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Background: Diabetic kidney disease is an established risk factor for heart failure. However, the impact of incident heart failure on the subsequent risk of renal failure has not been systematically assessed in diabetic population. We sought to study the risk of progression to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) after incident heart failure in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 1985 outpatients with type 2 diabetes from a regional hospital and a primary care facility in Singapore were followed for a median of 8.6 (interquartile range 6.2–9.6) years. ESKD was defined as a composite of progression to sustained eGFR below 15 ml/min/1.73m2, maintenance dialysis or renal death, whichever occurred first. Results: 180 incident heart failure events and 181 incident ESKD events were identified during follow-up. Of 181 ESKD events, 38 (21%) occurred after incident heart failure. Compared to those did not progress to ESKD after incident heart failure (n = 142), participants who progressed to ESKD after heart failure occurrence were younger, had higher HbA1c and higher urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio at baseline. The excess risk of ESKD manifested immediately after heart failure occurrence, persisted for two years and was moderated thereafter. Cox regression suggested that, compared to counterparts with no heart failure event, participants with heart failure occurrence had 9.6 (95% CI 5.0- 18.3) fold increased risk for incident ESKD after adjustment for baseline cardio-renal risk factors including eGFR and albuminuria. It appeared that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction had a higher risk for ESKD as compared to those with reduced ejection fraction (adjusted HR 13.7 [6.3–29.5] versus 6.5 [2.3–18.6]). Conclusion: Incident heart failure impinges a high risk for progression to ESKD in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Our data highlight the need for intensive surveillance of kidney function after incident heart failure, especially within the first two years after heart failure diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer causes a huge disease burden, and early detection of positive pulmonary nodules (PPNs) as an early sign of lung cancer is extremely important for effective intervention. It is necessary to develop PPNs risk recognizer based on machine learning algorithm combined with central carbon metabolomics. Methods: The study included 2248 participants at high risk for lung cancer from the Ma'anshan Community Lung Cancer Screening cohort. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was used to screen 18 central carbon-related metabolites in plasma, recursive feature elimination (RFE) was used to select all 42 features, followed by five machine learning algorithms for model development. The performance of the model was evaluated using area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores. In addition, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was performed to assess the interpretability of the final selected model and to gain insight into the impact of features on the predicted results. Results: Finally, the two prediction models based on the random forest (RF) algorithm performed best, with AUC values of 0.87 and 0.83, respectively, better than other models. We found that homogentisic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, hippuric acid, gluconic acid, and succinic acid played a significant role in both PPNs prediction model and NPNs vs PPNs model, while 2-oxadipic acid only played a role in the former model and phosphopyruvate only played a role in the NPNs vs PPNs model. This model demonstrates the potential of central carbon metabolism for PPNs risk prediction and identification. Conclusion: We developed a series of predictive models for PPNs, which can help in the early detection of PPNs and thus reduce the risk of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the associations between plasma metabolites in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway and the risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma tryptophan, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenic acid, and xanthurenic acid concentrations were measured in discovery (n = 1,915) and replication (n = 346) cohorts. External validation was performed in Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) participants with diabetes (n = 1,312). The primary outcome was a composite of incident ESKD (progression to estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <15 mL/min/1.73 m2, sustained dialysis, or renal death). The secondary outcome was annual eGFR decline. RESULTS: In the discovery cohort, tryptophan was inversely associated with risk for ESKD, and kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) was positively associated with risk for ESKD after adjustment for clinical risk factors, including baseline eGFR and albuminuria (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] 0.62 [95% CI 0.51, 0.75] and 1.48 [1.20, 1.84] per 1 SD). High levels of kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid were associated with low risks of ESKD (0.74 [0.60, 0.91] and 0.74 [0.60, 0.91]). Consistently, high levels of tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and xanthurenic acid were independently associated with a slower eGFR decline, while a high KTR was predictive of a faster eGFR decline. Similar outcomes were obtained in the replication cohort. Furthermore, the inverse association between kynurenic acid and risk of ESKD was externally validated in CRIC participants with diabetes (adjusted HR 0.78 [0.65, 0.93]). CONCLUSIONS: Accelerated catabolism of tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway may be involved in progressive loss of kidney function. However, shunting the kynurenine pathway toward the kynurenic acid branch may potentially slow renal progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the silage mulberry on growth performance, slaughter performance, amino acid and fatty acid content of longissimus dorsi muscle of Hu sheep. A total of 24 healthy male Hu sheep with similar birth date, parity and weight were randomly divided into two groups, with three replicates in each group and four sheep in each replicate. The sheep in control group were fed with 50% peanut vine + 50% concentrate diet, the sheep in F group were fed with 40% peanut vine + 10% silage mulberry + 50% concentrate diet. The feeding trial lasted for 60 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily gain of sheep in F group was extremely increased (P<0.01), feed to gain ratio was extremely reduced (P<0.01), carcass weight, slaughter rate, net meat weight, meat percentage and eye muscle area were significantly or extremely increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with control group, the pH45 min, pH24 h, a45 min and a24 h of meat in F group were significantly or extremely increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The content of total amino acids, fresh amino acids, sweet amino acids and essential amino acids in longissimus dorsi muscle in F group were extremely increased (P<0.01). The content of heptadecenoic acid, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, monounsaturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid in longissimus dorsi muscle of F group were significantly or extremely increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The total content of carmyoleic acid, pentacarbonate, palmitic acid, heptadacarbonate, stearic acid and saturated fatty acid were significantly or extremely decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The experiment indicates that the addition of 10% silage mulberry can improve the growth performance, slaughter performance, optimize the composition of amino acid and fatty acid in muscle of Hu sheep and improve the nutritional value of muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) was recently identified as an amplifier of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)–induced kidney fibrosis in animal models. We aimed to study whether urine LRG1 is associated with risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 1,837 participants with type 2 diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were recruited from a regional hospital and a primary care facility. Association of urine LRG1 with risk of ESKD (progression to sustained eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2, dialysis, or death resulting from renal causes) was assessed by survival analyses. