in EMI shielding efficiency under the different mechanical stretching strains. In addition to superior excellent shielding material, this material-based nanocomposite thin film shows an exceptional strain sensing behaviour, which evident that multifunctional applications of this ferrites based thin material. Owing to the all-unique properties like light weight, flexibility, outstanding EMI-SE and excellent strain sensing behaviour, these ferrites-based material thin film could be employed in flexible and fortable electronic devices as crafty jacket on shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2007, Diane Ream Rourke published in this journal, the history and explanation for Baptist Hospital in Florida to include its library on its successful Magnet journey. This article draws heavily from American Nursing Credentialing Center (ANCC) Magnet Information pages. It begins with a quick review of the history of the Program, further suggestions for a librarian's contribution to obtain Magnet Recognition and a brief current literature review on the values Magnet Recognition brings to a hospital's economics, patient care, and nursing staff. The quick history review and suggestions on the librarian contribution to the Magnet journey are based on an invited CE course by this author. The literature review on the values Magnet Recognition brings to a hospital's economics, patient care, and nursing staff was part of a presentation this author prepared for the Chief of Nursing. This author was a Magnet Champion and Magnet exemplar when Virtua Health first earned its first Magnet designation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irredeemable magnetic losses of Sm(Co, Fe, Zr, Cu)7.8 permanent magnets caused by oxidation are very important for their practical application. In this work, the simulated results with R2 ≥ 98% based on the data of the temperature cycling test and the long-term isothermal test for the original samples confirmed that the magnetic flux losses reached 9.38% after the 5000th cycle in range R.T.–300 °C, and 7.15% after oxidated at 180 °C for 10 years, respectively. Demagnetization curves showed that the low-temperature oxidation mainly led to the remanence attenuation, while the coercivity remained relatively stable. SEM observation and EDS analysis revealed that an oxide outer layer with a thickness of 1.96 μm was formed on the surface of the original sample at 180 °C for 180 days, in which there was no enrichment or precipitation of metal elements. However, once a Cu, O-rich outer layer with a thickness of 0.72 μm was grown by using a temperature cycling from −50–250 °C for three cycles, the attenuation of magnetic properties could be inhibited under the low-temperature oxidation. This work suggested that the magnetic attenuation of Sm2Co17-type permanent magnets in the low-temperature field could not be ignored, and provided a simple method to suppress this attenuation of magnetic properties below 300 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radioisotopes are one of the essential cornerstones of modern medicine. They serve both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. These radioisotopes are mainly produced using charged particle accelerators such as cyclotrons. In this paper, we present a description of a compact high-field superconducting magnet as it is considered the most important part of the cyclotron accelerator because it is approximately 60% of the overall TAAC30 cyclotron design. This 30 MeV cyclotron uses the magnet to boost a magnetic field two times higher than the recently developed conventional H-cyclotrons. This magnet will also be a modern, state-of-the-art design not only because of the higher magnetic field, but also smaller size, lower maintenance, lighter weight, and lower power consumption in comparison with any other magnet available. This design also allows both low construction requirements with operation costs for the production of PET isotopes, which require an internal water target. The acceleration frequency is 200 MHz, and an operating power level of 2–3 kW is foreseen for the acceleration, powered by a compact water-cooled solid-state RF amplifier. The cyclotron, as well as the beam, operates as a fully continuous wave with a 100% duty cycle. This design aims to provide a sustainable supply of the critical imaging isotopes F-18 and N13, eliminating the need of supplying from other production facilities for small centers. Additionally, this paper presents simulation results of this magnet using multiple analysis models, which are sufficient and present high capability in accelerator field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Due to evidence for proton beam therapy (PBT) in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors, compact proton therapy systems became commercially available to allow better integration in a hospital setting. However, these systems have a non-zero magnetic field at the level of the patient. Often, these patients have a cerebrospinal fluid shunt, and most of them are adjustable through a magnet. Whether the induced magnetic fields could interfere with adjustable shunts is unknown. Methods: In the first five CNS tumor patients with adjustable shunts who underwent PBT, the shunt setting was controlled before, during, and after treatment with PBT. Additionally, we used an ex vivo adjustable shunt to check if the settings could be altered by the magnetic field. Results: We did not observe unintentional changes in shunt settings in vivo during treatment. In ex vivo testing, the shunt settings were altered directly cranial to the exit window of PBT due to the magnetic field. Conclusion: Although we did not observe any shunt setting alteration during PBT in this small cohort, caution is warranted. Given the lack of high-volume data, there should be a low threshold for checking the shunt setting at the end of PBT therapy or in a symptomatic patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed an articulated mobile robot that can move on the magnetic curved walls and traverse through obstacles for wall surface inspections of a