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Background: Obesity has emerged as an epidemic and is known to be associated with multiple co-morbidities, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Body-mass index (BMI) has been traditionally used to assess obesity in an individual but abdominal obesity markers are being claimed to have a stronger association with adverse cardiovascular outcome as compared to BMI. However, there are only a few studies that have evaluated these indices in Asian Indians. Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to compare BMI and waist measurement based indices among hypertensive adults and their association with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The secondary objectives were to determine any gender-based differences among anthropometric indices and improved predictability on adding waistbased indices to BMI. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted to analyse association of anthropometric indices such as BMI, A body shape index (ABSI), Waist--hip ratio (WHR), Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), Lean body mass-to-weight ratio, and Waist circumference (WC), with risk of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Indian hypertensive adults. Results: In total, 400 participants were included and female subjects were noted to have higher prevalence of obesity in our study population. Only 33.25% patients had BMI in recommended range and the numbers were even lower for WHtR and WHR. BMI and ABSI were found to have a weak association with development of co-morbidities while measures of abdominal obesity such as WHR, WC, and WHtR were found to have consistently strong association with CVA and CAD with high sensitivity and negative predictive values. Conclusion: More accurate markers of abdominal obesity can help in better assessment of cardiovascular risk among high-risk population to improve the overall outcome. Easy to use, outpatient-based markers such as WC, WHR, and WHtR appear to be better than BMI in risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A distinctive kind of theoretical and analytical discourse on ritual sacrifice evolved within the Indian and Jewish traditions, in Mīmāṃsā and in Talmudic literatures, respectively, introducing special modes of analyzing ritual sacrifice, and elaborate methods of conceptualizing the relations between text and practice. Despite the significant role that comparative studies of Vedic/Brahmanical and biblical/Jewish sacrifice played in the development of the modern study of religion, a detailed comparative study of these emic "sciences of sacrifice" has not yet been carried out. This study examines two pericopes addressing a similar dilemma—the treatment of ritual byproducts—from the Jaimini-Mīmāṃsā-Sūtra and from the Babylonian Talmud, each discussed within its commentarial tradition. The texts reveal a significant degree of convergence (major differences notwithstanding) in terms of dialectic discourse, terminology, thought-structures, hermeneutic assumptions, and more. Factors that may have contributed to this convergence are discussed, as are the broader implications of this comparative experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore how immigrant women and men from India construct mental health and mental illness in the perinatal period. Design: Qualitative interpretive design. Methods: Data were collected by conducting in‐depth interviews with 19 participants. Photo elicitation, free listing and pile sorting were used during the interviews. Purposive sampling was used, and data were collected in 2018 and 2019. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Finding/Results: One major theme and three subthemes were identified. 'We do not talk about it' was the major theme and the subthemes: (1) 'living peacefully and feeling happy' described the views on mental health; (2) 'that's the elephant in the room still' captures how participants felt when talking about mental illness; and (3) 'why don't we talk about it' offers reasons why the Indian community does not talk about mental health and illness. Conclusion: The findings of this study have highlighted the importance of understanding the impact of immigration and being culturally sensitive when assessing mental health in the perinatal period. Impact: The findings of this study identify some of the reasons for non‐disclosure of mental health issues by immigrants. Incorporating these findings during psychosocial assessment by health professionals in the perinatal period will help translate the cultural aspects into more effective communication. Patient or Public Contribution: Patient and public contribution to the study was provided by the Community Stakeholders Group; these were members of the immigrant community from India who had expertise in mental health. They contributed to the study design and the key terms and phrases for the free list used in interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Radiography is the most often accessible and affordable imaging modality. Accurate assessments of wrist X-rays can aid in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of various wrist problems. This study aims to identify normal radiographic anthropometry reference values and variations of carpal bones and joints by gender and age in sample Indian population, with the potential to be clinically applicable. Materials and Methods Two investigators conducted a prospective analysis of normal wrist radiographs in a single center. Radiology Information Systems and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems were used to collect standard digitized normal X-rays without significant osseous pathology over a year. We conducted measurements of length, angles, and indices in a standard posteroanterior and lateral wrist X-rays in order to establish the standard dimensions and variances based on age and gender. Results A total of 18 measurements which included eight linear measurements, eight angles, and two ratios were documented. A total of 500 X-rays of 250 males and 250 females with 125 of each in two age groups of 20 and 40 years and 41 and 60 years were evaluated. Conclusion This work is a comprehensive database of the Indian population measuring parameters in normal wrist radiographs of posteroanterior and lateral views. The results of our study indicate that men and younger individuals had a significantly higher carpal height ratio. The width of distal radial ulnar joint space was significantly lesser in older subjects. Additionally, males showed a significantly higher lunate uncovered ratio and radial height. When compared to the literature, the study revealed a significant positive ulnar variance in elderly people and women. However, we noted an overall increase in the percentage of positive ulnar variance individuals in our study. We also recorded a marginal increase in radial inclination with no variations across gender and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Wrist parameters measured on direct radiography are essential in diagnosing scaphoid-related pathologies and treatment. Although computed tomography has been used to establish normative for scaphoid measurement, no research has focused on Indian norms. This study aimed to determine the distribution and normal limits of parameters measured in our population's posteroanterior (PA) and direct lateral radiographs of the wrist. Materials and Methods Two investigators conducted a prospective analysis of normal wrist radiographs in a single center. Radiology information system-picture archiving and communication system was used to collect standard digitized normal X-rays without significant osseous pathology over a year. The sample size was 600, distributed among age groups 18 to 30, 31 to 50, and 51 years and above. Scaphoid length, scaphoid width, scapholunate ratio, and scapholunate distance using both Cautilli and Gilula techniques were measured on a PA view, and scapholunate, radioscaphoid, and intrascaphoid angles were measured on a lateral view. As the lunate morphology is supposed to affect carpal kinematics with the scaphoid, the same was evaluated using the Viegas classification. Results A total of eight measurements were documented. Scaphoid length, scaphoid width measurements, and lateral intrascaphoid angle were more in males than in females and were found to be statistically significant. No other parameters showed any significance in terms of age and relation to lunate morphology. Conclusion The study offers a comprehensive analysis of measuring parameters specific to the Indian population. For the first time, the measurement of scapholunate distance was conducted utilizing two distinct methodologies. The normative intrascaphoid angle range and clinical implications were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the use of ethnicity as a strategic tool in the politicization of the Mexican diaspora in the United States of America in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Referring to the example of the 1969 founding manifesto entitled "The Spiritual Plan of