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 8.6 (interquartile range 5.8–9.6) years, 134 incident ESKD events were identified. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, participants with baseline urine LRG1 in the highest tertile had a 1.91-fold (95% CI 1.04–3.50) increased risk of progression to ESKD, after adjustment for cardiorenal risk factors, including eGFR and albuminuria. As a continuous variable, 1 SD increment in urine LRG1 was associated with a 1.53-fold (95% CI 1.19–1.98) adjusted risk of ESKD. Of note, the association of urine LRG1 with ESKD was independent of plasma LRG1. Moreover, urine LRG1 was associated with rapid kidney function decline and progression to macroalbuminuria, two common pathways leading to ESKD. CONCLUSIONS: Urine LRG1, a TGF-β signaling modulator, predicts risk of progression to ESKD independently of clinical risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that it may be a novel factor involved in the pathophysiological pathway leading to kidney disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with periodic boundary conditions. We obtain complete Birkhoff normal form of order six. As an application, the long time stability for solutions of small amplitude is proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photochromic materials coupled with photoswitchable luminescence functionalities are of particular interest due to their potential applications in switches and optical memory devices. However, the construction of such materials, especially those with two-color emission states, is still challenging. In this context, a rare Zn7 cluster-based host–guest MOF material, (bbmp)[Zn7(IPA)6(OH)4(H2O)2] (1) (H2IPA = isophthalic acid, bbmp·2I = 4,4′-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bis(1-methylpyridin-1-ium) diiodide), was prepared by encapsulating an organic cation into an anionic MOF produced from zinc cations and isophthalic acid ligands, which exhibits reversible naked detectable photochromic properties varying from yellow to green upon UV-Vis light irradiation. The photoactive guest bbmp2+ and the short O⋯N+ distances between the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups and the pyridine ring play a crucial role in the photochromism of this compound. More interestingly, the luminescence color of this cluster-based host–guest material can be reversibly switched from green to blue upon irradiation, exhibiting photoswitchable luminescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of photochromic units into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is of particular interest due to their ability to endow the MOFs with extra functions such as photomodulated fluorescence, photomagnetism, and photomodulated electrical conductivity. In this work, a π-conjugated electron-deficient viologen ligand was assembled with La3+, resulting in a stable cationic MOF with one-dimensional channels, namely [La(bdpbpy)(H2O)2]·NO3·5H2O (1-NO3) (H4bdpbpy·2Cl = 1,1′-bis(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride). As expected, 1-NO3 exhibits photochromism accompanied by an obvious color change from yellow to brown under UV-vis light irradiation. Remarkably, the water stable cationic framework of 1-NO3 acts as an efficient and selective trap for toxic dichromate through ion-exchange. The π-conjugated electron-deficient viologen ligand in the framework can provide extra affinity for iodine adsorption, and thus 1-NO3 exhibits sorption behaviours for iodine molecules. More importantly, the iodine adsorption capacity of 1-NO3 was significantly reduced when it was irradiated by UV-vis light. This is attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) changing the original charge distribution of the bipyridinium moieties on the channel and weakening the affinity for the N+⋯I–I interaction. This work breaks through the traditional design strategy to construct MOF adsorbent materials with controllable adsorption capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanoresponsive luminescent materials refer to materials exhibiting luminescence intensity and/or color change in the solid-state induced by external mechanical stimulation and are attracting considerable attention for their potential applications in many fields. For organic molecular materials, the mechanoresponsive luminescence phenomenon can significantly depend on the molecular packing modes and orientations of individual fluorophores, enabling the development of molecular materials with mechanoresponsive luminescence characteristics. Naphthalene diimides (NDIs) are well-known organic dyes with an electron-deficient plane, making them excellent candidates for exploring mechanoresponsive luminescence properties owing to their photophysical and photochemical properties that depend on the packing modes and are very sensitive to the micro-environment. In this work, a new binary charge transfer cocrystal complex with sensitive mechanoresponsive luminescence, IsoNDI·anisole (C1) (IsoNDI = N,N-di(4-pyridylacylamino)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide), was designed and prepared. C1 shows interesting enhanced emission characteristics and reversible mechanochromic luminescence properties with a prominent color change from orange to bright green-yellow by mechanical grinding. This study demonstrates that the development of new mechanoresponsive luminescent materials through donor–acceptor interactions is an effective avenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a circulating protein potentially involved in several pathways related to pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). We aimed to study whether plasma LRG1 is associated with risks of incident HF and hospitalization attributable to HF (HHF) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Research Design and Methods: A total of 1,978 individuals with type 2 diabetes were followed for a median of 7.1 years (interquartile range 6.1-7.6). Association of LRG1 with HF was studied using cause-specific Cox regression models.Results: In follow-up, 191 incident HF and 119 HHF events were identified. As compared with quartile 1, participants with LRG1 in quartiles 3 and 4 had 3.60-fold (95% CI 1.63-7.99) and 5.99-fold (95% CI 2.21-16.20) increased risk of incident HF and 5.88-fold (95% CI 1.83-18.85) and 10.44-fold (95% CI 2.37-45.98) increased risk of HHF, respectively, after adjustment for multiple known cardiorenal risk factors. As a continuous variable, 1 SD increment in natural log-transformed LRG1 was associated with 1.78-fold (95% CI 1.33-2.38) adjusted risk of incident HF and 1.92-fold (95% CI 1.27-2.92) adjusted risk of HHF. Adding LRG1 to the clinical variable-based model improved risk discrimination for incident HF (area under the curve [AUC] 0.79-0.81; P = 0.02) and HHF (AUC 0.81-0.84; P = 0.02).Conclusions: Plasma LRG1 is associated with risks of incident HF and HHF, suggesting that it may potentially be involved in pathogenesis of HF in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Additional studies are warranted to determine whether LRG1 is a novel biomarker for