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Hydroxygenkwanin, a flavonoid isolated from the leaves of the Daphne genkwa plant, is known to have pharmacological properties; however, its modulatory effect on multidrug resistance, which is (MDR) mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters, has not been investigated. In this study, we examine the interaction between hydroxygenkwanin, ABCB1, and ABCG2, which are two of the most well-characterized ABC transporters known to contribute to clinical MDR in cancer patients. Hydroxygenkwanin is not an efflux substrate of either ABCB1 or ABCG2. We discovered that, in a concentration-dependent manner, hydroxygenkwanin significantly reverses ABCG2-mediated resistance to multiple cytotoxic anticancer drugs in ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Although it inhibited the drug transport function of ABCG2, it had no significant effect on the protein expression of this transporter in cancer cells. Experimental data showing that hydroxygenkwanin stimulates the ATPase activity of ABCG2, and in silico docking analysis of hydroxygenkwanin binding to the inward-open conformation of human ABCG2, further indicate that hydroxygenkwanin sensitizes ABCG2-overexpressing cancer cells by binding to the substrate-binding pocket of ABCG2 and attenuating the transport function of ABCG2. This study demonstrates the potential use of hydroxygenkwanin as an effective inhibitor of ABCG2 in drug combination therapy trials for patients with tumors expressing higher levels of ABCG2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting didoes (PeLEDs) have shown considerable potential in solution‐processable display applications. However, the performance of blue PeLEDs in terms of efficiency and stability hinders their practicality on account of severe trap‐mediated nonradiative recombination losses and halide phase segregation. To ameliorate these issues, mixed‐halide sky‐blue perovskite materials are strategically modulated through crystal defect passivation with a trifurcate isocyanate oligomer, which leads to the synergistical suppression of charge trap density and halide ion migration. The proposed approach enables the performance improvement for sky‐blue PeLEDs, exhibiting a peak external quantum efficiency of 14.82% and spectrally stable emission at 487 nm. In addition, prolonged operational lifetime and enhanced capability of moisture resistance are achieved simultaneously, approaching a half‐lifetime of ≈2900 s at an initial brightness of 178 cd m–2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regardless of the rapid advance on perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the lack of long‐term operational stability hinders the practicality of this technology. Particularly, thermal management is indispensable to control the Joule heating induced by charge transport and parasitic re‐absorption of internally confined photons. Herein, a synergetic device architecture is proposed for minimizing the optical energy losses in PeLEDs toward high efficiency and long lifetime. By adopting a carefully modified perovskite emitter in combination with an improved light outcoupling structure, red PeLEDs emitting at 666 nm achieve a peak external quantum efficiency of 21.2% and an operational half‐lifetime of 4806.7 h for an initial luminance of 100 cd m‐2. The enhanced light extraction from trapped modes can efficiently reduce the driving current and suppress optical energy losses in PeLEDs, which in turn ameliorate the heat‐induced device degradation during operation. This work paves the way toward high‐performance PeLEDs for display and lighting applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been known as the most widely used light source in lighting and displays for more than 60 years. There is still room for progress in the performance of LEDs, especially since the current devices with various types of different light-emitting layer materials have converged to unity in terms of internal quantum efficiency, and there is an urgent need to improve the light extraction efficiency. Metasurfaces (MSs) have received attention from researchers as structures that can be integrated with LEDs to efficiently modulate the phase and amplitude of light through resonance and scattering, which can reduce light loss. This paper reviews the development of metasurfaces in LEDs so far. The different working mechanisms of metasurfaces composed of different materials are first analyzed in depth. Subsequently, three aspects of light extraction, angle change, and polarization modulation are described in detail according to different applications of metasurfaces in LEDs. Finally, the current status of metasurface applications in LEDs is summarized, and the future development prospects are envisioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The safety and efficacy of cold snare polypectomy (CSP) compared to those of cold endoscopic mucosal resection (CEMR) have been reported. This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of CEMR and CSP. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of CEMR and CSP in removing 3–10 mm polyps. The outcomes assessed included complete resection rate, intraoperative bleeding rate, delayed bleeding rate, perforation, and polyp removal time. The results are reported as risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. Results: Seven studies comprising 1,911 polyps were included in the analysis. The complete resection rate of CEMR was comparable to that of CSP (RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99–1.04, p = 0.32). Comparable results were also demonstrated for intraoperative bleeding rate (polyp-based analysis: RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.33–4.43, p = 0.77), delayed bleeding rate (polyp-based analysis: RR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.44–4.15, p = 0.61), and polyp removal time (mean difference: 28.31 s, 95% CI: −21.40–78.02, p = 0.26). No studies reported cases of perforation. Conclusion: CEMR has comparable efficacy and safety to CSP in removing 3–10 mm polyps. Further randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are warranted to compare and validate efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel quinolinyl imidazolidin-2-imine nickel complexes with different substituents on the imidazolidin-2-imine ligand were synthesized and characterized. The complexes in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a cocatalyst catalyzed the copolymerization of norbornene (N) and styrene (S) or para-chlorostyrene (CS) with high activity (up to 1070 kg·mol−1·h−1). The installation of sterically bulky substituents on the imidazolidine-2-imine ligand was effective for the increase of the molecular weight and the comonomer content, affording high molecular weight copolymers with tunable CS content (0.57 mol%–11.7 mol%), in which the existence of Cl group can provide reaction site for the further functionalization of copolymers as well as the synthesis of graft or cross-linked polymers. The linear relationship between the comonomer content and the glass transition temperature of the copolymers and the monomer reactivity ratios in the copolymerization indicated the formation of the expected functionalized cyclic olefin copolymers (COC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overexpression of ABCB1 in cancer cells is a major factor contributing to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) and treatment failure in cancer patients. Therefore, re-sensitization of MDR cancer cells to anticancer drugs remains an important aspect in chemotherapy. The progress in developing clinically applicable synthetic inhibitors of ABCB1 has been slow, mostly due to complications associated with intrinsic toxicities and unforeseen drug-drug interactions. Here, we explored the drug-repositioning approach for cancer therapy by targeting ABCB1-mediated MDR in human cancer cells. We found that DPI-201106, a positive inotropic agent, selectively inhibits the drug efflux function of ABCB1, and in doing so, re-sensitizes ABCB1-overexpressing MDR cancer cells to conventional anticancer drugs. Furthermore, the ATPase activity of ABCB1 