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Calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones may be associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, the mechanisms for this association are not well-established. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oxalate on immunity and UTI development in vivo. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control diet for 3 days before continuing this diet or starting a 5% Hydroxy-L-proline diet (HLP; oxalate precursor) for 7 days. Rats were subsequently infected transurethrally with Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC, a bacterium that causes UTI) and sacrificed 3 days later. Urine, blood, kidney, and bladder samples were collected. Urinary oxalate levels, renal CaOx crystal deposition, inflammatory markers, and the bacterial load were assessed using ion chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, or colony forming unit assays. Animals fed HLP and infected with UPEC had a significant increase in urinary oxalate levels, renal CaOx deposition, pro-inflammatory macrophages, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and bacterial loads compared to animals fed the control diet with UPEC infection. In addition, HLP-fed animals had significantly reduced anti-inflammatory renal macrophages and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in their plasma, urine, and kidneys. These findings suggest that oxalate may play a novel role in the propagation of UTI development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a series of novel ferrocenyl/phenyl/thiophenyl‐azoles was disclosed by vinylic amination of ferrocenyl/phenyl/thiophenyl substituted β‐chloro cinnamaldehydes and acrylonitriles. A highly economical and robust chalcogen‐stabilized iron selenide carbonyl cluster Fe3Se2(CO)9 worked as an efficient catalyst under aerobic conditions. The amination of ferrocenyl/phenyl/thiophenyl substituted β‐chloro‐vinylic Csp2‐Cl with azole derivatives was fully established and fabrication of the Csp2‐N bond was completely supported by various spectral analysis. Moreover, wide range of substrates with functionally different azoles were investigated for the present reaction and good to excellent transformation was recorded. Some of the selected ferrocenated azole derivatives were screened for anti‐cancer activity against the prostate cancer cells (PC‐3) and found to be highly active at low concentration of 5.77 μM with IC50 value. Furthermore, HOMO and LUMO levels and energy gap of some selected compounds were calculated by the density functional theory (DFT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A considerable amount of research has been carried out in recent years on synthesizing metal nanoclusters (NCs), which have wide applications in the field of optical materials with non‐linear properties, bio‐sensing, and catalysis. Aside from being structurally accurate, the atomically precise NCs possess well‐defined compositions due to significant tailoring, both at the surface and the core, for certain functionalities. To illustrate the importance of atomically precise metal NCs for catalytic processes, this review emphasizes 1) the recent work on Cu, Ag, and Au NCs with their synthesis, 2) the parameters affecting the activity and selectivity of NCs catalysis, and 3) the discussion on the catalytic potential of these metal NCs. Additionally, metal NCs will facilitate the design of extremely active and selective catalysts for significant reactions by elucidating catalytic mechanisms at the atomic and molecular levels. Future advancements in the science of catalysis are expected to come from the potential to design NCs catalysts at the atomic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven pyridine iodine(I) sulfonate complexes were prepared and isolated at low temperatures and characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The inherently instable pyridine iodine(I) cations are stabilized by an oxygen of sulfonate anions via the I⋅⋅⋅O halogen bond. In these complexes, the iodine atom of the pyridine iodine(I) cation acts as an electron acceptor and the sulfonate oxygen as the electron donor. These complexes are stable enough in the crystalline state, yet decompose rapidly under ambient conditions, also being unstable in solution. The (pyridine)N−I bond lengths [2.140(3)–2.197(2) Å] and the I⋅⋅⋅O halogen bonds [2.345(6)–2.227(3) Å] are analogous to (imide)N−I⋅⋅⋅O−N‐pyridine uncharged halogen‐bonded complexes formed from N‐haloimides and pyridine N‐oxides, thus confirming the existence of elusive pyridine iodine(I) cation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vipassana meditation, an ancient mindfulness practice rooted in the Buddhist tradition, has gained widespread recognition for its profound impact on mental and physical health. This review aims to understand the impact of positive health benefits of vipassana meditation. Studies indicate that regular practice of vipassana can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, enhance emotional regulation, and improve overall psychological well-being. Moreover, it has been associated with improved attention, concentration, and cognitive function. Vipassana improves interpersonal connections on a physical, mental, and social level as well as organizational development and inventiveness (Fung Kei, 2016). Vipassana showed potential in reducing blood pressure, enhancing cardiovascular health, and boosting the immune system on the physical front. Vipassana meditation is a holistic approach to enhancing both mental and physical health, promoting overall wellness and a balanced lifestyle. Positive attachment, better interpersonal relationships, a reduction in negativity, and control over anger and fear are all possible by meditation (Shah, 2012). In conclusion, there are many compelling health benefits associated with Vipassana meditation, which provides practitioners with a comprehensive approach to well-being that takes into account both mental and physical health. Vipassana meditation has been demonstrated to lower stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms while enhancing general mood and emotional control through its emphasis on mindfulness and self-awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordination nature of 2‐mono‐ and 2,6‐disubstituted pyridines with electron‐withdrawing halogen and electron‐donating methyl groups for [N−X−N]+ (X=I, Br) complexations have been studied using 15N NMR, X‐ray crystallography, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The 15N NMR chemical shifts reveal iodine(I) and bromine(I) prefer to form complexes with 2‐substituted pyridines and only 2,6‐dimethylpyridine. The crystalline halogen(I) complexes of 2‐substituted pyridines were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction analysis, but 2,6‐dihalopyridines were unable to form stable crystalline halogen(I) complexes due to the lower nucleophilicity of the pyridinic nitrogen. In contrast, the halogen(I) complexes of 2,6‐dimethylpyridine, which has a more basic nitrogen, are characterized by X‐crystallography, which complements the 15N NMR studies. DFT calculations reveal that the bond energies for iodine(I) complexes vary between −291 and −351 kJ mol−1 and for bromine between −370 and −427 kJ mol−1. The bond energies of halogen(I) complexes of 2‐halopyridines with more nucleophilic nitrogen are 66‐76 kJ mol−1 larger than those of analogous 2,6‐dihalopyridines with less nucleophilic nitrogen. The experimental and DFT results show that the electronic influence of ortho‐halogen substituents on pyridinic nitrogen leads to a completely different preference for the coordination bonding of halogen(I) ions, providing new insights into bonding in halogen(I) chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is thought to contribute to the etiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). It is well-known that disruption in metabolism in immune cells contributes to inflammation in several inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cellular bioenergetics is altered in monocytes and lymphocytes from women with IC/BPS, and if these alterations correlate with systemic inflammatory markers. Age and BMI matched adult healthy women (HS; n = 18) and women with IC/BPS (n = 18) were included in the study. Blood was collected to assess cellular bioenergetics in monocytes and lymphocytes using a Seahorse XF96 Analyzer and plasma cytokine levels were measured using Meso Scale Discovery immunoassays. The correlation between bioenergetic parameters, cytokines, and demographics was determined using Pearson correlation coefficients. Means of the two groups were compared using the two-group t-test. Patients with IC/BPS had reduced monocyte oxygen consumption rates and glycolytic rates compared to healthy subjects. In contrast, lymphocytes from these patients had increased oxygen consumption rates and glycolytic rates. Several cytokines and chemokines including Interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were significantly elevated in the plasma of patients with IC/BPS. However, Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were significantly decreased in IC/BPS patients compared to HS. In addition, Interferon gamma (IFN-ɣ), TNF-ɑ, IL-8, and TGF-β levels correlated with several bioenergetic parameters in monocytes or lymphocytes from healthy subjects. In contrast, TNF-ɑ and IL-8 correlated with bioenergetic parameters in monocytes from IC/BPS patients. Monocyte and lymphocyte cellular bioenergetics and plasma cytokine levels are different in patients with IC/PBS compared to HS. It appears that systemic inflammation is greater in this cohort which may negatively impact immune cell function. The relationship between cellular bioenergetics and inflammation in monocytes and lymphocytes could be important in understanding the pathogenesis of IC/PBS and warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homoleptic [L−I−L]+ iodine(I) complexes (where L is a R3R2R1N tertiary amine) were synthesized via the [L−Ag−L]+→ [L−I−L]+ cation exchange reaction. In solution, the amines form [R3R2R1N−Ag−NR1R2R3]+ silver(I) complexes, which crystallize out from solution as the meso‐[L−Ag−L]+complexes, as characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The subsequent [L−I−L]+ iodine(I) analogues were extremely reactive and could not be isolated in the solid state. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the Ag+−N and I+−N interaction energies in silver(I) and iodine(I) complexes, with the former ranging from −80 to −100 kJ mol−1 and latter from −260 to −279 kJ mol−1. The X‐ray crystal structures revealed Ag+⋅⋅⋅Cπ and Ag+⋅⋅⋅H−C short contacts between the silver(I) cation and flexible N‐alkyl/N‐aryl groups, which are the first of their kind in such precursor complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parameter extraction of Photovoltaic (PV) cell and module is a necessary to simulate and evaluate the performance of the PV system. The parameter extraction is a complex and challenging task due to its non-linear nature. Researchers are used several metaheuristic algorithms to solve the non-linear problem of parameter extraction. However, the demand for most accurate and reliable methods is increasing to get precise estimation of parameters. In this paper, a novel hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed based on the Spotted-Hyena optimization (SHO) and Ant Lion Optimization (ALO). The hybrid method is called as Spotted Hyena - Ant Lion (SH-AL) optimization. The optimization algorithm is applied in two stages. In stage 1, essential parameters are identified and extracted using SHO and passed to stage 2. In stage 2, identified parameters are optimized using ALO for accurate model of PV cell. Different type of PV cells such as thin film, mono and multi crystalline are examined under various irradiance conditions to extract the parameters. The proposed algorithm is validated by comparing the results with other algorithms and proposed algorithm is proved its superiority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal chemistry and synthetic organic chemistry rely primarily on C-N bonds for their structures because a variety of biologically active compounds, including natural products and synthetic molecules, contain N-heterocyclic as subunits, and they have been assigned a privileged position in drug development due to their improved solubility and ability to form salts, both of which contribute to oral absorption and bio-availability. In recent years, the copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have progressed rapidly with inexpensive, readily available, insensitive to air, and low-toxicity copper catalysts. The copper-catalyzed coupling strategy has been used to make N-heterocycles, and a wide range of applications have been investigated with excellent functional group tolerance. The current review explores the direct C-N bond formation and cyclization approaches used to fabricate triazole, tetrazole, and various other N-heterocyclic derivatives that are catalyzed by magnetically retrievable copper (II)-impregnated silica-coated iron oxide nanocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Porcine astrovirus (PAstV) is an emerging pathogen detected from the feces of both healthy and diarrheic pigs with limited studies comparing the presence of PAstV and diarrhea in pigs. PAstV has been reported worldwide with a few reports from India. In addition, there are limited reports on variation in the amino acid sequence of the ORF2 region, which codes for viral capsid protein. The present study was aimed to study the presence of PAstV, association with diarrhea in pigs of various age groups and its molecular characterization from Haryana, a northern Indian state. Methods: A total of 176 rectal swabs of pigs were collected from different parts of Haryana. The samples were screened for PAstV by RT-PCR of the partial ORF1b/ORF2 genomic region. The positive samples were characterized by molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis. Result: In the present study, PAstV was detected in pigs in 16.47% of fecal samples, including 21/127 (16.53%) diarrheic and 8/49 (16.32%) non-diarrheic. The results indicated that weaning piglets were more susceptible to PAstV infection followed by suckling piglets. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of PAstV4 and PAstV2 lineages in Haryana. The study revealed endemic presence of virus in the region with high genetic diversity among the PAstV strains, suggesting a wide range of heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are managed classically in three stages -- colostomy at birth, anorectal pull-through after 2-3 months, and stoma closure. Single-stage pull-through has been contemplated in neonatal age aimed to reduce the number of procedures, better long-term continence, the better psycho-social status of the child, and reduced cost of treatment, especially in resource-strained countries. We conducted a systematic review comparing neonatal single-stage pull-through with stage pull-through and did a meta-analysis for the outcome and complications. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched and RevMan 5.4.1 was used for the meta-analysis. Fourteen comparative studies including one randomized controlled trial were included in the systematic review for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included 1845 patients including 866 neonates undergoing single-stage pull-through. There was no statistically significant difference for the occurrence of surgical site infection (odds ratio [OR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-2.83), urinary tract injury (OR 1.82, 95% CI: 0.85-3.89), rectal prolapse (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.21-5.04), anal stenosis/stricture, voluntary bowel movements (OR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.25-3.73), constipation (OR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.61-1.67), soiling (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.52-1.51), mortality (OR 1.19, 95% CI: 0.04-39.74), or other complications. However, continence was seen to be better among patients undergoing neonatal pull-through (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.12-2.38). Thus, we can recommend single-stage pull-through for managing patients with ARMs in the neonatal age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mucus, composed significantly of glycosylated mucins, is a soft and rheologically complex material that lines respiratory, reproductive, and gastrointestinal tracts in mammals. Mucus may present as a gel, as a highly viscous fluid, or as a viscoelastic fluid. Mucus acts as a barrier to the transport of harmful microbes and inhaled atmospheric pollutants to underlying cellular tissue. Studies on mucin gels have provided critical insights into the chemistry of the gels, their swelling kinetics, and the diffusion and permeability of molecular constituents such as water. The transport and dispersion of micron and sub-micron particles in mucin gels and solutions, however, differs from the motion of small molecules since the much larger tracers may interact with microstructure of the mucin network. Here, using brightfield and fluorescence microscopy, high-speed particle tracking, and passive microrheology, we study the thermally driven stochastic movement of 0.5–5.0 μm tracer particles in 10% mucin solutions at neutral pH, and in 10% mucin mixed with industrially relevant dust; specifically, unmodified limestone rock dust, modified limestone, and crystalline silica. Particle trajectories are used to calculate mean square displacements and the displacement probability distributions; these are then used to assess tracer diffusion and transport. Complex moduli are concomitantly extracted using established microrheology techniques. We find that under the conditions analyzed, the reconstituted mucin behaves as a weak viscoelastic fluid rather than as a viscoelastic gel. For small- to moderately sized tracers with a diameter of lessthan 2  μ m, we find that effective diffusion coefficients follow the classical Stokes–Einstein relationship. Tracer diffusivity in dust-laden mucin is surprisingly larger than in bare mucin. Probability distributions of mean squared displacements suggest that heterogeneity, transient trapping, and electrostatic interactions impact dispersion and overall transport, especially for larger tracers. Our results motivate further exploration of physiochemical and rheological mechanisms mediating particle transport in mucin solutions and gels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying sustainable crop production systems that improve yield from existing farmland while improving resource use efficiency is critical to meet the growing demands of the increasing human population and diminishing natural resources. Considering the increasing cost associated with inorganic fertilizer, integrated nutrient management using both organic and inorganic sources is important. Therefore, optimizing nutrient management practices that increase yield, improve soil quality, build up soil organic carbon storage, and maintain energy balance can help achieve sustainability in farming systems. In this regard, different nutrient management practices under the rice–rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system were evaluated using five different criterions, namely, (i) crop yield response, (ii) soil quality, (iii) soil carbon stock, (iv) energy efficiency, and (v) profitability under lowland situations in the Goa state situated in the western coast of India. We tested six nutrient management treatments, namely, inorganic fertilizers, organic (farmyard manure), rice straw, and their combinations over three years from 2016 to 2019. The results revealed that integrated nutrient management improved soil carbon stock, microbial biomass carbon, and soil fertility more than the other treatments. The integrated use of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer showed significantly higher crop yield (9.86 v/s 9.41 Mg ha−1), microbial biomass carbon (354 v/s 233.7 mg kg−1 soil), soil carbon stock (36.65 v/s 25.5 Mg C ha−1), energy efficiency (23.8 v/s 22.3), and net return (1776 v/s 1508 USD) than those associated with chemical fertilizer alone. We conclude that the application of chemical fertilizers/organic sources alone may not be sustainable for the rice–rice cropping system in the Goa state of India; the focus should be on integrated nutrient management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered as adaptable alternatives of interest in catalytic reactions. Modern MOFs research and advancements strongly support their employment as catalysts to produce significant organic molecules. Concerning how such substances might be utilized in heterogeneous catalysis, the entire potency of MOFs in value‐added organic transformations must be thoroughly investigated. Standard MOFs components including encapsulation materials, linkers, metal‐nodes, and coated structures frequently provide effective catalytic active sites that provide ways to lessen human efforts to implement novel natural reactions. The significant aspects of using MOFs as recyclable catalysts are their convenient fabrication, consistent porosity, substantial pore volume, reusability and durable framework in addition to cost‐effectiveness. Since MOFs were extensively explored, they may have been used to fabricate medicinal active compounds through coupling and organic transformations. In this review, several Cu‐based MOFs are examined along with their catalytic attributes that assist with the selective fabrication of the product organic moieties via various cross‐coupling reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2003, the United States saw an epidemic of monkeypox that was later traced back to rodents of West Africa infected with the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Disease in the United States seemed less severe than the smallpox-like disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In this study, researchers analyzed data from Central Africa: two distinct MPXV clades were confirmed by sequencing the genomes of MPXV isolates from Western Africa, the United States, and Central Africa. By comparing open reading frames across MPXV clades, scientists can infer which virus proteins might account for the observed variation in pathogenicity in humans. Monkeypox can be prevented and controlled with a better understanding of MPXV's molecular etiology and epidemiological and clinical features. In light of the current outbreaks worldwide, we provide updated information on monkeypox for medical professionals in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neonatal appendicitis is a rare diagnosis. There is increased morbidity with associated complications like perforation, mass formation etc. Cases: We present here 6 cases of acute surgical abdomen, with pre-operative diagnosis of right iliac fossa lump formation in 3 and perforation peritonitis, intussusception, liver abscess each in 1 patient. On exploration, they were found to have complicated appendicitis. 