HF risk stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photochromic materials with tunable luminescence have attracted considerable interest owing to their potential applications in various fields. However, making such materials with expected properties has always been a challenge. In this work, two metal–organic framework based host–guest compounds, [MV]·[Cd3(TPDC)4] (1) and [MV]·[Cd2(BTC)2(H2O)] (2) (MV·2NO3 = 1,1′-dimethyl-(4,4′-bipyridinium)dinitrate; H2TPDC = thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid; H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), have been synthesized by incorporating photoactive methyl viologen into an anionic metal–organic framework formed from cadmium cations and polycarboxylic acid ligands. Due to the presence of photoactive methyl viologen, both compounds exhibit electron-transfer photochromic behavior not only towards sunlight and indoor light irradiation but also towards X-rays. The photochromic response of compounds 1 and 2 originates from the carboxyl group to methyl viologen electron transfer. More interestingly, compounds 1 and 2 show good luminescence emission and their luminescence can be modulated upon sunlight irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic recombination of two triplet excitons with opposite spins in the heterojunction structure has been investigated using a nonadiabatic evolution method. We demonstrate that luminous composite states including the excited polaron and the biexciton can be formed efficiently via the triplet exciton–triplet exciton reaction in the heterojunction and therefore this reaction can enhance the electroluminescence efficiency considerably, which is consistent qualitatively with experimental observations. Meanwhile, we find that, although the heterojunctions are beneficial to the generation of luminescent particles, large band offset caused by the heterojunction structure is not helpful to improve the electroluminescence efficiency. In addition, the mechanism of the triplet exciton–triplet exciton reaction in heterojunction is different from that of two similar coupling chains. Our results may deepen the understanding of the electroluminescence mechanism in polymer light-emitting devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective strategy for designing and synthesizing multifunctional materials incorporates functional organic moieties and metal ions or clusters using self-assembly. In this study, a multifunctional one-dimensional cationic metal–organic framework material based on Lewis acidic sites and the redox ability of a bipyridinium derivative has been successfully developed. Under UV-vis irradiation, [Eu(dpbp)2(H2O)4]·Cl (1) (H2dpbp·PF6 = 1-(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium hexafluorophosphate) exhibits interesting reversible photochromic behavior with color changes that are visible to the naked eye. Because of the presence of Lewis acidic sites, 1 can be considered an excellent colorimetric sensor for the selective detection of amine vapors. At room temperature, 1 exhibits a strong red light emission, which endows it with good luminescence sensing ability for Cr2O72− anions. This work will motivate us to rationally design and synthesize more multifunctional materials based on bipyridinium derivatives which serve as practical multi-responsive materials to sensing light and chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanoresponsive luminescent materials coupled with other functionalities are of particular interest due to their multiple external stimuli responsive properties. In this paper, a new sensitive mechanoresponsive luminescent coordination polymer, [Cd(INI)(DMF)2·DMF] (1) (H2INI = N-(5-isophthalic acid)-1,8-naphthalimide), has been successfully designed and synthesized. Complex 1 exhibits interesting mechanoresponsive and grinding-enhanced luminescence properties, and its luminescence colour changed from weak blue-green to bright blue upon grinding owing to the external pressure-induced destruction of π⋯π stacked arrangements in local defective areas. Moreover, the luminescence properties and uncoordinated carbonyl groups of well-ground g-1 endow it with excellent sensing ability for Cr3+ ions. This work will provide a new perspective to rationally design multifunctional coordination polymers that can serve as practical multi-responsive sensors to pressure and chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ternary combination of CuI, lanthanide cations and electron-deficient viologen based organic tectons led to a donor–acceptor (D–A) hybrid heterostructural framework with a narrow energy gap. Thanks to the electron transfer between inorganic donors (cuprous iodide clusters) and organic acceptors (viologen based tectons), this unique hybrid framework exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activities towards the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) in comparison with those of lanthanide cations and bulk CuI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The progression trajectory of renal filtration function has not been well characterized in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) although albuminuria is often reported in this population. We aim to study the risk of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with early-onset T2DM. Methods In total, 1189 T2DM participants were followed for 3.9 (interquartile range 3.2–4.7) years. Progressive CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline of ≥5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year. Early-onset T2DM was defined as age at T2DM diagnosis between 18 and 30 years. Results Compared with later-onset counterparts (N  = 1032), participants with early-onset T2DM (N  = 157) were more obese and had poorer glycaemic control at baseline. In the follow-up, 24.2% and 15.6% experienced progressive CKD in early-onset and later-onset participants, respectively (P = 0.007). Logistic regression suggested that participants with early-onset T2DM had 2.63-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46–4.75] higher risk of progressive CKD after accounting for multiple traditional risk factors. Furthermore, the excess risk of progressive CKD associated with early-onset T2DM mainly occurred in participants with preserved renal function [eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, odds ratio (OR) 2.85, 95% CI 1.50–5.42] and was more pronounced in those with diabetes duration <10 years (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.51–8.90). Conclusions Individuals with early-onset T2DM have a higher risk of progressive CKD. The excess risk mainly exhibits in early stage of CKD and cannot be solely attributed to traditional risk factors and a longer diabetes duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of ionized-donor-bound excitons (D+,X) in a parabolic quantum-well wire in the presence of a magnetic field are studied numerically in the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory. The binding energy of (D+,X) structures is calculated as a function of the oscillator length for different values of the magnetic field by using the one-dimensional effective potential model and the finite-difference method. The results show that the binding energy increases as the oscillator length decreases, and that it is also increased by enhancing the magnetic field. The binding energies of the complex for the two different dissociation processes are taken into account, and their behaviors are discussed in detail. The Haynes factor is found to increase rapidly with decreasing oscillator length in the case of strong parabolic potential confinement. In addition, the average interparticle distances and the probability density distributions are investigated for a given set of values of the oscillator lengths and the magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the