and docking analysis of DPI-201106 in the drug-binding pocket of ABCB1 were determined to confirm the interaction between DPI-201106 and ABCB1 protein. In summary, we revealed an additional action and a potential clinical application of DPI-201106 to reverse ABCB1-mediated MDR in human cancer cells, which may be beneficial for cancer patients who have developed multidrug resistance and no longer respond to conventional chemotherapy, and should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the rapid development of high-efficiency perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) via material design and morphology control, a comprehensive evaluation of the power loss among various optical modes has seldom been conducted for the precise design of device architectures. Here, a quantitative analysis of light outcoupling efficiency (η out ) of PeLEDs is presented with the theoretical simulations by taking into account the key factors of refractive index and film thickness of various functional layers, and the emitter dipole orientation. For a planar PeLED, a rational design to enhance the η out is predicted by constructing multilayer stack in series of transparent electrode/high-index transport layer/perovskite emitter/low-index transport layer/reflective electrode. Furthermore, the role of photonic structures on the outcoupling management is explored, and the potential of a substantial increase in η out is demonstrated with an enhancement factor of over 1.75 by implementing a moth-eye nanostructure into the emitter. We anticipate that the findings shown here will provide the design guidelines for the optical optimization of PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cenozoic mafic rocks in Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces, east-central China are chiefly basanites and alkali olivine basalts with subordinate tholeiites, which were erupted in three stages; Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary. The rocks become increasingly alkaline as they become younger. On a primitive mantle-normalized multi-element plot, these lavas exhibit typical OIB-like trace element patterns, including enrichment in most incompatible elements (LILE and HFSE) and negative K and Pb anomalies. The compositions of the mafic rocks indicate that they were derived from a mantle source mainly containing clinopyroxene and garnet, most probably a mixture of pyroxenite/eclogite and peridotite. A mineral equilibrium projection shows that all the mafic magmas were produced at pressures of 3–4 GPa, implying an asthenospheric origin. Their positive Ba and Sr anomalies and relatively high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios suggest derivation from an EM1-type mantle source. However, poor correlations between 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and 143 Nd/ 144 Nd indicate an isotopically heterogeneous source for the magmas, including DMM, EM1 and EM2, representing mantle peridotite, recycled ancient oceanic crust and seafloor sedimentary rocks, respectively. Variable correlations between 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ratios, CaO–MgO contents and Eu/Eu* and Ce/Ce* anomalies with rock type imply that marine sediments (plus variable amounts of oceanic crust) and peridotites were the dominant source lithologies of the basanites, whereas recycled oceanic crust (pyroxenite/eclogite) was the main source of the weakly alkaline basalts. This hypothesis is supported by seismic tomographic images of the mantle beneath the region, which show the presence of a stagnant subducted slab in the mantle transition zone. Thus, we propose a petrological model in which a hybrid magma column originated from the mantle transition zone and assimilated some of the overlying peridotite during upwelling, to become the parental magmas of these mafic rocks. This process may relate to the documented lithospheric thinning in East China in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a parity-time-symmetric potential U P T ( r , φ ) is investigated. With the separation of variables, the solutions for that equation are obtained. Via the obtained solutions, some dromion structures are derived with corresponding parameters, and the influences of them (especial parity-time-symmetry) are analyzed and studied. Results show that the parity-time-symmetric potential plays an important role for obtaining dromion structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cenozoic continental basalts from Zhejiang Province, southeast China are tholeiitic to weakly alkalic in composition, with moderate MgO contents (6–11 wt.%) and an average Mg # of 62. They display typical OIB-like trace element features, including enrichment in most incompatible elements, both LILE and LREE, and negative K, Pb, Zr, Hf anomalies. In particular, they are characterized by high Fe/Mn (73 ± 5), La/Yb (19 ± 6) and Nb/Ta (18.8 ± 0.4) ratios, which can be attributed to the presence of residual clinopyroxene, garnet and rutile in the mantle source. Based on these minerals, the following hybrid source rocks are hypothesized: garnet pyroxenite/eclogite and peridotite. Clinopyroxene–liquid thermobarometry indicates clinopyroxene crystallization temperatures of > 1257 °C. This is higher than the assumed temperature at the base of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) (~ 1220 °C) beneath Zhejiang, thus the magmas were presumably derived from the asthenosphere. Some typical geochemical features such as negative K, Pb anomalies, positive Ba, Sr, Nb, Ta anomalies and the extremely high Os isotopic signatures, suggest participation of EM-like mantle sources, indicative of ancient subducted oceanic crust. ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i (0.7037–0.7046) and 143 Nd/ 144 Nd (0.512832–0.512990) isotope ratios point to the presence of mixed components in the source region, i.e., DMM, EM1 and EM2. Recent seismic tomographic images of the mantle beneath Zhejiang suggest the presence of a subducted slab of oceanic lithosphere in the transition zone. Based on the combined geophysical and geochemical evidence, we propose that the major source of the Zhejiang basaltic magmas was the ancient subducted oceanic slab in the transition zone with an EM-like signature. The other magma sources include depleted asthenospheric peridotite possessing a DMM-like signature. The dynamics of this upwelling hybrid magma was apparently related to westward subduction of the Pacific plate underneath the eastern Asian continent. This process may have triggered the widespread Cenozoic volcanism related to the lithospheric thinning in East China in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphology optimization of donor–acceptor bulk heterojunctions at microscopic scale is critical for improving performance of organic photovoltaic devices. Here, effects of thermal annealing on phase separation processes in small-molecular bulk heterojunctions with different geometrical structures (i.e., PTCDA, TiOPc, CuPc and C 60 ) are investigated with ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies. It was identified that post-annealing treatment caused the different degrees of vertical diffusions at the bulk heterojunctions, leading to non-uniform composition distributions. Variations in phase separations are mainly due to the differences in surface energy of the involved materials, which play a crucial role in the intermolecular interactions and the molecular diffusion. Low-surface-energy materials were found to segregate preferentially on the surface for minimizing total energy of the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The doping effects of cesium compounds on device characteristics of OLEDs are studied. [•] The charge transport property is highly dependent on doping constituent materials. [•] The operational stability of OLEDs replies on the doping mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] An efficient inverted polymer solar cell is demonstrated. [•] The electron collection layer consists of a small molecular layer of Cs2CO3:Alq3. [•] Efficient electron extraction is achieved due to favorable energy level alignment. [•] The Cs2CO3:Alq3 layer can act as an optical