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In recent decades, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have received increasing attention because they offer cost and safety advantages and avoid the challenges related to limited lithium/cobalt/nickel resources and environmental pollution. Because the sodium storage performance and production cost of SIBs are dominated by the cathode performance, developing cathode materials with large‐scale production capacity is the key to achieving commercial applications of SIBs. Therefore, developing host materials with high energy density, long cycling life, low production cost, and high chemical/environmental stability is crucial for implementing advanced SIBs. Among the developed cathode materials for SIBs, O3‐type sodiated transition‐metal oxides have attracted extensive attention owing to their simple synthesis methods, high theoretical specific capacity, and sufficient Na content. However, the relatively large Na‐ion radius leads to sluggish diffusion kinetics and inevitable complex phase transitions during the deintercalation/intercalation process, resulting in poor rate capability and cycling stability. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the research progress and modification strategies for O3‐type cathodes, including the component design, surface modification, and optimization of synthesis methods. This work aims to guide the development of commercial layered oxides and provide technical support for the next generation of energy‐storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a new solvation strategy enabled by Mg(NO3)2 is introduced, which can be dissolved directly as Mg2+ and NO3− ions in the electrolyte to change the Li+ ion solvation structure and greatly increase interfacial stability in Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). This is the first report of introducing Mg(NO3)2 additives in an ester‐based electrolyte composed of ternary salts and binary ester solvents to stabilize LMBs. In particular, it is found that NO3− efficiently forms a stable solid electrolyte interphase through an electrochemical reduction reaction, along with the other multiple anion components in the electrolyte. The interaction between Li+ and NO3− and coordination between Mg2+ and the solvent molecules greatly decreases the number of solvent molecules surrounding the Li+, which leads to facile Li+ desolvation during plating. In addition, Mg2+ ions are reduced to Mg via a spontaneous chemical reaction on the Li metal surface and subsequently form a lithiophilic Li–Mg alloy, suppressing lithium dendritic growth. The unique solvation chemistry of Mg(NO3)2 enables long cycling stability and high efficiency of the Li‐metal anode and ensures an unprecedented lifespan for a practical pouch‐type LMB with high‐voltage Ni‐rich NCMA73 cathode even under constrained conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new cathode material, K 2 V 3 O 8 , is reported reports as a new active material for potassium storage. The K 2 V 3 O 8 is stabilized into tetragonal structure with P 4 bm space group, and we verify the unique crystal structure that is coordinated with four hendecahedra of KO 11 , VO 5 , and VO 4 , in which one VO 5 shares its four oxygens with four VO 4 tetrahedra to produce four penta-shaped voids that allows insertion and extraction of potassium ions. The K 2 V 3 O 8 modified with carbon exhibits a reversible capacity of 75 mAh (g-oxide)−1, and its electrochemical activity originates from the reversible de-/intercalation of potassium ions into/out of the hendecahedrally coordinated K 2 V 3 O 8 –carbon composite cathode, accompanied by a reversible V5+/4+ redox pair, which is retained for 200 cycles with 80% retention of its initial capacity. Image 1 • Crystal structure of K 2 V 3 O 8 is verified as a new cathode material for potassium storage. • The K 2 V 3 O 8 modified with carbon exhibits a reversible capacity of 75 mAh g−1. • The K 2 V 3 O 8 – carbon composite retains approximately 80% of capacity for 200 cycles. • Electrochemical reaction is progressed via a reversible V5+/4+ redox pair. • Potassium ions are extracted and inserted into and out of the crystal structure of K 2 V 3 O 8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ti-doped O3-type Na[Ti x (Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2) 1-x ]O 2 is studied as a high-performance cathode material for practical sodium-ion batteries. The effect of partial Ti doping on the structural and electrochemical properties of O3-type Na[Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 materials is investigated by varying the Ti content (x) in Na[Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 from 0 to 0.01 to 0.03. Scanning electron microscopy images show that upon doping, the primary particles aggregate and form densely packed secondary particles, yielding enhanced mechanical strength and high tap density of ∼2.3 g cm−3. The compact morphology of the particles effectively minimizes the void volume for possible electrolyte penetration that usually leads to unwanted side reactions. In addition, partial doping of Ti in the transition-metal layer greatly improve the structural stability. By taking both morphological and structural advantages, the O3-type Na[Ti 0.03 (Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2) 0.97 ]O 2 cathode demonstrate the great enhancements of battery performances in terms of capacity, cycle retention, rate capability, and thermal properties. Pouch-type full cells assembled by combining the present cathodes with hard carbon anodes show good practical applicability, with an outstanding cycle retention of 77% over 400 cycles. The results of this study may open up a new avenue for designing and developing suitable transition metal oxide cathodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Partial doping of Ti in Na[Ni x Co y Mn z ]O 2 cathode improves the structural stability. • The Ti-doped cathode demonstrates the enhancement of electrochemical performances. • Pouch-type full cell using Ti-doped cathode shows an outstanding cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sulfur electrodes confined in an inert carbon matrix show practical limitations and concerns related to low cathode density. As a result, these electrodes require a large amount of electrolyte, normally three times more than the volume used in commercial Li‐ion batteries. Herein, a high‐energy and high‐performance lithium–sulfur battery concept, designed to achieve high practical capacity with minimum volume of electrolyte is proposed. It is based on deposition of polysulfide species on a self‐standing and highly conductive carbon nanofiber network, thus eliminating the need for a binder and current collector, resulting in high active material loading. The fiber network has a functionalized surface with the presence of polar oxygen groups, with the aim to prevent polysulfide migration to the lithium anode during the electrochemical process, by the formation of S–O species. Owing to the high sulfur loading (6 mg cm−2) and a reduced free volume of the sulfide/fiber electrode, the Li–S cell is designed to work with as little as 10 µL cm−2 of electrolyte. With this design the cell has a high energy density of 450 Wh kg−1, a lifetime of more than 400 cycles, and the possibility of low cost, by use of abundant and eco‐friendly materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Designing an optimum cell configuration that can deliver high capacity, fast charge–discharge capability, and good cycle retention is imperative for developing a high‐performance lithium–sulfur battery. Herein, a novel lithium–sulfur cell design is proposed, which consists of sulfur and magnesium–aluminum‐layered double hydroxides (MgAl‐LDH)–carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite cathode with a modified polymer separator produced by dual side coating approaches (one side: graphene and the other side: aluminum oxides). The composite cathode functions as a combined electrocatalyst and polysulfide scavenger, greatly improving the reaction