scattering matrix method, we investigate the spin-dependent conductance and the shot noise of the multichannel ferromagnetic/semiconductor/ferromagnetic heterojunctions in the presence of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We find that spin-up and spin-down electrons have different contributions to the conductance and the shot noise. The rounded quantum plateaus of the conductance appear when the length of the semiconductor is made shorter. As the number of conducting channels in the system increases, the shot noise power oscillates and the Fano factor is increasingly suppressed. We also find that interband mixing due to the SOC brings significant effects on the spin-dependent conductance and the shot noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ground state of a negatively charged donor (D-) in a parabolic GaAs quantum-well wire in the presence of a magnetic field is investigated using the finite difference method within the quasi-one-dimensional effective potential model. The magnetic effects on the binding energies of the ground state of a D- center are calculated for various parabolic potentials. The distance between the electrons and the donor ion and the distance between the two electrons are also calculated, respectively, as a function of the strength of the parabolic potential and the magnetic field. We find that the interplay of the spatial confinement and the magnetic confinement of electrons in quantum-well wires leads to complicated behavior of the binding energies of the D- center and that the increase of the electron-donor ion attraction dominates the increase of the electron-electron repulsion as the spatial and magnetic confinement increases for the ground state of a D- center in a parabolic quantum-well wire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the binding energies of a hydrogenic-donor impurity in a cylindrically symmetric GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs-coupled quantum disk in the presence of a uniform magnetic field for different disk and barrier thicknesses, disk radii, and donor ion positions within the disk. The magnetic field is assumed to be applied parallel to the disk axis. The calculations were performed using a variational procedure for finite-confinement potentials within the effective-mass approximation. The calculated results show that the binding energy is dependent on the interplay of the spatial confinement and magnetic-field confinement: A high magnetic field significantly enhances the binding energy in the case of weak spatial confinement. The binding energy of a hydrogenic-donor impurity in two coupled quantum disks is found to be smaller than that in a corresponding single quantum disk, due to the coupling effect between the disks. In the limits of coupled quantum wells, the results we obtain are in good agreement with those previously obtained for the case in which the donor ion is located at the center of the quantum disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of compressive stress on the binding energy of shallow-donor impurity states in symmetrical GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs double quantum dots are calculated variationally using a parameterized wave function within the effective-mass approximation. Results are obtained for different dot and barrier widths, donor ion positions, and compressive stresses along the growth direction of the structure. In the direct-gap regime (for stress values up to 13.5 kbar) the binding energy increases linearly with the stress. In the indirect-gap regime (for stress values greater than 13.5 kbar) and with the donor ion at the center of the dot, the binding energy increases up to a maximum and then decreases. For all donor ion positions, the binding energy shows nonlinear behavior in the indirect-gap regime due to the Γ-X crossing effect. In the limit of single quantum wells, the results we obtain are in good agreement with those previously obtained for the case in which the donor ion is at the center of the well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calculates the effect of a spatially dependent effective mass in a finite GaAs/Al[sub x]Ga[sub 1-x]As parabolic quantum well with a magnetic field on hydrogenic impurity ground state binding energies and lowly excited state. Comparison of the results with square quantum wells and without the effect of spatially dependent effective mass result.

Background: Angiogenin, an enzyme belonging to the ribonucleases A superfamily, plays an important role in vascular biology. Here, we sought to study the association of plasma angiogenin and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: This prospective study included 1083 T2D individuals recruited from a secondary hospital and a primary care facility. The primary outcome was a composite of four-point MACE (nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina pectoris leading to hospitalization and cardiovascular death). Circulating angiogenin was measured by a proximity extension assay. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association of baseline plasma angiogenin with the risk of MACE. Results: During a median follow-up of 9.3 years, 109 (10%) MACE were identified. Plasma angiogenin was significantly higher in participants with MACE than in those without MACE (P < 0.001). Doubling of plasma angiogenin concentration was associated with a 3.10-fold (95% CI 1.84–5.22) increased risk for MACE. The association was only moderately attenuated after adjustment for demographic and cardiometabolic risk factors (adjusted HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.34–4.23) and remained statistically significant after additional adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (uACR) (adjusted HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.02–3.53). A consistent outcome was obtained when plasma angiogenin was analysed as a categorical variable in tertiles. Conclusions: Plasma angiogenin was associated with the risk of future cardiovascular events in patients with T2D and may be a promising novel biomarker for identifying high-risk T2D patients for early management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness can achieved above 0.6 and overall cooling effectiveness can reach 0.8 for the laminated cooling effectiveness with continuous slot film outflow. • The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness can be doubled by replacing the discrete cylindrical film holes with continuous slot outflow in same blowing ration condition. • The lowest flow resistances coefficient of laminated cooling configuration with continuous slot film outflow benefits from the largest flow area and lowest velocity of film coolant among the four cases. The discrete film hole is the most common form of film cooling configurations in the turbine vane and blade. To enhance the film cooling effect, the improved hole, such as expanding-shape hole, is being used to replace the traditional cylindrical hole in the vane and blade cooling design. However the slot film outflow is been seen as the best form of film cooling when compared to the discrete holes. The slot film cooling configuration is usually used in the trailing edge of turbine vane and blade, but cannot be used in the mid-body of turbine vane and blade, with be drawback of lower mechanical strength. The present paper used the slot film outflow on the laminated cooling configuration. With the ribs in the laminated cooling configuration, the novel configuration can remarkably overcome the mechanical drawback of the simple slot film cooling, and can enhance the film cooling effect of the laminated cooling configuration. To investigate the cooling effect of laminated configuration with slot film outflow, four kinds of specimens are designed, including the traditional design with discrete film