5 of them could be salvaged, with 1 mortality. Conclusion: It is imperative to have high index of suspicion to prevent delayed treatment. Early surgical intervention is recommended to avoid potential morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the semiconductor industry, nanoscale devices have better ability to provide for biomolecules detection, but they face various problems during fabrication process, such as high doping concentration, random dopant fluctuation (RDF), higher production cost, low electrostatic control. To overcome these problems, charge plasma (CP) technique has been introduced by the formation of hafnium material at drain side and platinum material at source side with appropriate work-function. The proposed work charge plasma-based vertical-nanowire tunnel FET (CP-VNWTFET) has been designed and analyzed for biosensor application using different dielectric constant and gate underlap method by creating a cavity area under the gate metal. The sensitivity (S) of biosensor is calculated in terms of change in drain-current ( I d ) and transconductance ( g m ) by immobilizing the biomolecules such as Urease, Keratin, Streptavidin, ChOX, Zein, Gluten using gate underlap and dielectric modulation technique. The performance parameters like subthreshold slope (SS), off-current ( I off ), on-current ( I on ), on/off current ratio ( I on ∕ I off ) of the CP-VNWTFET have also been observed while varying the neutral and charged biomolecules at various biased conditions. The device is simulated by using Silvaco ATLAS simulator. The proposed device has been found to be suitable for low power sensor design application. A charge-plasma-based vertical-nanowire tunnel FET (CP-VNWTFET) has been designed for biosensor application using charge plasma and dielectric modulation techniques by creating a cavity area under the gate metal which is suitable for low power sensor design application. The sensitivity (S) of the biosensor is calculated in terms of change in drain-current (Id) and transconductance (gm) by immobilizing the various Biomolecules such as Urease, Streptavidin, Zein, Gluten etc., in the cavity area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronary Artery Calcium Data and Reporting System (CAC-DRS) is a standardized reporting method for calcium scoring on computed tomography. CAC-DRS is applied on a per-patient basis and represents the total calcium score with the number of vessels involved. There are 4 risk categories ranging from CAC-DRS 0 to CAC-DRS 3. CACDRS also provides risk prediction and treatment recommendations for each category. The main strengths of CAC-DRS include a detailed and meaningful representation of CAC, improved communication between physicians, risk stratification, appropriate treatment recommendations, and uniform data collection, which provides a framework for education and research. The major limitations of CAC-DRS include a few missing components, an overly simple visual approach without any standard reference, and treatment recommendations lacking a basis in clinical trials. This consistent yet straightforward method has the potential to systemize CAC scoring in both gated and non-gated scans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteomyelitis in the neonatal age group is a rare entity. Its presentation and progression are quite different from osteomyelitis in adults, adolescents, and even children. Due to vague clinical features and the late appearance of changes on X-rays, the diagnosis often gets missed. Additionally, there is a risk of permanent damage to bones and joints. Case Presentation: Our experience of 3 such interesting cases showed the diagnostic dilemma involved in neonatal osteomyelitis. All 3 cases presented as cellulitis or subcutaneous abscess initially as x-ray changes appeared late (7-10 days after onset of disease). All the babies needed surgical debridement. The average duration of antibiotics given was 35.5 days. No residual sequelae were reported for up to 2 years. Conclusion: Neonatal osteomyelitis needs a high index of suspicion especially in late-onset neonatal sepsis or prolonged septicemia. This case series emphasizes the need for a low threshold for suspicion and early treatment to avoid permanent disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organoboron compounds have a wide-range of applications in synthetic methodologies, natural products, and bioactive molecule synthesis. The sensitivity of boronic acid toward most synthetic reagents makes it necessary to introduce a protecting group before its utilization. Benchtop stable MIDA boronates have been found compatible with various common synthetic reagents which opens the doors for the synthesis of various small building blocks, natural products, and bioactive compounds. MIDA boronate compounds have been extensively utilized in Suzuki Miyaura coupling and Iterative cross-coupling reactions for the total synthesis of bioactive molecules and polymerization reactions. Different MIDA boronate compounds like vinyl, acyl, formyl, acrylic, and α-carbonyl MIDA boronates also act as novel synthetic building blocks for various synthetic transformations in organic synthesis. This paper summarizes the importance of MIDA boronate compounds in various aspects of organic chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensity and extent of climate change impacts differ significantly with the geographical and ecological structure of the landscape. This is especially evident in mountain ecosystems where topographic, climatic and biological gradients make them extremely vulnerable to global environmental changes. Designing strategies to mitigate and adapt to global climate change on such local landscapes requires a context-specific vulnerabilities that take into account their particular characteristics. Presently, there are two main challenges in assessing climate change vulnerability in mountain ecosystems: 1) The models that are used for vulnerability assessments at global scales are being used at local scales with broad variables from few sectors that do not capture the range of characteristics of mountain ecosystems 2) indigenous knowledge about climate change are not considered in these models, which makes the implementation of mitigation/adaptation measures less successful. In this study, we highlight these issues drawing from our data collected in India's Lesser Himalayan region (Darjeeling). We used a mixed research approach that combines a vulnerability assessment model with a participatory knowledge approach. We based climate change vulnerability around the socio-ecological system of the mountain landscape. The results from the interactive process showed that Darjeeling region is experiencing higher climate change vulnerability than the results produced by the model at the subregional level. We highlight critical variables that influence the socio-ecological system and need to be taken into account when assessing vulnerability and future adaptation scenarios. The study offers a decision support process for policymakers to plan climate mitigation/adaptation measures and future sustainability pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4), having unique properties, like suitable electronic band structure, ease of functionalization, easy synthesis, and high stability is a polymeric semiconductor. These properties make it suitable to act as a photocatalyst and have attracted researchers to use it for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). This review provides the recent advances (2019 onwards) in the development of g-C 3 N 4 - based photocatalysts to be employed for HER, starting with the fundamentals of g-C 3 N 4 , designing and engineering g–C 3 N 4 –based photocatalysts categorized as doped-g-C 3 N 4, composites of g-C 3 N 4 , and engineered-g-C 3 N 4 are discussed. Analysis of characteristics and advantages of g-C 3 N 4 - based heterojunctions is also provided, followed by current challenges and future perspectives, leading to the conclusion. It is expected to offer valuable information for rational design of novel and efficient g-C 3 N 4 - based photocatalysts for visible-light-driven HER. • Graphitic carbon nitride (g–C 3 N 4)–based photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). • Basics and types of Heterojunctions including mainly Z Type