Aztlán" (El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán), it pays attention to the ways in which a section of the Mexican diaspora in the United States -- Chicanos -- came to identify themselves with the indigenous peoples of the United States and Mexico in the construction of their new collective identity. The text further examines the symbols of the Aztlán and the Bronze Race, the meanings attributed to them, and the question of authorship. In doing so, it draws on the interpretive frameworks of S. Hall, B. Anderson, R. Barthes and M. Castells. It concludes that the manifesto represents a highly selective, strategic narrative which mirrors both the Chicano movement's claims for recognition in the US and the ways the Mexican diaspora interpreted its past to serve its current and future goals between the 1960s and early 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is an introduction to a series of seven studies and essays dealing with the use of the term indián/Indián (Indian) in the Czech language as well as in the Anglo-Saxon and Latin American contexts. The editorial first briefly introduces the main problems of the use of the term indián/Indián and related terms both in the domestic and in the Anglo-Saxon and Latin American contexts. It then presents the problems of the grammatical use of the word indián/Indián in the Czech language. It also sums up the discussion related to the use of the term indio in the Anglo-Saxon and Ibero-American environment. Furthermore, it discusses the meaning and genesis of the term indio in the Spanish language and the environment of the former Spanish overseas colonies. The issue of the use of the term indio/indígena in contemporary discourse, academic in particular, is also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Glenoid version refers to the angle subtended by the glenoid with the scapula. On average, it is 0 ± 10 degrees with a slight propensity toward retroversion. Numerous factors such the dominance(handedness), gender, ethnicity, and pathology are known to affect version. Version has important consequences on the biomechanics of the shoulder joint and is altered in those with arthritis and shoulder joint instability. Aim Our study aimed to determine the normal range of glenoid version in the population. Further, we aim to assess the relationship between gender and version. Settings and Design We conducted a retrospective observational study in a tertiary referral hospital with a target sample size of 200 shoulders. Methods and Materials The computed tomography images were retrospectively reviewed to determine the scapular shape and the glenoid version angle. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v.22 software with p -value less than 0.05 considered as significant. Results The mean age of the individuals in our study was 44 years. In our study, irrespective of gender, most individuals had some degree of anteversion and males had lower degree of anteversion. Previous studies have shown that most normal individuals usually have retroverted shoulder joints. The mean glenoid version was significantly lower in the right than in the left shoulder and males had significantly lower mean glenoid version than females in both shoulders. Most individuals in our study had a flat scapular spine. Conclusion This study shows that the Indian population may have a slight propensity toward anteversion and this has an important bearing on shoulder arthroplasty. Further, this study shows that significantly lower degrees of version are found on the right side and that the degree of version is significantly lower in males. Understanding the role of glenoid version in shoulder biomechanics will go a long way in the early identification of pathology, the preoperative planning of shoulder arthroplasty, and the operative restoration of a functional shoulder joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wellbeing of international students is an extensively explored topic in international education discourses. A plethora of research has been devoted to general wellbeing of international students. Nevertheless, little is known about international students' spiritual wellbeing which can be pivotal to their adaptation to the new environment. In the context of New Zealand higher education, utilizing an intrinsic single case study design, this study examined spiritual wellbeing experienced by Indian international students. Phenomenographic interviews were conducted with 13 Indian students who were studying management courses at postgraduate level in an institute of technology in a North Island city of New Zealand. Data analysis generated three dimensions (spiritual cognition, spiritual practice, spiritual efficacy) of spiritual wellbeing which were influenced by four strategies of adaptation (connection, isolation, accommodation, integration). This study provided new insights into the experiences of international students which may influence international education in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the clinical profile and frequency of associated autoantibodies in all consecutive patients classified as systemic sclerosis (SSc) at Medanta—the Medicity Hospital, Gurgaon, India. Methods: Between August 2017 and July 2019, we identified a total of 119 consecutive patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) 2013 criteria for SSc and 106 patients consented to this study. Their clinical and serological data at the time of enrolment were analysed. Results: Our cohort had a mean age at symptom onset of 40 ± 13 years with a median symptom duration of 6 years. We had 76 patients (71.7%) with interstitial lung disease (ILD), which was a higher proportion compared to European cohorts. 62 pa- tients (58.5%) had diffuse cutaneous involvement which was significantly associated with anti-Scl70 antibodies (p < 0.001), digital ulcers (p = 0.039) and the presence of ILD (p = 0.004). 65 patients (61.3%) had anti-Scl70 and 15 patients (14.2%) had anti-centromere (anti-CENP) antibodies. Scl70 positivity was associated with the presence of ILD (p < 0.001) and digital ulcers (p = 0.01). Centromere antibodies had a negative association with ILD (p < 0.001), but was a risk factor for calcinosis (p < 0.001) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (p = 0.01). The combination of diffuse cutaneous disease and Scl70 antibodies was the strongest predictor of ILD and digital ulcers (p = 0.015). sm/RMP, RNP68 and Ku antibodies correlated with musculoskeletal involvement (p < 0.01), while all seven of the patients with Pm/Scl antibodies had ILD. Renal involve- ment was noted in only two patients. Limitations: A single-centre study may not capture the true prevalence of disease characteristics in the population. Referral bias for patients with diffuse cutaneous disease has been noted. Data on RNA-Polymerase antibodies have not been provided. Conclusion: North Indian patients have some characteristic differences in disease phenotype as compared to their Caucasian counterparts with a larger proportion of patients presenting with ILD and Scl70 antibodies. Antibodies against Ku, RNP and Pm/Scl occur in a minority of patients, but may be associated with musculoskeletal features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blackness in Malaysia is associated with Semang or "Negritos" and Indians, ranked groups based on a mix of biological and cultural attributes in colonial and postcolonial racial worldviews. They inhabited separate but lower rungs of "civilized" and "aboriginal" slots in colonial Malaya and are treated as second-class citizens in postcolonial Malaysia. Ethnographic accounts demonstrate their experiences of prejudice and discrimination in contemporary Malaysia. Kensiu Semang and Tamil Indian racial projects for improving their conditions interact with other racial projects serving different interests. The social and cultural configuration shapes their positive self-identities that are not rooted in Blackness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated self-harming behaviours among UK-based women of Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani origin (UKBIP). Through purposive sampling, eight participants who had engaged in self-harm, specifically through cutting, were selected for semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data gathered from these interviews underwent analysis using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), which involved analysis at individual and group levels. Consequently, three super-ordinate themes and nine sub-ordinate themes emerged. The themes were 'Powerlessness' ('Entrapment', 'Internalised Negativity' and 'Abused by my Environment'), 'Mitigation' ('Releasing my Overwhelming Emotions', 'Connecting to my Pain' and 'Addicted to Self-harm') and 'Self-harm is Wrong' ('It must be Hidden', 'What have I done to Myself?', and 'My Self-harm is Sinful'). This paper focuses specifically on the 'Powerless' theme, exploring its relevance to self-harming behaviours in UKBIP women. The analyses provided novel insights into the impact and significance of the South-Asian cultural