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Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) have become increasingly popular in civil engineering due to their combined benefits of steel and concrete. However, the adverse effects of freeze-thaw cycles on structural performance in colder climates have raised concerns about the long-term durability of CFST structures in these regions. This study investigates the axial compression behavior of square CFST stub columns after exposure to freeze-thaw cycles. The paper thoroughly reviews the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on CFST structures. Additionally, it proposes a freeze-thaw cycle test and an axial compression performance test for 54 square CFST stub columns, considering three parameters: the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the compressive strength of the concrete, and the wall thickness of the steel tube. The analysis focuses on the failure mode, load-deformation relationship, load-strain relationship, ultimate bearing capacity, and initial compressive stiffness of the specimens, all correlated with the effects of freeze-thaw cycles. Finally, the accuracy of AISC 360–16 and EC4 specifications in predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of square CFST stub columns subjected to freeze-thaw cycles is evaluated. • The bearing capacity of specimens decreased by over 30% after undergoing freeze-thaw cycles. • The adverse effect of freeze-thaw cycles on strength intensifies progressively with an increasing number of cycles. • The variation in ductility of specimens after freeze-thaw cycles is less than 10%. • Both AISC 360–16 and EC4 provide conservative predictions of the ultimate bearing capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduction of the wear rate and friction coefficient of composites simultaneously has a great challenge. Herein, a unique phase change microcapsule is designed with n-docosane as the core, TiO 2 coated with sodium alginate as the shell, as well as surface-decorated Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets. In this microcapsule system, n-docosane absorbs part of the frictional heat via solid-liquid phase change and releases it continuously to achieve self-lubrication. The TiO 2 shell possesses excellent load-bearing capacity and Ti 3 C 2 T x is susceptible to interlayer slip, which reduces the friction and wear of fabric composites. The results indicate that an average wear rate and friction coefficient of fabric composites are decreased by 60.85 % and 11.83 % with the addition of microcapsules. A strong and continuous tribofilm is formed on the steel surface, and the tribofilm enhances the boundary lubrication of the steel counterpart. This paper is expected to provide a novel design thought for the application of core-shell structure in tribology. • The MXene decorated hierarchical phase change microcapsules are designed. • The phase change microcapsules exhibit excellent lubrication. • An average wear rate and friction coefficient of reinforced fabric composites are decreased by 60.85 % and 11.83 %. • The reinforced fabric composites generate strong tribofilm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we subjected the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus to environmentally-relevant concentrations of microplastics (MPs) and mercury (Hg) for three generations (F0–F2) to investigate their physiological and molecular responses. Hg accumulation and phenotypic traits were measured in each generation, with multi-omics analysis conducted in F2. The results showed that MPs insignificantly impacted the copepod's development and reproduction, however, which were significantly compromised by Hg exposure. Interestingly, MPs significantly increased Hg accumulation and consequently aggravated this metal toxicity in T. japonicus , demonstrating their carrier role. Multi-omics analysis indicated that Hg pollution produced numerous toxic events, e.g., induction of apoptosis, damage to cell/organ morphogenesis, and disordered energy metabolism, ultimately resulting in retarded development and decreased fecundity. Importantly, MPs enhanced Hg toxicity mainly via increased oxidative apoptosis, compromised cell/organ morphogenesis, and energy depletion. Additionally, phosphoproteomic analysis revealed extensive regulation of the above processes, and also impaired neuron activity under combined MPs and Hg exposure. These alterations adversely affected development and reproduction of T. japonicus. Overall, our findings should offer novel molecular insights into the response of T. japonicus to long-term exposure to MPs and Hg, with a particular emphasis on the carrier role of MPs on Hg toxicity. [Display omitted] • Copepod's multigenerational exposure to MPs and Hg was performed. • MPs insignificantly impacted the copepod's development and reproduction. • MPs increased Hg toxicity to the growth/reproduction in copepods. • Hg-induced compromised traits were linked to energy depletion and high apoptosis. • MPs enhanced Hg toxicity by high oxidative apoptosis and impaired neuron activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalized ligands mediate the microenvironment of Pd@UiO-66-X catalysts and their catalytic performance by regulating the electronic properties of the Pd metal and altering the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity surrounding the Pd metal. [Display omitted] • Functionalized ligands regulate the electronic properties of the Pd metal. • Functionalized ligands alter the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity surrounding the Pd metal. • The >C 4 alcohols yield of up to 47.7% is the highest reported to date. The upgrading of ethanol to produce n-butanol and other >C 4 alcohols is a promising reaction. However, the development of efficient catalysts for this reaction has been slow. In this study, we prepared a series of Pd@UiO-66-X catalysts using ligands functionalized with electron-donating groups (–NH 2 and –CH 3) and electron-accepting groups (–H and –NO 2). These functional groups play two roles in mediating the microenvironment of the Pd metal. Firstly, they regulate the electronic properties of the Pd metal, and secondly, they alter the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity surrounding the Pd metal. The intrinsic electronic properties of the Pd metal significantly influence ethanol conversion, while the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity surrounding the Pd metal is an extrinsic factor. As a result, the Pd@UiO-66-CH 3 catalyst with a hydrophobic microenvironment around the electron-rich Pd metal exhibits the highest ethanol conversion and n-butanol yield among all the Pd@UiO-66-X catalysts. It also achieves an impressive >C 4 alcohols yield of up to 47.7 %, which is the highest reported to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene has tremendous potential for enhancing thermal and tribological properties of fabric composites. Yet, its susceptibility to stacking and weak interfacial adhesion in organic matrix impedes practical application. Herein, MXene-h-BN hybrids were successfully achieved utilizing facile thiol-ene click reaction to introduce hexagonal boron nitride onto the surface of MXene to construct unique hierarchical structure. h-BN is grafted onto MXene through covalent bonding, effectively boosting interfacial adhesion and dispersion in the resin matrix. The layered MXene-h-BN possesses good lubrication behavior, and h-BN can increase strength and thermal conductivity of the MXene support skeleton. The results demonstrate that the thermal conductivity, tensile and bonding strength of reinforced fabric composites are elevated by 43.28%, 34.25% and 43.75% compared with pure fabric composites, respectively. Additionally, the wear rate of reinforced fabric composites is significantly decreased by 63.44%. This paper will contribute a novel and prospective reinforcement design strategy for click reaction constructed nano-materials in tribology. • h-BN was efficiently and promptly grafted onto the surface of MXene through the thiol-ene click reaction. • The structure of 3D point plane network was constructed. • The thermal conductivity, tensile and bonding strength of fabric composites are enhanced by 43.28%, 34.25% and 43.75%. • The reinforced fabric composites create robust tribofilm and wear rate is reduced by 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A special "hard‐soft" MXene/Halloysite nanotube (HNTs)/ poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) structure was constructed to improve the interfacial and tribological performances of fabric liner (FL) materials. Thereinto, the MXene/HNTs coating were successfully grafted onto fabric surface by electrostatic self‐assembly strategy, and a novel PAMAM dendrimer polymer terminated by amino groups was prepared via condensation reaction. The mechanical and tribological performances of MXene/HNTs/PAMAM@FL as well as wear mechanism were systematically evaluated. Specifically, the incorporation of MXene/HNTs/PAMAM coating enhanced the bonding strength by 62.4%, and declined the wear rate by 27.7% in comparison with pure FL. The splendid performance was ascribed to the synergistic effect of "soft" toughening PAMAM polymer and "hard" lubricating MXene/HNTs hybrids. The introduction of MXene/HNTs hybrids could enhance mechanical interlocking and bearing capacity. Then PAMAM polymer ameliorated interfacial adhesion and compatibility with resin via forming chemical bonds, which further reducing stress concentration through increased crack deflections due to the steric hindrance. Highlights: MXene/HNTs/PAMAM coating was prepared via electrostatic self‐assembly and condensation reaction.Interfacial adhesion of fabric liner achieved effective promotion.High‐quality tribofilm was constructed by the synergistic enhancement effect between MXene/HNTs particles and PAMAM polymer.The tribo‐chemical reactions participate in improving the lubricity and durability of tribofilm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high-performance fabric composites with comprehensive properties is of paramount importance to broaden their application areas. In this work, a novel