heterojunctions. • Modifications in nanostructure, doping and composite formation in g-C 3 N 4 to enhance photocatalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double-J stents have become part and parcel of various urological procedures. They may cause complications like migration, breakage, and knotting increasing proportionately with increasing indwelling time. Double-J stent migration is a well-known complication, but proximal migration is rare. It may add to patient morbidity and cost for retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Edge detection is a customarily task. Edge detection is the main task to perform as it gives clear information about the images. It is a tremendous device in photograph processing gadgets and computer imaginative and prescient. Previous research has been done on moving window approach and genetic algorithms. In this research paper new technique, Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) is applied which is galvanized through the social foraging conduct of Escherichia coli (E.coli). The Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) has been practice by analysts for clarifying real world optimization problems arising in different areas of engineering and application domains, due to its efficiency. The Brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization (BHEE) is another technique that is used for edge enhancement. The BFO is applied on the low level characteristics on the images to find the pixels of natural images and the values of F-measures, recall(r) and precision (p) are calculated and compared with the previous technique. The enhancement technique i.e. BBHE is carried out to improve the information about the pictures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The presence of hepatic parenchyma at ectopic locations is infrequently reported in neonatal age. Case details: A male neonate presented with clinical signs and symptoms of duodenal obstruction. At exploration, an annular pancreas was found as the causative factor and he underwent a Kimura's duodeno-duodenostomy. A pedicled cyst was attached to the stomach's greater curvature, was excised, and histologically was a mesothelial-lined cyst with ectopic liver, complete with bile ducts, in the cyst wall. Conclusion: Ectopic liver tissue may be clinically silent and found within the wall of a mesothelial cyst. Long-term complications of this ectopic tissue are not known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the concept of the generalized ∅−weak contractive condition involving various combinations of d(x,y) in modular metric spaces. Methods: Conventional theoretical methods of functional analysis. Results: This study presents the result of (Murthy & Vara Prasad, 2013) for a single-valued mapping satisfying a generalized ∅ −weak contractive condition involving various combinations of d(x,y). It is generalized in the setting of modular metric spaces, and then it is proved that this single-valued map satisfies the property P. In the end, an example is given in support of the result. Conclusion: With proper generalisations, it is possible to formulate wellknown results of classical metric spaces to the case of modular metric spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Negatively charged MXene Nanosheets are prepared via exfoliation of the MAX phase using HF treatment and the intercalation of DMSO in the sheets using ultra-sonication. • Multi-layered structures with functional groups (-OH, -F, -O) and a hetero-interface between MXene/MnCo 2 O 4 have been synthesized to enhance microwave absorption. • Optimal proportion of the hierarchical structure with a molar ratio of 6:4 for MXene/MnCo 2 O 4 to achieve impedance matching in the composite. • At a loading of 70 wt% the recorded reflection loss is −44.4 dB with 5.114 mm thickness and at 5.14 mm the RL max is −38.55 mm. The great potential for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption is revealed in two-dimensional (2D) Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) thin sheets that have numerous surface flaws and an extensive spectrum of functional groups. In this study , Ti 3 AlC 2 (MAX Phase) is etched, and then ultrasonic exfoliation is used to create 2D ultrathin Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets; a type of MXene. The MnCo 2 O 4 spherical particles were grown on the layered structure of Ti 3 C 2 T x via a one-pot hydrothermal process. The synthesized Ti 3 C 2 T x /MnCo 2 O 4 composite provides superior bulk-to-surface and interfacial charge transfer capabilities due to their short charge transfer distance and extensive interface contact area to the EMW. This article thoroughly evaluates the loss impact in Ti 3 C 2 T x /MnCo 2 O 4 absorbers as -44.4 dB of reflection loss at 16.04 GHz with a thickness of 5.114 mm for the first time, which is essential for fabricating an effective microwave absorber. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supernumerary nostril or accessory nostril is a very rare congenital abnormality of nose. Less than 50 cases of same have been reported in English literature so far. In this study, the author present case of a 7-year-old female who had isolated supernumerary right nostril. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyand's hernia is a rare presentation accounting for about 1% of all inguinal hernias. It is usually a per-operative diagnosis, but may be picked up on preoperative ultrasound. Although rare, it is usually right-sided. We present here 3 cases of Amyand's hernia, out of which one was on left side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Molecular docking analysis of various quinazoline and azole derivatives. • Molecular docking interactions associated with specific targets. • The creation of innovative drugs to combat cancer and tuberculosis. Molecular docking is a computational method based on bioinformatics that simulates the interaction dynamics of molecules such as ligands and receptors, predicting their binding modalities and affinities using computer simulations. Initially conceived to elucidate molecular recognition mechanisms between disparate molecules, the utility and scope of docking in drug development have undergone substantial evolution in recent years. Particularly in medicinal chemistry, this technology, notably in structure-based rational drug design, has gained importance and widespread acceptance within the scientific community. This review delves into the development of N-heterocyclic compounds (NHCs), notable for their dual attributes of anti-tubercular and anti-cancer properties. Reviewing the organic synthesis approaches used to produce NHCs is another aspect of it. Consequently, the presented review intends to make a substantial contribution to the field of research by examining a wide range of molecular docking interactions that target particular biological targets and using the insights gained to develop novel therapeutic agents to fight tuberculosis and cancer. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes the shear-wave attenuation tomography of the Garhwal and Kumaun regions, Uttarakhand Himalaya, to investigate the crustal state. Based on attenuation characteristics, the high attenuated layer identified starts at ∼10 km in the Garhwal region and ∼5 km in the Kumaun region. The obtained model revealed that quality factor (Q) values vary from 16 to 664 and 49 to 866 at 1 Hz frequency for the Kumaun and Garhwal regions, respectively. The high attenuation rate (1/Q) in the Kumaun region compared to the Garhwal region may be due to the high attenuated layer at a shallower depth in the Kumaun region. The comparatively low attenuation rate of the Garhwal characterizes it as a region with high seismic hazard potential. Pioneeringly, layered frequency-dependent attenuation models are proposed up to a depth of 30 km for six different layers with 5 km thickness each, which will provide new insight into seismic hazard evaluation. • Explore the crustal state of Uttarakhand Himalaya using 3D attenuation tomography. • Spatial variation of attenuation properties is identified in the study region. • Identification of a high attenuated layer in the upper crust. • This layer varies from ∼10 km depth in the Garhwal and ∼5 km in the Kumaun region. • The highly attenuated layer complements the intra-crustal high conducting layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The requirement in resolving electromagnetic (EM) problems in stealth warhead technologies are excellent absorption ability, lightweight, and thin dimensions. In this direction, this study provides a straightforward hydrothermal one-pot method to synthesize superparamagnetic Mn-based ferrite co-doped with Co and Cu (MCCF), and the article presents its microwave absorption properties. Using cutting-edge techniques, the MCCF nanocomposite phase structure, morphological, superparamagnetic, and microwave absorption properties were measured and analyzed. MCCF-822 ferrite shows superparamagnetic properties simultaneously with a high M s value 71.4 emu/g. Vector network analysis of MCCF-822 with 70 wt% loading demonstrates an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.2 GHz with a maximum reflection loss (RL max) of −19.2 dB at 2 mm thickness, and it spans almost 92.77 % frequency region (3.3–18 GHz range with RL < −10 dB) by varying thickness 1.7 mm–6 mm. At 60 wt% loading, it covers the whole X & K u band with a thickness range from 2 to 9 mm with a good EAB of 4.3 GHz at 2.5 mm thickness with RL max of −16 dB. The dual absorption bands are also present in MCCF-613, which increases the EAB with RL max −52.99 dB at 9 mm, fulfilling the superparamagnetic properties. Thus, MCCF-822 is proposed as a cost-effective superior ferrite nanocomposite for microwave absorption applications. [Display omitted] • The superparamagnetic nanocubes within 3–27 nm range of dimensions are synthesized hydrothermally. • The Ms value 71.4 emu/g was obtained for MCCF ferrite. • The maximum RL of −19.2 dB at 2 mm thickness with EAB 5.2 GHz was attained, covering 20 % of X band and 68 % of K u band. • Superparamagnetic nanocubes can be used as an efficient microwave-absorbing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of different nitrogen (N) management options on the nutrient uptake, biomass carbon sequestration and yield of maize-wheat system in reclaimed sodic soil of the Trans-Gangetic Plains of India. Seven N management treatments – T1 [100% recommended dose of N (RDN) + 10 t ha−1 farm yard manure (FYM)]; T2 (100% RDN); T3 (75% RDN + 25% N through FYM); T4 (50% RDN + 50% N through FYM), T5 (25% N through FYM); T6 (50% N through FYM) and T7 (control; No N) were tested. Maximum nutrient uptake, biomass carbon sequestration and yield of maize-wheat system were reported in 100% RDN + FYM treatment. Total biomass carbon sequestration and yield were significantly higher by 47.8% and 30.4%, respectively in 100% RDN + FYM as compared to control treatment. However, 100% RDN + FYM was statistically at par with the 100% RDN, 75% RDN + 25% N through FYM, and 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM treatments for both these variables. Nutrient uptake, total carbon sequestration and yield in 50% N through FYM and 25% N through FYM were insignificantly higher as compared to control, but significantly lower than the 100% RDN treatment. Results indicated that the addition of FYM with RDN increased the nutrient uptake, biomass carbon sequestration and yield of maize-wheat system. Higher biomass carbon sequestration and sustainability to maize and wheat cropping system is need of the hour in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Vehicular ad‐hoc network (VANET) is the unstructured evolving conception of a wireless network; clustering in these networks is perplexing due to continuously varying topology and recurrent disconnection in networks. The cluster head (CH) stability plays a noticeable role in robustness and scalability in the network. The author designs a model that includes cluster generation and maintenance. The cluster formation is conceived on the notion that the changes that are brought about due to the vehicle's speed are inevitable. A directed hypergraph approach is used to comprehend this problem, and then, based on the spectral clustering through tensor trace maximization, an optimal number of the cluster is formed. The centers of these clusters are used to place the auxiliary facilities that aid cluster maintenance. In the maintenance phase, the author has envisioned a CH selection method based on a summed amalgamation of three metrics: link lifetime, cooperative connectivity level, and relative cooperative speed superimposed on the vehicular hypergraph network to design the metric for choosing a stable CH. The proposed scheme is tested on the old Delhi area that includes a market area with urban inclusion. Also, the area is highly crowded as being the marketplace. The region also has a tourist attraction as being part of the heritage of Delhi. The traffic density and the variety are high in peak hours—a complete analysis of the different vehicular mobility and routing analysis. The analysis done through microscopic and macroscopic parameters has projected significant improvement in the CH stability and a promising solution for dynamic networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinazolines and their derivative are among the most significant heterocyclic compounds due to their several chemical reactivities and vital range of biological activity. Although a tremendous number of research papers are dedicated to synthesizing quinazolines and their derivatives using reaction conditions like expensive catalysts, multistep reactions, high temperature, use of the base and toxic solvents. But moving toward a greener approach, nanocatalysts have emerged as potential candidates owing to high surface area and more exposed active sites for reactants which enhances the selectivity and reduces the quantity of catalyst requirement. The synthesis of quinazoline derivatives is mainly limited to primary screening using eco-friendly nanocatalysts. This review provides the biological importance of quinazoline and its derivatives and enlists the various nanocatalysts (2015–present) involved in the synthesis of quinazolines and their derivative with emphasis on synthetic strategies and catalytic performances. This review will provide an idea for the rational designing of eco-friendly, novel and efficient nanocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) is a standardized reporting method for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). It summarizes the findings of CCTA in 6 categories ranging from CAD-RADS 0 (complete absence of coronary artery disease) to CAD-RADS 5 (total occlusion of at least one vessel). It is applied on per patient basis for the highest grade of the stenotic lesion. The CAD-RADS also provides categoryspecific treatment recommendations, helping patient management. The main objectives of the CAD-RADS are to improve the consistency in reporting, facilitate the communication between interpreting and referring clinicians, recommend the best course of patient management, and produce consistent data for quality improvement, research and education. However, CADRADS has many limitations, resulting into the misclassification of the observed findings, misinterpretation of the final category, and misguidance for the treatment based upon the single score. In this review, the authors discuss the CAD-RADS categories and modifiers, along with the strengths and limitations of this new classification system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research highlights: The frequency-dependent shear-wave quality factor and site amplification are computed