hole (baseline), the rearrangement design with discrete film hole (case A), the novel design with discrete slot (case B), and the novel design with continuous slot (case C). The Conjugate heat transfer (CHT) computations and the Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) test methods are used to assess the overall cooling performance (η overall ) and the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness (η film ). The results show the two slot design cases (case B and case C) have higher film cooling effectiveness with more covered surface areas of film outflow, while performs lower flow resistance due to the lower flow velocity of the coolants in the slot. With the increase of Br , the film cooling effectiveness of two slot design cases (case B and case C) can keep increase, but the two hole design case (baseline and case A) cannot increase at area of Br > 0.55. At the blowing ratio near 0.96, for the baseline case, case A, case B, and case C, the area-averaged film cooling effectiveness is 0.26, 0.20, 0.68, and 0.50 respectively; and area-averaged the overall cooling effectiveness is 0.72, 0.81, 0.89, and 0.85 respectively; the flow frictions coefficients is 1.78, 2.15, 1.37, and 2.01 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Betaine-type ligands are an attractive class of zwitterionic molecule, which have attracted considerable interest because they may not only keep the versatile coordination modes of carboxylate groups but also provide a new way to adjust the charge distribution of coordination polymers by cationic pyridinium groups. In this article, two coordination polymers composed of betaine-type ligand and azide anions, {[Co 2 (L)(N 3) 4 ]n·2H 2 O} n (1), [Zn(L)(N 3) 2 ] n (2) (H 2 L·2Cl = 1,4-bis(3-carboxylatopyridinium-1-methylene)benzene dichloride), have been synthesized. These compounds were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction crystal structure analysis reveals that the complex 1 is a twofold interpenetrating three-dimensional framework. The magnetic measure shows that complex 1 exhibits a ferromagnetic behavior at low temperature. Complex 2 displays a one-dimensional chain, which is further extended into a 3D framework through hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions. The luminescence data of complex 2 shows the emission of a yellow luminescence. Remarkably, complexes 1 and 2 both exhibit a good photocatalytic activity for degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under the simulated sunlight irradiation. Two carboxylate-azide coordination polymers have been synthesized based on the zwitterionic ligand. The carboxylate-azide coordination polymers exhibit good photocatalytic activity for degradation of rhodamine B. Image 1 • 3D structure with flexible zwitterionic ligand. • Complex 1 exhibits ferromagnetic behavior at low temperature. • The emission spectra of 2 exhibits the yellow luminescence. • Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit good photocatalytic activity for degradation of rhodamine B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2,4,6‐Tris(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (tpt), as an organic molecule with an electron‐deficient nature, has attracted considerable interest because of its photoinduced electron transfer from neutral organic molecules to form stable anionic radicals. This makes it an excellent candidate as an organic linker in the construction of photochromic complexes. Such a photochromic three‐dimensional (3D) metal–organic framework (MOF) has been prepared using this ligand. Crystallization of tpt with Cd(NO3)2·4H2O in an N,N‐dimethylacetamide–methanol mixed‐solvent system under solvothermal conditions afforded the 3D MOF poly[[bis(nitrato‐κ2O,O′)cadmium(II)]‐μ3‐2,4,6‐tris(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐κ3N2:N4:N6], [Cd(NO3)2(C18H12N6)]n, which was characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The X‐ray diffraction crystal structure analysis reveals that the asymmetric unit contains one independent CdII cation, one tpt ligand and two coordinated NO3− anions. The CdII cations are connected by tpt ligands to generate a 3D framework. The single framework leaves voids that are filled by mutual interpenetration of three independent equivalent frameworks in a fourfold interpenetrating architecture. The compound shows a good thermal stability and exhibits a reversible photochromic behaviour, which may originate from the photoinduced electron‐transfer generation of radicals in the tpt ligand. A fourfold interpenetrating cadmium(II) metal–organic framework, which has been prepared using the 2,4,6‐tris(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine ligand, exhibits prominent photochromic behaviour upon UV–Vis light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A stable three-dimensional coordination polymer, [Eu 2 (pbbp)(pbsd) 3 ] (1) (H 2 pbsd = 2,2′-((1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(sulfanediyl))dinicotinic acid, H 2 pbbp·2Cl = 1,1′-(1,4-phenylene-bis(methylene))-bis(3-carboxy pyridinium) dichloride), was prepared by the solvothermal reaction of Eu(NO 3) 3 ·6H 2 O, H 2 pbbp·2Cl and H2pbsd in mixed solvent of DMF and H 2 O, which was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. 1 exhibits a 3D 6-connected sqcl network decorated by uncoordinated Lewis basic thioether groups. In particular, 1 shows excellent application as luminescent sensor for sensing Ag+ ions in ethylene glycol solution with high sensitivity and selectivity based on luminescence quenching effect. Graphical abstract A stable three-dimensional coordination polymer with uncoordinated sites has been prepared by the solvothermal reaction, which exhibits a good selective and sensitive detection of Ag+ ions. fx1 Highlights • 3D structure with flexible carboxylate ligand. • The uncoordinated Lewis basic thioether groups within the pores of framework. • The Emission spectra of 1 exhibits the characteristic transition of Eu3+ ions. • Compound 1 exhibits good selective and sensitive for detection of Ag(I) ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on the developement of a technique, to calculate the binding energy of biexcitons in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells, with focus on physics. Method used to develop the technique; Calculation of the values of Ebxx/Ebx for twelve well thickness.

The ternary combination of metal cations, CuI and viologen based carboxylate leads to two donor–acceptor hybrid heterostructures with novel cuprous iodide clusters and narrow energy gaps. Thanks to the facilitated electron transfers between both donor and acceptor components, these unique hybrids exhibit enhanced photocatalytic degradation activities towards organic dyes under visible light irradiation in comparison with those of bulk CuI and viologen semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LiNi 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA) cathode is endowed with a high energy density and excellent cycling performance. However, the preparation conditions for this material are quite harsh. Therefore, it is rather significant to obtain well-qualified NCA by simple solid-phase synthesis. In this study, the solid-phase synthesis of NCA cathode material is carried out by mixing two types of raw materials via stirring or sand milling. The effects of different particle sizes on the structure and morphology of NCA materials are analyzed. Owing to the different particle sizes of the raw materials, the diffusion path of Li + between the solid phases differs greatly. The XRD results show that the samples mixed by stirring have a worse cation mixture than those mixed by sand milling due to the larger particle size, smaller sintering surface energy, and insufficient sintering strength. The electrochemical results show that the sample mixed by sand milling has