kinetics and stabilizing the Coulombic efficiency upon cycling. The modified separator enhances further Li+‐ion or electron transport and prevents undesirable contact between the cathode and dendritic lithium on the anode. The proposed lithium–sulfur cell fabricated with the as‐prepared composite cathode and modified separator exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 1375 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C rate, excellent cycling stability during 200 cycles at 1 C rate, and superior rate capability up to 5 C rate, even with high sulfur loading of 4.0 mg cm−2. In addition, the findings that found in postmortem chracterization of cathode, separator, and Li metal anode from cycled cell help in identifying the reason for its subsequent degradation upon cycling in Li–S cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy production and storage technologies have attracted a great deal of attention for day-to-day applications. In recent decades, advances in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology have improved living conditions around the globe. LIBs are used in most mobile electronic devices as well as in zero-emission electronic vehicles. However, there are increasing concerns regarding load leveling of renewable energy sources and the smart grid as well as the sustainability of lithium sources due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase. Therefore, whether LIBs alone can satisfy the rising demand for small- and/or mid-to-large-format energy storage applications remains unclear. To mitigate these issues, recent research has focused on alternative energy storage systems. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as the best candidate power sources because sodium is widely available and exhibits similar chemistry to that of LIBs; therefore, SIBs are promising next-generation alternatives. Recently, sodiated layer transition metal oxides, phosphates and organic compounds have been introduced as cathode materials for SIBs. Simultaneously, recent developments have been facilitated by the use of select carbonaceous materials, transition metal oxides (or sulfides), and intermetallic and organic compounds as anodes for SIBs. Apart from electrode materials, suitable electrolytes, additives, and binders are equally important for the development of practical SIBs. Despite developments in electrode materials and other components, there remain several challenges, including cell design and electrode balancing, in the application of sodium ion cells. In this article, we summarize and discuss current research on materials and propose future directions for SIBs. This will provide important insights into scientific and practical issues in the development of SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-energy and high-power density sodium-ion batteries is a great challenge for modern electrochemistry. The main hurdle to wide acceptance of sodium-ion batteries lies in identifying and developing suitable new electrode materials. This study presents a composition-graded cathode with average composition Na[Ni0.61Co0.12Mn0.27]O2, which exhibits excellent performance and stability. In addition to the concentration gradients of the transition metal ions, the cathode is composed of spoke-like nanorods assembled into a spherical superstructure. Individual nanorod particles also possess strong crystallographic texture with respect to the center of the spherical particle. Such morphology allows the spoke-like nanorods to assemble into a compact structure that minimizes its porosity and maximizes its mechanical strength while facilitating Na+-ion transport into the particle interior. Microcompression tests have explicitly verified the mechanical robustness of the composition-graded cathode and single particle electrochemical measurements have demonstrated the electrochemical stability during Na+-ion insertion and extraction at high rates. These structural and morphological features contribute to the delivery of high discharge capacities of 160 mAh (g oxide)−1 at 15 mA g−1 (0.1 C rate) and 130 mAh g−1 at 1500 mA g−1 (10 C rate). The work is a pronounced step forward in the development of new Na ion insertion cathodes with a concentration gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate that the effect of Ni and Fe contents on structural and electrochemical properties of O3-type layered Na[Ni 0.75−x Fe x Mn 0.25 ]O 2 (x = 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, and 0.55) in which Mn is fixed at 25%. As increasing the Ni contents, the capacities are gradually higher while the capacity retention and thermal properties are inferior. When Fe contents are increased, by contrast, the electrode exhibits stable capacity retention and satisfactory thermal stability although the resulting capacity slightly decreases. Structural investigation of post cycled electrodes indicate that lattice variation is greatly suppressed from x = 0.5 in Na[Ni 0.75−x Fe x Mn 0.25 ]O 2 . This indicates that an appropriate amount of Fe into the Na[Ni 0.75−x Fe x Mn 0.25 ]O 2 stabilizes the crystal structure and this leads to the good cycling performances. Also, the better structural stability obtained by Fe addition is responsible for the less heat generation at elevated temperature for the desodiated Na 1−δ [Ni 0.75−x Fe x Mn 0.25 ]O 2 (x = 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, and 0.55) caused by less evaporation of oxygen from the crystal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel nanocomposite cathode consisting of sulfur and hollow-mesoporous titania (HMT) embedded within carbon nanotubes (CNT), which is designated as S-HMT@CNT, has been obtained by encapsulating elemental sulfur into the pores of hollow-mesoporous, spherical TiO2 particles that are connected via CNT. A carbon-paper interlayer, referred to as dual functional porous carbon wall (DF-PCW), has been obtained by filling the voids in TiO2 spheres with carbon and then etching the TiO2 template with a chemical process. The DF-PCW interlayer provides a medium for scavenging the lithium polysulfides and suppressing them from diffusing to the anode side when it is inserted between the sulfur cathode and the separator. Lithium-sulfur cells fabricated with the thus prepared S-HMT@CNT cathode and the DF-PCW interlayer exhibit superior performance due to the containment of sulfur in TiO2 and improved lithium-ion and electron transports. The Li-S cells display high capacity with excellent capacity retention at rates as high as 1C, 2C, and 5C rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium transition metal oxide layers, Li[Ni1−x−yCox(Mn and/or Al)y]O2, are widely used and mass-produced for current rechargeable battery cathodes. Development of cathode materials has focused on increasing the Ni content by simply controlling the chemical composition, but as the Ni content has almost reached its limit, a new breakthrough is required. In this regard, microstructural modification is rapidly emerging as a prospective approach, namely in the production of nano-rod layered cathode materials. A comprehensive review of the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performances of cathodes bearing the nano-rod microstructure is provided herein. A detailed discussion is regarding the structural stability of the cathode, which should be maximized to suppress microcrack formation, the main cause of capacity fading in Ni-rich cathode materials. In addition, the morphological features required to achieve optimal performance are examined. Following a discussion of the initial nano-rod cathodes, which were based on compositional concentration gradients, the preparation of nano-rod cathodes without the inclusion of a concentration gradient is reviewed, highlighting the importance of the precursor. Subsequently, the challenges and advances associated with the nano-rod structure are discussed, including considerations for synthesizing nano-rod cathodes and surface shielding of the nano-rod structure. It goes on to cover nano-rod cathode materials for next-generation batteries (e.g., all-solid-state, lithium-metal, and sodium-ion batteries), inspiring the battery community and other materials scientists looking for clues to the solution of the challenges that they encounter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Anodeless" electrodes for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have been attracting attention as a solution for achieving high energy density. Recent studies on anodeless electrodes have shown improvements in cycle life and energy density through the stabilization of plated lithium (Li) using Li‐soluble metals (e.g., Ag, Zn, etc.). In this study, magnesium‐based materials (MgF2@C) are introduced for use as an anodeless electrode. Nanodot magnesium fluoride (MgF2) is synthesized onto a carbon black surface via sonochemical synthesis. MgF2 is converted to a Mg‐Li alloy and LiF during lithiation. The Mg‐Li alloy from the MgF2@C anodeless electrode reduces lithiation overpotential and provides a uniform and dense Li layer between the current collector and the anodeless electrode. The ASSB cell assembled with the MgF2@C anodeless electrode exhibits 81.4% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 30 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐solid‐state sulfur batteries (ASBs) suffer from electrical and ionic conduction problems due to the insulating sulfur. By comparing three host materials with different structural characteristics, herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decorated with a conductive metal sulfide (CoMoS2@CNT) is demonstrated, designed to host sulfur and exchange both Li‐ions and electrons, effectively. In this hierarchical wire structure, porous CoMoS2 nanosheets form close interfaces with sulfur, and the CNT core directly transfers electrons to the sulfur‐impregnated CoMoS2. Simultaneously, the solid electrolyte positioned on the outer region of the nanowire material ensures facile Li‐ion conduction to the sulfur‐impregnated CoMoS2. An ASB featuring a CoMoS2@CNT host material with a sulfur loading of 3 mg cm−2 exhibits a high‐areal‐capacity of 4.5 mAh cm−2 at a current density of 2.5 mA cm−2, while retaining 79.4% of its initial capacity after 300 cycles. When sulfur is replaced with SeS2 to further reinforce the charge conduction properties, all‐solid‐state SeS2 batteries (ASeS2Bs) with an extremely high‐areal‐capacity of 16.3 mAh cm−2 retain 99.3% of their initial capacities after 60 cycles at 60 °C. This study provides guidelines for the design principles of cathode composites for the ASBs and ASeS2Bs through multiangle comparative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining Li‐metal anodes (LMAs) with high‐voltage Ni‐rich layered‐oxide cathodes is a promising approach to realizing high‐energy‐density Li secondary batteries. However, these systems experience severe capacity decay due to structural degradation of high‐voltage cathodes and side reactions of electrolyte solutions with both electrodes. Herein, the use of multi‐functional additives in fluoroethylene carbonate‐based electrolyte solutions that enable the operation of successfully rechargeable high‐voltage (4.5 V) Li‐metal batteries (LMBs) with high areal capacity (>4 mAh cm−2) are reported. Customized electrolyte solutions are pivotal in passivating the electrodes, minimizing microcrack formation, and ensuring that current is uniformly distributed within cathode particles. The developed electrolyte solution protects the LMA by forming a very stable and effective solid–electrolyte interphase. Together with the Li[Ni0.78Co0.1Mn0.12]O2 cathode material, which is composed of radially aligned rod‐shaped primary particles, the developed high‐voltage LMB containing 20 mg cm−2 of cathode material delivers a high specific capacity of 230 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and retains >86% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. This study highlights the significance of controlling the interfacial structure via electrolyte solution modification and the use of cathode materials with engineered morphologies that enhance mechanical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing suitable cathodes with high capacity and high power is challenging for K‐ion batteries. Herein, electrochemical K‐ion storage properties of the layered‐type K0.4V2O5 (KVO) cathode by incorporating divalent strontium ions (Sr2+) into its crystal structure are enhanced. Divalent strontium ions (1.18 Å) are preferentially incorporated into the octahedrally coordinated K (1.38 Å) layers due to the similar ionic size compared to V4+ (0.58 Å). The introduction of 3 mmol of Sr ions in the KVO crystal improves electrical conductivity and reduces K‐ion diffusion energy barriers. In addition, the strong Sr2+ and O2− interaction acts as a structural pillar, suppressing irreversible phase transition during charge–discharge process. Multi‐physics simulations clearly confirm that the K0.34Sr0.03V2O5 (KS3VO) cathode exhibits a more uniform K‐ion distribution and enhanced reactions of K‐ions compared to the KVO cathode at various depths of discharge. As a result, the KS3VO cathode demonstrates improved reversible capacity, cycling stability, and power capability over the KVO cathode in a K‐ion cell. Synchrotron X‐ray analysis reveals how Sr substitution enhances the electrochemical K‐ion storage properties of the KS3VO cathode. In addition, the KS3VO cathode exhibits superior thermal stability and cycling stability in a full cell coupled with a hard carbon anode compared to the KVO cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant and economical sodium (Na) metal batteries promise superior energy densities compared to lithium‐ion batteries; however, they face commercialization challenges owing to problematic interfacial reactions leading to dendrite formation during cycling. This paper reports the ultra‐long and rapid operation of Na metal batteries enabled by the introduction of a vinylpyrrolidone (VP)‐based multifunctional interface stabilizer in the electrolyte. The VP electrolyte additive provides benefits such as surface flattening, durable solid electrolyte interphase layer formation, preservation of fresh Na, and acceleration of horizontal crystal growth along the (110) plane. Symmetric Na–Na cells with the stabilizer exhibit notably stable operation for over 5 000 cycles at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2, surpassing previous research. Performance improvement is also demonstrated in a full‐cell configuration with an Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode. This approach offers a promising solution for achieving performance levels comparable to lithium‐ion batteries in Na metal battery technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable batteries with a Li metal anode and Ni‐rich Li[NixCoyMn1−x−y]O2 cathode (Li/Ni‐rich NCM battery) have been emerging as promising energy storage devices because of their high‐energy density. However, Li/Ni‐rich NCM batteries have been plagued by the issue of the thermodynamic instability of the Li metal anode and aggressive surface chemistry of the Ni‐rich cathode against electrolyte solution. In this study, a bi‐functional additive, adiponitrile (C6H8N2), is proposed which can effectively stabilize both the Li metal anode and Ni‐rich NCM cathode interfaces. In the Li/Ni‐rich NCM battery, the addition of 1 wt% adiponitrile in 0.8 m LiTFSI + 0.2 M LiDFOB + 0.05 M LiPF6 dissolved in EMC/FEC = 3:1 electrolyte helps to produce a conductive and robust Li anode/electrolyte interface, while strong coordination between Ni4+ on the delithiated Ni‐rich cathode and nitrile group in adiponitrile reduces parasitic reactions between the electrolyte and Ni‐rich cathode surface. Therefore, upon using 1 wt% adiponitrile, the Li/full concentration gradient Li[Ni0.73Co0.10Mn0.15Al0.02]O2 battery achieves an unprecedented cycle retention of 75% over 830 cycles under high‐capacity loading of 1.8 mAh cm−2 and fast charge–discharge time of 2 h. This work marks an important step in the development of high‐performance Li/Ni‐rich NCM batteries with efficient electrolyte additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a new P2‐type layered oxide is proposed as an outstanding intercalation cathode material for high energy density sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). On the basis of the stoichiometry of sodium and transition metals, the P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 cathode is synthesized without impurities phase by partially substituting Ni and Fe into the Mn sites. The partial substitution results in a smoothing of the electrochemical charge/discharge profiles and thus greatly improves the battery performance. The P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 cathode delivers an extremely high discharge capacity of 221.5 mAh g−1 with a high average potential of ≈2.9 V (vs Na/Na+) for SIBs. In addition, the fast Na‐ion transport in the P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 cathode structure enables good power capability with an extremely high current density of 2400 mA g−1 (full charge/discharge in 12 min) and long‐term cycling stability with ≈80% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 600 mA g−1. A combination of electrochemical profiles, in operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis, and first‐principles calculations are used to understand the overall Na storage mechanism of P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of sustainable and eco‐friendly energy storage technologies is an issue of global significance. To date, this heavy burden is solely addressed by lithium‐ion battery technology. However, the ongoing depletion of limited global lithium resources has restricted their future availability for Li‐ion battery technology, and hence, a significant price increase is expected. This grim situation is the driving force for the development of the "beyond Li‐ion battery" strategy involving alternatives that have several advantages over conventional Li‐ion batteries in terms of cost, durability, safety, and sustainability. Potassium, the closest neighboring alkali element after sodium, offers some unique advantages over lithium and sodium as a charge carrier in rechargeable batteries. Potassium intercalation chemistry in potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) is successfully demonstrated to be compatible with Li‐ion batteries and sodium‐ion batteries. In addition to KIBs, potassium–sulfur and potassium–oxygen batteries have emerged as new energy‐storage systems due to their low costs and high specific energy densities. This review covers the key technological developments and scientific challenges for a broad range of rechargeable potassium batteries, while also providing valuable insight into the scientific and practical issues concerning the development of potassium‐based rechargeable batteries. Batteries that use potassium ions, such as potassium‐ion, potassium–sulfur, and potassium–oxygen batteries, are emerging technologies that can compete with lithium‐ion batteries in large‐scale energy‐storage applications. This review covers the key technological developments and scientific challenges for a broad range of potassium‐based batteries, while also providing valuable insight into the scientific and practical issues concerning the development of rechargeable potassium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of lithium metal as an anode material for next generation high energy‐density batteries has to overcome the major bottleneck that is the seemingly unavoidable growth of Li dendrites caused by non‐uniform electrodeposition on the electrode surface. This problem must be addressed by clarifying the detailed mechanism. In this work the mass‐transfer of Li‐ions is investigated, a key process controlling the electrochemical reaction. By a phase field modeling approach, the Li‐ion concentration and the electric fields are visualized to reveal the role of three key experimental parameters, operating temperature, Li‐salt concentration in electrolyte, and applied current density, on the microstructure of deposited Li. It is shown that a rapid depletion of Li‐ions on electrode surface, induced by, e.g., low operating temperature, diluted electrolyte and a high applied current density, is the underlying driving force for non‐uniform electrodeposition of Li. Thus, a viable route to realize a dendrite‐free Li plating process would be to mitigate the depletion of Li‐ions on the electrode surface. The methodology and results in this work may boost the practical applicability of Li anodes in Li metal batteries and other battery systems using metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract A hybrid cathode, Li[Ni 0.886 Co 0.049 Mn 0.050 Al 0.015 ]O 2 , consisting of a core of Li[Ni 0.934 Co 0.043 Al 0.015 ]O 2 encapsulated by Li[Ni 0.844 Co 0.061 Mn 0.080 Al 0.015 ]O 2 is prepared. This core/shell-type structure combining a Ni-enriched Li[Ni x Co y Al 1 -x-y ]O 2 (NCA) cathode with an Al-doped Li[Ni x Co y Mn 1 -x-y ]O 2 (NCM) cathode provides an exceptionally high discharge capacity of 225 mAh g−1 at 4.3 V and 236 mAh g−1 at 4.5 V. The hybrid cathode also exhibits microstructural attributes that are beneficial to long-term cycling stability, namely, spatially correlated peripheral primary particles that are crystallographically textured to expedite Li intercalation and nano-sized core primary particles retard the propagation of interparticle microcracks. In addition, ordered intermixing of Li and transition metal ions is observed in the cycled hybrid cathode. This cation ordering stabilizes the host structure during cycling and facilitates Li intercalation. These structural features allow the hybrid cathode to retain 91% of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles, which easily surpasses the performance of currently available cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alloying‐type metallic tin is perceived as a potential anode material for K‐ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and reasonable working potential. However, pure Sn still face intractable issues of inferior K+ storage capability owing to the mechanical degradation of electrode against large volume changes and formation of intermediary insulating phases K4Sn9 and KSn during alloying reaction. Herein, the TiC/C–carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is prepared as an effective buffer matrix and composited with Sn particles (Sn–TiC/C–CNTs) through the high‐energy ball‐milling method. Owing to the conductive and rigid properties, the TiC/C–CNTs matrix enhances the electrical conductivity as well as mechanical integrity of Sn in the composite material and thus ultimately contributes to performance supremacy in terms of electrochemical K+ storage properties. During potassiation process, the TiC/C–CNTs matrix not only dissipates the internal stress toward random radial orientations within the Sn particle but also provides electrical pathways for the intermediate insulating phases; this tends to reduce microcracking and prevent considerable electrode degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium metal batteries (KMBs) coupled with layered transition metal oxides as cathode materials are a promising energy--storage technology owing to low cost and high capacity. However, uncontrollable dendritic growth in the K--metal anode and chemical reactivity of the layered transition metal oxide cathode against the electrolyte solution cause KMBs to suffer from low Coulombic efficiency, rapid capacity fading, and critical safety issues. In this study, an electrolyte engineering strategy is introduced by introducing adiponitrile (ADN) as a dual--functional electrolyte additive containing an electron--rich nitrile group (C=N) in its molecule structure. Thus, the addition of 1 wt.