spacer to modulate the incident light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Visceral hypersensitivity has been found to be present in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The current study sought to study visceral afferent hypersensitivity in IBS patients and obtain further objective evidence of alterations in intestinal afferent pathways in IBS patients by cerebral evoked potentials (CEP). Method: We studied 30 female IBS patients and 12 female healthy subjects. Rectal perception thresholds to balloon distention were measured and CEP was recorded in response to rhythmic rectal distention (two distention series, each of 100 repetitions at a frequency of 1 Hz) at the volume of perception thresholds. All subjects were then asked to drink 220 mL 4°C ice water and the above steps were repeated 20 min later. Results: Rectal distention led to recognizable and reproducible CEP. Compared to healthy subjects, IBS patients demonstrated significantly shorter N1, P1 and N2 latencies ( P < 0.05). After drinking ice water, IBS patients exhibited further shortened N1, P1 and N2 latencies ( P < 0.05), but drinking did not alter the latencies of healthy controls and the amplitudes of both IBS patients and healthy controls. Conclusion: The shorter latency of cerebral potentials evoked by rectal distention and ice water stimulation in IBS patients provided further objective evidence for defective visceral afferent transmission in IBS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The electrochemical behavior of folic acid at the Keggin-type phosphomolybdate (PMo12) doped polypyrrole (PPy) film modified glassy carbon electrode (PMo12-PPy/GCE) was studied. PMo12 doped PPy modified electrodes were achieved during the electrochemical preparation of the polymer films in aqueous solution. The redox behavior of the modified electrode was described by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical behavior of folic acid at PMo12-PPy/GCE was studied by 0.5 order differential voltammetry. Numerous factors affecting the reduction peak currents of folic acid at PMo12-PPy/GCE were optimized to maximize the sensitivity. The results showed that folic acid had high inhibitory activity toward the reduction of modified electrode in 0.01M H2SO4. The reduction peak currents were directly proportional to the concentration of folic acid from 1.0×10−8 to 1×10−7 M with correlation coefficient of 0.9976, a detection limit of 1.0×10−10 M of folic acid was estimated. From the inhibitory effect of folic acid on PMo12-PPy/GCE, the apparent formation constant of folic acid with the modified film was estimated. This modified electrode showed excellent sensitivity and stability for the determination of folic acid. The response mechanism of folic acid at PMo12-PPy/GCE was discussed in detail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Relations between hyperlipidemia and chronic pancreatitis remain unclear. Microcirculatory disturbances and oxidative stress are involved in pathogeneses of a high numbers of diseases. The objective of this study was to induce hyperlipidemia in rats by long-term high-fat diet intake, then investigate the biochemical, microcirculatory, and histological alterations in blood and pancreatic tissues of these animals, and discuss their potential significances. Pancreatic blood flow was detected by intravital microscope; malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in pancreatic tissues for assessment of oxidative stress and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR. The results showed that the velocity of pancreatic microvascular blood flow of rats with hyperlipidemia decreased significantly as compared to control value (p =0.008). Pancreatic MDA content increased whereas SOD activity decreased in these rats (p =0.022; p =0.039, respectively). Histologically, microvesicles in acinar and islet cells, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondrion and modified vascular endothelial cells were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. In addition, α-SMA expression was up-regulated significantly (p <0.05). These results suggest that long-term high-fat diet can induce chronic pancreatic injuries which could be considered as “nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease”, and pancreatic microcirculatory disturbances and oxidative stress may play an important part in the underlying pathogenesis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Since few systematic studies have focused on recurrent acute pancreatitis in China, we sought to investigate its clinical features, including etiological factors and relative frequency. Patients were selected from a total 1471 patients with acute pancreatitis in ten cities of China. All had been admitted to a hospital with an attack of acute pancreatitis between January 1992 and December 2002. Data for each patient was recorded on a standardized form. Of the 1471 patients with acute pancreatitis, 157 (10.7%) had recurrent acute pancreatitis. The majority (63%) were male, with a mean age of 41 years (range, 13–82 years). Regarding the etiology, alcohol (20.4%) and cholelithiasis (20.4%) were the most frequent causes, followed by diet (13.4%), hypertriglyceridemia (8.3%), biliary tract infection (5.7%), other (5.1%), and idiopathic factors (26.8%). Alcohol was most frequent in male patients (30.3%), whereas cholelithiasis was most frequent (34.5%) in female patients. The majority of patients (79.6%) presented with their second attack of pancreatitis. Complications of recurrent acute pancreatitis in order of frequency were pancreatic pseudocyst, multiple organ failure, diabetes mellitus type 2, and shock. Recurrent acute pancreatitis remains a frequent disease, with cholelithiasis and alcohol being the most usual etiological factors. Alcohol is the primary etiological factor in male patients. In about 26.8% of cases, the etiology remains unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing narrowband blue multiple resonance (MR) organic emitters with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) y coordinates <0.1 is essential for advanced display technologies. This study proposes a deep‐blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, named 2BNO, which integrates two independent MR cores. Unlike many TADF materials with single‐bonded dual emitting cores, 2BNO utilizes a steric hindrance‐assisted fluorene bridge to achieve an orthorhombic molecular structure. The dual‐core MR‐TADF emitter shows enhanced light absorption and a high photoluminescence quantum yield. Notably, the emission of 2BNO is not significantly redshifted compared to single‐core compounds and maintains a narrow full width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 24 nm with CIE coordinates of (0.147, 0.041) in 2Me‐THF solution, nearing the BT.2020 blue standard. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) incorporating 2BNO as the emitter exhibit deep‐blue emission at 460 nm with a narrow FWHM of 29 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.14, 0.09). The dual emitting core design significantly improves device efficiency, achieving a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.8%. The dual‐core molecular design strategy in this work is demonstrated to be effective in promoting the efficiency of the TADF emitters while preserving deep‐blue color purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have garnered extraordinary attention in displaying field owing to their excellent luminescence properties. Although exogenous additives are extensively employed for optimizing PeLEDs, their comprehensive regulation including side effects still lacks in‐depth study. Here for the first time, it is demonstrated that the deprotonation degree of additives significantly influences the performance of blue PeLEDs. Benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) and ammonium benzenesulfonate (ABS) with similar molecular structures while distinctly different acid dissociation constants (pKa) are used for modifying blue perovskites. By comparison, high‐pKa ABS holds greater potential in boosting device performance, contributing to an improved peak external quantum efficiency