large tank. This robot is equipped with magnetic wheels and is able to stick to and move on steel wall. We add passive roll joints and turn off the torque of the pitch joints to ensure the wheels keep in contact with the curved surface. The developed robot is tested through experiments in the laboratory and also in a field test at the World Robot Summit 2020. The experiments are conducted to confirm the movements of the robot on the curved wall surface and when the units are lifted for obstacle traversal. As the results, the robot is not able to overcome an obstacle near the wall such as a handrail but is able to move freely on the curved wall surface and traverse some obstacles on the corner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to synthesize available literature describing the development, implementation and evaluation of a Professional Practice Model. Background: A Professional Practice Model is an overarching theory‐based framework that depicts nursing values and defines the structure and process of nursing care. No research has synthesized available literature on this topic in recent times. Evaluation: A review of English language papers was published from 2015 to 2022. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Key Issues: All studies highlighted the importance of having a Professional Practice Model that reflects nursing care activities and resonates with nurses across an organization. This is achieved through strong leadership and clinical nurse involvement during the development, implementation and evaluation phases. In addition, a model should be adapted to keep up to date with scientific changes relevant to nursing. Conclusions: This review adds to the body of knowledge on the development, implementation and evaluation of a Professional Practice Model. Future research exploring the benefit of a Professional Practice Model on patient outcomes would be useful. Implications for nursing management: The key elements of a Professional Practice Model including six components and theoretical foundation have been summarized in this review. Nurse leaders should consider these key elements in the creation of a Professional Practice Model. For successful enculturation, a Professional Practice Model needs to be relevant to all nurses and easy for them to articulate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear switched-flux machines are a kind of permanent magnet machine with a passive ferromagnetic secondary. Therefore, they can achieve both a good performance and a low cost in long stroke applications. However, due to the end effect, these machines generate high detent force and on load thrust force ripples. There are several solutions in the literature that aim to minimise the thrust ripple. One of those solutions is the placement of additional poles in the ends of the machine. These can be passive, i. e. simple ferromagnetic teeth, or active, with additional magnets. The former is the most common solution in the literature. In this article, the optimal configuration of the additional poles is discussed via 4 additional pole sizing strategies, and the influence of the design variables and optimisation objectives is analysed. Then, a generic additional pole configuration is proposed, which combines a high effectiveness and a simple design. Finally, an experimental validation is carried out, and the measurements confirm the results from the optimisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a case where ingestion of multiple bead magnets caused multiple perforations of small bowel and required surgical intervention. Pressure necrosis of intervening loops of small intestine led to tiny perforations at multiple sites without contamination of the abdomen. All of those magnets were retrieved by performing enterotomy and resection & anastomosis done at few sites. If unattended or missed out they can even lead to death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• End-of-life audio products are potential recycling sources for NdFEB magnets. • HPMS recycles audio products in a commercially viable time frame. • Hydrogen interactions with extracted magnets were fully analysed by IGA. • Recycled magnets, blended with NdH 3 , showed similar properties to the originals. The transition towards green and sustainable technologies has significantly increased the demand for a subset of raw materials known as critical elements. Rare earth elements with their main use in Neodymium-Iron-Boron magnets (NdFeB) play a key role in clean energy technologies including electric vehicles and wind turbine generators. They are also a key component in electronic devices including mobile phones, hard disk drives, and loudspeakers. Here, we build on previous knowledge of the recycling of NdFeB magnets from hard disk drives, using a hydrogen process called HPMS (Hydrogen Processing of Magnet Scrap). This study investigates a new scrap stream from loudspeakers, specifically from vehicles and flat-screen TVs. The extracted magnets from loudspeakers typically had grades of N30/N33 with relatively low coercivity values. The interactions of the extracted magnets with hydrogen were monitored by gravimetric and thermal analyses. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the hydrogenation reaction appear to differ significantly based on their chemical composition, chemical homogeneity, coating state, and surface condition of the magnets. Overall, the HPMS process was demonstrated to successfully produce demagnetised hydrogen decrepitated powder at room temperature under 2 bar of hydrogen, in a commercially viable timeframe (approx. 