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In this study, a novel designed particle sizing system, called two-column particle sizer (TC-PS), was developed to measure simultaneously the total particle number concentration and particle size distribution. The TC-PS consists of a compact condensation particle counter with two sampling inlets (TC-CPC) and a miniaturized differential mobility analyzer (mini-DMA). The entire TC-PS system, with other main parts for operation, such as pumps, pressure sensors, board, neutralizer, frame, and other small components, weighed only 1.7 kg and was designed to accommodate mobile measurements for atmospheric research. Systematic experiments were performed to evaluate the counting efficiency of the TC-CPC for calibrating the instrument and correcting the coincidence errors. Particle size distributions obtained by the TC-PS were compared to the reference TSI-scanning mobility particle sizer (TSI-SMPS), and the results from the proposed and reference system for different particle concentrations and materials agreed well. Finally, 24-h data of particle number concentration and size distribution were obtained by the TC-PS in the laboratory in regular working environments. The TC-CPC measurements showed a good response to a fast changing concentration, and the obtained particle size distribution represented the events well, especially in the case of particle formation and high concentration due to the soldering activities in the laboratory. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling of waste resources is not optional but rather essential to achieve a sustainable human future. In this study, the feasibility of carbonized wood flour (CWF) as a conductive filler was evaluated for improving the electrical conductivity of polymer composites because wood flour is a sustainable and promising precursor for CWF filler, as a naturally abundant and industrially steady resource. The optimized electrical conductivity of the composite with 25 wt% CWF post‐treated by the inductively coupled plasma (ICP), proposed in this study, was 71 S/m, exceeding that of the carbon black (CB)‐filled composite (12 S/m). In addition, the estimated production cost of ICP treated CWF ($1.35–1.55/kg) was about 22.5%–32.5% lower than that of commercial CB ($2/kg). Therefore, the CWF was an effective, economical, and eco‐friendly conductive filler to enhance the electrical conductivity of polymer composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen plasma processis usually implemented for selective etching of organic films. The oxygen plasma etches the organic materials non-uniformly, the deep etching generatesthe rough surface morphology. However, high-pressure plasma environment can maintain the initial surface status independent of etching depth. Here, a high-pressureplasma etching method that can reduce the surface roughness of ferroelectric polymer film is presented. After an amorphous polymer having the same etching rate is formed, the surface of the amorphous polymer film is treated with a plasma, which makes it possible to have a smoother surface than the original film. This process is expected to be useful for the surface treatment of all crystalline polymers, including ferroelectric polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 3D model of apple orchard was reconstructed by lightweight multi-camera photogrammetry. • 3D point cloud data was used to calculate individual tree volume and pruning severity. • Voxel-based algorithm entailed interior filling, edge voxel refinement, and interior refilling. • Pruning severity was visualized by mapping limb-to-trunk volume ratio onto orchard image. Estimating tree volume is crucial for managing apple orchards, as it reflects the nutritional status and vigor of the trees. However, accurate assessment of tree volume in apple orchards is challenging due to their complex structure. This study introduces a novel method for three-dimensional volume calculation of individual apple trees. Our approach facilitates the determination of pruning severity by analyzing the limb-to-trunk volume ratio and enables the creation of detailed pre- and post-pruning maps. We utilized a lightweight multi-camera system to reconstruct 3D point clouds of the trees and developed a voxel-based algorithm for tree volume calculation. This algorithm includes steps for interior filling, edge voxel thinning, and interior refilling. We validated our algorithm on seven apple trees by comparing the calculated volumes with the ground truth, determined using the water displacement method. The results showed that our voxel-based algorithm was highly effective in accurately calculating individual tree volumes from 3D point clouds. The algorithm also demonstrated a high coefficient of determination (0.994) and a mean absolute percentage error of 2.919% in a linear regression analysis against the ground truth. Furthermore, we produced detailed tree volume and pruning severity maps for individual trees, both before and after pruning. In conclusion, this study offers an effective solution combining 3D imaging and volume calculation techniques to accurately estimate individual apple tree volumes, providing a quantitative assessment of pruning severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared scene projector (IRSP) is a tool for evaluating the performance of infrared (IR) sensors by generating and projecting virtual IR images. Developing IRSPs with a high frame rate is necessary to evaluate high-speed IR sensors. To develop IRSPs with high frame rates, porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) with high thermal conductivity is proposed as a constituent material of IR emitters, which emit infrared rays in IRSPs. Through structure design and fabrication, an AAO-based IR emitter having a suspended structure with a gap of $1~\mu \text{m}$ from the substrate was fabricated. The operating speed was obtained by confirming the change in the temperature, which was calculated by measuring the change in resistance after applying the step-function voltage. The operating speed of the AAO-based IR emitter was found to increase with decrease in the leg length of the device. The frame rate of the device with a $5~\mu \text{m}$ leg length was found to be 155.3 Hz, twice as fast as the conventional silicon nitride (Si3N4)-based emitters with the same leg length and pitch. Consequently, it is possible to develop the high-speed IRSPs with the application of AAO for emitter. [2019-0191] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to both ferroelectricity and polymer properties, ferroelectric polymers are suitable for fabrication of high-density memory devices in a multi-layered structure. Recently, multi-bit memory devices using a ferroelectric polymer has been reported, in which two capacitors in a memory cell are horizontally positioned and they are electrically connected in a parallel. In this paper, however, a multi-bit memory device with multi-layered structure will be demonstrated, in which two capacitors are vertically positioned but they are electrically connected in parallel, equivalently. By blending crosslinking agent into ferroelectric solution, organic-solvent-tolerant ferroelectric film could be realized for vertically-stacked structure. The memory operation was observed at a maximum of 20 V, and there were four distinct states. In particular, the area efficiency of 25% is higher than that of a previous horizontal multi-bit memory device. The findings here are expected to be very useful to those involved in the creation of high-density and high-reliability organic memory devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: We aimed to evaluate the impact of topical hemostatic sealants and bipolar coagulation during laparoscopic ovarian endometriotic cyst resection on ovarian reserve by comparing the rates of