simultaneously for the Garhwal region, NW Himalaya. A regional quality factor relationship of form, Qβ(f) = (102 ± 3.9)f(1.0±0.1) is established for the Garhwal Himalaya. The acceleration records corrected from the obtained site effect are used to develop attenuation relations at each recording station. The close resemblance of obtained Qβ(f) relations and the geology has been observed for the study region. The frequency-dependent shear-wave quality factor (Qβ(f)) and site amplification are computed for the seismically and tectonically active Garhwal Himalaya. The inversion technique of strong motion data is applied to obtain Qβ(f) and site effect at each recording station. The strong motion data of 82 earthquakes recorded in the Garhwal region is used for the present inversion algorithm. The comparison of site effects obtained by the present inversion scheme and well developed H/V technique (H/V is the ratio of Fourier spectra horizontal to vertical components) shows that site effects computed through the inversion technique have close resemblance with these estimates from the H/V technique. Both horizontal components are used to establish the frequency-dependent Qβ(f) relations at each station. The values of 'Qo' and 'n' at different stations vary from 92 to 112 and 0.9 to 1.1, respectively. The close resemblance of obtained Qβ(f) relations at different stations suggest, the presence of almost similar type of lithology, i.e., hard rock at these stations. A regional quality factor relationship of form, Qβ(f) = (102 ± 3.9)f(1.0±0.1) is established for the Garhwal Himalaya based on modelled Qβ values of each station. This relationship reveals low Qo value (<200) and high n value (>0.8) for the Garhwal Himalaya, which correspond to tectonically and seismically active region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly caused by uropathogenic E coli (UPEC), which uses different mechanisms to invade and damage hosts. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a double‐edged sword, although beneficial in the clearance of dysfunctional cells or pathogens but results in severe pathologies, if unchecked. NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in UPEC‐mediated inflammatory cell death during UPEC infection, though the effects of its activation are not clearly understood yet. Inflammatory response usually involves Signal‐I (MyD88, TRIF and NF‐κB signalling) and Signal‐II (Inflammasome oligomerization) which is induced by the pathogen‐associated molecular patterns during infection. We observed that proIL‐1β and mature IL‐1β remained unchanged on inhibition of MyD88 and TRIF‐dependent signalling in CFT073‐insulted THP‐1m. However, inhibition of NF‐κB pathway resulted in concomitant reduction in both pro‐ and cleaved forms of IL‐1β in cellular extracts but there was no change in IL‐1 β secretion. Interestingly, inhibition of NLRP3 completely abolished the maturation and release of cleaved form of IL‐1β. Additionally, NLRP3‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction (increased mito‐ROS and mitochondrial hyperpolarization) resulting in cell death was induced in CFT073‐insulted THP‐1m, which was rescued upon inhibition of NLRP3 activation. Therefore, we have concluded that UPEC uses a different signal‐I pathway (other than MyD88 and TRIF), while NLRP3 inflammasome is the major signal‐II for the induction of inflammatory response. Further, this study signifies the importance of NLRP3‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in CFT073‐induced inflammatory cell death of macrophages, which could be rescued through inhibition of NLRP3 activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review covers extensively the synthesis & surface modification, characterization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles. For biomedical applications, consideration should be given to factors such as design strategies, the synthesis process, coating, and surface passivation. The synthesis method regulates post-synthetic change and specific applications in vitro and in vivo imaging/diagnosis and pharmacotherapy/administration. Special insights have been provided on biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity in a living system, which is imperative for their wider application in biology. These nanoparticles can be decorated with multiple contrast agents and thus can also be used as a probe for multi-mode imaging or double/triple imaging, for example, MRI-CT, MRI-PET. Similarly loading with different drug molecules/dye/fluorescent molecules and integration with other carriers have found application not only in locating these particles in vivo but simultaneously target drug delivery/hyperthermia inside the body. Studies are underway to collect the potential of these magnetically driven nanoparticles in various scientific f ields such as particle interaction, heat conduction, imaging, and magnetism. Surely, this comprehensive data will help in the further development of advanced techniques for theranostics based on high-performance magnetic nanoparticles and will lead this research area in a new sustainable direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine astrovirus (PAstV) is distributed worldwide and has been reported to cause diarrhea in pigs. PAstV belongs to the family Astroviridae and genus Mamastrovirus. PAstVs are divided into five diverse genotypes (PAstV1-PAstV5) on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of a part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene and the capsid gene. However, knowledge regarding the clinical significance and molecular characteristics of PAstV in Haryana, India, is limited. In this study, we investigated the presence of PAstV by RT-PCR of the partial RdRp gene in 110 rectal swabs collected from diarrheic pigs in different parts of Haryana, India. Of these, 35 samples (31.8%) tested positive for PAstV, with the highest positivity observed among weaning piglets 3 to 9 weeks of age (47.7%, 21/44), followed by fattening pigs 9 to 24 weeks of age (28.5%, 8/28). Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RdRp gene revealed circulation of four different genotypes (PAstV1, PAstV2, PAstV4, and PAstV5) in Haryana, with PAstV1 being the predominant genotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of PAstV1 and PAstV5 in the pig population of India. The PAstV sequences revealed high genetic variability and genetic heterogeneity in a relatively confined area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common infectious diseases in the world. It is becoming increasingly tough to treat because of emergence of antibiotic resistance. So, there is an exigency to develop novel anti-virulence therapeutics to combat multi-drug resistance pathogenic strains. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) discovery has revolutionized the gene editing technology for targeted approach. The greatest obstacle for CRISPR/Cas9 is cargo delivery systems and both viral and plasmid methods have disadvantages. Here, we report a highly efficient novel CRISPR based gene editing strategy, CRISPR-dots for targeting virulence factor Fimbrial Adhesion (papG gene), the bacterial adhesion molecule. Carbon quantum dots (CQD) were used as a delivery vehicle for Cas9 and gRNA into CFT073, a UPEC strain. CQDs were covalently conjugated to cas9 and papG-targeted guide RNA (gRNA) forming a nanocomplex CRISPR-dots (Cri-dots) as confirmed by DLS and transmission electron microscopy. Cri-dots-papG significantly targeted papG as demonstrated by decrease in the expression of papG.Further papG deficient UPEC had significantly reduced adherence ability and biofilm forming ability as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Also, papG deficient UPEC had reduced virulence as shown by significantly increased survival of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worms compared to UPEC. Our findings suggest that targeting of papG gene using Cri-dots nanocomplexes significantly reduced the pathogenicity of UPEC. Thus, Cri-dots nanocomplex offer a novel anti-bacterial strategy against multi-drug resistant UPEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common infectious diseases in the world. It is becoming increasingly tough to treat because of emergence of antibiotic resistance. So, there is an exigency to develop novel anti-virulence therapeutics to combat multi-drug resistance pathogenic strains. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) discovery has revolutionized the gene editing technology for targeted approach. The greatest obstacle for CRISPR/Cas9 is cargo delivery systems and both viral and plasmid methods have disadvantages. Here, we report a highly efficient novel CRISPR based gene editing strategy, CRISPR-dots for targeting virulence factor Fimbrial Adhesion (papG gene), the bacterial adhesion molecule. Carbon quantum dots (CQD) were used as a delivery vehicle for Cas9 and gRNA into CFT073, a UPEC strain. CQDs were covalently conjugated to cas9 and papG-targeted guide RNA (gRNA) forming a nanocomplex CRISPR-dots (Cri-dots) as confirmed by DLS and transmission electron microscopy. Cri-dots-papG significantly targeted papG as demonstrated by decrease in the expression of papG.Further papG deficient UPEC had significantly reduced adherence ability and biofilm forming ability as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Also, papG deficient UPEC had reduced virulence as shown by significantly increased survival of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worms compared to UPEC. Our findings suggest that targeting of papG gene using Cri-dots nanocomplexes significantly reduced the pathogenicity of UPEC. Thus, Cri-dots nanocomplex offer a novel anti-bacterial strategy against multi-drug resistant UPEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation focuses on producing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing a quick, economical, and environmentally friendly approach employing aqueous fruit extracts of Dysoxylum binectariferum plant. The ZnO NPs were thoroughly characterized using P‐XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and BET techniques. The synthesized nanoparticles' anti‐bacterial properties were evaluated against Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. pyogenes). The findings indicated that the synthesized material exhibited greater efficacy against Gram‐negative bacterial infections, especially E. coli. Furthermore, the anti‐fungal activity was examined using the C. albicans strain, demonstrating that the synthesized ZnO NPs were twice as effective against C. albicans compared to the conventional medication Griseofulvin. In contrast, Griseofulvin, with a 500 μM MIC against the C. albicans pathogenic fungal strain, did not display the same level of efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound 2-(3-(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-5-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (DTPH) was synthesized by the reaction of (E)-1-(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (DTPO) with 2-hydrazinyl benzothiazole under microwave irradiation. Chalcone was synthesized by the reaction of 1-(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)ethan-1-one with 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde under same conditions. The structure of the DTPH was confirmed by the spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EI-MS) and elemental analysis. The physicochemical behavior of newly synthesized DTPH was determined in different solvents. As a result of the measurements, a large red shift in the fluorescence of the DTPH studied was observed, when the polarity of the solvents increases (n-Hexane to DMSO). Optical properties of DTPH such as dipole moment, oscillator strength, stokes shift, and fluorescence quantum yields were determined in different polarities of the solvents. The effect of cationic and anionic surfactant such as CTAB and SDS on DTPH dye was also studied to determine the critical micelle concentration of CTAB and SDS surfactants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a type of ventriculoarterial connection in which both great arteries arise entirely or predominantly from the right ventricle. The morphology of DORV is characterized by a ventricular septal defect (location and relationship with the semilunar valve); bilateral coni and aortomitral continuity; the presence or absence of outflow tract obstruction; tricuspid-pulmonary annular distance; and associated cardiac anomalies. The surgical approach varies with the type of DORV and is based on multiple variables. Computed tomography (CT) is a robust diagnostic tool for the preoperative and postoperative assessment of DORV. Unlike echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CT imaging is not limited by small acoustic window, need for anaesthesia and can be used in patients with metallic implants. Current generations CT scanners with high spatial and temporal resolution, wide detectors, high-pitch scanning mode, dosereduction algorithms, and advanced three-dimensional post-processing tools provide a low-risk, high-quality alternative to diagnostic cardiac catheterization or MRI, and have been increasingly utilized in nearly every type of congenital heart defect, including DORV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pearl millet also called “poor man food” is known for its drought resistance, well adaptation to harsh conditions like soils with poor water holding capacity, low nutrient status, problematic soils, etc. Irrigation has been recognized as a basic necessity for sustaining high productivity of various crops. Moreover, it affects the crop yield directly as well as indirectly by increasing their response to other inputs including fertilizers and various management practices. It is well known that water deficit is one of the major abiotic factors limiting crop productivity in the semi-arid tropics. Out of the various production constraints; low productivity of pearl millet is mainly attributed to its cultivation under dry land conditions and improper water management under irrigated conditions. So application of irrigation water offers the scope for improving the quality as well as productivity of pearl millet. Therefore, to augment the productivity of the poor’s man crop, review of the research work related to irrigation scheduling and moisture conservation practices of pearl millet has been presented here for directing the future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound 2-(3-(2,5-dimethylfuran-3-yl)-5-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (DEPT) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole with chalcone (DFCP). The structure of the DEPT was established by the spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Photophysical and physicochemical properties of the DEPT chromophore was studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The optical properties of newly synthesized DEPT chromophore were depended on the different polarity of the solvents. Effects of two surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) of the DEPT chromophore were studied and suggested that, it can be used as probe to determine the critical micelle concentration of the CTAB and SDS surfactants. Moreover, DEPT chromophore can be used as fluorometric detection of selective Cu2+ metal ion. According to the obtained data, the fluorescence intensity of the DEPT was decreased intensity of the fluorescence spectra significantly by the concentration dependent manner. So the DEPT can be used as on to off fluorescence chemosensor for the detection of Cu2+ metal ion. Quenching behavior was explained by the Benesi-Hildebrand and Stern-Volmer mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]