% ADN can alter the chemical properties of the electrolyte solution, thereby improving the anode--electrolyte and cathode--electrolyte interfacial stabilities in KMBs. The formation of a potassiophilic compound with C=N in the solid electrolyte interphase layer can guide the uniform electrodeposition of K and suppress the dendritic growth in the K--metal. Moreover, C=N forms a strong coordination bond with the oxidized transition metal, leading the reversible redox reactions by mitigating the undesirable disproportionation reaction and improving the thermal stability of the layered transition metal oxide cathode. Computational calculations and experimental characterizations are used to verify the role of ADN additive in enhancing the electrochemical properties of KMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the booming demand of high‐energy‐density battery systems for modern power applications, various prototypes of rechargeable batteries, especially lithium metal batteries with ultrahigh theoretical capacity, have been intensively explored, which are intimated with new chemistries, novel materials and rationally designed configurations. What happens inside the batteries is associated with the interaction of multi‐physical field, rather than the result of the evolution of a single physical field, such as concentration field, electric field, stress field, morphological evolution, etc. In this review, multi‐physical field simulation with a relatively wide length and timescale is focused as formidable tool to deepen the insight of electrodeposition mechanism of Li metal and the electro‐chemo‐mechanical failure of solid‐state electrolytes based on Butler‐Volmer electrochemical kinetics and solid mechanics, which can promote the future development of state‐of‐the‐art Li metal batteries with satisfied energy density as well as lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring new anode materials with promising electrochemical capacity is essential for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries. The selection and structural design of electrode materials play key role in the development of a viable battery with high specific capacity and cycle retention. Herein, self-assembled NiCo 2 O 4 microspheres comprised of numerous sub-micron sized rods are prepared for the first time by a simple co-precipitation method. The synthesized microspheres have homogeneous morphology and a multimodal porosity. The resulting sodium ion storage properties demonstrate that the NiCo 2 O 4 microsphere anode offers excellent electrochemical performance, with a high reversible capacity of 620 mAh g −1 at a current density of 0.05 A g −1 . It also shows an exceptionally high rate capability up to 10 A g −1 equivalent to 11 C-rate, which can be attributed to the existence of capacitive behavior. Notably, the rate performance and cycling stability are significantly higher than most previously reported results of NiCo 2 O 4 nanostructures for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon (Si)-based materials have attracted significant research as an outstanding candidate for the anode material of lithium-ion batteries. However, the tremendous volume change and poor electron conductivity of bulk silicon result in inferior capacity retention and low Coulombic efficiency. Designing special Si with high energy density and good stability in a bulk electrode remains a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce an ingenious strategy to modify micro silicon by designing a porous structure, constructing nanoparticle blocks, and introducing carbon nanotubes as wedges. A disproportion reaction, coupled with a chemical etching process and a ball-milling reaction, are applied to generate the desired material. The as-prepared micro silicon material features porosity, small primary particles, and effective CNT-wedging, which combine to endow the resultant anode with a high reversible specific capacity of up to 2028.6 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles and excellent rate capability. The superior electrochemical performance is attributed to the unique architecture and optimized composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Batteries using potassium metal (K‐metal) anode are considered a new type of low‐cost and high‐energy storage device. However, the thermodynamic instability of the K‐metal anode in organic electrolyte solutions causes uncontrolled dendritic growth and parasitic reactions, leading to rapid capacity loss and low Coulombic efficiency of K‐metal batteries. Herein, an advanced electrolyte comprising 1 M potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) + 0.05 M potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6) dissolved in dimethoxyethane (DME) is introduced as a simple and effective strategy of regulated solvation chemistry, showing an enhanced interfacial stability of the K‐metal anode. Incorporating 0.05 M KPF6 into the 1 M KFSI in DME electrolyte solution decreases the number of solvent molecules surrounding the K ion and simultaneously leads to facile K+ de‐solvation. During the electrodeposition process, these unique features can lower the exchange current density between the electrolyte and K‐metal anode, thereby improving the uniformity of K electrodeposition, as well as potentially suppressing dendritic growth. Even under a high current density of 4 mA cm−2, the K‐metal anode in 0.05 M KPF6‐containing electrolyte ensures high areal capacity and an unprecedented lifespan with stable Coulombic efficiency in both symmetrical half‐cells and full‐cells employing a sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power sources supported by lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology has been considered to be the most suitable for public and military use. Battery quality is always a critical issue since electric engines and portable devices use power-consuming algorithms for security. For the practical use of LIBs in public applications, low heat generation, and fast charging are essential requirements, but those features are still unsatisfactory so far. In particular, the slow Li+ intercalation kinetics, lithium plating, and self-heat generation of conventional graphite-anode LIBs under fast-charging conditions are impediments to the use of these batteries by the public demands. The use of silicon-based anodes, which are associated with fast reaction kinetics and rapid Li+ diffusion, has great potential to render LIBs suitable for public use in the near future. In this perspective, the challenges in and future directions for developing silicon-based anode materials for realizing LIBs with fast-charging capability are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon‐free and safe power solutions, such as fast charging batteries for mid‐to‐large applications, are viable alternatives to address ever‐increasing energy demand while reducing environmental pollution. However, the self‐generated heat produced during the charge/discharge process severely hampers the performance, stability, and safety of fast charging batteries. Thus, a suitable working temperature range must be maintained to maximize efficiency. Well‐designed battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) can provide an appropriate temperature environment for maximizing battery performance with superior stability and safety. The objective of this study is to present a clear and detailed discussion on this ability of BTMSs, battery materials, and the effects of temperature on battery performance during rapid charging. Furthermore, battery modeling methods are highlighted, and the existing BTMSs are comprehensively reviewed and categorized according to their components and preparation processes. Additionally, the methods of cooling such systems based on phase change materials (PCMs), heat pipes, and thermoelectric elements, are explored. In addition, BTMSs based on air, liquids, and PCMs that undergo solid–liquid, liquid–gas, and solid–gas transitions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mn-based P3-type layered oxide (K 0.5 MnO 2) is a promising cathode material for K-ion batteries (KIBs) because of its low cost, high specific capacity, and simple synthesis. However, it suffers from severe capacity loss and sluggish K+ diffusion kinetics, which are mainly attributed to multiple phase transitions and the Jahn–Teller distortion of Mn3+. To address these