4 h). Zinc was found to be the dominant coating material which peeled away during the HPMS process. The zinc content of the NdFeB alloy powder could be reduced after the hydrogen decrepitation by sieving. The remaining level of zinc had no noticeable impact on the magnetic properties of the recycled magnets. The particle size of the recycled alloy powder could be reduced to below 7 µm by ball milling and knife milling but with an increase in the oxygen level, limiting its sintering ability. Sintered magnet from the recycled alloy powder demonstrated similar magnetic properties (Br: 1.06 T, H cJ : 1240 kA/m, and (BH) max : 220 kJ/m3) after blending with 5 wt% of NdH 3 , making vehicles and flat-screen TV speakers ideal sources for a recycled magnet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a large-area electron beam (EB) irradiation method, high energy density of EB with about 60 mm in diameter can be used for melting metal surface instantly. Surface roughness of mold steels with planar shape decreases in a short time by the large-area EB irradiation. However, it is difficult to smooth a bottom surface of high aspect ratio hole, since the EB tends to concentrate on the entrance edge and/or upper inside wall of hole, and the energy density of the EB may decrease on the bottom surface of hole. Then, the method for guiding the EB to the bottom surface of high aspect ratio hole is required. The EB may concentrate on the bottom surface by control of magnetic field near the workpiece with the magnet, since the EB tends to move spirally along the magnetic force lines. In this study, guiding the large-area EB on the bottom surface of high aspect ratio hole is proposed by setting the magnet under the workpiece in order to smooth the bottom surface. Magnetic force lines near the workpiece are calculated by using the electromagnetic field analysis, and the possibility of guiding the EB to the bottom surface of high aspect ratio hole is investigated. Experimental and analytical results clarified that the bottom surface of high aspect ratio hole can be smoothed by multi-step EB irradiation with moving the horizontal offset distance of magnet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the effects of the implementation of a professional practice model based on Magnet principles on the nurse work environment in a Dutch teaching hospital. Design: A quasi‐experimental study. Methods: Data were collected from registered nurses working on the clinical wards and outpatient clinics of the hospital in June/July 2016 (baseline) and in June/September 2019 (measurement of effects). Participants completed the Dutch Essentials of Magnetism II survey, which was used to measure their perception of their work environment. After baseline measurements were collected, interventions based on a professional practice model incorporating Magnet principles were implemented to improve the nurse work environment. Descriptive statistics and independent t‐tests were conducted to examine differences between survey outcomes in 2016 and 2019. Results: Survey outcomes revealed significant changes in the nurse work environment between 2016 and 2019. Seven of the eight subscales (essentials of magnetism) improved significantly. Score for overall job satisfaction increased from 7.3 to 8.0 and score for quality of care increased from 7.0 to 7.6. On unit level, 17 of the 19 units showed improvement in the nurse work environment. Conclusion: The implementation of a professional practice model positively affects the nurse work environment, job satisfaction and quality of care. Impact: Nowadays, the quality of care is threatened by workload pressure and the low autonomy experienced by nurses. Considering the global shortage of nurses and growing complexity of healthcare, it is important to invest in improving the nurse work environment. The Magnet concept created a work environment in which nurses can deliver optimal quality of care. Knowledge of how Magnet principles affect the nurse work environment in the Netherlands is missing. These study results, including the description of how the interventions were implemented, will assist other hospitals to develop improvement strategies by focusing on the nurse work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, microreactor designs have been receiving significant attention in the nuclear industry due to their potential advantages in certain applications. These nuclear reactor designs have been considered to provide reliable and sustainable power for on-site installation and operation. Microreactors may be utilized to provide heat and power to hydrogen production, remote communities, and industrial facilities such as military installations, disaster relief zones, and are being considered for underwater and deep space operation as well. However, these designs and concepts remain largely untested and unproven in the commercial industry. Further research and development are still required to prove microreactor designs are safe and reliable for commercial use. Different cooling technologies have been taken into consideration for microreactor concepts since the 1960s, mainly for federal space reactor projects such as LEGOLRCS, HOMER, and KRUSTY. This work provides thermal hydraulics and analysis for the Idaho National Laboratory's MAGNET (Micro-reactor Agile Non-nuclear Experimental Testbed) facility. The MAGNET facility is currently being developed to duplicate a microreactor design using heat pipe cooling technology. Our main goal is to examine the response of the test facility under steady-state and transient operation conditions. We constructed our own estimated model of the MAGNET geometry using a software coupling method made up of MOOSE/SAM software systems. The steady state results of this work have been published in a former article. The new results mainly focus on the transient states. By communicating with the Idaho National Laboratories, we upgraded the geometry of MAGNET heat pipes. This not only verifies the design of the facility under such conditions but also benchmarks the modeling capability of the MOOSE/SAM code system that can be potentially used to model other microreactor concepts in the future. • Heat pipe micro reactor could be energy source of hydrogen production. • MAGNET is currently the experimental heat pipe micro reactor facility. • Multi-physical platform MOOSE/SAM are used to conduct the calculation. • Transient cases include different heat pipe failure numbers and times. • The results explore the safety and reliability edges of the heat pipe micro reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of micro components in