values and beliefs on the relevance to self-harming experiences in UKBIP women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies carried out on self-harm in the UK have consistently reported a higher level of self-harm among women with South Asian heritage resident in the UK when age-compared with other British women. The reasons for this variation are many including but not limited exclusively to family environment and gender role expectations. These studies have also shown that these women are also least likely to seek psychological support from mental health professionals again with a number of explanations including stigma against help-seeking, notions of shame and other culture-specific factors. However, previous studies have clustered this large group together based on geographical heritage, regardless of the differences between religious and heritage groups and have reported on all types of self-harming behaviours as similar and predominantly carried out quantitative studies which while providing important statistical data have not always looked at the meaning of this experience for the participants. This paper presents a review of the relevant literature within the area of self-harm among Bangladeshi, Indian, and Pakistani women living in the UK. It is noteworthy that many studies discussed are dated, this appears to reflect an apparent lack of recent interest in the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the experience of self-harming behaviour that inflicts external injuries to the body in UK based Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi (UKBIP) women. A total of eight participants were recruited via purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were carried out. The interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Analyses were carried out on an individual and group level and three super-ordinate themes, and nine sub-ordinate themes emerged. The superordinate themes were: 'Powerlessness' ('Entrapment', 'Internalised Negativity' and 'Abused by my Environment'), 'Mitigation' ('Releasing my Overwhelming Emotions', 'Connecting to my Pain' and 'Addicted to Self-harm') and 'Self-harm is Wrong' ('It must be Hidden', 'What have I done to myself?' & 'My Self-harm is Sinful'). The analyses revealed novel insights on the impact and importance of some South-Asian cultural values and beliefs on the experience of self-harm in South-Asian women. This paper will focus on the third superordinate theme and related sub themes, that of 'Self-harm is Wrong'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined whether Indigenous peoples could achieve the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (CPAG) for adults while engaging in the cultural practice of hunting. It was hypothesized that Indigenous hunters would achieve or surpass the physical activity (PA) thresholds set forth by the CPAG on days spent hunting. Step count and heart rate were recorded from six male participants during mule deer hunts and days spent on-reserve. Step count was not statistically different between days spent hunting (28 803 ± 10 657 steps) and on-reserve (15 086 ± 7536 steps) (p = 0.10). Time spent in light (257 ± 45 min; p = 0.04), moderate (118 ± 71 min; p = 0.03), and vigorous (45 ± 42 min; p = 0.04) activities while hunting was greater than on-reserve (light, 180 ± 86; moderate, 71 ± 73; vigorous, 7 ± 10 min). The duration of moderate-to-vigorous PA (119 ± 95 min) for an average day hunting nearly meets the weekly CPAG recommendation of 150 min per week and is 1.8× greater than on-reserve (67 ± 80 min). Data suggest that hunting is probably a viable mode of PA for Indigenous adults to achieve health benefits. A strength of this study is the 10 h of daily recording which includes vehicular transportation to remote hunting areas. The duration of very light/sedentary PA did not differ between hunting (233 ± 211 min) and on-reserve (327 ± 164 min; p = 0.10), and highlights the importance of modernized vehicles in traditional Indigenous activities. A larger sample size would facilitate greater exploration of transportation, as well as success of the hunt on PA. These data suggest that health researchers and clinicians should consider traditional activities such as hunting as a means for Indigenous adults to increase participation in sufficiently vigorous PA to incur health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite extensive scholarly and policy attention to the phenomenon of racially disparate school discipline, its negative effect on academic achievement, and its relationship to later criminal system involvement and incarceration, little has been written about the experiences of Native youth. This article seeks to bring attention to Native youth in the scholarly conversation about school discipline disparities. It summarizes extant research and data showing that Native youth disproportionately experience exclusionary discipline. It identifies barriers that may contribute to the lack of in-depth research on Native youth. Finally, it describes theoretical insights gleaned from the small subset of school discipline research focused on Native youth that can enrich future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on vitamin D status in Indian children has been confined to studies conducted on small samples from certain regions and using non-standard techniques to quantify 25(OH)D3. Vitamin D insufficiency was observed in this multicenter research that used a standardized technique to evaluate 25(OH)D3 concentrations from dried blood spots (DBS) in children and adolescents from 5 to 18 years old in India. This school-based cross-sectional observational research used a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. We picked a city and its surrounding hamlet from six states in India, which span a lot of ground. Data was gathered on demographics, anthropometry, body composition, food intakes, and DBS samples. Liquid chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometry was used to evaluate 25(OH)D3 in DBS. A total of 2450 youngsters had their vitamin D level checked, with a subset (n = 672) having extra data obtained for the purpose of evaluating predictors. In the study, 36.8% of participants had adequate vitamin-D levels (> 50 nmol/L), with greater concentrations seen in rural respondents and boys (p < 0.05). The mean vitamin-D concentration was 45.8 ± 23.9 nmol/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recent evidence reveals that type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) impairs muscle function (MF) in adolescents. However, despite its importance in physical well-being, data on dynamic MF in Indian children and adolescents (C and Y) with T1DM are scarce. We assessed MF using Jumping Mechanography (JM, a measurement method for motion analysis and assessment of muscle power and force). (1) To assess dynamic MF by JM in C and Y with T1DM as compared to healthy controls (2) To determine predictors of MF in children with T1DM. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study on 266 children (133 - T1DM duration >1 year with no known comorbidities + 133 age and gender-matched healthy controls) aged 6-19 years. Anthropometry, body composition, and MF (maximum relative power Pmax/mass, maximum relative force Fmax/BW by JM) were recorded. The lean mass index (LMI) was calculated as lean mass (kg)/height (m2). HbA1c was assessed in T1DM. Independent sample t-test and linear regression were performed. Results: MF parameters (Pmax/mass 33.5 ± 7.2 vs 38.0 ± 8.6 W/kg and Fmax/BW 10.5 ± 2.9 vs 11.4 ± 4.1 N/kg, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in T1DM group vs controls. Positive association of body mass index and LMI with both MF parameters and negative association of insulin requirement and HbA1c with Fmax was observed in T1DM. Predictors of MF identified were MMI (Pmax/mass:β = 1.6,95%CI = 0.6-2.6; Fmax/BW:β =2.0,95%CI = 1.6-2.4) and HbA1c (Pmax/mass:β = -2.1,95%CI = -4.5--0.5; Fmax/BW:β = -1.1,95%CI = -2.0--0.2) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: C and Y with T1DM exhibits compromised muscle function. Poor glycaemic control increases the risk of having decreased MF, irrespective of diabetes duration and may contribute to sarcopenia in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The etiology of periodontitis is multifactorial, involving interactions between bacterial pathogens, host immune response, and environmental factors. Among the host immune factors, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Many studies have aimed to find the association between IL-1α and periodontitis in various populations worldwide. However, the evidence in the Indian population is limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyse data from the literature related to the genetic correlation between IL-1α polymorphisms and periodontitis among Indians. Method: Only case-control and cross-sectional studies investigating the association between IL-1α polymorphisms (+4,845 and –889) and various forms of periodontitis in the Indian population were included. PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane based reviews, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used for the search. Results: The findings demonstrate a mixed pattern of associations between these polymorphisms and periodontitis across different regions of India. Conclusion: The correlation of periodontitis with IL-1α polymorphism in Indians lacks evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While previous studies have suggested close association of psychological variables of students withtheir higher-order cognitive abilities, such studies have largely been lacking for third world countries like India, with their unique socio-economic-cultural set of challenges. We aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological variables (depression, anxiety and stress) and cognitive functions among Indian students, and to predict cognitive performance as a function of these variables.Patients and Methods: Four hundred and thirteen university students were systematically selected using purposive sampling. Widely used and validated offline questionnaires were used to assess their psychological and cognitive statuses. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine the associations between these variables. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was applied to predict cognitive levels based on the scores of psychological variables.Results: Correlational analyses revealed negative correlations between emotional distress and cognitive functioning. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reduced the dimensionality of the input data, effectively capturing the variance with fewer features. The feature weight analysis indicated a balanced contribution of each mental health symptom, with particular emphasis on one of the symptoms. The ANN model demonstrated moderate predictive performance, explaining a portion of the variance in cognitive levels based on the psychological variables.Conclusion: The study confirms significant associations between emotional statuses of university students with their cognitive abilities. Specifically, we provide evidence for the first time that in Indian students, self-reported higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are linked to lower performance in cognitive tests. The application of PCA and feature weight analysis provided deeper insights into the structure of the predictive model. Notably, use of the ANN model provided insights into predicting these cognitive domains as a function of the emotional attributes. Our results emphasize the importance of addressing mental health concerns and implementing interventions for the enhancement of cognitive functions in university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of anthropometric measurements of the nose makes possible a qualitative and quantitative analysis of surgical results. Analysis of pre- and post-operative changes in nasal tip projection, rotation and nasofrontal angle may also emphasize the fact of over correction or under correction of deformed nose to surgeon. Aim of our study to compare preoperative and postoperative nasal tip projection, rotation and nasofrontal angle after rhinoplasty. The present study was a 1.5 years prospective interventional study conducted at SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India from January 2021 to July 2022. Total 51 patients with external nasal deformity were included in our study. Pre-operative, immediate post-operative and 6 months follow-up nasofrontal, projection and nasolabial angle were recorded, compared and analyzed objectively. In our study significant improvements were observed in the nasolabial angle from 92.9 ± 16.4 to 101.6 ± 10.4 and 110.3 ± 9.8 and nasal tip projection from 0.74 ± 0.17 to 0.58 ± 0.11 and 0.52 ± 0.09 immediate post-op and at 6-months follow up respectively. Mean Nasofrontal angle at pre-op, intra-op and post-op 6 months was 132.5 ± 11.9, 135.4 ± 9.6 and 134.8 ± 9.4 and this difference was not found to be statistically significant. We would like to conclude that Indian noses which are predominantly small and shorter, our surgical procedure aimed at making them more prominent aesthetically on the face, so in the present study results were satisfactory in term of anthropometric parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the acculturative stress experienced by second generation Indian and Pakistani young adults in the United Kingdom, who use online dating services—a practice common in Western cultures but unapproved in traditional South Asian cultures. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with six participants who were recruited through purposive sampling. Interview transcripts were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings indicate that while it is exposure to Western culture that influences participants to engage in online dating, it is their native cultural values that affect most of their online dating attitudes and behaviors such as preference for ethnically congruent partners, avoidance of casual sexual encounters, and expectations of slow‐paced and long‐term relationships. These findings are discussed as strategies used by participants to integrate different cultural orientations and manage their acculturative stress, based on Berry's (2003) Acculturation Model. This study contributes toward expanding literature in the field of cultural psychology and romantic relationships, by adding to an understanding of the pressures and challenges experienced by those navigating differing and often opposing sets of social and cultural norms, in the context of modern online dating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐B*13:01:01:12 differs from HLA‐B*13:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This pilot study aimed to validate and assess the feasibility and advantages of Mindfulness-Based Strengths Practice (MBSP) among undergraduate students in India. Twenty-five undergraduate students from Tamil Nadu, South India, participated in an eight-week MBSP program. The study adopted a one-group pre-and post-test design to measure variables such as life satisfaction, psychological distress, and PERMA well-being. Data analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) across all outcome measures except for the health factor. Furthermore, substantial effect sizes were observed, with Cohen's d values ranging from 1.08 to 2.82. These findings indicate that the MBSP intervention led to increased life satisfaction and PERMA well-being while reducing psychological distress, loneliness, and negative emotions among participants. To ensure the cultural relevance of MBSP in the Indian context, a process of cultural validation was conducted by experts and study participants, further supporting its suitability. In conclusion, this study offers preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of implementing MBSP in the Indian context and suggests the need for future controlled design studies to investigate its effectiveness more comprehensively. Moreover, these results underscore the potential of MBSP as a positive psychological and mindfulness-based intervention to be explored in various Indian settings, including education, the workplace, coaching, and clinical environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Race and ancestry influence the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: Explore clinical characteristics of MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in Asian American patients. Methods: Chart review was performed for 282 adults with demyelinating disease who self-identified as Asian at a single North American MS center. Demographics and clinical characteristics were compared to non-Asian MS patients and by region of Asian ancestry. Results: Region of ancestry was known for 181 patients. Most (94.7%) preferred English, but fewer East Asian patients did (80%, p = 0.0001). South Asian patients had higher neighborhood household income (p = 0.002). Diagnoses included MS (76.2%) and NMOSD (13.8%). More patients with NMOSD than MS were East and Southeast Asian (p = 0.004). For MS patients, optic nerve and spinal cord involvement were similar across regions of ancestry. Asian MS patients were younger at symptom onset and diagnosis than non-Asian MS patients. MS Severity Scale scores were similar to non-Asian MS patients but worse among Southeast Asians (p = 0.006). Conclusions: MS severity was similar between Asian American patients and non-Asian patients. Region of ancestry was associated with differences in sociodemographics and MS severity. Further research is needed to uncover genetic, socioeconomic, or environmental factors causing these differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reexamines the colonial representation of Indians in Rudyard Kipling's "The Story of Muhammad Din" through a postcolonial resistant translation from English to Arabic. Set in India, Kipling's short story depicts the buried Anglo-Indian conflict between the world perspectives of an adult Englishman and an Indian child. To this Indian child, Muhammad Din, existence is situated at the crossroads of an intense personal and national struggle for power, freedom, and independence. The dominant presence of the colonial law, which is embodied in the English doctor's presumed authority and strict medical discourse in Kipling's narrative, fashions a negative and inferior representation of Muhammad Din and his father Imam. Moreover, the impersonal style of narration, which is noted in the final scene of Muhammad's death, enhances a colonial desire of the English to accentuate a rigorous sense of Englishness and national superiority that cannot be compromised. By offering a postcolonial translation of Kipling's story in Arabic, however, Arab readers re-conceptualize or re-imagine othered Indians – here Muhammad Din – as central post-colonial agents who also function as vital sources of artistic or creative power that is necessary to deflate colonial authoritative agency in Kipling's colonial text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐B*49:01:01:22 differs from HLA‐B*49:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide C‐>G change in intron 5 at gDNA 2451. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two Scribner's-excised passages from the manuscript of the posthumously published "The Last Good Country" reinforce the importance of the Indian girl Trudy in Hemingway's fiction and of Prudence Boulton in his life. Both passages underline Nick's depth of feeling for Trudy and the pain of her loss--a metaphor for the fate of Indians, who "all ended the same way. Long time ago good. Now no good." But the theme of Indian extinction is itself a metaphor for the power, prominence, and even prevalence of loss in Hemingway's fiction. Excepting the positive portrayals of Nick Adams and Jake Barnes, Hemingway's earliest protagonists, loss dominates--in at least half the In Our Time stories, in the bitter conclusion of A Farewell to Arms, and in the four new tales of defeat and death that open The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories. Hemingway agrees with Jig that "once they take it away, you never get it back". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This piece considers the use of the terms Indigenous, American Indian, Native American , and Indian in historical writing. Placing each of these labels in historical context, Bauer and Ellis trace the evolution of language used to talk about Native Americans and offer context and critiques of diverse usages. By tracking between the past and present, the authors also consider contemporary terminology usage among Native communities, and demonstrate generational shifts among their own communities. Bauer and Ellis argue in favor of using the specific names of tribal nations whenever possible and demonstrate that generalizing terms, like Indigenous and Native American primarily serve to describe Native peoples through their relations to colonization rather than on their own terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contributors to the Forum "What's in a Name?" draw our attention to grammars of power. Words labeling race, ethnicity, gender, and ability assume distinct valences in the guise of pronouns, adjectives, and nouns, plurals and singulars, active and passive constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is a sequelae of antipsychotic medication in people of Indian descent with schizophrenia. The Indian socio-cultural context amplifies challenges of managing chronic illness. The aim of this study was to explore Indian mental health service users’ perspectives of managing comorbid psychosis and diabetes mellitus, specifically culture-related difficulties.In this exploratory study, people with an Indian cultural background recruited from community mental health clinics were interviewed by an Indian psychiatrist using a semi-structured questionnaire. Interviews were professionally transcribed. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop central organising concepts and identify themes.Four themes were identified: culture-specific views on comorbidity, preferences for tailoring education to Indian language and culture, changes in interpersonal relationships within extended family and relationships with healthcare professionals. Advice from hospital services was not specific to Indian culture and there were wider impacts of illness for wider family.Indian New Zealanders have challenges in managing dual mental and physical illnesses. Further research is needed to develop approaches to care that emphasise service users’ culture as core to understanding illness and treatment. This includes consideration of gender roles, families, communities, food, language, lifestyle and barriers to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A cost-effectiveness analysis of FRAX® intervention thresholds (ITs) in Indian women over 50 years indicated that generic alendronate was cost-effective for age-dependent major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ITs and hip fracture (HF) ITs starting at ages 60 and 65 years for full and real-world adherence, respectively. Alendronate was cost-effective at fixed MOF IT of 14% and HF IT of 3.5%, regardless of age.Osteoporosis represents a significant public health challenge in India, with an increasing economic burden due to the aging population. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®)–based intervention thresholds (ITs) for managing osteoporosis with generic alendronate in Indian women.A Markov microsimulation model, adapted to the Indian healthcare context, was used to simulate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with different treatment strategies. The one-time gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (estimated at INR 1,97,468/QALY gained) was used as the cost-effectiveness threshold.The model revealed that generic alendronate is cost-effective for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ITs beginning at age 60 years with full adherence—incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of INR 102,151 per QALY gained, and age 65 with real-world adherence—ICER of INR 28,203 per QALY gained (conversion rate used is 1 US dollar (USD) = INR 83.97 and 1 EURO = INR 92.70). Hip fracture (HF) ITs showed similar cost-effectiveness at ages 60 (ICER of INR 67,144) and was the dominant strategy (i.e., more QALYs for lower costs) at ≥ 65 years. Fixed ITs of 14% for MOF and 3.5% for HF proved cost-effective across all age groups (dominant strategy for ages ≥ 65 years). Limitations of our study include the reliance on fracture incidence data from Singaporean Indians and variability in fracture prevalence across India.The results support the integration of FRAX®-based fixed ITs from the age of 50 years and age-based ones from the age of 65 years in India to optimize resource allocation and improve osteoporosis management.Purpose: A cost-effectiveness analysis of FRAX® intervention thresholds (ITs) in Indian women over 50 years indicated that generic alendronate was cost-effective for age-dependent major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ITs and hip fracture (HF) ITs starting at ages 60 and 65 years for full and real-world adherence, respectively. Alendronate was cost-effective at fixed MOF IT of 14% and HF IT of 3.5%, regardless of age.Osteoporosis represents a significant public health challenge in India, with an increasing economic burden due to the aging population. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®)–based intervention thresholds (ITs) for managing osteoporosis with generic alendronate in Indian women.A Markov microsimulation model, adapted to the Indian healthcare context, was used to simulate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with different treatment strategies. The one-time gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (estimated at INR 1,97,468/QALY gained) was used as the cost-effectiveness threshold.The model revealed that generic alendronate is cost-effective for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ITs beginning at age 60 years with full adherence—incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of INR 102,151 per QALY gained, and age 65 with real-world adherence—ICER of INR 28,203 per QALY gained (conversion rate used is 1 US dollar (USD) = INR 83.97 and 1 EURO = INR 92.70). Hip fracture (HF) ITs showed similar cost-effectiveness at ages 60 (ICER of INR 67,144) and was the dominant strategy (i.e., more QALYs for lower costs) at ≥ 65 years. Fixed ITs of 14% for MOF and 3.5% for HF proved cost-effective across all age groups (dominant strategy for ages ≥ 65 years). Limitations of our study include the reliance on fracture incidence data from Singaporean Indians and variability in fracture prevalence across India.The results support the integration of FRAX®-based fixed ITs from the age of 50 years and age-based ones from the age of 65 years in India to optimize resource allocation and improve osteoporosis management.Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis of FRAX® intervention thresholds (ITs) in Indian women over 50 years indicated that generic alendronate was cost-effective for age-dependent major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ITs and hip fracture (HF) ITs starting at ages 60 and 65 years for full and real-world adherence, respectively. Alendronate was cost-effective at fixed MOF IT of 14% and HF IT of 3.5%, regardless of age.Osteoporosis represents a significant public health challenge in India, with an increasing economic burden due to the aging population. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®)–based intervention thresholds (ITs) for managing osteoporosis with generic alendronate in Indian women.A Markov microsimulation model, adapted to the Indian healthcare context, was used to simulate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with different treatment strategies. The one-time gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (estimated at INR 1,97,468/QALY gained) was used as the cost-effectiveness threshold.The model revealed that generic alendronate is cost-effective for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ITs beginning at age 60 years with full adherence—incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of INR 102,151 per QALY gained, and age 65 with real-world adherence—ICER of INR 28,203 per QALY gained (conversion rate used is 1 US dollar (USD) = INR 83.97 and 1 EURO = INR 92.70). Hip fracture (HF) ITs showed similar cost-effectiveness at ages 60 (ICER of INR 67,144) and was the dominant strategy (i.e., more QALYs for lower costs) at ≥ 65 years. Fixed ITs of 14% for MOF and 3.5% for HF proved cost-effective across all age groups (dominant strategy for ages ≥ 65 years). Limitations of our study include the reliance on fracture incidence data from Singaporean Indians and variability in fracture prevalence across India.The results support the integration of FRAX®-based fixed ITs from the age of 50 years and age-based ones from the age of 65 years in India to optimize resource allocation and improve osteoporosis management.Results: A cost-effectiveness analysis of FRAX® intervention thresholds (ITs) in Indian women over 50 years indicated that generic alendronate was cost-effective for age-dependent major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ITs and hip fracture (HF) ITs starting at ages 60 and 65 years for full and real-world adherence, respectively. Alendronate was cost-effective at fixed MOF IT of 14% and HF IT of 3.5%, regardless of age.Osteoporosis represents a significant public health challenge in India, with an increasing economic burden due to the aging population. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®)–based intervention thresholds (ITs) for managing osteoporosis with generic alendronate in Indian women.A Markov microsimulation model, adapted to the Indian healthcare context, was used to simulate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with different treatment strategies. The one-time gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (estimated at INR 1,97,468/QALY gained) was used as the cost-effectiveness threshold.The model revealed that generic alendronate is cost-effective for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ITs beginning at age 60 years with full adherence—incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of INR 102,151 per QALY gained, and age 65 with real-world adherence—ICER of INR 28,203 per QALY gained (conversion rate used is 1 US dollar (USD) = INR 83.97 and 1 EURO = INR 92.70). Hip fracture (HF) ITs showed similar cost-effectiveness at ages 60 (ICER of INR 67,144) and was the dominant strategy (i.e., more QALYs for lower costs) at ≥ 65 years. Fixed ITs of 14% for MOF and 3.5% for HF proved cost-effective across all age groups (dominant strategy for ages ≥ 65 years). Limitations of our study include the reliance on fracture incidence data from Singaporean Indians and variability in fracture prevalence across India.The results support the integration of FRAX®-based fixed ITs from the age of 50 years and age-based ones from the age of 65 years in India to optimize resource allocation and improve osteoporosis management.Conclusion: A cost-effectiveness analysis of FRAX® intervention thresholds (ITs) in Indian women over 50 years indicated that generic alendronate was cost-effective for age-dependent major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ITs and hip fracture (HF) ITs starting at ages 60 and 65 years for full and real-world adherence, respectively. Alendronate was cost-effective at fixed MOF IT of 14% and HF IT of 3.5%, regardless of age.Osteoporosis represents a significant public health challenge in India, with an increasing economic burden due to the aging population. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®)–based intervention thresholds (ITs) for managing osteoporosis with generic alendronate in Indian women.A Markov microsimulation model, adapted to the Indian healthcare context, was used to simulate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with different treatment strategies. The one-time gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (estimated at INR 1,97,468/QALY gained) was used as the cost-effectiveness threshold.The model revealed that generic alendronate is cost-effective for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ITs beginning at age 60 years with full adherence—incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of INR 102,151 per QALY gained, and age 65 with real-world adherence—ICER of INR 28,203 per QALY gained (conversion rate used is 1 US dollar (USD) = INR 83.97 and 1 EURO = INR 92.70). Hip fracture (HF) ITs showed similar cost-effectiveness at ages 60 (ICER of INR 67,144) and was the dominant strategy (i.e., more QALYs for lower costs) at ≥ 65 years. Fixed ITs of 14% for MOF and 3.5% for HF proved cost-effective across all age groups (dominant strategy for ages ≥ 65 years). Limitations of our study include the reliance on fracture incidence data from Singaporean Indians and variability in fracture prevalence across India.The results support the integration of FRAX®-based fixed ITs from the age of 50 years and age-based ones from the age of 65 years in India to optimize resource allocation and improve osteoporosis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In the first sections of this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the Hedgehog signalling pathway in mammals and the main general models of pathway activation. Subsequently, the review focuses on the oncogenic role played by this pathway in rhabdomyosarcoma and the inhibitors developed to date, as well as the clinical trials available in sarcomas. Finally, we provide a discussion and critical review of the results obtained in the clinical setting and their strong dependency on the type of tumour. In some cases, strong discrepancies between encouraging preclinical data and clinical trial results are clearly evident. Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is known to play an oncogenic role in a wide range of cancers; in the particular case of rhabdomyosarcoma, this pathway has been demonstrated to be an important player for both oncogenesis and cancer progression. In this review, after a brief description of the pathway and the characteristics of its molecular components, we describe, in detail, the main activation mechanisms that have been found in cancer, including ligand-dependent, ligand-independent and non-canonical activation. In this context, the most studied inhibitors, i.e., SMO inhibitors, have shown encouraging results for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma, both tumour types often associated with mutations that lead to the activation of the pathway. Conversely, SMO inhibitors have not fulfilled expectations in tumours—among them sarcomas—mostly associated with ligand-dependent Hh pathway activation. Despite the controversy existing regarding the results obtained with SMO inhibitors in these types of tumours, several compounds have been (or are currently being) evaluated in sarcoma patients. Finally, we discuss some of the reasons that could explain why, in some cases, encouraging preclinical data turned into disappointing results in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a perspective on the lives of indigenous women in the context of the European conquest and colonization of the Caribbean, specifically on the island of Hispaniola. It integrates ethnohistorical information, published primary sources, secondary sources and results of archaeological research. The text articulates a general vision, which summarizes scattered and sometimes little-known data, reflecting the action of dominance over women, the complexity of the female experience in this universe, and also their capacities to face change and transmit the indigenous cultural legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : The availability of nomograms is crucial for the correct interpretation of pediatric and neonatal echocardiograms. Echocardiographic Z-score applications/websites use Western nomograms as reference, which may not be an appropriate standard for gauging Indian neonates. Currently available Indian pediatric nomograms either have not included