technique was studied to enhance interfacial adhesion via the adsorption of the complex amphiphilic biopolymer protein onto the surface of PPS/PTFE fabrics. Additionally, WS 2 @Ti 3 C 2 nanohybrids with heterostructures were synthesized, and the distinctive hierarchical microstructure facilitated the multiple reinforcement of the fabric composites. The results suggest that the decoration of BSA offers reaction sites with the phenolic resin and enhances the interfacial performance. Compared to the pure hybrid fabric composites, the tensile and bonding strength of the reinforced hybrid fabric composites are increased by 35.91% and 68.51%. Moreover, the wear rate of the reinforced hybrid fabric composites is decreased by 59.3%. [Display omitted] • The WS 2 @Ti 3 C 2 nanohybrids with heterostructures were synthesized. • The complex amphiphilic biopolymer protein BSA adsorbed onto the surface of fabrics, which enhanced interfacial adhesion. • The tensile and bonding strength of the reinforced hybrid fabric composites increased by 35.91% and 68.51%. • The wear rate of the reinforced hybrid fabric composites was decreased by 59.3%. • The synergistic effects of bioprotein decoration and WS 2 @Ti 3 C 2 could create robust tribofilm on the steel counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the development of high-performance fabric composites has attracted widespread interest, but the frictional heat accumulation of fabric composites under high-speed has resulted in frictional failure, which has hindered the application of fabric composites. To remedy this deficiency, inspired by multilayer structure of fish scales, biomimetic MXene derivative DOPO-HQ-IPTS@Ti 3 C 2 T x was manufactured in situ, which boosted interfacial compatibility with MXene and provided remarkable enhancement in terms of mechanical performances and tribological properties of fabric composites. The tensile strength of reinforced fabric composites is enlarged by 45%. In addition, the wear rate of the reinforced fabric composites is reduced by 77%. Hence, the biomimetic nanomaterial DOPO-HQ-IPTS@Ti 3 C 2 T x offers a simple and dependable method for obtaining fabric composites with superior overall properties. [Display omitted] • The plywood-like biomimetic MXene derivatives (DOPO-HQ-IPTS@Ti 3 C 2 T x) were successfully fabricated. • The scale-spine like DOPO-HQ-IPTS was embedded on Ti 3 C 2 T x , which boosted the compatibility of Ti 3 C 2 T x. • The tensile strength of the reinforced fabric composites was enlarged by 45% compared to the pure fabric composites. • The wear rate of the reinforced fabric composites was reduced by 77%. • The incorporation of DOPO-HQ-IPTS@Ti 3 C 2 T x could create a homogeneous and firm tribofilm on the steel counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high strength of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber subserves the potential application of PPS fabric composites in the field of tribology, but its interfacial adhesion restricts tribological properties. In this research, the 3-(2, 3-epoxy propoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane (KH560) was used to construct a micro-interface on the surface of the fabric, which can significantly enhance the surface roughness and functional groups. Furthermore, the incorporation of Alpha-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP), a two-dimensional material with excellent thermal stability and chemical resistance, contributed to ameliorate thermal properties of the fabric composites. The results show that the bonding and tensile strength of the modified fabric composites are increased by 32.6% and 35.8%, respectively. More importantly, the wear rate of the modified fabric composites is reduced by 58.5% compared with the original fabric composites. [Display omitted] • Synergism reinforced PPS fabric composites are acquired by splicing KH560 onto the fabric surface and incorporating laminar α-ZrP. • The attachment of KH560 to the fiber surface results in an improvement in fiber roughness and surface reactive groups. • the application of α-ZrP augments the load-bearing capacity and thermal stability of the composites. • α-ZrP and silane coupling agent have significantly enhanced tribological and mechanical properties of PPS fabric composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu‐based catalysts have been widely used in ethanol upgrading to value‐added chemicals, however the selectivity towards target products is still not satisfactory due to the complexity of reaction network. Herein, we take the ethanol conversion to n‐butanol as an example, and demonstrate that there are relationships of the ethanol conversion, the selectivity of n‐butanol and ethyl acetate, and the rate of n‐butanol formation with the ratios of the surface area of Cu0 and Cu+. Both Cu0 and Cu+ are involved in the formation of ethyl acetate, and the ratio is indicative of the catalytic performance, being the higher the ratio, the higher activity of ethanol conversion to n‐butanol but lower selectivity towards ethyl acetate. This work will help develop more efficient and selective catalysts for ethanol upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