various fields such as biomedical, medical, automobile, electronics, automobile and aviation significantly improved. To manufacture the micro components, different techniques exist in the non-traditional machining process. In those techniques, electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) exhibits a unique machining nature, such as no tool wear, non-contact machining process, residual stress, and heat-affected zone. Hence, in this study, micro holes were fabricated on the copper work material. The sodium nitrate (NaNO3) electrolyte is considered for the experiments. During the experiments, magnetic fields strength along with UV rays are applied to the electrolyte. The L18 orthogonal array (OA) experimental design is planned with electrolyte concentration (EC), machining voltage (MV), duty cycle (DC) and electrolyte temperature (ET). The optimization techniques such as similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and grey relational analysis (GRA) were employed to find the optimal parameter combinations. The entropy weight method is used to assess the weight of responses such as MR and OC. The optimal combination using TOPSIS, VIKOR and GRA methods shows the same results for the experimental runs 8, 9 and 7, and the best optimal parameter combination is 28 g/l EC, 11 V MV, 85% DC and 37°C ET. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, electrolyte concentration plays a significant role by contributing 86% to machining performance. The second and least contributions are DC (3.86%) and ET (1.74%) respectively on the performance. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images analyses are carried out to understand the effect of magnetic field and heated electrolyte on the work material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a unique and powerful diagnostic tool that provides images without ionizing radiation and, at times, can be the only modality to properly assess and diagnose some pathologies. Although many patients will need an MRI in their lifetime, many of them are still being unjustly denied access to it due to what were once considered absolute contraindications, including MR nonconditional pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. However, there are a number of large studies that have recently demonstrated that MRI can safely be performed in these patients under certain conditions. In addition, there are an increasing number of novel cardiac devices implanted in patients who may require an MRI. Radiologists need to familiarize themselves with these devices, identify which patients with these devices can safely undergo MRI, and under which conditions. In this article, we will review the current literature on MR safety and cardiac devices, elaborate on how to safely image patients with cardiac devices, and share the expertise of our tertiary cardiac institute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a magnet temperature estimation method applicable to an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) at a standstill has been newly devised. First, it is analyzed that an inductance of IPMSM varies according to not only a magnet temperature but also a rotor angle, which is spatial harmonics. The analysis is verified in a small-scaled motor-generation set (MG-set), where magnet temperatures can be directly measured. Based on the analysis and experimental results, it is demonstrated that spatial harmonics can make no negligible error in the magnet temperature estimation. Therefore, the estimation method has been newly devised in this article, considering spatial harmonics. As a result, the devised method can reduce the maximum estimation error from 25.3 to 6 °C based on experimental results in the small-scaled MG-set. Additionally, the devised method has been verified as feasible for use in the small-scaled motor and the traction motor of a mass-produced electric vehicle. As a result, the proposed method can estimate the magnet temperature accurately at every rotor position of both motors. Through this online estimation, the maximum estimation error is less than 5 °C even when the stator winding temperature is varying in both a small-scaled motor and the traction motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined simulation method of Magnet/ Simulink was proposed for radial electromagnetic levitation control. Firstly, the model of radial electromagnetic levitation system was built in Magnet software, and the program block diagram of PID control electromagnetic levitation system was built in Simulink. Then the radial electromagnetic levitation system model in Magnet was imported into the control program of Simulink. The radial electromagnetic levitation system Magnet/ Simulink joint simulation control model was established for the PID control simulation of the radial electromagnetic levitation system. The simulation results show that the Magnet/ Simulink co-simulation method can realize the real-time monitoring of the electromagnetic force, rotor velocity, rotor displacement and other parameters in the suspension control process. The co-simulation method of Magnet/ Simulink not only improves the efficiency of electromagnetic levitation control simulation, but also puts forward a new idea to explore the influence of control method or controller parameters on electromagnetic levitation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a switchable frequency selective surface (FSS) based on the rotatable magnet is first proposed for polarization selector. The unit cell of the switchable FSS is composed of a rotatable cuboid‐magnet and a F4B substrate. The cuboid‐magnet is inserted into the substrate which controlled by the orthogonal dual‐U‐shaped electromagnetic control system. The FSS has a characteristic of polarization selectivity at 8.66 GHz by rotating the cuboid‐magnet. To confirm the simulation results, a prototype of the proposed FSS is fabricated and measured. The measured result shows that the switchable FSS can selective the passband in transverse‐electric polarization or transverse‐magnetic polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]