decrease in anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH). Methods: A randomized prospective data collection was made on women aged 19–45 years who planned to have laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy at one of two institutions (n = 80), Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea or National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea, from January 2014 to April 2016. Patients were randomly divided into two groups treated with either a topical hemostatic sealant or bipolar coagulation for hemostasis. The hemostatic group was randomized to the FloSeal or TachoSil subgroups. Preoperative and 3‐month postoperative AMH levels were checked and the rates of decrease of AMH were compared. All patients enrolled were treated with dienogest (Visanne) for 6–12 months. None were lost to follow‐up at postoperative 3 months, but about one‐third of the patients had been lost to follow‐up by 6–12 months. Results: AMH was significantly decreased in both groups 3 months postoperatively; however, the rate of decrease in the bipolar coagulation group was greater than that in the hemostatic sealant group, 41.9% (interquartile range [IQR], 22.29–65.24) versus 18.1% (IQR, 10.94–29.90), P = 0.007. Between the two hemostatic subgroups, there was no significant difference in AMH decrease rate, 14.95% (IQR, 11.34–21.21) versus 18.1% (IQR 9.76–40.70), P = 0.204. Conclusion: Hemostatic sealants may be an alternative to bipolar coagulation for preservation of ovarian reserve after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An apple orchard 3D model was reconstructed using a drone multi-view imaging system. • Individual apples were extracted via a 3D instance segmentation algorithm. • The position and volume of individual apples were computed. • The distribution and spatial variability of apple traits were obtained. Estimating three-dimensional (3D) fruit-level phenotypic traits of apple trees can potentially improve apple orchard breeders' management strategy. However, the phenotypic traits of apple fruits (including the quantity, 3D distribution, and volume of apples) constitute important parameters that influence yield but are difficult to quantify manually. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively and efficiently quantify apple phenotyping to monitor apple yield and support a better management system. This study developed a novel method for extracting individual 3D apple traits and 3D mapping for three apple training systems. The 3D point cloud of apples was reconstructed from multi-view images collected via a multi-camera system-based unmanned-aerial vehicle. Individual apples in the 3D point cloud were extracted via a 3D instance segmentation algorithm that included generalized sparse convolutional neural networks, a weighted discriminative loss function, and a varying density-based 3D clustering method. The developed apple trait extraction algorithm can help compute the position and volume of an individual apple. The R2 values with the average weighted-mean-absolute-percentage error (WMAPE) of apple counting and apple volume estimation were 0.84–0.99 (VMAPE = 3.41–12.75%) and 0.84–0.90 (WMAPE = 4.74–7.03%), respectively. The 3D spatial and volumetric distribution of apples were obtained and analyzed. This study developed an effective method combining 3D photography and 3D instance segmentation that can accurately estimate individual apple phenotypic traits from different types of apple training systems in orchards and can also be utilized for the analysis of other fruit traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs) has been confirmed as a prototype electrochemical system that is effective in converting water into hydrogen and oxygen under the application of electricity. Among the core components of PEMEC, the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) determines critically an overall electrochemical performance of the PEMEC. Ideally a PEM system should exhibit a complex transport behavior of small molecules (e.g., gases and ions) while mediating flows of ions in the cell; it should exhibit high proton selectivity while serving as a gas barrier to hydrogen and oxygen to increase current efficiency, which are in turn vital factors in determining an effectiveness when the electric energy is used for water electrolysis. Until now, perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers have been extensively used as PEM materials in water electrolysis while in generating hydrogen and oxygen gases simultaneously in high purity. In this study we have examined the chemical structure of PEM membranes derived from various types of PFSA ionomers by employing solid-state 19F MAS NMR. Subsequently, a structure-property-performance correlation was sought in accordance with the chemical structure, the dispersion characteristics, and membrane properties of PFSA ionomers. Furthermore, the effects of the membrane morphology as well as the ionomer packing characteristics on proton conduction and hydrogen transportation were investigated. Lastly, the membrane properties exerted by varying the chemical architectures and equivalent weight (EW) values of PFSA ionomers in PEMEC were confirmed. 3 M 725 membrane, which has the highest concentration of sulfonic acid groups in the hydrated state, has the highest proton conductivity. In addition, it showed the best water electrolytic cell performance via the synergistic effect with low gas permeability obtained as a result from the short side chain structure. • PFSA ionomers of the various types of chemical structures and equivalent weights that serve as PEM materials for PEMEC are studied. • The relationships between the chemical structures of PFSA ionomers and the dispersion characteristics as well as the membrane properties were examined. • The membranes derived from shorter side-chain PFSA ionomers exhibited improved gas barrier and proton conductivity properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For an identical ferroelectric material, operation at a different voltage means that all ferroelectric films should be designed for different thicknesses, though this increases the degree of process complexity. Here, a technique which can be used to adjust the coercive voltage (V C ) of a metal-ferroelectric film-metal capacitor is demonstrated. The V C -adjustable capacitor was fabricated with ferroelectric polymer film and the capacitor consists of two sub-capacitors with different thicknesses. For a common top and bottom electrode, the sub-capacitors are equivalent to two parallel-connected capacitors. With regard to the variance of the ratio of the area of the sub-capacitors, a V C -adjustable capacitor can take coercive voltage between two V C values, each of which correspond to the V C value of each respective sub-capacitor. In this demonstration, the width of the tuning range of the V C values was 3.6 V. In addition, the strategy for a linear V C adjustment of a V C -adjustable capacitor is discussed in terms of the concept of nonlinearity. This demonstration with a ferroelectric polymer is predicted to be applicable to emerging organic electronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric multi-bit storage memory which is fabricated by means of the patterning and double-coating of ferroelectric polymer film is demonstrated. The multi-bit memory device demonstrated here has two thicknesses in a capacitor. Therefore, ferroelectric switching at each thickness arises in different voltage range. The structured capacitor with two different thicknesses is realized by optimizing two processes, i.e., the photo-lithographical patterning of the ferroelectric film and a double-coating method for the formation of the multilayer structure. Not only photo-lithographical patterning but also the double-coating method of ferroelectric film was performed with a solubility-controlled