of 18.8%. This discrepancy is ascribed to the fact that low‐pKa BSA is prone to induce prominent perovskite chlorine loss owing to its intense deprotonation, while high‐pKa ABS significantly suppresses chlorine vacancy formation. Meanwhile, the adsorption energy of organic spacer onto perovskite is greatly reduced due to the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding with ABS, contributing to a concentrated phase arrangement for smooth exciton energy transfer. Additionally, ABS modification further suppresses trap‐mediated nonradiative recombination by coordinating with the undercoordinated lead (II) ions at grain boundaries. This work provides valuable guidelines for optimizing additive screening toward high‐performance blue PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy is the first-line treatment for eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The optimal duration for H. pylori eradication using bismuth-containing quadruple therapy remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to compare the clinical effects of the 10- and 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple treatment regimen to eradicate H. pylori. Methods: Treatment-naïve patients with H. pylori infection (n = 1300) were enrolled in this multicenter randomized controlled study across five hospitals in China. They were randomized into 10- or 14-day treatment groups to receive bismuth-containing quadruple therapy as follows: vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily; bismuth 220 mg twice daily; amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily; and either clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily or tetracycline 500 mg four times daily. At least 6 weeks after treatment, we performed a 13C-urea breath test to evaluate H. pylori eradication. Results: The per-protocol eradication rates were 93.22% (564/605) and 93.74% (569/607) (p < 0.001) and the intention-to-treat eradication rates were 88.62% (576/650) and 89.38% (581/650) (p = 0.007) for the 10- and 14-day regimens, respectively. Incidence of adverse effects was lower in patients who received 10- vs. 14 days of treatment (22.59% vs. 28.50%, p = 0.016). We observed no significant differences in the compliance to treatment or the discontinuation of therapy because of severe adverse effects between the groups. Conclusion: Compared with the 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimens, the 10-day regimen demonstrated a non-inferior efficacy and lower incidence of adverse effects. Therefore, the 10-day regimen is safe and tolerated and could be recommended for H. pylori eradication (NCT05049902). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current guidelines recommend bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for patients newly diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of tetracycline administered three times daily versus four times daily in bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for first‐line treatment of H. pylori infection. Methods: This multicenter, noninferiority, randomized controlled study, conducted in China, recruited treatment‐naïve adults with H. pylori infection, randomized 1:1 into two treatment groups to receive either of the following bismuth‐containing quadruple therapies: esomeprazole 20 mg twice‐daily; bismuth 220 mg twice‐daily; amoxicillin 1000 mg twice‐daily; and tetracycline 500 mg three times daily (TET‐T) versus 500 mg four times daily (TET‐F). At least 6 weeks post‐treatment, a 13C‐urea breath test was performed to evaluate H. pylori eradication. Results: In total, 406 patients were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups. Intention‐to‐treat eradication rates were 91.63% (186/203; 95% confidence interval [CI] 87.82%–95.44%) versus 90.15% (183/203; 95% CI 86.05%–94.25%) (p = 0.0005) and per‐protocol eradication rates were 95.34% (184/193; 95% CI 92.36%–98.31%) versus 95.72% (179/187; 95% CI 92.82%–98.62%) (p = 0.0002) for the TET‐T and TET‐F group, respectively. TET‐T‐treated patients had a lower incidence of adverse effects than TET‐F‐treated patients (21.61% vs. 31.63%, p = 0.024), with no significant differences in compliance to treatment between the groups. Conclusion: As a first‐line therapy for H. pylori infection, the eradication rate of the TET‐T therapy was noninferior to that of the TET‐F therapy while significantly reducing the incidence of adverse reactions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05431075 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) mediates the transport of a wide variety of conventional cytotoxic anticancer drugs and molecular targeted agents. Consequently, the overexpression of ABCG2 in cancer cells is linked to the development of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. TP-3654 is an experimental second-generation inhibitor of PIM kinase that is currently under investigation in clinical trials to treat advanced solid tumors and myelofibrosis. In this study, we discovered that by attenuating the drug transport function of ABCG2, TP-3654 resensitizes ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to cytotoxic ABCG2 substrate drugs topotecan, SN-38 and mitoxantrone. Moreover, our results indicate that ABCG2 does not mediate resistance to TP-3654 and may not play a major role in the induction of resistance to TP-3654 in cancer patients. Taken together, our findings reveal that TP-3654 is a selective, potent modulator of ABCG2 drug efflux function that may offer an additional combination therapy option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting non‐visual light into photocurrent while maintaining high visual transparency is vital for semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) application, yet often challenging over insufficient invisible light‐harvesting. Herein, spectrally selective optical manipulation for ST‐OSCs with high visual light transparency and full‐spectral non‐visual light reflection is proposed by matching the optical admittance of ultrathin Ag films using ZnS and MgF2. The reflection of optically enhanced ST‐OSCs at the spectral region beyond the human eye's response spectrum is improved and the transmission in the visual region is simultaneously enhanced. By further integrating an anti‐reflective structure, the optimal structure boosts the average visible transmittance and power conversion efficiency of ST‐OSCs to 44.3% and 12.6%, respectively, yielding a record light utilization efficiency of 5.6%. Corresponding flexible ST‐OSCs with high mechanical stability implies that this work provides a facile and universal strategy for ST‐OSCs aiming at building integrated photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Single‐balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is an effective tool for the detection of small intestine lesions. Because it is conventionally performed by two operators, the efficacy of single‐operator SBE method has not yet been elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield, total enteroscopy rate, procedure time, and complications of single‐operator SBE for small intestinal disease. Methods: This was a single‐center, retrospective study including consecutive patients who underwent single‐operator SBE for suspicious small intestinal disorders or required therapeutic interventions between December 2014 and January 2019. The SBE procedures were performed by four endoscopists. Diagnostic yield, total enteroscopy rate, procedure time, incubation depth, and complications were analyzed, and stratification analysis was performed. Results: Altogether 922 patients with 1422 SBE procedures were included for analysis, among whom 250, 172, and 500 patients underwent SBE via the oral route, the anal route and a combined route, respectively. The overall diagnostic yield was 78.52% (724/922). And 253 patients achieved total enteroscopy, with a total enteroscopy rate of 56.10%. The average procedure time for the oral and anal routes were 69.28 ± 14.72 min and 64.95 ± 13.87 min, respectively. While the incubation depth was 389.95 ± 131.42 cm and 191.81 ± 83.67 cm, respectively. Jejunal perforation was observed in one patient, which was managed by endoclips. Stratification analysis showed that the diagnostic yield and total enteroscopy rate significantly increased with operation experience together with decreased procedure time. Conclusion: Single‐operator SBE is effective and safe for the detection of small intestinal lesions, and is easy to master. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of body mass index (BMI)‐based individualized small bowel preparation for computed tomography enterography (CTE). Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, patients undergoing CTE were randomly assigned to the individualized group or standardized group. Those in individualized group were given different volumes of mannitol solution based on BMI (1000 mL for patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, 1500 mL for patients with 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 2000 mL for patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) while patients in the standardized group were all asked to consume 1500‐mL mannitol solution. CTE images were reviewed by two experienced radiologists blindly. Each segment of the small bowel was assessed for small bowel image quality and disease detection rates. Patients were invited to record a diary regarding adverse events and acceptance. Results: A total of 203 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. For patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, 1000‐mL mannitol solution permitted a significantly lower rate of flatulence (P = 0.045) and defecating frequency (P = 0.011) as well as higher acceptance score (P = 0.015), but did not affect bowel image quality and diseases detection compared with conventional dosage. For patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 2000‐mL mannitol solution provided better overall image quality (P = 0.033) but comparable rates of adverse events and patients' acceptance compared with conventional dosage. Conclusions: Individualized bowel preparation could achieve both satisfactory image quality and patients' acceptance thus might be an acceptable alternative in CTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are gaining increasing attention as a promising candidate for the new‐generation display technology. Although tremendous progress has been witnessed in this field, the device performance of blue PeLEDs still lags far behind that of the green and red counterparts. In this work, an effective interfacial engineering is employed to boost the radiative recombination of blue perovskite film by introducing a multifunctional tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) network on the grain‐growth substrate. Benefitting from the strong interaction between the TEOS molecule and perovskite nuclei, the perovskite crystallization dynamics are effectively regulated, contributing to significantly improved emitting film with uniformly distributed halogen and concentrated low‐dimensional domain. Additionally, the TEOS network can distinctly passivate the crystal defects at the buried perovskite interface owing to its adequate electron‐donating sites. Consequently, the target blue PeLEDs featuring a stable emission peak at 488 nm exhibit a champion external quantum efficiency of 17.3%, which is among the highest values to date. The results demonstrate the critical role of the surface molecular characteristics of the grain‐growth substrate in regulating the mixed‐halide blue perovskite crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are attracting tremendous attention due to their promise as a key element in bendable display and curved lighting applications. However, their performance in terms of efficiency and bendability is limited, since flexible transparent electrodes with superior electrical, optical, and mechanical properties are rare. Here, a multifunctional electrode architecture that is based on flexible plastic, and consists of electrically conductive silver nanowires, a nanopatterned ZnO outcoupling layer, and a hole‐injection polymer layer, is proposed for the actualization of high‐performance flexible OLEDs. The trapped light in the waveguide and substrate modes is effectively released by integrating aperiodic nanostructures into high‐refractive‐index ZnO layers on both sides of the plastic substrate. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 61.7% and a power efficiency of 126.6 lm W−1 are achieved for the white‐emission flexible OLEDs with broadband and angle‐independent outcoupling enhancement. In addition, the proposed approach allows for high‐level mechanical flexibility, retaining over 80% of the initial efficiency after 3000 cycles of repeated bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and stable blue emission of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is a requisite toward their potential applications in full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting. Rational manipulation over the entire electroluminescence process is promising to break the efficiency limit of blue PeLEDs. Herein, a facile device architecture is proposed to achieve efficient blue PeLEDs for simultaneously reducing the energetic loss during electron‐photon conversion and boosting the light outcoupling. Effective interfacial engineering is employed to manipulate the perovskite crystallization nucleation, enabling highly compact perovskite nanocrystal assemblies and suppressing the trap‐induced carrier losses by means of interfacial hydrogen bonding interactions. This strategy contributes to a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.8% for blue PeLEDs emitting at 486 nm as well as improved operational stability. Moreover, blue PeLEDs reach a peak EQE of 16.8% with the incorporation of internal outcoupling structures for waveguided light, which can be further raised to 27.5% by integrating a lens‐based structure for substrate‐mode light. These results verify the validity of this strategy in producing efficient and stable blue PeLEDs for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While tremendous progress has recently been made in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), large‐area blue devices feature inferior performance due to uneven morphologies and vast defects in the solution‐processed perovskite films. To alleviate these issues, a facile and reliable interface engineering scheme is reported for manipulating the crystallization of perovskite films enabled by a multifunctional molecule 2‐amino‐1,3‐propanediol (APDO)‐triggered "anchoring effect" at the grain‐growth interface. Sky‐blue perovskite films with large‐area uniformity and low trap states are obtained, showing the distinctly improved radiative recombination and hole‐transport capability. Based on the APDO‐induced interface engineering, synergistical boost in device performance is achieved for large‐area sky‐blue PeLED (measuring at 100 mm2) with a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.2% and a highly prolonged operational lifetime. A decent EQE up to 6.1% is demonstrated for the largest sky‐blue device emitting at 400 mm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near ultraviolet (NUV) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have great advantages in the field of light excitation sources, chemical and biological sensors, etc. However, the molecular design of NUV emitters still faces the challenges of spectral broadening and red‐shift. In this study, attaching weak oxygen‐bridged triarylboron acceptor to weak carbazolyl donor is able to address intractable problems by weakening donor–acceptor (D–A) charge transfer. Simultaneously, sterically wrapped and modified oxygen‐bridged triarylboron acceptor by bulk substituents (multiple carbazolyl) can suppress intermolecular π–π stacking through steric hindrance effect. These design strategies are able to obtain short‐wavelength, narrow‐band emission, and great color purity. As a result, carbazolyl derivatives xCz‐BO‐based (x = 2, 3, 4, 5) emitters show EL emission peaks from 406 to 422 nm in the NUV light region and small full‐width at half‐maximums (FWHMs) of 32–41 nm over a wide range of dopant concentrations (10–40 wt.