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Annealing-induced phase separation in small-molecular bulk heterojunctions.
- Source :
-
Organic Electronics . Nov2014, Vol. 15 Issue 11, p2810-2816. 7p. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Morphology optimization of donor–acceptor bulk heterojunctions at microscopic scale is critical for improving performance of organic photovoltaic devices. Here, effects of thermal annealing on phase separation processes in small-molecular bulk heterojunctions with different geometrical structures (i.e., PTCDA, TiOPc, CuPc and C 60 ) are investigated with ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies. It was identified that post-annealing treatment caused the different degrees of vertical diffusions at the bulk heterojunctions, leading to non-uniform composition distributions. Variations in phase separations are mainly due to the differences in surface energy of the involved materials, which play a crucial role in the intermolecular interactions and the molecular diffusion. Low-surface-energy materials were found to segregate preferentially on the surface for minimizing total energy of the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 15661199
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Organic Electronics
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 99067848
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2014.08.017