ferroelectric polymer solution created by the addition of an insoluble solvent. From electrostatic force microscopy and displacement-voltage measurements, the fabricated multi-bit storage memory operated as predicted for a multi-bit memory scheme. The solubility-controlling method suggested here will offer additional promising routes to fabricate complex organic devices based on a solution process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a long bone fracture reduction surgery, assistant surgeons suffer from physical fatigue due to tension in the surrounding muscles of the patient's broken bones. To mitigate this physical workload, a positioning robot can be utilized by attracting and aligning a broken femur following a surgeon's command. However, the excessive force that the positioning robot exerts can cause damage to bone tissue or muscles of the patient. In this work, a force feedback scheme using double force-torque sensors and adjustable admittances is proposed to reduce the excessive forces exerted on broken bones by the positioning robot, as well as providing force feedback to the surgeon to feel the contact force between the bones. For this purpose, first a force feedback scheme is implemented to reduce the excessive force exerted on bone by moving the positioning robot toward the direction of larger force between the operational force and the scaled value of contact force. Second, it is shown that the proposed 1-DOF and 6-DOF force feedback are feasible by verifying that the operational force/torque command input and the environment contact forces are almost identical. Third, the force feedback scheme is shown to be capable of adjusting a force-scaling by adjusting a ratio of admittances of the operational force/torque command input to that of the environment contact force. At last, we also show that the performance of the force feedback is affected by the stiffness of the environment that includes medical bone fixture. As above, it is expected that the reliability and ease of bone fracture reduction robotic surgery will become possible by applying the force feedback scheme; it is also expected that secondary damage to bone tissue can be prevented by limiting the force of the positioning robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Objective: To assess the utility of TachoSil for achieving hemostasis after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).Design: Case-control study (Canadian Task Force Classification II-2).Setting: University hospital.Patients: One hundred seventy-three patients who underwent LEEP.Interventions: Patients were managed by LEEP with application of TachoSil (TachoSil group, n=75) or without application of TachoSil (control group, n=94).Measurements and Main Results: Patient characteristics (age, specimen depth, resection margin, LEEP histopathology, or use of TachoSil) except for parity were similar between the two study groups. Severe bleeding requiring any intervention developed in 14% of patients (24 of 169 patients), without any statistically significant difference between the two groups (11% in the TachoSil group vs. 17% in the control group; P=0.274). On the logistic regression analysis, other potential clinico-pathologic parameters, including age, parity, specimen depth, involvement of the resection margin, and LEEP histopathology, were not correlated with severe bleeding after LEEP.Conclusion: The use of TachoSil may not reduce the incidence of severe bleeding after LEEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectricity refers to the property of a dielectric material to undergo spontaneous polarization which originates from the crystalline phase. Hence, ferroelectric materials have a certain degree of surface roughness when they are formed as a thin film. A high degree of surface roughness may cause unintended phenomena when the ferroelectric material is used in electronic devices. Specifically, the quality of subsequently deposited film could be affected by the rough surface. The present study reports that the surface roughness of ferroelectric polymer film can be reduced by a double-spin-coating method of a solution, with control of the solubility of the solution. At an identical thickness of 350 nm, double-spin-coated ferroelectric film has a root-mean-square roughness of only 3 nm, while for single-spin-coated ferroelectric film this value is approximately 16 nm. A ferroelectric-gated field-effect transistor was fabricated using the proposed double-spin-coating method, showing a maximum saturation mobility as much as seven-fold than that of a transistor fabricated with single-spin-coated ferroelectric film. The enhanced saturation mobility could be explained by the Poole–Frenkel conduction mechanism. The proposed method to reduce the surface roughness of ferroelectric film would be useful for high performance organic electronic devices, including crystalline-phase dielectric film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously reported an ultraviolet (UV) optical sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) coated with an azobenzene polymer [18] (Kim et al., 2010). UV light strains the coating material, leading to a change in the grating period and a resulting shift in the central wavelength. However, the induced strain was very small, resulting in a small wavelength shift. Here, we improved the sensitivity of this UV sensor by reducing the grating diameter and adding a UV-transparent cylindrical focal lens. The UV-induced strain greatly increased with smaller diameters. UV sensitivity was inversely proportional to the grating diameter squared. The UV-induced wavelength shift variation for the sensor was also modified by etching the grating. The UV lens focused the rays onto the polymer-coated area to maximize UV absorption. In addition, the proposed sensor has a wide measurable wavelength range from 230 to 450 nm, depending on the UV absorption performance of the azobenzene polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ferroelectric material, polarization is defined as a volumetric density of dipole moments; therefore, macroscopically many different states of polarizations between positive remanent polarization and negative remanent polarization can be addressable. Simply by controlling the voltage range, multi-states of polarization could be possible. However, for reliable operation of such a multi-bit memory system, all individual states must be completely separated from other states such that only a certain portion of dipoles in a memory device needs to be switched at a certain state. Such a reliable operation would be achieved by spatially separating the switching area in which the individual thickness is different. In this work, it is demonstrated that reliable ferroelectric multi-bit memory could be realized by patterning and transferring ferroelectric polymer film. Also, for low-voltage operation, the highest thickness was designed as 150 nm, which enabled the multi-bit memory to operate within maximal 20 V. Furthermore, a timing diagram, retention and fatigue measurements showed that the fabricated multi-bit memory would be quite promising for emerging organic electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents fabrication process of an encapsulation layer for organic light-emitting diodes(OLED) and its optical performance. We have developed a novel encapsulation layer for organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) using poly(dimethysiloxane) (PDMS) including scattering particles. This encapsulation layer can be fabricated by the solution process. The OLED with the proposed encapsulation layer has an excellent optical performance. The external quantum efficiency(EQE) has been improved by 42%. We expect the proposed encapsulation layer will be used where EQE is a key factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how