eIF3, whose subunits are frequently overexpressed in cancer, regulates mRNA translation from initiation to termination, but mRNA‐selective functions of individual subunits remain poorly defined. Using multiomic profiling upon acute depletion of eIF3 subunits, we observed that while eIF3a, b, e, and f markedly differed in their impact on eIF3 holo‐complex formation and translation, they were each required for cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Remarkably, eIF3k showed the opposite pattern with depletion promoting global translation, cell proliferation, tumor growth, and stress resistance through repressing the synthesis of ribosomal proteins, especially RPS15A. Whereas ectopic expression of RPS15A mimicked the anabolic effects of eIF3k depletion, disruption of eIF3 binding to the 5′‐UTR of RSP15A mRNA negated them. eIF3k and eIF3l are selectively downregulated in response to endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Supported by mathematical modeling, our data uncover eIF3k‐l as a mRNA‐specific module which, through controlling RPS15A translation, serves as a rheostat of ribosome content, possibly to secure spare translational capacity that can be mobilized during stress. Are there mRNA‐selective functions of individual eIF3 subunits? Here, multiomic profiling upon acute depletion of eIF3 subunits uncovers eIF3k‐l as an mRNA‐specific module that serves as a rheostat of ribosome content, securing spare translational capacity that can be mobilized during stress. Acute depletion of eIF3 subunits has subunit‐selective impact on holo‐eIF3 architecture.eIF3k depletion uniquely causes increased tumor growth and ribosome content.eIF3k depletion boosts the translation of RPS15A mRNA through an eIF3‐binding site in the 5′‐UTR.eIF3k and eIF3l are selectively downregulated by cellular stress, thus promoting cell survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabric composite materials face significant challenges in maintaining excellent tribological properties at high temperatures. This study employed photodeposition to deposit gold (Au) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles on the surface of titanium dioxide-coated jojoba oil microcapsules (TiO 2 @jojoba), yielding micro-nanostructured Au-TiO 2 @jojoba and Cu-TiO 2 @jojoba microcapsules. Subsequently, microcapsules participated in the in-situ polymerization of polyimide (PI), serving as crosslinking points in PEEK/PTFE fabric-reinforced composites. PEEK/PTFE-Au composites containing Au-TiO 2 @jojoba microcapsules exhibited outstanding tribological and mechanical properties. Compared to microcapsule-free samples, PEEK/PTFE-Au composites showed a 30.26 % reduction in friction coefficient at 250 °C and a 24.28 % increase in tensile strength. In addition, mechanistic studies indicated that TiO 2 underwent a friction chemical reaction converting to TiNF during friction accompanying by friction-induced phase transitions. The release of jojoba oil during friction and the occurrence of friction chemical reactions were the main friction reduction mechanisms of PEEK/PTFE-Au composites at high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

∆Np63α is a key transcription factor overexpressed in types of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which represses epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration. In this study, we found that CDK1 phosphorylates ∆Np63α at the T123 site, impairing its affinity to the target promoters of its downstream genes and its regulation of them in turn. Database analysis revealed that CDK1 is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), especially the metastatic HNSCCs, and is negatively correlated with overall survival. We further found that CDK1 promotes the EMT and migration of HNSCC cells by inhibiting ∆Np63α. Altogether, our study identified CDK1 as a novel regulator of ΔNp63α, which can modulate EMT and cell migration in HNSCCs. Our findings will help to elucidate the migration mechanism of HNSCC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RATIONALE α-Amino phosphonates with intrinsic biological activities have been used in a wide variety of applications. Because of the widespread existence of natural organophosphorus compounds containing P-C bonds such as the α-amino phosphonates, it is important to investigate the gas-phase chemistry of P-C bonds in order to determine their basic properties, which might provide some insights into their biosynthesis and catalytic cleavage. METHODS Twenty α-amino phosphonates were successfully synthesized and their fragmentation behavior was systematically investigated using in-solution deuterium labeling in combination with high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The fragmentation pathways of twenty α-amino phosphonates with different chemical structures were systematically studied. In general, P-C bonds could be easily cleaved via a novel intramolecular hydrogen atom migration from the amino group to the phosphoryl group through a five-membered-ring intermediate