a higher specific capacity at a low rate, the initial discharge capacity is 199.22 mAh g −1 , and the capacity retention rate is 86.9% after 50 cycles. In contrast, the initial discharge capacity of the sample mixed by stirring is 184.86 mAh g −1 , and the capacity is 171.93 mAh g −1 after 50 cycles with a 93.0% capacity retention rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three newcadmiumcoordination polymers, namely [Cd(NO3)2(DPNDI)(CH3OH)]·CH3OH(1), [Cd(SCN)2(DPNDI)] (2), and [Cd(DPNDI)2(DMF)2]·2ClO4 (3) (DPNDI = N,N-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8- naphthalene diimide, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) have been synthesized by reactions of DPNDI with Cd(NO3)2, Cd(SCN)2, and Cd(ClO4)2, respectively. Compound 1 is a one-dimensional coordination polymer with strong lone pair-π interactions between the coordinated NO3 - anions and the imide ring of DPNDI; while 2 is a two-dimensional network with a (4, 4) net topology. In the case of 3, due to the presence of uncoordinated perchlorate counter ions, it exhibits a non-interpenetrated square-grid coordination polymer containing one-dimensional rhomboid channels. The structural diversity in these compounds is attributed to different coordination abilities and geometries of counter anions. Due to the presence of electron-deficient NDI moiety, the photochromic behavior of these compounds was studied. Interestingly, only compounds 1 and 3 exhibit color changes under light irradiation. The influence of the anions on the photochromism process of the NDI-based materials has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naphthalene diimides are attracting considerable interest because of their tunable luminescent properties, which are generally achieved by the incorporation of electron-donating moieties into naphthalene diimides core to form donor-acceptor compounds through covalent bond. However, this method is an elaborate strategy because the separation of byproduct is tedious. Here we report that the luminescent properties of naphthalene diimides can be finely modulated by supramolecular cocrystal formation. Through the donor-acceptor interactions between the electron-deficient N,N ′-di-(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide (DPNDI) molecules and electron-rich naphthalene derivatives (guest), a series of cocrystal complexes are successfully fabricated. These cocrystal complexes show guest-dependent color-tunable emissions, which originate from the excited state charge transfer interactions between the DPNDI and naphthalene derivatives in the solid state. The present study anticipates providing a new method for the design of various new types of organic luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naphthalenediimides, a class of organic dyes with an expanded π-electron-deficient plane, have attracted considerable interest because of their photoinduced electron transfer from neutral organic moieties to stable anionic radicals. This makes them excellent candidates for organic linkers in the construction of photochromic coordination polymers. Such a photochromic two-dimensional coordination polymer has been prepared using N, N′-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide) (DPMNI). In crystallization tubes, upon slow diffusion of an MeOH solution of cadmium perchlorate into a CHCl3 solution of DPMNI, the complex poly[[bis[μ2-2,7-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)benzo[ imn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2 H,7 H)-tetrone-κ2 N: N′]bis(perchlorato-κ O)cadmium(II)] chloroform tetrasolvate], {[Cd(C26H16N4O4)2(ClO4)2]·4CHCl3} n, (I), was obtained. The asymmetric unit contains one Cd2+ cation, two DPMNI ligands, two coordinated ClO4− anions and four CHCl3 solvent molecules. Each Cd2+ cation is interconnected by four DPMNI linkers to generate a neutral two-dimensional naphthalenediimide coordination network with all the ClO4− anions above or below this plane. Strong interlaminar anion-π interactions between the coordinated ClO4− anions and the imide rings of an adjacent layer lead to a three-dimensional supramolecular structure. Compound (I) exhibits reversible photochromic behaviour and photocontrolled tunable luminescence properties, which may originate from the photoinduced electron-transfer generation of radicals in the DPMNI ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of CdCl2·2.5H2O with 1,1'-bis(3-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (H2L1·Cl2) or 4,4'-bis[(3-carboxypyridino)methyl]-biphenyl dichloride (H2L2·Cl2) in a dimethylformamide/methanol mixed-solvent system at room temperature, affording the complexes [(CdCl2)3(L1)3]n (1) and {[CdCl2(L2)(H2O)2]· 2H2O}n (2). They were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both 1 and 2 exhibit 1D coordination networks, which further stack into a 3D supramolecular structure by hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. Furthermore, these two complexes exhibit different photochromic behavior in the solid state, which may originate from different charge-distributions of H2L1·Cl2 and H2L2·Cl2 ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insertion of electron-rich iodoplumbate nanowires and nanolayers into layered electron-deficient metal-viologen frameworks leads to two donor–acceptor hybrid structures, respectively, which exhibit interesting semiconductor behaviors. Due to the bicontinuous donor and acceptor components, both of them exhibit highly efficient photocatalytic degradation activities over organic dyes under visible light irradiation compared to those of other iodoplumbate hybrid materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naphthalene diimides, which are planar, chemically robust and redox-active, are an attractive class of electron-deficient dyes, which can undergo a single reversible one-electron reduction to form stable radical anions in the presence of electron donors upon irradiation. This makes them excellent candidates for organic linkers in the construction of photochromic coordination polymers. Such a photochromic one-dimensional linear coordination polymer has been prepared using N, N′-bis(3-carboxyphenyl)naphthalene-1,8:4,5-tetracarboximide (H2BBNDI). Crystallization of H2BBNDI with magnesium nitrate in an N, N′-dimethylformamide (DMF)/ethanol/H2O mixed-solvent system under solvothermal conditions afforded the one-dimensional coordination polymer catena-poly[[bis(dimethylformamide-κ O)magnesium(II)]-bis[μ- N-(3-carboxylatophenyl)- N′-(3-carboxylphenyl)naphthalene-1,8:4,5-tetracarboximide-κ2 O: O′]], [Mg(C28H13N2O8)2(C3H7NO)2] n. The asymmetric unit contains half of a magnesium cation, one HBBNDI− ligand and one DMF molecule. Two partially deprotonated HBBNDI− ligands bridge two magnesium cations to form a one-dimensional chain. Strong inter-chain π-π interactions between the naphthalene rings of the HBBNDI− ligand and the imide rings of adjacent chains provide a two-dimensional structure. The supramolecular three-dimensional framework is stabilized by π-π interactions between naphthalene rings of neighbouring two-dimensional supramolecular networks. The complex exhibits a reversible photochromic behaviour, which may originate from the photoinduced electron-transfer generation of radicals in the HBBNDI− ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report an unprecedented hybrid structure of electron-rich iodoplumbate nanowires precisely inserted into the periodic pores of electron-deficient pyridinium metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of semiconductive MOFs in situ loaded with inorganic semiconductive nanowires via a simple self-assembly method. Due to the dissimilar semiconductivities between the host and guest components, this hybrid also represents the first bicontinuous donor–acceptor hybrid at the molecular level based on host–guest interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MnII-basedporousmetal-organicframework,[Mn3(btca)2-(HCOO)(μ3-OH)(H2O)2]·2DMF (1) (H2 btca = benzotriazole-5-carboxylate acid), was prepared by the solvothermal reaction of Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O and H2btca, which was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and X-ray crystallographic study. 