%). The most violet Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinate is (0.16, 0.03). Moreover, 5Cz‐BO can be employed as host for vacuum‐/solution‐processed blue OLEDs and these devices exhibit high performance with EQEs of over 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodiode‐type solar‐blind photodetectors (SBPDs) with the self‐powered feature hold great promise for applications in unattended secure communication, flame detection, and missile warning. However, the responsivity of SBPDs is usually limited due to the severe solar‐blind (SB) light extinction in substrates and charge transport layers. Herein, a spectrally selective hole extraction structure (SHE) is proposed for high‐efficiency perovskite SBPDs. The SHE consisting of a tandem Fabry–Perot cavity and energy‐level‐matched hole transport layer endows the device with narrowband absorption in the SB region and optimized charge extraction capability from the CsPbI2Br perovskite. The optimized SHE exhibits a peak transmittance of 27% at 255 nm and a half maximum at full width of 28 nm. Under SB light illumination, the champion device achieves a responsivity of 56.20 mA W−1 and a detectivity (D*) of 2.86 × 1013 Jones, which are the record values among the reported results. The approach demonstrated here paves the way for the optical and electrical design of perovskite photodetectors with spectrally selective detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites are emerging as efficient emitters in blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), while the imbalanced crystallization of the halide‐mixed system limits further improvements in device performance. The rapid crystallization caused by Cl doping produces massive defects at the interface, leading to aggravated non‐radiative recombination. Meanwhile, unmanageable perovskite crystallization is prone to facilitate the formation of nonuniform low‐dimensional phases, which results in energy loss during the exciton transfer process. Here, we propose a multifunctional interface engineering for nucleation and phase regulation by incorporating the zwitterionic additive potassium sulfamate into the hole transport layer. By using potassium ions (K+) as heterogeneous nucleation seeds, finely controlled growth of interfacial K+‐guided grains is achieved. The sulfamate ions can simultaneously regulate the phase distribution and passivate defects through coordination interactions with undercoordinated lead atoms. Consequently, such synergistic effect constructs quasi‐2D blue perovskite films with smooth energy landscape and reduced trap states, leading to pure‐blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.32 %, spectrally stable emission at 478 nm and the prolonged operational lifetime. This work provides a unique guide to comprehensively regulate the halide‐mixed blue perovskite crystallization by manipulating the characteristics of grain‐growth substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites are emerging as efficient emitters in blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), while the imbalanced crystallization of the halide‐mixed system limits further improvements in device performance. The rapid crystallization caused by Cl doping produces massive defects at the interface, leading to aggravated non‐radiative recombination. Meanwhile, unmanageable perovskite crystallization is prone to facilitate the formation of nonuniform low‐dimensional phases, which results in energy loss during the exciton transfer process. Here, we propose a multifunctional interface engineering for nucleation and phase regulation by incorporating the zwitterionic additive potassium sulfamate into the hole transport layer. By using potassium ions (K+) as heterogeneous nucleation seeds, finely controlled growth of interfacial K+‐guided grains is achieved. The sulfamate ions can simultaneously regulate the phase distribution and passivate defects through coordination interactions with undercoordinated lead atoms. Consequently, such synergistic effect constructs quasi‐2D blue perovskite films with smooth energy landscape and reduced trap states, leading to pure‐blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.32 %, spectrally stable emission at 478 nm and the prolonged operational lifetime. This work provides a unique guide to comprehensively regulate the halide‐mixed blue perovskite crystallization by manipulating the characteristics of grain‐growth substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical potential and safety of Moluodan to reverse gastric precancerous lesions. Methods: Patients aged 18–70 years diagnosed with moderate‐to‐severe atrophy and/or moderate‐to‐severe intestinal metaplasia, with or without low‐grade dysplasia, and negative for Helicobacter pylori were recruited in this randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐controlled trial. The primary outcome was the improvement of global histological diagnosis at 1‐year follow‐up endoscopy using the operative link for gastritis assessment, the operative link for gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment, and the disappearance rate of dysplasia. Results: Between November 3, 2017 and January 27, 2021, 166 subjects were randomly assigned to the Moluodan group, 168 to the folic acid group, 84 to the combination group, and 84 to the high‐dose Moluodan group. The improvement in global histological diagnosis was achieved in 60 (39.5%) subjects receiving Moluodan, 59 (37.8%) receiving folic acid, 26 (32.1%) receiving the combined drugs, and 36 (47.4%) receiving high‐dose Moluodan. Moluodan was non‐inferior to folic acid (95% confidence interval: −9.2 to 12.5; P = 0.02). High‐dose Moluodan had a trend for better protective efficacy, though there was no statistical significance. The disappearance rate of dysplasia was 82.8% in the Moluodan group, which was superior to folic acid (53.9%; P = 0.006). No drug‐related serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: One pack of Moluodan three times daily for 1 year was safe and effective in reversing gastric precancerous lesions, especially dysplasia. Doubling its dose showed a better efficacy trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are promising medical counseling tools, but the reliability of responses remains unclear. We aimed to assess the feasibility of three popular LLMs as counseling tools for Helicobacter pylori infection in different counseling languages. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between November 20 and December 1, 2023. Three large language models (ChatGPT 4.0 [LLM1], ChatGPT 3.5 [LLM2], and ERNIE Bot 4.0 [LLM3]) were input 15 H. pylori related questions each, once in English and once in Chinese. Each chat was conducted using the “New Chat” function to avoid bias from correlation interference. Responses were recorded and blindly assigned to three reviewers for scoring on three established Likert scales: accuracy (ranged 1–6 point), completeness (ranged 1–3 point), and comprehensibility (ranged 1–3 point). The acceptable thresholds for the scales were set at a minimum of 4, 2, and 2, respectively. Final various source and interlanguage comparisons were made. Results: The overall mean (SD) accuracy score was 4.80 (1.02), while 1.82 (0.78) for completeness score and 2.90 (0.36) for comprehensibility score. The acceptable proportions for the accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility of the responses were 90%, 45.6%, and 100%, respectively. The acceptable proportion of overall completeness score for English responses was better than for Chinese responses (p = 0.034). For accuracy, the English responses of LLM3 were better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0055). As for completeness, the English responses of LLM1 was better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0257). For comprehensibility, the English responses of LLM1 was better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0496). No differences were found between the various LLMs. Conclusions: The LLMs responded satisfactorily to questions related to H. pylori infection. But further improving completeness and reliability, along with considering language nuances, is crucial for optimizing overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The amoxicillin