the fringing field affects the total current flow within a conducting polymer. In order to extract the fringing field component of bar pattern resistors, a solvent-assisted patterning method using subtractive photolithography was successfully established for the conducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene). By comparing the current quantities of unpatterned and patterned resistors, a conductance factor for the fringing field was calculated, proving to be almost constant regardless of the resistor length. It is therefore concluded that the length as well as the width of the conducting polymer film need to be suitably patterned for the precise operation of organic electronic devices. In this regard, the patterning method developed will be useful for the fabrication of micro-scale devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NeuroD is required for the survival of many subtypes of developing neurons in the vertebrate central nervous system. Because NeuroD-deficient neurons in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and inner ear die prematurely in the early stage of neurogenesis, the role of NeuroD during the later stages of neurogenesis of these cell subtypes is not well understood. In addition, the mechanism of NeuroDdeficient neuronal death has not been investigated. It was hypothesized that NeuroD-dependent neuronal death occurs through a Bax-dependent apoptotic pathway. Based on this hypothesis, this study attempted to rescue neuronal cell death by deleting the Bax gene in NeuroD null mice to investigate the role of NeuroD in surviving neurons. The NeuroD and Bax double null mice displayed a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells in the hippocampus and the cerebellum and the rescue of vestibulocochlear ganglion (VCG) neurons that failed to migrate and innervate. In addition, at E13.5, the NeuroDBax VCG neurons failed to express TrkB and TrkC, which are known to be essential for the survival of those neurons. These data suggest that neuronal death in NeuroD null mice is mediated by Bax-dependent apoptosis and that NeuroD is required for the migration of VCG neurons. Finally, these data show that TrkB and TrkC expression in E13.5 VCG neurons requires NeuroD and that TrkB and TrkC expression may be necessary for the normal migration and innervations of those neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new selective two-step method of anodization of porous anodic alumina (PAA) for thin-film encapsulation. It is based on the formation of a selectively anodized porous alumina membrane using only photoresist (PR) which offers lots of vertical nanopores as release holes for sacrificial layer etching. This method allows finer patterning in the selective PAA process and reduces the whole process time and cost. Furthermore, it does not leave isolated aluminum (Al) residue during the anodization process, and the deposited Al film is not conformal over the 3-dimensional structure. The key for this new selective anodization method is the technique to form the locally anodized PAA membrane with the masking material PR by two-step anodization. The nanopores in the PAA membrane allow the penetration of plasma gas or etchant into the cavity to release the sacrificial layer underneath. To seal the packaging, a thin-film is deposited over the selectively anodized PAA membrane in a vacuum ambient atmosphere with no detectable internal deposition of the sealing material. Hermetically sealed thin-film vacuum encapsulation using the proposed selective anodization method is demonstrated, and its hermeticity is also monitored through the measurement of the center deflection of the sealing layer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

BACKGROUND: Most patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have responded poorly to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The authors investigated the involvement of insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in primary resistance to EGFR TKIs and the molecular determinants of resistance to IGF-1R TKIs. METHODS: Phosphorylated IGF-1R/insulin receptor (pIGF-1R/IR) was immunohistochemically evaluated in an NSCLC tissue microarray. The authors analyzed the antitumor effects of an IGF-1R TKI (PQIP or OSI-906), either alone or in combination with a small-molecular inhibitor (PD98059 or U0126) or with siRNA targeting K-Ras or mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), in vitro and in vivo in NSCLC cells with variable histologic features and EGFR or K-Ras mutations. RESULTS: pIGF-1R/IR expression in NSCLC specimens was associated with a history of tobacco smoking, squamous cell carcinoma histology, mutant K-Ras, and wild-type (WT) EGFR, all of which have been strongly associated with poor response to EGFR TKIs. IGF-1R TKIs exhibited significant antitumor activity in NSCLC cells with WT EGFR and WT K-Ras but not in those with mutations in these genes. Introduction of mutant K-Ras attenuated the effects of IGF-1R TKIs on NSCLC cells expressing WT K-Ras. Conversely, inactivation of MEK restored sensitivity to IGF-TKIs in cells carrying mutant K-Ras. CONCLUSIONS: The mutation status of both EGFR and K-Ras could be a predictive marker of response to IGF-1R TKIs. Also, MEK antagonism can abrogate primary resistance of NSCLC cells to IGF-1R TKIs. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Cell fate determination and differentiation during neurogenesis and myogenesis involve the sequential expression of several basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The expression of NeuroD1/2 and the expression of NSCL(Nhlh)1/2 are closely related in many developing peripheral and central neuronal cells, suggesting an epistatic relationship between these two bHLH transcription factor families during neurogenesis. To investigate this relationship, a murine neuroblastoma cell culture system and single/double knock-out (KO) mice of NeuroD1 and NeuroD2 were utilized for the gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, respectively. Both NeuroD1 and NeuroD2 were able to induce the transcription of NSCL1 in vitro; however, they were not able to activate NSCL2 transcription. The DNA-binding ability of NeuroD1 was essential for NSCL1 induction. To examine the epistatic relationship in vivo, we examined the expression of NSCL1 and NSCL2 in NeuroD1 and NeuroD2 KO mice and NeuroD1/2 compound KO mice by in situ hybridization, RT-PCR and Northern blotting. The expression of NSCL1 was lower in the NeuroD1 KO mice and was not further decreased in the double KO mice. However, the expression of NSCL2 did not change in either the single KO or double KO mice. These results demonstrate that NeuroD1 is an upstream regulator of the NSCL1 gene but not the NSCL2 gene in mice. In addition, NeuroD2 is not involved in this regulatory pathway in vivo. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Polycrystalline copper sulfide (Cu2S) thin films were deposited by spray pyrolysis using aqueous solutions of copper nitrate and thiourea without any complexing agent at substrate (deposition) temperature of ∼200°C. The films were deposited onto glass and ITO-coated glass substrates. The deposited films were observed to be blackish brown in color, well adherent to the substrate, pin-hole free and uniform. The structural, surface morphological and optical properties of the films were carried out by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and optical absorbance measurement techniques. XRD analysis showed that deposited films are chemically close to chalcocite, Cu2S. The optical band gap was calculated to be 1.5eV. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The micrometer-scale patterning of ferroelectric polymer film of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) was performed using an ordinary photo-lithographic method with a commercialized photoresist, developer and photoresist stripper. To hinder the ferroelectric polymer film from dissolving at the photoresist stripper, the solubility of the photoresist stripper was controlled by dilution with an insoluble solvent, in this case water. In addition, patterning of the top electrode on the ferroelectric polymer film was completed by a lift-off process, which also used the diluted photoresist stripper. From the polarization–voltage relationships, no thermal and chemical degradation was found during the patterning and lift-off process. Another new process for the multilayer formation of ferroelectric polymer film was performed by a detach-and-transfer method with ferroelectric polymer film. From the polarization–voltage relationships, ferroelectricity was shown in detach-and-transferred ferroelectric polymer film. Therefore, it is concluded that the two conditions of photolithographic patterning and the multilayer formation of ferroelectric polymer film were established successfully and that these methods will be helpful for variable device fabrications and applications with ferroelectric polymer film. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Supplying ready mixed concrete (RMC) in both a timely and cost-effective manner has been a particular challenge for RMC suppliers. To address this issue, a dynamic simulation model is developed using system dynamics. This model represents the generic RMC operation process and can customize its structure and parameters for different operational conditions. Through model simulation, the RMC supply process is analyzed, focusing on the tradeoff between the truck mixer dispatching interval and queuing time on-site. The research findings indicate that the model-generated information helps in achieving an economical RMC supply by maintaining the number of queuing truck mixers at the desired level, while satisfying the contractor''s need. Ultimately, this dynamic model could potentially be used as an effective automated tool to assist RMC suppliers in supply planning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate prognostic factors of patients with metastases to the ovaries from non-genital organs. Study design: From September 1994 to December 2006, 158 patients with pathologically confirmed metastatic tumors to the ovaries at Samsung Medical Center (SMC) were included in this study. The data were obtained from the patients’ medical records and pathology reports. Results: The primary tumor origin was mostly stomach (73 cases) and colon (61 cases). Krukenberg tumor (pathologically proven signet ring cell carcinoma) was found in 34 cases: stomach (25), colon (2), appendix (1), and unknown (6). Residual disease after surgery was >2cm in 65 (41.1%) cases and <2cm in 93 (58.9%) cases. The overall 5-year survival was 7.2% and the median survival time was 15 months. The median survival times according to the primary tumor site showed significant differences (p =0.002) and were as follows: stomach 12 months, colon 17 months. The median survival in cases with residual disease <2cm vs. >2cm was 26 months vs. 15 months (p =0.017) and the median survival with vs. without adjuvant chemotherapy was 16 months vs. 10 months (p =0.001). However, age, bilateral tumors, chronology of diagnosis and mass size did not affect survival. Conclusion: Cytoreductive surgery and post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy had a beneficial effect on survival in selected patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new type of compressor, called an orbiting compressor, is introduced in this paper. The orbiting compressor is characterized by an orbiting piston, and the piston or orbiter consists of a circular base plate and a ring type vane protruding vertically from the base plate. The orbiter is made to orbit in an annular space formed between two concentric circular walls via an Oldham-ring mechanism, producing two sealed gas pockets on both sides of the vane wrap with a 180° phase difference. This operating mechanism leads to alternating compression and discharge processes, which results in low torque variation. The orbiting compressor has been designed for an R410A residential air conditioner with a cooling capacity of 10.0 kW. The performance of the orbiting compressor model has been analytically investigated, where the volumetric, adiabatic and mechanical efficiencies were calculated to be 94.8%, 90.4% and 93.4%, respectively for the ARI condition. The EER was estimated to be about 10.86 with a motor efficiency of 89%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective. To evaluate the long-term outcome and ovarian function in premenarchal and adolescent patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors after fertility-preserving surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Design. Retrospective review of medical records. Setting. Ajou University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in South Korea. Population. Forty-five patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Methods. A retrospective analysis of patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors was conducted and a statistical analysis was performed. Main outcome measures. There were 9 premenarchal and 16 adolescent patients; the median ages at diagnosis were 7 and 18 years, respectively. All patients were treated with fertility-preserving surgery. Seventeen of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (68.0%). There were no disease recurrences or deaths. Of the nine premenarchal patients, eight (88.9%) subsequently had normal menarche. Among the 16 adolescent patients, 15 (93.8%) resumed normal menstruation and 1 had premature ovarian failure. Conclusion. Premenarchal and adolescent patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors have excellent survival with fertility-preserving surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. The majority of these patients can have normal menarche and menstruation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to verify whether the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) criteria are valid in a different cohort of patients and to investigate simplified new criteria tailoring adjuvant radiation therapy in patients with intermediate-risk factors after radical hysterectomy. Study design: We analyzed the data of 332 patients with FIGO stage IB cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy between 1994 and 2007. Two hundred and twenty-five patients without high-risk factors (lymph node metastasis, parametrial invasion, or positive surgical margins) were identified and were classified into low-risk and high-risk groups according to the GOG criteria and new criteria based on combinations of intermediate-risk factors (large tumor size, deep stromal invasion, lymph-vascular space invasion). We evaluated the prognostic significance of both criteria. Results: We identified 140 low-risk patients and 85 high-risk patients in the application of the GOG criteria. Low-risk patients had significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) (P =0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P =0.013) than high-risk patients. There were 145 low-risk patients and 80 high-risk patients on applying the new criteria. Low-risk patients had significantly better DFS (P =0.001) and OS (P =0.013) than high-risk patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that both criteria had similar performance for predicting which patients would have help from adjuvant therapy. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the GOG criteria were still valid in the different population, the simplified new criteria were convenient to apply in practice, and the performance of the new criteria was as good as the GOGs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) genetic polymorphisms have been studied intensively in relation to thiopurine toxicity. In the present study, an improved pyrosequencing method was developed for TPMT genotyping and used to investigate the genotype frequency in Korean and Vietnamese populations. Methods: Four-hundred Korean and 159 Vietnamese subjects were genotyped by pyrosequencing for TPMT 238G>C, 460G>A, 539A>T, and 719A>G variants, in order to determine the TPMT⁎2, ⁎3A, ⁎3B, ⁎3C, and ⁎6 alleles. Results: TPMT⁎3C was found to be the most frequent allele in both the Korean (0.88%) and Vietnamese (2.83%) populations. TPMT⁎2, ⁎3A, and ⁎3B were not found in either of the study populations. Two Korean subjects were genotyped as TPMT⁎1/⁎6 (0.25%), while none of the Vietnamese had this genotype. The direct comparison of the frequencies of functional TPMT⁎1/⁎3C genotype showed significant difference between Korean and Vietnamese populations (χ 2 test, p =0.0124). Duplex pyrosequencing methods for the detection of TPMT⁎3C and TPMT⁎6 were developed and validated to show 100% concordance with the results obtained by direct sequencing. Conclusions: The functional TPMT alleles in Korean and Vietnamese populations are TPMT⁎3C and TPMT⁎6. Duplex pyrosequencing for these alleles appears to be an accurate, rapid, and cost-effective method for genotyping TPMT in these Asian populations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A lot of methods are developed for the deposition of TiO2 thin films; however, in each of these methods as-deposited films are amorphous and need further heat treatment at high temperature. In the present article, a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method was used for the preparation of TiO2 thin films. We investigated nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films using CBD at room temperature onto glass and ITO coated glass substrate. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. The chemically synthesized films were nanocrystalline and composed of crystal grains of 2–3nm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The transcription factors Ets-1 and AML1 (the αBl subunit of PEBP2/CBF) play critical roles in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, and cooperate in the trans-activation of the T cell receptor (TCR) β chain enhancer. The DNA binding capacity of both factors is blocked intramolecularly but can be activated by the removal of negative regulatory domains. These include the exon VII domain for Ets-1 and the negative regulatory domain for DNA binding (NRDB) for αB1. Here we report that the direct interaction between the two factors leads to a reciprocal stimulation of their DNA binding activity and activation of their transactivation function. Detailed mapping revealed two independent contact points involving the exon VII and NRDB regions as well as the two DNA binding domains. Using deletion variants and dominant interfering mutants, we demonstrate that the interaction between exon VII and NRDB is necessary and sufficient for cooperative DNA binding. The exon VII and NRDB motifs are highly conserved in evolution yet deleted in natural variants, suggesting that the mechanism described is of biological relevance. The mutual activation of DNA binding of Ets and AML1 through the intermolecular interaction of autoinhibitory domains may represent a novel principle for the regulation of transcription factor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Evaluation of textured omniphobic surfaces to control droplet wetting. • Microstructural arrays patterned on a polymer using UV nanoimprint lithography. • Comparison of micropillar, microcavity, and combined hierarchical structures. • Surface tension and viscosity affect contact angles on microstructured surfaces. • Microcavity structure prevents surface wetting with low-surface-tension liquids. Surface texturing is carried out to realize a robust liquid-repellent surface, that is, a surface with a high contact angle for various liquids. Surfaces with an array of micropillars, microcavities, or a hierarchical structure composed of micropillars and microcavities were fabricated, and their wetting behaviors were evaluated. The microstructural arrays were fabricated on a flexible polymer substrate using ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography and contact angles of liquids with different surface tensions were measured and compared. Furthermore, the long-term liquid repellency of the developed surfaces was evaluated by measuring static and dynamic contact angles. The results revealed that the microcavity structure is suitable for preventing the wetting of the surface with low-surface-tension liquids, such as hexane and silicone oil. Unlike the pillar array, the microcavity structure prevented the wetting of the surface with such liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of cold knife conization with electrocauterization and the feasibility of conservative management in patients with stage IA1 carcinoma of the cervix according to margin status after conization.Methods: Medical and histopathological records of 108 patients with stage IA1 cervical carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. Patients underwent cold knife conization with electrocauterization or conization followed by hysterectomy. Disease recurrence was defined as a histologic diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or higher grade lesion.Results: Forty patients underwent conization followed by hysterectomy; of 27 women with positive margins, 14 (35%) had a residual lesion. Sixty-eight patients underwent conization without further surgical intervention. Forty patients had a negative resection margin without recurrence, while 28 had a positive resection margin: positive exocervical (n=11), positive endocervical (n=17). Among these, there were 7 cases of recurrence: positive exocervical (n=1); positive endocervical (n=6).Conclusion: Cold knife conization with electrocauterization appears to be a safe treatment option for patients with stage IA1 cervical carcinoma if careful follow-up is guaranteed for patients with CIN 3 exocervical resection margins. However, patients with CIN 3 endocervical resection margins should be managed surgically with repeat conization or hysterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether continuous wound infiltration (CWI) can replace intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) and to investigate effective pain control strategies after a single-port access (SPA) laparoscopy for adnexal disease. Methods: A total of 470 patients (the CWI group [n = 109], the IV PCA group [n = 198], and the combined group [n = 163]) who underwent an SPA adnexal laparoscopy and who received CWI or IV PCA for postoperative pain management were retrospectively reviewed. The numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h (h) after surgery and the total amount of fentanyl administered via IV PCA were collected. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the total amount of rescue antiemetic drugs administered were also evaluated. Results: The mean NRS pain scores at 6 h (combined vs. PCA vs. CWI, 3.08 vs. 3.44 vs. 3.96, p < 0.001), 12 h (2.10 vs. 2.65 vs. 2.82, p < 0.001), and 24 h (1.71 vs. 2.01 vs. 2.12, p < 0.001) after surgery were significantly lower in the combined group. CWI showed a similar pain-reduction effect after surgery compared to IV PCA, except for the acute phase (within 6 h after surgery). The incidence of PONV during the entire hospitalization period was significantly lower in the CWI group compared to the groups using IV PCA (p < 0.05). The combined group had a significantly lower incidence of PONV and use of rescue antiemetics than the IV PCA group (p < 0.05). The combined group required significantly less total PCA fentanyl compared to the IV PCA group (combined vs. PCA, 622.1 μg vs. 703.1 μg, p < 0.001). Conclusions: CWI is an effective alternative to IV PCA and has fewer side effects. Combined use of CWI and IV PCA may be an ideal pain management strategy, offering a strong pain-reduction effect and only moderate side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis of bruxism is challenging because not all contractions of the masticatory muscles can be classified as bruxism. Conventional methods for sleep bruxism detection vary in effectiveness. Some provide objective data through EMG, ECG, or EEG; others, such as dental implants, are less accessible for daily practice. These methods have targeted the masseter as the key muscle for bruxism detection. However, it is important to consider that the temporalis muscle is also active during bruxism among masticatory muscles. Moreover, studies have predominantly examined sleep bruxism in the supine position, but other anatomical positions are also associated with sleep. In this research, we have collected EMG data to detect the maximum voluntary contraction of the temporalis and masseter muscles in three primary anatomical positions associated with sleep, i.e., supine and left and right lateral recumbent positions. A total of 10 time domain features were extracted, and six machine learning classifiers were compared, with random forest outperforming others. The models achieved better accuracies in the detection of sleep bruxism with the temporalis muscle. An accuracy of 93.33% was specifically found for the left lateral recumbent position among the specified anatomical positions. These results indicate a promising direction of machine learning in clinical applications, facilitating enhanced diagnosis and management of sleep bruxism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Phyllodes tumors (PTs) of the breast are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms, and factors associated with the recurrence of PTs are poorly understood. This study sought to identify clinicopathological factors associated with the recurrence of PTs. Method. From January 2009 to December 2019, we identified 100 patients who underwent definitive surgery for PT. Clinicopathological risk factors associated with the recurrence of PT were assessed. Results. The median age of the patients was 44 y (range, 19–62 y), and the median tumor size was 4 cm (0.8–30 cm). At a median follow-up of 26.7 mo (0–103 mo), 22 of the 100 patients experienced local recurrence. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2 (P = 0.042 in the univariate analysis; P = 0.039 in the multivariate analysis), tumor size ≥ 5 cm (P = 0.006 in the univariate analysis; P = 0.036 in the multivariate analysis), and the presence of stromal overgrowth (P = 0.032 in the univariate analysis; P = 0.040 in the multivariate analysis) were associated with an increased risk of local recurrence. Resection margins and grade were not associated with local recurrence. Conclusion. Normal- or underweight patients and those with larger tumor sizes were more prone to local recurrence. Further larger, multicenter studies with a long-term follow-up are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B Introduction: b Over 50% of patient with colorectal cancer will develop liver metastases. He underwent anterior resection, right portal vein ligation, multiple wedge resections and operative RFAs in left hemiliver. [Extracted from the article]

AU-rich elements in 5' untranslated region (UTR) are known to increase translation efficiency by recruiting S1 protein that facilitates the assembly of ribosomes. However, AU-rich elements also serve a binding site for Hfq protein, RNase E, etc. To investigate their roles in translation, mRNAs containing either an AU-rich element, originated from sodB 5'-UTR or a non-AU-rich element were constructed. The non-AU-rich elements were designed to retain the thermodynamics of the AUrich element-containing mRNAs to reduce structural effect on translation. The AU-rich element increased mRNA translation and knock-down of S1 protein decreased the translation of AU-rich element-containing mRNAs, confirming the essential role of S1 protein in translation. When their mRNA levels were measured in hfq-deleted cells, those containing a non-AU-rich element and a high AU-content N-terminal coding sequence decreased, representing an auxiliary role of Hfq in translation, specifically in mRNA protection. Interestingly, despite of decreased mRNA level in hfq-deleted cells, protein production was increased, implying the involvement of unknown factors in translation. Consequently, these results suggest that actively translating ribosomes recruited by S1 protein at an AU-rich element stabilize mRNAs from degradation. In the absence of S1 protein, Hfq protein protects mRNAs from degradation. Moreover, AU-rich elements can be used for improved protein production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are targeted therapies that accumulate DNA damage by interfering with DNA repair mechanisms and are approved for treating several cancers with BRCA1/2 mutations. In this study, we utilized CRISPR-dCas9 interference screening to identify genes regulating sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in breast cancer cell lines. Our findings indicated that the interferon (IFN) signaling gene IRF9 was critically involved in modulating sensitivity to these inhibitors. We revealed that the loss of IRF9 leads to increased resistance to the PARP inhibitor in MDA-MB-468 cells, and a similar desensitization was observed in another breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Further analysis indicated that while the basal expression of IRF9 did not correlate with the response to the PARP inhibitor olaparib, its transcriptional induction was significantly associated with increased sensitivity to the DNA-damaging agent cisplatin in the NCI-60 cell line panel. This finding suggests a mechanistic link between IRF9 induction and cellular responses to DNA damage. Additionally, data from the METABRIC patient tissue study revealed a complex network of IFN-responsive gene expressions postchemotherapy, with seven upregulated genes, including IRF9, and three downregulated genes. These findings underscore the intricate role of IFN signaling in the cellular response to chemotherapy. Collectively, our CRISPR screening data and subsequent bioinformatic analyses suggest that IRF9 is a novel biomarker for sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, such as olaparib and platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. Our findings for IRF9 not only enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of drug sensitivity, but also elucidate the role of IRF9 as a critical effector within IFN signaling pathways, potentially influencing the association between the host immune system and chemotherapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present the temperature-sensing responses of poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)], a ferroelectric material. This P(VDF-TrFE) was used to investigate its response within the temperature range of 30 to 60 °C. The impedance and capacitance responses were recorded for different temperature values using an LCR meter at variable frequencies, and the resulting measurements proved the high sensitivity of the proposed device. A comparative study was performed to find the best responsive P(VDF-TrFE) weight-percent solution for different temperature ranges. The sensor responded continuously and linearly with high sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though various metal powders are used as the main components of conductive pastes, silver is most widely used owing to its high conductivity and strong corrosion resistance. Hence, silver paste is required for the manufacturing of many items, such as large-area display panels and semiconductor chips. However, electrodes made of silver paste commonly have low surface