neonates or have not been specifically designed for neonates. This gross underrepresentation of neonates renders available nomograms unreliable for use as standards for comparison. Objectives : The objective of this study was to collect normative data for the measurement of various cardiac structures using M-Mode and two-dimensional (2D) echo in healthy Indian neonates and to derive Z-scores for each measured parameter. Methods : Echocardiograms were performed on healthy term neonates (within first 5 days of life). Birth weight and length were recorded, and body surface area was calculated using Haycock's formula. Twenty M-mode and 2D-echo parameters were measured (including left ventricular dimensions, atrioventricular valves, and semilunar valves' annuli sizes, pulmonary artery and branches, aortic root, and arch). Results : We studied 142 neonates (73 males) with a mean age of 1.83 ± 1.12 days and mean birth weight of 2.89 ± 0.39 Kg. Regression equations with linear, logarithmic, exponential and square root models were tested to select the best model of fit for the relationship between birth weight and each echocardiographic parameter. Scatter plots and nomogram charts with Z-scores were prepared for each echocardiographic parameter. Conclusions : Our study provides nomograms with Z-scores for term Indian neonates weighing between 2 kg and 4 kg at birth, within first 5 days of life, for a set of echocardiographic parameters that are frequently used in clinical practice. This nomogram has poor predictability for babies at extremes of birth weight. There is a need for further indigenous studies to include neonates at extremes of weight, both term, and preterm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Longstanding cardiovascular risk factors cause major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Major adverse cardiovascular events prediction may improve outcomes. The aim was to evaluate the ten-year predictors of MACE in patients without angina. Methods: Patients referred to Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, Durban, South Africa, without typical angina from 2002 to 2008 were collected and followed up for MACE from 2009 to 2019. Survival time was calculated in months. Independent variables were tested with Cox proportional hazard models to predict MACE morbidity and MACE mortality. Results: There were 525 patients; 401 (76.0%) were Indian, 167 (31.8%) had diabetes at baseline. At 10-year follow up 157/525 (29.9%) experienced MACE morbidity, of whom, 82/525 (15.6%) had MACE mortality. There were 368/525 (70.1%) patients censored, of whom 195/525 (37.1%) were lost to follow up. For MACE morbidity, mean and longest observation times were 102.2 and 201 months, respectively. Predictors for MACE morbidity were age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.025), diabetes (HR = 1.436), Duke Risk category (HR = 1.562) and Ischaemic burden category (HR = 1.531). For MACE mortality, mean and longest observation times were 107.9 and 204 months, respectively. Predictors for MACE mortality were age (HR = 1.044), Duke Risk category (HR = 1.983), echocardiography risk category (HR = 2.537) and Ischaemic burden category (HR = 1.780). Conclusion: Among patients without typical angina, early ischaemia on noninvasive tests indicated microvascular disease and hyperglycaemia, predicting long-term MACE morbidity and MACE mortality. Contribution: Diabetes was a predictor for MACE morbidity but not for MACE mortality; patients lost to follow-up were possibly diabetic patients with MACE mortality at district hospitals. Early screening for ischaemia and hyperglycaemia control may improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article problematizes the use of the conceptualization of 'Indian' in La Araucanía, Chile. Through a historical approach, the origins of the 'Indian' are discussed, as well as the causes and psychosocial consequences that this denomination has brought to indigenous subjects, mainly the Mapuche in Chile. The methodology is qualitative of documentary-descriptive type of scientific articles, they allow a historical understanding of the origins of the Indian concept and how it prevails in society. Content analysis is used in which the nuclei of explicit and latent sense and meaning that underlie the concept 'Indian' are identified. The results reveal that the deconstruction of the 'indian' would progressively eradicate practices of racism and discrimination against indigenous children, youth and adults. We conclude that the deconstruction of the "Indian" concept implies starting from the basis of the recognition of an intercultural epistemological pluralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgender individuals are those individuals whose identity, demeanor, and demonstrative behavior are alternative to mainstream gender binaries. In keeping with the subject's sensitive nature, the mode of the interviews was face-to-face for data collection. The total number of participants in this qualitative research was 16, though around 35 people were approached. The age group of the assigned female at birth participants ranged from 25 to 40 years, from across India in different small and medium enterprises. The findings reveal the current gender-related issues that negatively affect performance in the workplace and a sense of abandonment from society. Suggestions are provided to address existing challenges, and future research implications are discussed. From the Indian perspective, research on transgender workforce members is limited. Thus, this research is a study of the issues pertaining to this minority workforce with an accompanying exposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this study has been to examine the Human Resource (HR) Practice types which are being followed in various Indian Entrepreneurial Organizations with special focus on succession planning process. HR Practices provide a common understanding and order within the system. It is also a very important part of an organizations business strategy since people are working for an organization and creating a great enterprise heavily relies on how well and fairly, they are being treated. Additionally, organisations require a plan for creating, disseminating, and enforcing a set of rules and regulations that are compliant with the law and represent the proper conduct of their employees. Sound HR Practices also support the vision, mission and business strategy of an Organization. At the operational level of HR function, it helps HR Professionals to deliver in an objective way. This paper provides insights, as to the status of types of HR Practices being followed in Indian Entrepreneurial Organizations. It would help organizations to improve their HR practices. This paper also tests the relevance of influence of organization types on HR practices especially Succession Planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the beliefs of middle class urban Hindus (MCUHs) about the meaning and purpose of the institution of heterosexual marriage. The intention was to develop a foundation for assessment tools valid for India's population. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted in the homes of 32 MCUH in New Delhi who had been married for at least seven years. Qualitative methodology along with the constant comparison method was used to analyze the data. This sample conceived of marriage, both as a noun and a verb, differently than the theoretical models underlying Western assessment tools. To these MCUH, marriage is a sacred, inescapable, socially-sanctioned, developmental stage in which pragmatic collectivist rationales exclude romantic motives. Accordingly, the researchers found probes about marital "satisfaction" to be largely unfruitful. Some MCUH described minor changes driven by formal education, Western thinking, and technological development. Implications for family clinicians and future research are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐A*33:33:02 differs from HLA‐A*33:33:01 by one synonymous nucleotide change C>T in exon 3 (TCC>TCT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐C*17:78 differs from HLA‐C*17:03:01:03 by one nucleotide change C>T in exon 3 (GCG>GTG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AICA (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide) ribosiduria is an inborn error in purine biosynthesis caused due to biallelic pathogenic variants in the 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide-formyltransferase/imp cyclohydrolase (ATIC) gene located on chromosome 2q35. ATIC codes for a bifunctional enzyme, AICAR transformylase and inosine monophosphate (IMP) cyclohydrolase, which catalyse the last two steps of de novo purine synthesis. This disorder has been previously reported in only 4 cases worldwide, and herein, we report the first from India. The proband presented with global developmental delay, developmental hip dysplasia (DDH), acyanotic heart disease and nystagmoid eye movements. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the ATIC. A novel splice site variant; c.1321-2A > G and a previously reported missense variant; c.1277A > G (p.Lys426Arg) were identified. Segregation analysis of parents showed the father to be a heterozygous carrier for the splice site variant and the mother, a heterozygous carrier for the missense variant. This case of a rare genetic disorder of purine biosynthesis of ATIC deficiency is the first case reported from India. Early diagnosis lead to early interventional therapy and genetic counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ACR in 2021 and the EULAR in 2022 published recommendations for management of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Given the differences in the demographic, clinical profiles, and the socio-economic realities between various countries, there is a need for development of guidelines for the management of AAV for less economically developed regions of the world. These guidelines were made following the GRADE methodology. After the systematic literature review, recommendations were formulated and opinion was sought from the 18-member expert panel consisting of 17 clinicians and one patient representative. Twenty recommendations were formulated. We recommend ANCA testing by ELISA over IIF. For remission induction in active GPA or MPA, we recommend use of intravenous cyclophosphamide or rituximab in combination with glucocorticoids. We conditionally recommend the use of reduced dose glucocorticoids over standard dose glucocorticoids for remission induction in active GPA or MPA. For remission maintenance in patients with GPA or MPA, we recommend the use of rituximab over azathioprine for at least 48 months from diagnosis. We conditionally recommend the use of plasma exchange in patients with severe renal vasculitis. For remission induction in EGPA, we recommend use of cyclophosphamide or rituximab in severe disease and mepolizumab or azathioprine or methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil in non-severe disease. These are the first ever Indian recommendations for the management of AAV. Despite our effort to formulate these recommendations based on high quality evidence, some recommendations were still based on low quality evidence but with high rate of agreement among expert panel members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine exophthalmometry values (EV) in the north Indian population and to find its correlation with the age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), locality, and base value of the population. Methods: A total of 1000 eligible participants with 504 females and 496 males with age >5 years were included in this observational cross-sectional study. Age, gender, and locality of the subjects were noted. Hertel's exophthalmometry was performed on all subjects. The exophthalmometry values and base values were recorded. Height and weight were measured for all participants. BMI was calculated using the parameters. Results: The overall mean exophthalmometry value (mm) was 14.94 ± 2.43 mm with a range between 8 and 22 mm. There was no significant difference in EV between the two eyes. Males recorded a significantly higher mean EV of 15.4 ± 2.51 mm as compared to females with a value of 14.49 ± 2.27 mm. Base value of Hertel's exophthalmometer had a mean value 100.78 ± 5.63 mm and a range of 84–120 mm. Age, height, weight, BMI, and locality of the subjects were found to have a significant effect on the exophthalmometry as well as the base value of the population. A significant correlation was also seen between exophthalmometry values and base values of the population. Conclusion: Our study provided the normal exophthalmometric range for the north Indian population and also demonstrated the relationship of age, gender, height, weight, BMI, locality, and base value with the exophthalmometric values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management strategies for chronic wasting disease (CWD) across tribal lands have varied in response to changing dynamics of CWD risk. As CWD continues to spread across the United States, concerns associated with the disease are increasing. We interviewed 19 natural resource managers representing Anishinaabe and Dakota tribes in Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin with goals of understanding needs and opportunities for CWD engagement, surveillance, and outreach on tribal lands; the implementation of natural resources policy and management across tribal nations; and opportunities for tribal partnership‐development to control CWD. Qualitative data analyses of interview responses revealed substantial variation in the number of tribal hunters, hunter regulation, and huntable tribal lands across our study area. Proximity of tribal lands in relation to CWD detections impacted tribal agency management strategies for CWD. Our results indicate a desire for CWD outreach and surveillance, mutually beneficial collaborations, and a need for incorporating cultural knowledge into CWD management strategies. We conclude that tribal CWD management and surveillance plans will be enhanced through strategic and thoughtful CWD outreach methods. Moreover, partnerships must recognize tribal sovereignty and respectfully integrate tribal values, knowledge, and worldview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was done to obtain the reference data for the sural SNAP amplitude and latency at distances of 14, 12, and 10 cm from the active recording electrode in Indian healthy subjects for different age groups.Material and Methods: Two hundred forty-four healthy subjects (18-80 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Subjects were divided into six groups according to age. Sural SNAP was recorded antidromically stimulating at three sites (14, 12, and 10 cm from the recording electrode). The quantitative variables were expressed as Mean ± SD/Median (IQR) and compared using t test/ANOVA. Transformed data for amplitude were analyzed with the use of paired t test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. SPSS version 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results: Mean age of included subjects was 43.28 years. Maximum leg girth was at 14 cm. Analysis showed a significant difference in the leg girth at all three sites (P < 0.001). Sural SNAP latency at each stimulating site was compared in different age groups, no significant difference was found between groups (P = 0.19). Maximum amplitude was in the 18-30-years age group and amplitude was minimum in the 71-80-years age group (4.34 and 2.79, respectively). The difference in the amplitude recorded in the different age groups was found to be statistically different (P < 0.001). The difference in the amplitude recorded at each site was found to be statistically different (P < 0.001).Conclusion: This is the first study with a large sample size (244 subjects) to provide age-stratified reference data for SNAP in the Indian population by using three sites of stimulation at distances of 14, 12, and 10 cm from the recording electrode. This study shows that sural SNAP amplitude varies with the age of the subject and distance from stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living through menopause is a complex experience. Menopause marks the beginning of an infertile phase from the fertile phase. The experience of menopause influences post-menopausal women's quality of life. This study delves into the understanding of women's menopausal experience and their perception of menopausal experience. Fifteen post-menopausal women were included in the study using purposive sampling through snowball sampling in Kolkata, West Bengal. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to delve into the understanding of a women's menopausal experience and her perception of menopausal experience. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. To describe the women's experiences and perception of menopause, the themes that emerged were health related changes, perception of menopause, change in relationships, and social support. The current study found that support from husband, and social support largely impacts this experience. According to this study, women turned to their families, and peers, for assistance with their issues. Health care professionals should therefore educate women about menopause in addition to being fully informed of its course. It is important to consider their peers' and families' contributions. It is advised that more research be done on how psychological therapies might be used to address these issues in postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agenesis of the inferior vena cava in H syndrome due to a novel SLC29A3 mutation. Keywords: H syndrome; mutation; SLC29A3; Indian; hyperpigmented plaques EN H syndrome mutation SLC29A3 Indian hyperpigmented plaques e138 e140 3 02/23/23 20230301 NES 230301 Dear Editor, H syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a characteristic array of features such as hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, short height, hypogonadism, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperglycemia, hearing loss, and heart anomalies. [Extracted from the article]