1 exhibits 3D framework with 1D rectangle channels constructed by the strip-shaped chains containing [Mn5(μ3-OH)2(btca)4]- pentaclusters subunits. Furthermore, the magnetic measures show that 1 exhibits weak ferromagnetic behavior at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differential expression profiling of the fruit-specific genes between a blood orange ( Citrus sinensis cv. Tarocco) and a blonde orange ( Citrus sinensis cv. twenty-first century navel orange) was investigated by fruit transcriptome sequencing. The relative expression folds for Cs6g17570 and Cs5g31400 were significantly greater in the 'Tarocco' fruits, but Cs9g04810 transcripts had no significant differences between two accessions by digital gene expression profiling. In particular, R2R3-MYB, bHLH-type, and WD40-repeat proteins (encoded by Cs6g17570, Cs5g31400, and Cs9g04810) were transcription factors with each conserved domain and interacted in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), a key enzyme involved into anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, had greater transcription levels in Tarocco fruit and also in the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana by Cs6g17570 ectopic expression. Furthermore, Cs6g17570 and Cs5g31400 in Tarroco were upregulated by cold induction and then had similar expression profiling during cold storage. In conclusion, Cs6g17570, Cs5g31400, and Cs9g04810 encoding proteins might be involved into anthocyanin regulation in Tarocco by MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex as well as in other fruit trees. Studies on the anthocyanin regulatory mechanism will aid in development of new biotechnological tools for Citrus breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental investigation on a new configuration of film cooling hole, namely the near surface streamwise diffusion (NSSD) hole. A discrete streamwise diffused shallow submerged structure is constructed on the exit of a simple cylindrical hole. There is a middle bulge at the exit edge of the shallow submerged structure to expand the coolant laterally. The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness was measured using pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique on a flat plate model. The experiment was performed under density ratio DR = 1.38 and the blowing ratio M = 0.5–2.5. A simple cylindrical hole and a typical fan-shaped hole were chosen to be the baseline holes to be compared with NSSD hole. Six NSSD hole cases were tested and compared to investigate the influence of geometrical parameters. The experimental results showed that the cooling effectiveness of NSSD hole was significantly higher than the simple cylindrical hole but was slightly lower than the fan-shaped hole. The streamwise diffused shallow submerged structure can effectively expand the coolant laterally and can keep film attached to the surface under high blowing ratio. Due to the special flow mechanism, the laterally averaged cooling effectiveness of NSSD hole exhibited a ladder-style decreasing trend where the cooling effectiveness far downstream is close to the fan-shaped hole. The change of geometrical parameter of the near surface streamwise diffusion structure results in the obvious variation of cooling effectiveness especially at the high blowing ratio conditions. A smaller streamwise spacing between the middle bulge and the exit edge of the cylindrical hole can enhance the interaction between the coolant and the middle bulge, which is conducive to the increase of cooling effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laminated cooling configuration with integrated impingement, rib-roughed and film cooling can result in high overall cooling effectiveness and is believed to be a promising cooling configuration for the next generation of advanced gas turbines. Typical laminated cooling configuration usually employs discrete film holes which have the similar hole topology along the streamwise and the spanwise direction. Because the functioning distance of film cooling along the streamwise direction is much longer than that along the spanwise direction. So the discrete film cooling cannot perform well in the spanwise direction. A novel laminated cooling layout in which the film outlet spacing in the spanwise direction is much shorter than that in the typical layout was presented in this paper. The angled film holes are also employed to enhance the film cooling effectiveness and to reduce the coolant flow resistance. Conjugate heat transfer computations were performed to assess the overall cooling effectiveness and the coolants resistance. The computational results show that by employing angled film hole on laminated configurations with novel layout, the area-averaged overall cooling effectiveness was considerably improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two semiconductive inorganic–organic hybrid coordination polymers constructed from metal iodide clusters and naphthalene diimide semiconductive components, [Cu2I2(DPNDI)]n (1) and [PbI2(DPNDI)]n (2) (DPNDI = N,N′-di-(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide), have been synthesized and characterized. Although possessing similar 2D heterostructures, hybrids 1–2 exhibited different photo-induced electron-transfer properties. Due to the higher HOMO energy level of the [Cu2I2]n chain than that of the [PbI2]n cluster, only hybrid 1 can easily undergo intramolecular electron transfer to form a long-lived charge separated state, which may be applied in artificial photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulsating auroras are usually observed with ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves in the Pc 3–5 band (period 10–600 s). These auroras are thought to result from interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves, but their relationship with ULF waves remains an open question. In this study, we investigated this question by conducting a comparative study on two ULF wave events with pulsating auroras observed near the magnetic footprints. Conjugate observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and the Chinese Yellow River Station were used. In both events, lower-band chorus waves were observed, which were suggested to be connected with the auroral pulsations by wavelet analysis. The intensity of these waves oscillates at the period of the ULF waves, but the physics laid behind them differs by events. During the event of 22 January 2019, compressional ULF waves changed the threshold for the whistler anisotropy instability periodically, affecting the emission of chorus waves. In the event on 10 January 2016, poloidal ULF waves modulated the chorus wave generation by regulating electron temperature anisotropy through drift resonance. ULF waves in these events may originate from perturbations in the solar wind. We highlight the role of ULF waves in the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling, which requires further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two isomeric metal-organic frameworks are prepared based on naphthalenediimide and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. • Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit different photochromism and photocontrolled luminescence upon UV–Vis light irradiation. • Noncovalent interactions play an important role in the photochromic properties of MOFs. As a class of special type materials, photochromic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive attention because their usually show interesting color changes and coupled with the variation of some chemical and physical properties under light irradiation. In order to study the effect of secondary building on the photochromism of MOFs, two isomeric naphthalenediimide-based MOFs with different secondary building linkers, namely [Zn 2 (DPNDI)(2,6-NDC) 2 ] (1) and [Zn 2 (DPNDI)(1,4-NDC) 2 ] (2) (DPNDI = N, N '-di(3-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide, 1,4-H 2 NDC = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-H 2 NDC = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid), were synthesized via solvothermal reaction and the structure were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and TGA. Owing to the different C H···π interactions between the naphthalene moieties of dicarboxylic acid and electron-deficient DPNDI ligand, they showed different photochromic behaviors and photocontrolled luminescence upon ultraviolet-visible irradiation. Specifically, complex 2 was photochromic but complex 1 was not. The difference can be ascribed to the larger C H···π interaction in complex 1 than in complex 2. This work is expected to provide a new perspective for designing novel photochromic MOF materials Two isomeric naphthalenediimide-based MOFs with different secondary building linkers have been prepared, which exhibit different photochromic behaviors and photocontrolled luminescence upon ultraviolet-visible irradiation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational construction and modulation of charge-transfer based fluorescence materials in host-guest systems by virtue of donor–acceptor interactions remains a challenge owing to the elaborate self-assembly process of acceptor and donor components. Taking into account the design principles of the host-guest system, a well-defined MOF with electron-deficient properties should be an ideal host for the building of charge-transfer based fluorescence materials. Herein, an electron-deficient MOF host, [Cd 3 (NDC) 3 (tpt) 2 (H 2 O) 3 ] (1) (H 2 NDC = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, tpt = 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridinyl)-1,3,5-triazine), and a corresponding series of host-guest materials 1 ⊃guest (guest = phenanthrene for 2 , anthracene for 3 , pyrene for 4 , triphenylene for 5) with charge-transfer based fluorescence were successfully fabricated via the donor–acceptor interactions. Profiting from the clear electron-rich guests to electron-deficient MOF framework charge transfer interactions, the host-guest materials exhibit color-tunable emission over a wide range by rational selection of guest molecules. Furthermore, the electronic structure calculations reveal that the multicolor emission of the newly synthesized MOF materials depends on the HOMO energy level/ionization potential of guests. This work provides a hopeful strategy for the assembly of various novel charge transfer fluorescent materials as potential luminophores. A series of host-guest MOF materials were successfully fabricated by virtue of donor-acceptor interactions, which exhibit color-tunable emissions in a wide wavelength range by rational selection of guest molecules. [Display omitted] • A MOF host based on electron-deficient triazine derivative was prepared. • Four host-guest materials were fabricated via the donor–acceptor interactions. • The host-guest materials exhibit guest-dependent luminescent properties. • Emission of host-guest materials depending on the ionization potential of guests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous lanthanide-transition heterometallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a subclass of porous hybrid materials have attracted considerable attention as a new advance in the research on MOFs. However, rationally designing and constructing heterometallic MOFs with desirable properties remains a challenging task. In this work, involving the heterometallic cooperative crystallization method, a novel europium-cadmium MOF based on a zwitterionic carboxylate ligand, [EuCd(pbbp) 2 (SO 4) 2 Cl 2 (H 2 O) 3 ] (1), (H 2 pbbp·2Cl ​= ​1,1'-(1,4-phenylene-bis(methylene))-bis(3-carboxy pyridinium) dichloride), has been solvothermally synthesized. Complex 1 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The structure of complex 1 consists of Eu–Cd heterometallic chains with one-dimensional channels. Complex 1 shows interesting excitation-dependent luminescence at room temperature. The gas adsorption studies show that complex 1 exhibits highly selective adsorption of CO 2 over N 2 and H 2 under ambient conditions, which may be caused by the stronger interaction of CO 2 with the positively charged pyridinium functional groups. In addition, the photocatalytic activity studies indicate that complex 1 shows good activity in rhodamine B dye degradation. A europium-cadmium MOF based on a zwitterionic carboxylate ligand has been solvothermally synthesized, which exhibits interesting excitation-dependent luminescence, highly adsorption of CO 2 under ambient conditions, and good photocatalytic activity in rhodamine B dye degradation. [Display omitted] • A europium-cadmium heterometal-organic framework was prepared. • Complex 1 exhibit excitation-dependent luminescence at room temperature. • Complex 1 shows the good photocatalytic activity for degradation of rhodamine B. • Gas adsorption was applied to study the porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A feasible method to construction multifunctional hybrid compounds is the incorporation of appropriate functional inorganic and organic components through self-assembly. Naphthalene diimides (NDIs) and polyoxometalates (POMs) are two versatile building blocks that have been used in many fields. In this paper, self-assembly of electron-deficient NDI ligand and POM resulted in an organic-inorganic hybrid compound, [Ce 2 (BINDI)(DMF) 8 ]·[Mo 6 O 19 ] (1), (H 4 BINDI = N , N ′-bis(5-isophthalic acid)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide), with segregated Mo 6 O 19 2− polyanions and two-dimensional cationic coordination network. Because of the photochemical activities of organic and inorganic components, this hybrid compound exhibits interesting reversible photochromic behavior under ultraviolet–visible light irradiation. XRD, EPR, and XPS studies demonstrated that the photochromic behavior resulting from the coaction of NDI and Mo 6 O 19 2− polyanions. Moreover, this hybrid material shows excellent photocatalytic degradation activity toward the methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation. [Display omitted] • A polyoxometalate/naphthalenediimide hybrid structure is prepared. • Compound 1 shows fast-responsive reversible photochromism. • Photoinduced electron-transfer generate Mo5+ and NDI radicals. • Compound 1 exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lone pair–π interaction is an important but less studied binding force. Generally, it is too weak to influence the physical properties of supramolecular systems. Herein we reported the first example exhibiting the impact of lone pair–π interactions on photochromic properties of naphthalene diimide based coordination networks. In three isostructural 1-D networks, [(DPNDI)ZnX2] (DPNDI = N,N-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide, X = Cl for 1, X = Br for 2 and X = I for 3), they exhibit different electron-transfer photochromic behaviors due to different lone pair–π interactions between the capped halogen atoms and electron-deficient DPNDI moieties. Specifically, 1 and 2 but not 3 are photochromic, which is attributed to a stronger lone pair–π interaction in 3 than those in 1 and 2. This study anticipates breaking a new path for designing novel photochromic materials through such unnoticeable supramolecular interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]