energy levels, resulting in hydrophobicity. To strengthen the adhesive force between films when silver paste is used as a component in items consisting of many film layers, the silver paste must have high surface energy. In other words, it must show low contact angles in water-drop measurements. Despite the proposal and practicality of the plasma treatment method, this method can cause radical damage, and it is undesirable for batch processes. In this study, the surface energy of a silver paste electrode was changed by dipping it into a sulfuric acid solution. A simple but effective controllable method by which to manage the surface energy is demonstrated, which may be useful for the selective control of specific films on large-area substrates in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE) is chemically durable and can maintain its physical properties at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Moreover, it has ferroelectricity and is used as a thin film. For this reason, research is being actively conducted in various applications. However, the surface energy of the P(VDF-TrFE) film is so low that when an additional layer is formed on the film, peeling may occur due to the weak adhesive, preventing a stable process. In this study, the surface wettability and surface free energy changes by a UV-Ozone treatment of the surface of ferroelectric films under various conditions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the surgical outcomes between Reduced-Port Robotic Surgery (RPRS) using the Octo-Port system and conventional 2 port laparoscopy for myomectomy.Study Design: This is a prospective, non-randomized study, which compared and analyzed data from 41 patients who underwent RPRS myomectomy and 22 patients who underwent conventional 2 port laparoscopic myomectomy from April 2016 through July 2019. We compared the myoma enucleation time, suture time, myoma type, and the location of the largest myoma between the two groups.Results: The patients were not different between the two groups. The myoma enucleation time (26.7 ± 20.9 vs. 22.0 ± 13.7, p = 0.380), hemoglobin drop (2.38 ± 0.9 vs 2.1 ± 0.8, p = 0.280), weight of the myomas (205.3 ± 161.5 vs. 163.4 ± 89.1, p = 0.261), and estimated blood loss (181.1 ± 163.4 vs. 187.3 ± 77.5, p = 0.840) were not significantly different between the two groups. Notably, only the suture time (15.5 (10-21.5) vs. 20 (18-27), p = 0.005) was lesser in women who underwent RPRS myomectomy than in those who underwent conventional 2 port myomectomy.Conclusion: Our data suggest that RPRS myomectomy is comparable to conventional 2 port laparoscopic myomectomy in terms of safety and feasibility and may be more advantageous for suturing after myoma enucleation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of IoT devices has led to more electronic waste production, which harms the environment and human health. Self-powered sensor systems are a solution, but they often use toxic materials. We propose using biocompatible peanut skin as the active material for a self-powered humidity sensor (PSP-SPHS) through integration with a peanut-skin-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PSP-TENG). The PSP-TENG was characterized electrically and showed promising results, including an open circuit voltage (162 V), short circuit current (0.2 µA), and instantaneous power (2.2 mW) at a loading resistance of 20 MΩ. Peanut skin is a great choice for the sensor due to its porous surface, large surface area, eco-friendliness, and affordability. PSP-TENG was further used as a power source for the PSP-humidity sensor. PSP-SPHS worked as a humidity-dependent resistor, whose resistance decreased with increasing relative humidity (%RH), which further resulted in decreasing voltage across the humidity sensor. This proposed PSP-SPHS exhibited a good sensitivity (0.8 V/RH%), fast response/recovery time (4/10 s), along with excellent stability and repeatability, making it a potential candidate for self-powered humidity sensor technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an improved clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that aims to increase network lifetime and efficiency. We introduce an enhanced fuzzy spider monkey optimization technique and a hidden Markov model-based clustering algorithm for selecting cluster heads. Our approach considers factors such as network cluster head energy, cluster head density, and cluster head position. We also enhance the energy-efficient routing strategy for connecting cluster heads to the base station. Additionally, we introduce a polling control method to improve network performance while maintaining energy efficiency during steady transmission periods. Simulation results demonstrate a 1.2% improvement in network performance using our proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 63-year-old woman with a palpable mass at the right breast was treated with breast sparganosis. It also presents a case study of a 67-year-old woman with mastalgia of the left breast. A case study of 63-year-old woman presented with a palpable right breast lump is also presented. It mentions that sera tests from the three patients were conducted to detect levels of anti-sparganum IgG antibody by microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

In this study, we describe a method to fabricate a memory device using a ferroelectric-graphene hybrid film. When two ferroelectric-graphene hybrid films are stacked continuously, a ferroelectric 1 (F1) - graphene 1 (G1) -ferroelectric 2 (F2) - graphene 2 (G2) structure can be formed. Here, G1, F1, and G2 can be assigned as a gate electrode, a gate electrode, and a channel region, respectively. Therefore, when a ferroelectric-graphene hybrid film is stacked in a desired place on a substrate and used as electrode and gate insulators, a memory device can be fabricated easily. However, the physical connection between stacked graphene sheets might lead to the electrical path for leakage current. Therefore, a sidewall passivation process has been introduced to improve reliability issue that may occur during stacking. Through this, the leakage current path was blocked and the memory characteristics were observed repetitively. This demonstration is expected to be very economical because the device can be manufactured with only a small amount of graphene on a large area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing a combination of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thermoforming and 3D-printed cylindrical patterns, we carefully engineer a linear resistive temperature sensor. This intricate process involves initial PET thermoforming, yielding a hollow cylindrical chamber. This chamber is then precisely infused with a composite fluid of graphite and water glue. Ensuring electrical connectivity, both ends are affixed with metal wires and securely sealed using a hot gun. This cost-effective, versatile sensor adeptly gauges temperature shifts by assessing composite fluid resistance alterations. Its PET outer surface grants immunity to water and solubility concerns, enabling application in aquatic and aerial settings without extra encapsulation. Rigorous testing reveals the sensor's linearity and stability within a 10 °C to 60 °C range, whether submerged or airborne. Beyond 65 °C, plastic deformation arises. To mitigate hysteresis, a 58 °C operational limit is recommended. Examining fluidic composite width and length effects, we ascertain a 12 Ω/°C sensitivity for these linear sensors, a hallmark of their precision. Impressive response and recovery times of 4 and 8 s, respectively, highlight their efficiency. These findings endorse thermoforming's potential for fabricating advanced temperature sensors. This cost-effective approach's adaptability underscores its viability for diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]