dose used in dual therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori varies across studies and the optimal amoxicillin dose for vonoprazan‐based dual therapies remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of low‐ and high‐dose amoxicillin in vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted by searching databases from inception to October 2023. All trials that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy for eradicating H. pylori were included. Pooled eradication rate, incidence of adverse events, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals are presented. Results: Eighteen studies with 12 low‐dose amoxicillin (VLA) and 13 high‐dose amoxicillin (VHA) arms were included. The pooled eradication rates were 82.4% and 86.8% for VLA therapy, and 86.0% and 90.9% for VHA therapy by the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses, respectively. In the subgroup analysis stratified by duration, the eradication rates achieved in 7 days, 10 days, and 14 days treatments with VLA and VHA dual therapies were 80.8%, 84.2%, 83.1%, and 67.3%, 88.8%, 87.5%, respectively. In the four randomized controlled trials that directly compared VLA and VHA dual therapies, the efficacy was not statistically different in the intention‐to‐treat (76.9% vs 81.4%, p = 0.337) and per‐protocol (81.6% vs 84.0%, p = 0.166) analyses. Additionally, the incidence of adverse events (p = 0.965) and compliance (p = 0.994) were similar in both groups. Conclusion: VLA therapy demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to VHA therapy, along with regional differences. An appropriately extended treatment duration may be critical for therapeutic optimization of vonoprazan–amoxicillin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (TF‐OLEDs) are emerging as a leading technique in bendable display and curved lighting applications due to their merits including superior mechanical flexibility, low power consumption, and broad color gamut. However, it is challenging to turn TF‐OLEDs into a power‐efficient large‐area light source. Here, an improved TF‐OLED structure on a plastic substrate that achieves a device transparency over 70% and extremely efficient warm‐white emission from both sides is reported. The key feature of this device structure is the combination of transparent metal–dielectric composite electrodes, which are patterned with moth‐eye nanostructures for broadband and angle‐independent light outcoupling. By collectively reducing ohmic losses and releasing the trapped photons, the TF‐OLEDs achieve a record external quantum efficiency of 72.4% and power efficiency of 168.5 lm W−1 with a color‐rendering index over 84. These results present the great potential of TF‐OLEDs for use in a wide variety of flexible applications. By taking a full advantage of the optical design, an extremely efficient transparent flexible organic light‐emitting diode achieves a record external quantum efficiency of 72.4% and power efficiency of 168.5 lm W−1 for white emission with a color‐rendering‐index of 84.5. The substantial increase in efficiency is due to the synergetic interplay of light outcoupling enhancement and minimized surface plasmon losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have been regarded as the most promising candidate for full‐color display and solid‐state lighting applications owing to their favorable merits of high efficiency, superior white color balance, simple fabrication, and large‐area manufacturing possibility. Particularly, single‐emissive‐layer WOLEDs (SEL‐WOLEDs) with the reduced structural complexity, lower process cost, and feasible solution processing have drawn particular attentions. Numerous strategies have been proposed in recent years to construct SEL‐WOLEDs with improved device performance. This review focuses on the aspects, including: a) the molecular design methods for achieving a single‐molecule WOLED; b) the energy transfer mechanisms in various multiple‐molecule SEL‐WOLEDs with all‐fluorescence, all‐phosphorescence, and fluorescence‐phosphorescence hybrid structures; c) the combination of exciplex emitters and complementary fluorescent/thermally‐activated delayed fluorescent/phosphorescent emitters to realize SEL‐WOLEDs. Some future prospects on new opportunities and technological challenges in SEL‐WOLEDs are also covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are emerging candidates for the applications of solution‐processed full‐color displays. However, the device performance of deep‐blue PeLED still lags far behind that of their red and green counterparts, which is largely limited by low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and poor operational stability. Here, a facile and reliable crystallization strategy for perovskite grains is proposed, with improved deep‐blue emission through rational interfacial engineering. By modifying the substrate with potassium cation (K+) as the supplier of heterogeneous nucleation seeds, the interfacial K+‐guided grain growth is realized for well‐packed perovskite assemblies with high surface coverage and the controlled crystal orientation, leading to the enhanced radiative recombination and hole‐transport capabilities. Synergistical boost in device performance is achieved for deep‐blue PeLEDs emitting at 469 nm with a peak EQE of 4.14%, a maximum luminance of 451 cd m–2, and spectrally stable color coordinates of (0.125, 0.076) that matches well with the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted continuous attention due to their outstanding advantages, such as tunability of detecting wavelength, low‐cost manufacturing, compatibility with lightweight and flexible devices, as well as ease of processing. Enormous efforts on performance improvement and application of OPDs have been devoted in the past decades. In this Review, recent advances in device architectures and operation mechanisms of phototransistor, photoconductor, and photodiode based OPDs are reviewed with a focus on the strategies aiming at performance improvement. The application of OPDs in spectrally selective detection, wearable devices, and integrated optoelectronics are also discussed. Furthermore, some future prospects on the research challenges and new opportunities of OPDs are covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are emerging as promising candidates for new‐generation high‐definition displays with excellent color purity and low power consumption. Nevertheless, the massive defects at grain boundaries and severe interfacial exciton quenching are critical challenges that hinder the commercialization process of PeLEDs. Herein, a novel and feasible strategy of interfacial molecule control is demonstrated by employing a bifunctional material with abundant phosphine oxide groups to induce strong interaction and exciton management between the perovskite and electron‐transport layers (ETLs). This modification layer is capable of passivating the surface crystal defects and blocking the interfacial exciton transfer simultaneously, contributing to minimized energy loss at the interface. Consequently, the modified PeLEDs with green (at 513 nm), blue (at 488 nm), and red (at 666 nm) emissions achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 18.8%, 12.6%, and 12.3%, respectively. This study reveals the importance of interfacial molecule control for reducing the energy loss in PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: After three treatment failures, Helicobacter pylori infection is deemed refractory as antibiotic treatment options become significantly limited. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a 14‐day modified concomitant therapy for managing refractory H. pylori infection. Methods: Patients who had failed to respond to three or more rounds of H. pylori therapies were recruited for this study. They received a 14‐day modified concomitant therapy, including esomeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and furazolidone 100 mg twice daily and tetracycline 500 mg four times daily. Demographic data, adverse events, and patient compliance were recorded. The presence of H. pylori was reevaluated 6 weeks following treatment. Eradication rate was assessed as the primary outcome. Results: Overall, 59 participants received the 14‐day modified concomitant therapy. In the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses, the eradication rate was 84.7% (50/59) and 89.3% (50/56), respectively. H. pylori was successfully isolated from 75.0% (12/16) of patients. The resistance rate of H. pylori to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin was 91.7% (11/12), 58.3% (7/12), and 50.0% (6/12), respectively. Resistance to amoxicillin, furazolidone, or tetracycline was not observed. The frequency of adverse events was 35.6% (21/59), with no serious adverse events reported. Conclusion: The 14‐day modified concomitant therapy appears to be appropriate for refractory H. pylori infection and is particularly promising for the Chinese population. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to verify its efficacy, especially in the current environment of increasing antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising family of semiconductor materials for high‐quality displays, quasi‐2D perovskites have gained a significant amount of attention in the field of light‐emitting diodes for their superior optoelectronic properties compared with their 3D counterparts. The intrinsic multiple‐quantum‐well characteristics induced by reducing the crystal dimensionality enable perovskite emitters to possess high photoluminescence quantum yield and good film morphology. It is demonstrated that the n‐value distribution of quasi‐2D perovskites, where n refers to the number of inorganic MX6 octahedron layers, has a strong impact on the electroluminescence efficiency and stability of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In this review, the crystal structure of quasi‐2D perovskites, the formation origin of different n‐value distributions, and their optoelectronic characteristics are first introduced. Then, the mainstream strategies for regulating the phase distribution of layered perovskites are systematically reviewed to suggest their great significance in boosting the performances of PeLEDs. Lastly, the current deficiencies and potentially valuable research directions of phase distribution management for efficient and stable quasi‐2D PeLEDs are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are promising for the realization of highly efficient emitters. However, severe efficiency roll‐off at high brightness still remains as a huge challenge for TADF‐based OLEDs. Herein, rod‐like orange‐red TADF emitters of 2BNCz‐PZ and 2BNtCz‐PZ with acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A) configuration are developed by bearing dihydrophenazine donor and discoidal rigid boron, nitrogen‐contained polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons acceptors. Both emitters exhibit hybrid long‐range/short‐range charge‐transfer excitation for small singlet‐triplet energy splitting, short delayed lifetime, and high photoluminescence quantum yield, leading to fast singlet radiation rate over 107 s−1 and fast reverse intersystem crossing rate over 106 s−1. Furthermore, a horizontal emitting dipole orientation factor over 90% is realized. The optimized orange‐red OLED based on 2BNtCz‐PZ presents a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31.0% and a slight EQE roll‐off to 22.2% at 1 000 cd m−2 with emission peak over 600 nm. In addition, the single‐emitting layer white OLEDs achieve a maximum EQE of 30.6% due to the use of these orange‐red dopants with intense charge‐transfer absorption band. This work reveals the potential of the rod‐like A‐D‐A configuration for constructing highly efficient orange‐red TADF emitters with low‐efficiency roll‐off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major cause of duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. However, the optimal duration for H. pylori eradication therapy remains controversial. Most studies have mainly focused on triple therapy, and there is insufficient research on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effect of the 10-day bismuth-containing quadruple treatment regimen with the 14-day regime in eradicating H. pylori. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials published in English until May 2022 according to the eligibility criteria. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for eradication rates, adverse effects, and compliance were calculated for included studies. Four studies, involving 1173 patients, were eligible for inclusion. The eradication rate was similar in the 10-day treatment group and the 14-day treatment group in the intention-to-treat analysis (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.01). Meanwhile, the incidence of adverse effects was lower in patients who received 10 days of treatment than in those who received 14 days of treatment and patients' compliance was almost the same between two groups. Compared to the 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimens, 10-day regimens had similar efficacy and lower incidence of adverse effects. Therefore, the 10-day regimen is safe and well-tolerated and should be recommended for H. pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite Light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising technique for future high‐definition displays due to their outstanding electroluminescent characters. However, the development of blue PeLEDs toward practical applications is seriously hindered by their inferior performance, which mainly arises from the detrimental halide ionic behavior and thus severe nonradiative recombination in mixed‐halide blue perovskite materials. Herein, efficient sky‐blue PeLEDs featuring spectrally stable emission at 483 nm are realized by employing bifunctional passivators of Lewis‐base benzoic acid anions and alkali metal cations to simultaneously passivate the under‐coordinated lead atoms and suppress halide ion migration. A decent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.58% and a maximum EQE of 18.65% are achieved, which is further boosted to 28.82% through the optical outcoupling enhancement. This work demonstrates unique insight into the generality and individuality of this category of benzoates and puts forward a feasible guidance in choosing appropriate additives for efficient perovskite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Lugol chromoendoscopy is the standard technique to detect an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, a high concentration of Lugol's solution can induce mucosal injury and adverse events. We aimed to investigate the optimal concentration of Lugol's solution to reduce mucosal injury and adverse events without degrading image quality. Methods: This was a two‐phase double‐blind randomized controlled trial. In phase I, 200 eligible patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and then were randomly (1:1:1:1:1) sprayed with 1.2%, 1.0%, 0.8%, 0.6%, or 0.4% Lugol's solution. Image quality, gastric mucosal injury, adverse events, and operation satisfaction were compared to investigate the minimal effective concentration. In phase II, 42 cases of endoscopic mucosectomy for early ESCC were included. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the minimal effective (0.6%) or conventional (1.2%) concentration of Lugol's solution for further comparison of the effectiveness. Results: In phase I, the gastric mucosal injury was significantly reduced in 0.6% group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical significance in image quality between 0.6% and higher concentrations of Lugol's solution (P > 0.05, respectively). It also showed that the operation satisfaction decreased in 1.2% group compared with the lower concentration groups (P < 0.05). In phase II, the complete resection rate was 100% in both groups, while 0.6% Lugol's solution showed higher operation satisfaction (W = 554.500, P = 0.005). Conclusions: The study indicates that 0.6% might be the optimal concentration of Lugol's solution for early detection and delineation of ESCC, considering minimal mucosal injury and satisfied image. The registry of clinical trials: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03180944). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]