challenges, herein, the Mg and Cu co-substitution strategy is proposed to synthesize the P3-type K 0.5 Mn 0.8 Mg 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 2 (P3-KMMCO) as a cathode for KIBs. The presence of divalent Mg2+ and Cu2+ in the crystal structure of P3-KMMCO play the critical functions in regulating the Jahn–Teller-active Mn3+, thereby suppressing the complex phase transitions and improving the K+ diffusion kinetics during charging and discharging. As a result, the P3-KMMCO cathode demonstrates the high reversible capacity, outstanding cycling stability and power capability. A combination study of synchrotron-based X-ray analysis and first-principles calculations is used to validate the enhanced electrochemical K+ storage properties of the P3-KMMCO cathode. We introduce the Mg and Cu co-substituted P3-K 0.5 MnO 2 (P3-KMO) cathode. This co-substitution strategy regulated the Mn oxidation state and induced the disordering within TMO 2 slab, which relaxed the Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn3+ and suppressed the K+/vacancy ordering. As a result, P3-K 0.5 Mn 0.8 Mg 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 2 (P3-KMMCO) cathode demonstrated continuous phase transition with sloping voltage profiles, leading to superior cycling stability and power capability. [Display omitted] • The synergy effect of Mg and Cu co-substitution suppress the Jahn-Teller distortion. • The P3-KMMCO cathode exhibits a superior cycling stability and power capability. • DFT calculations confirm suppression of Jahn-Teller distortion in P3-KMMCO cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article in Advanced Energy Materials discusses a new magnesium fluoride-based carbon substrate for all-solid-state batteries, which enhances interphasial kinetics. The cover image highlights the converted substrates and the formation of lithium-magnesium alloy in the interphase. The research is conducted by a team of authors led by Yun Jung Lee and Ji-Sang Yu. [Extracted from the article]

Recently, a novel electrochemical regulation associated with a deposition/dissolution reaction on an electrode surface has been proven to show superiority in large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs). Hence, in the search for high-performance electrodes showcasing these novel regulations, we utilized a low-cost ZnO microsphere electrode to construct aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) that supplied a harvestable and storable charge through electrochemical deposition/dissolution via a reversible manganese oxidation reaction (MOR)/manganese reduction reaction (MRR), respectively, induced by the inherent formation/dissolution of zinc basic sulfate in a mild aqueous electrolyte solution containing 2 M ZnSO4 and 0.2 M MnSO4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium–sulfur (K–S) batteries are emerging as low‐cost and high‐capacity energy‐storage technology. However, conventional K–S batteries suffer from two critical issues that have not yet been successfully resolved: the dissolution of potassium polysulfides (KPS) into the liquid electrolyte and the formation of K dendrites on the K metal anode, which lead to inadequate cycling efficiencies with a low reversible capacity. Herein, a high‐capacity and long cycle‐life K–S battery consisting of a highly concentrated electrolyte (HCE) (4.34 mol kg−1 potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in a 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane) and a sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode is presented The application of a HCE efficiently suppresses the dendritic growth of K, as evidenced by operando optical imaging and phase field modeling, owing to the reduced K‐ion depletion on the electrode surface and a uniform Faradaic current density over the K metal anode surface. Additionally, because S is covalently bonded to the C backbone of PAN in the SPAN structure, the SPAN cathode inhibits the dissolution of KPS. These features generate synergy that the proposed K–S battery can provide a practical areal capacity of 2.5 mAh cm−2 and unprecedented lifetimes with high Coulombic efficiencies over 700 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, nickel tellurium oxide (Ni3TeO6) was composited with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through the high‐energy ball‐milling method and proposed as a high‐energy conversion‐type anode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) for the first time. Upon mechanical milling, the Ni3TeO6 nanoparticles were uniformly encapsulated and wedged within the CNTs matrix, which produced a nano/micro hybrid structure. The interconnected CNT network in the composite provided conductive paths for rapid electron transport while effectively suppressing the local stress caused by large volume changes of Ni3TeO6 during the sodiation–desodiation process. The Ni3TeO6@CNTs exhibited a high Na+‐ion storage capacity of 495 mA h g−1, good cycling stability at 200 mA g−1, and high‐rate performance up to 2000 mA g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we report Na[Li0.05(Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5)0.95]O2layeredcathode materials that were synthesized via a coprecipitation method.The Na[Li0.05(Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5)0.95]O2electrode exhibited an exceptionallyhigh capacity (180.1 mA h g–1at 0.1 C-rate) aswell as excellent capacity retentions (0.2 C-rate: 89.6%, 0.5 C-rate:92.1%) and rate capabilities at various C-rates (0.1 C-rate: 180.1mA h g–1, 1 C-rate: 130.9 mA h g–1, 5 C-rate: 96.2 mA h g–1), which were achieveddue to the Li supporting structural stabilization by introductioninto the transition metal layer. By contrast, the electrode performanceof the lithium-free Na[Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5]O2cathode was inferior because of structural disintegrationpresumably resulting from Fe3+migration from the transitionmetal layer to the Na layer during cycling. The long-term cyclingusing a full cell consisting of a Na[Li0.05(Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5)0.95]O2cathodewas coupled with a hard carbon anode which exhibited promising cyclingdata including a 76% capacity retention over 200 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article "Ultra-Long and Rapid Operating Sodium Metal Batteries Enabled by Multifunctional Polarizable Interface Stabilizer," the authors explore the use of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) as an electrolyte additive in sodium metal batteries. They demonstrate that VP molecules can flatten the surface of the battery, control the growth direction of sodium deposition, and strengthen the solid electrolyte interface layer. This results in improved cycle performance, even under high current density operation. The findings suggest the potential for achieving ultra-long and rapid operation in sodium metal batteries. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) are being used extensively in a wide range of applications owing to the facile preparation technology as well as a high energy density, which exceeds those of other commercial batteries. However, LIBs alone cannot satisfy the burgeoning energy demand due to Li‐resource constraints. Recently, K‐ion batteries (KIBs) have garnered the interest of the scientific community as promising alternatives for LIBs due to the abundance of K resources, the affordability of K, and its superior electrochemical properties. However, the development of KIBs is hindered by the slow development of appropriate anode materials that can accommodate the repeated intercalation/deintercalation of large K ions without sustaining significant structural damage. Thus, the development of appropriate anode materials is crucial for the realization of practically viable KIBs. Carbon nanomaterials are promising anode materials due to their remarkable potassiation/depotassiation ability, structural stability, and structural evolution from zero to three dimensions. It is anticipated that an evaluation of the recent advances in carbon and their composites anode materials for KIBs can facilitate the development of practically viable KIBs. This review comprehensively discusses recent developments in carbonaceous and their composites as anode materials for KIBs and provides a prospective for the next research step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel sulfurized carbon decorated by terephthalic acid (TPA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), with unprecedently high tap density (≈1.02 g cm−3), is investigated. Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur batteries offer high energy density; however, the dissolution of the polysulfide is a major factor hindering their commercialization. This dissolution problem can be tolerated by inhibiting the formation of polysulfide through binding sulfur to the carbon structure of PAN. Low sulfur content and low volumetric energy density in the composite are other drawbacks to be resolved. Heat‐treated TPA induces a high‐density carbonaceous material with high conductivity. This TPA is partly replaced by PAN, and the produced carbon and sulfur are composited with dehydrated polyacrylonitrile (CS–DPAN), which exhibits higher conductivity and surface area than the sulfurized dehydrated polyacrylonitrile (S–DPAN). The CS–DPAN composite electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, and the resulting volumetric capacity is also superior to that of the S–DPAN material electrode. Operando Raman and operando X‐ray diffraction analyses confirm that the increased capacity is realized via the avoidance of parasitic C60Na3 formation formed below 1 V, by adjusting the operation voltage range. This finding demonstrates the feasibility of carbon–sulfur composites as a high‐energy electrode material for rechargeable sodium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–sulfur batteries (MSBs) provide high specific capacity due to the reversible redox mechanism based on conversion reaction that makes this battery a more promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage systems. Recently, along with elemental sulfur (S8), sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN), in which active sulfur moieties are covalently bounded to carbon backbone, has received significant attention as an electrode material. Importantly, SPAN can serve as a universal cathode with minimized metal–polysulfide dissolution because sulfur is immobilized through covalent bonding at the carbon backbone. Considering these unique structural features, SPAN represents a new approach beyond elemental S8 for MSBs. However, the development of SPAN electrodes is in its infancy stage compared to conventional S8 cathodes because several issues such as chemical structure, attached sulfur chain lengths, and over‐capacity in the first cycle remain unresolved. In addition, physical, chemical, or specific treatments are required for tuning intrinsic properties such as sulfur loading, porosity, and conductivity, which have a pivotal role in improving battery performance. This review discusses the fundamental and technological discussions on SPAN synthesis, physicochemical properties, and electrochemical performance in MSBs. Further, the essential guidance will provide research directions on SPAN electrodes for potential and industrial applications of MSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese (Mn)‐based cathode materials have garnered huge research interest for rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) due to the abundance and low cost of manganese and the plentiful advantages of manganese oxides including their different structures, wide range of phases, and various stoichiometries. A novel in situ generated Mn‐deficient ZnMn2O4@C (Mn‐d‐ZMO@C) nanoarchitecture cathode material from self‐assembly of ZnO‐MnO@C for rechargeable AZIBs is reported. Analytical techniques confirm the porous and crystalline structure of ZnO‐MnO@C and the in situ growth of Mn deficient ZnMn2O4@C. The Zn/Mn‐d‐ZMO@C cell displays a promising capacity of 194 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 with 84% of capacity retained after 2000 cycles (at 3000 mA g−1 rate). The improved performance of this cathode originates from in situ orientation, porosity, and carbon coating. Additionally, first‐principles calculations confirm the high electronic conductivity of Mn‐d‐ZMO@C cathode. Importantly, a good capacity retention (86%) is obtained with a year‐old cell (after 150 cycles) at 100 mA g−1 current density. This study, therefore, indicates that the in situ grown Mn‐d‐ZMO@C nanoarchitecture cathode is a promising material to prepare a durable AZIB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium ion batteries (KIBs) are attracting great attention as an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries due to lower cost and better global sustainability of potassium. However, designing electrolytes compatible with the graphite anode and addressing the safety issue of highly active potassium remains challenging. Herein, a new concept of using additives to engineer non‐flammable electrolytes for safer KIBs is introduced. It is discovered that the additives, such as the ethylene sulfate (i.e., DTD), can make the electrolyte of 1.0 m potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide in trimethyl phosphate compatible with graphite anode for the first time, without the need of concentrated electrolyte strategies. A new coordination mechanism of additives in the electrolyte is presented. It is shown that the additive can change the K+ solvation structure and then determine the interfacial behaviors of K+‐solvent on electrode interface, which are critical to affect the graphite performance (i.e., K+‐solvent co‐insertion, or K+ (de‐)intercalation). Then, an extremely high potassium storage capability is obtained in graphite electrode for potassium (ion) batteries, particularly the presented high‐performance graphite|K0.69CrO2 full battery fully demonstrates the practical application of this newly designed electrolyte. This additive‐based strategy can offer more opportunities to tune the electrolyte properties and then serve for the more mobile ion battery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered potassium manganese oxides (K x MnO 2) have been widely investigated as potential cathode materials for K-ion batteries owing to their high capacity and low material cost. However, the K x MnO 2 cathodes generally suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life due to Mn dissolution into the electrolyte triggered by acidic HF corrosion and structural stress at the particle surface during cycling. In this study, we introduce an efficient strategy to stabilize the aggressive chemistry between the organic electrolyte solution and the P′3-type K 0 · 6 MnO 2 (KMO) cathode surface through fluorine treatment. KF-coated P′3-type K 0.6 MnO 1.97 F 0.03 (KMOF-7) is prepared by introducing 7 mol% of ammonium fluoride (NH 4 F) during a pyro-synthesis of K 0 · 6 MnO 2. The partial substitution of F to oxygen atom narrows the interlayer spacing, which helps to reduce the insertion of electrolyte molecules into the crystal structure; meanwhile, the formation of KF coating layer on the cathode surface can suppress the Mn dissolution by protecting KMOF-7 from reacting with HF in the electrolyte solution during charge–discharge processes. This strategy can relieve the structural stress and stabilize the interfacial stability of KMOF-7, thereby, facilitating K+ transportation and depress the charge transfer resistance upon cycling. The KMOF-7 cathode demonstrates the significantly improved cycling stability and power capability compared to KMO. [Display omitted] • Simple NH 4 F treatment enhances the structural and interfacial stability of K 0 · 6 MnO 2. • The partial substitution of F to O atom enhances the structural stability of cathode. • The KF coating layer on the cathode surface can suppress the Mn dissolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical Review on Internal and External Battery Thermal Management Systems for Fast Charging Applications (Adv. Keywords: cooling systems; fast charging; rechargeable batteries; thermal management systems; thermal runaway EN cooling systems fast charging rechargeable batteries thermal management systems thermal runaway 1 1 1 03/21/23 20230317 NES 230317 B Battery Thermal Management Systems b In article number 2202944, Amrit Kumar Thakur, Jaekook Kim, Jang-Yeon Hwang and co-workers summarize the latest technologies in battery thermal management systems (BTMS) and discuss how to design an appropriate temperature environment to achieve safe battery performance during fast charging. Cooling systems, fast charging, rechargeable batteries, thermal management systems, thermal runaway. [Extracted from the article]

Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) are the most dependable energy storage devices (ESDs) due to their tremendous safety and cost-efficiency. The recent invention of the usage of extremely cheaper and high-capacity metallic Mn to construct aqueous manganese ion batteries (AMIBs) shows great promise for the eco-friendly society. However, AMIBs are still in the early stages and their practical utilities need significant achievements on the Mn2+ storing modules. This study demonstrates the competence of a layered-type LiV 3 O 8 (LVO) as cathode material for AMIBs and its reversible electrochemical storage properties of Mn2+ ions. The preliminary electrochemical results (65 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 with 88% capacity retention after 9990 cycles and 45 mAh g−1 at 6 A g−1 with 85% capacity retention after 30,000 cycles) are highly encouraging that the layered type materials are the first-choice cathode for AMIBs. • The Mn2+-(de)intercalation storage properties of LiV 3 O 8 cathode is verified. • Mn(ClO 4) 2.xH 2 O.n(OH) y is observed as an electrolyte by-product. • The cycle life failure issues of Mn/LiV 3 O 8 full cell are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The PPy-coated Na 1.1 V 3 O 7.9 particles are prepared via microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. • The PPy-coated Na 1.1 V 3 O 7.9 particles are used for Zn-ion battery cathode applications. • The PPy coating enhances electronic conductivity and promotes high ionic diffusion. • The PPy-coated NVO cathode demonstrates enhanced electrochemical properties. The exploration of advanced cathode materials for aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is currently a major research topic. In this study, we propose the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy)-coated Na 1.1 V 3 O 7.9 (P-NVO) nanorods for the first time as a high-energy and high-power cathode material for ZIBs. The highly conductive PPy surface-coating layer is significant to enhance the electronic conductivity and Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, leading to utilize the V3+/V4+/V5+ multiple redox reactions of the NVO cathode in ZIBs. Compared to the NVO cathode, therefore, the P-NVO cathode offers higher discharge capacity, power capability and cycling stability; in particular, PPy coating triggers the full theoretical capacity of the NVO cathode (527 mAh g−1 with ∼ 3 mol Zn insertion per formula unit) and directly reflects a superior energy density of 408 Wh kg−1. Even at a high current density of 6000 mA g−1, the P-NVO cathode shows unprecedented cycling stability over 1100 cycles without capacity loss. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, cyclic voltammetry, in situ X-ray diffraction, and ex situ X-ray absorption near edge structure analyses are combined to verify the superior Zn storage mechanism of the P-NVO cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In article number 2101123 by Yang-Kook Sun, Jaekook Kim, Jang-Yeon Hwang, and co-workers, a new class of sulfur cathodes, sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) are summarized, in which active sulfur moieties are covalently bounded to carbon backbone. In particular, this review provides the multiscale understanding of the SPAN cathode in metal-sulfur batteries including the scientific and technological discussions. B Advanced Cathode for Metal-Sulfur Batteries b Metal-sulfur batteries have shown high potential because of their high-energy density and low-cost. [Extracted from the article]

Solar energy based desalination using solar still is considered as the low-cost efficient method for achieving clean water and the condensation behavior of the still glass cover plays an important role in augmenting the yield. This study aims to improve the water yield and thermal performance of solar still by changing the glass cover wettability using nano-silicon coating through spray technique. Transmission Electron Microscopy image revealed that silicon particles are interconnected and creates a nano-network like structure, whereas the surface area of 45.37 m2/g was exhibited by silicon, signifying its mesoporosity nature. The results showed that the silicon coating changed the condensation behavior of glass cover from film-wise to drop-wise, which augmented the water yield of coated glass solar still by 15.6% as compared to bare glass solar still. Coating durability and ageing analyses revealed marginal reduction in performance and water contact angle of coated solar still even after 100 working days, signifying the durability of coating. The evaporation efficiency of coated glass solar still was 3.6% higher than the bare glass still, owing to the higher heat transfer achieved through drop-wise condensation. Cost analysis of coated solar still revealed freshwater cost per liter of 0.013 US $ with pay-back time of 88 days. Moreover, the water quality analysis of the desalinated water demonstrated excellent quality that is highly suitable for drinking purpose. It is concluded that low-cost and prolonged durability of nano-silicon coating would be highly beneficial in augmenting the overall performance of the solar desalination unit. • Wettability behavior of glass cover was changed using nano-silicon spray coating • TEM image showed that silicon is interconnected and creates nanonetwork structure • Water contact angle were 60° and 113° for bare and silicon-coated glass, respectively • Nano-silicon coating changed the condensation behavior from film-wise to drop-wise • Drop-wise condensation increased water yield of SS by 15.6%, than bare glass SS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chromium is doped to improve Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 electrochemical behavior by pyro synthesis. • Self-carbon coating and nano sized particles are gained through this facile technique. • Optimized Na 3 V 1.6 Cr 0.4 (PO 4) 3 cathode shows high capacity and good rate capability. • In situ analysis confirms the gradual phase change in chromium doped Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3. Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 (NVP) is characterized by a robust 3D structural framework and a high operating potential; these properties have enabled it to be widely studied as a stable and high-energy density cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In the present study, we designed a Na 3 V 1.6 Cr 0.4 (PO 4) 3 /C (NVCrP@C) cathode by implanting Cr into the crystal structure of NVP and simultaneously coating the surface of NVP with carbon for realizing high power density SIBs. The substitution of Cr to vanadium in the NVP structure significantly enhanced the structural stability of the electrode while the uniform and thin carbon layer improved the electrical conductivity. Interestingly, the NVCrP@C cathode showed high electrochemical activities with multiple V3+/4+/5+ redox reactions triggered by Cr3+ substitution in a wide voltage range (2.5–4.1 V). Consequently, the NVCrP@C cathode delivered excellent cycling stability over 500 cycles even at 15C-rate and power capability up to 70 C-rate. Results from the in-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray absorption near edge structure studies were combined to verify the detailed mechanism of the enhanced sodium storage in the NVCrP@C cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]