in the gas phase. A possible mechanism of the rearrangement of α-amino phosphonates is proposed. CONCLUSIONS An interesting intramolecular hydrogen atom migration between the amino and phosphoryl groups was observed with cleavage of the P-C bond in the molecule through a five-membered-ring intermediate. This characteristic fragmentation pathway not only provides some insights into the basic chemistry of compounds with P-C bonds, but could also have some applications in the structural determination of the α-amino phosphonate analogues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable common content knowledge (CCK) instrument for pre-service teachers who teach fundamental tennis in secondary schools. The instrument, called the tennis CCK test for pre-service teachers (CCK-Tennis), was administered to 117 undergraduate students who were enrolled in physical education (PE) teacher education programmes at three universities in the United States. Two tennis content experts developed the CCK-Tennis and five in-service teachers reviewed the test to establish content validity. A total of 10 pre-service teachers took the test for pilot testing. The data were analysed using Rasch statistics (Linacre, 2011; Rasch, 1980). The authors judged the unidimensionality of the CCK-Tennis using the unexplained variance in the first contrast (2.59) and the standardized residual contrast one plot (-0.4 to 0.4). These data provided evidence that the test is unidimensional and measures tennis CCK. The results of infit (0.8 to 1.2) and outfit (0.5 to 1.5) mean square residuals showed that the difficulty of the questions matches respondents' knowledge levels. The item (5.32, Cronbach's α = 0.97) and person (1.71, Cronbach's α = 0.72) separation index and the Wright map showed that there are low to high knowledge levels of the respondents who took the test. The results illustrate that the CCK-Tennis is a robust, valid, and reliable tool that people can use in teacher education. Having valid and reliable measures for CCK is an essential step to improve teachers' instructional effectiveness from the area of content knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PEEK fabric-reinforced polyimide resin containing microcapsules with excellent mechanical and lubrication properties is reported. The GO-COOH/TiO 2 @PAO double-wall microcapsules (Capsule) were prepared by interfacial condensation polymerization of titanium butoxide (TBT) and self-assembly between GO-COOH and TiO 2 shell. A double crosslink of chemical bond (amide or ester) and hydrogen bond were constructed between microcapsules and polyimide (PI) to improve the mechanical properties of PEEK fabric-reinforced polyimide resin (PEEK/PI). It was identified that the addition of Capsules induced a 12.98% decrease in friction coefficient and 56.85% in the wear rate of the composites. This superior frictional behavior was primarily attributed to the combined effect of the boundary lubrication of PAO6, load-bearing effect of TiO 2 and PEEK fabric, and friction-reducing of GO-COOH. • Developed a novel containing oil microcapsules applied in lubrication. • The chemical bond and hydrogen bond was constructed between microcapsules and polyimide. • The microcapsules demonstrate good lubrication. • Regular fluctuations were observed in the friction curve of the samples containing microcapsules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenylate kinase 6 (AK6), a nucleus localized phosphotransferase in mammalians, shows ubiquitously expression and broad substrate activity in different tissues and cell types. Although the function of AK6 has been extensively studied in different cancer cell lines, its role in mammalian germline is still unknown. Here we showed that knockdown of AK6 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis in human testicular carcinoma (NT2 cells). Co-immunoprecipitation experiment and in vitro pull down assay identified WNK1 (with no lysine kinase-1) as one of the AK6 interacting proteins in NT2 cells. Moreover, we found that AK6 regulates the phosphorylation states of WNK1 (Thr60) and affects phosphorylation level of Akt (Ser473) upon hypotonic condition, probably affecting chloride channel and regulating ion transport and homeostasis in NT2 cells and consequently contributing to the decreased cell proliferation rate. In conclusion, AK6 regulates WNK1 phosphorylation states and affects ion homeostasis in NT2 cells. These findings provide new insights into the function of AK6 and WNK1 in human testicular carcinoma. This work also provides foundation for further mechanism study of AK6 in spermatogenesis. • Depletion of AK6 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in NT2 cells. • AK6 interacts with N terminal of WNK1 and regulates its phosphorylation states. • AK6 mediates Akt/WNK1 signaling pathway and regulates ion homeostasis in NT2 cells. • Chloride channel CLC-3 is responsible for ion transport in NT2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of nanoparticles' biocompatibility and immunogenicity is mostly performed under a healthy condition. However, more clinically relevant evaluation conducted under pathological condition is less known. Here, the immunogenicity and bio–nano interactions of porous silicon nanoparticles (PSi NPs) are evaluated in an acute liver inflammation mice model. Interestingly, a new mechanism in which PSi NPs can remit the hepatocellular damage and inflammation activation in a surface dependent manner through protein corona formation, which perturbs the inflammation by capturing the pro‐inflammatory signaling proteins that are inordinately excreted or exposed under pathological condition, is found. This signal sequestration further attenuates the nuclear factor κB pathway activation and cytokines production from macrophages. Hence, the study proposes a potential mechanism for elucidating the altered immunogenicity of nanomaterials under pathological conditions, which might further offer insights to establish harmonized standards for assessing the biosafety of biomaterials in a disease‐specific or personalized manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ethanol‐to‐Butadiene (ETB) process is experiencing a renaissance with the increasing shortage of petroleum‐based resources, however, the development of active catalysts for this process still remains sluggish due to the lack of fundamental understanding of the properties of catalysts, especially acidity and basicity. We present here that individual reaction step in the ETB process requires specific acid or/and basic sites with different strengths and densities. Weak acid and moderate basic sites are beneficial for ethanol dehydrogenation, while moderate basic sites with optimal strength are also active for condensation and Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley‐Oppenauer (MPVO) reactions. In contrast, moderate and strong acid sites cause the ethanol dehydration, lowering the selectivity towards 1,3‐butadiene (BD) production. Moreover, the selectivity and yield of BD are more dependent on the properties of sites for both condensation and MPVO reactions than for dehydrogenation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, novel MXene nanosheet/Ag nanoparticles-polydopamine (PDA) hybrid nanostructured films were successfully produced and applied as interface layer for developing advanced Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Polyimide (PI) fabric liners. The hybrid Ag/MXene-PDA layer uniformly deposited onto the fabric surface and interacted with resin matrix via physical locking and chemical bonding simultaneously, showing increments of 15.4 % and 56.8 % in tensile and interfacial bonding properties, respectively. Meanwhile, the thermal stability and heat conduction of fabric liners with the incorporation of hybrid layer presented effective enhancement due to the physical barrier and conduction channel. Furthermore, the abrasion resistance and lubrication properties of the fabric liners were also evidently enhanced after introducing the Ag/MXene interface phase, which could be attributed to the improved interfacial adhesion and formed high-quality tribofilm. This study proved the superiority of binary Ag/MXene films as interface layer, and provided the guidance for the structural design of fabric liners with excellent mechanical and tribological performances. [Display omitted] • Dopamine rapidly polymerized on fabric surface via CuSO 4 /H 2 O 2 system. • Interfacial adhesion of fabric liner achieved effective promotion by introducing hybrid Ag/MXene-PDA transition layer. • High-quality tribofilm was constructed by the synergistic enhancement effect between MXene and Ag nanoparticles. • Tribological performance of fabric liner were also evidently enhanced after interfacial modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have tried to encapsulate various lubricants with kinds of inorganic shell materials forming lubricant microcapsules. In this work, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have been employed as nanocontainers for loading ionic liquid (IL) of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIm]PF 6). To improve the uptake of [BMIm]PF 6 , the lumen is functionalized with sodium laurate (NaL) by electrostatic attractive forces. Besides, a polydopamine (PDA) layer uses as end-stopper to prevent IL premature release. Finally, the obtained PDA-capped [BMIm]PF 6 @halloysite/NaL microcapsules are incorporated into phenolic resin based PBO/PTFE textile composite liner. Results demonstrate that the wear rate decrease from 0.96 × 10−14 m3/(N•m) to 0.51 × 10−14 m3/(N•m) compared with pure composites owing to the robust tribofilm constructed on pin surface. • [BMIm]PF 6 is loaded into the lumen of halloysite nanotubes forming microcapsule. • HNTs constrain the polymer-chain motion, bear and transfer the applied high-loading effectively. • Thermomechanical stress bring about complicated tribochemical reactions forming fluoride, phosphate and ferric oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel solvent-free nanofluids (NFs) are prepared by assembling the hybrid Ti 3 C 2 T x @SiCnws nanocores followed by grafting organosilane GPTES and polyether amine M2070. Then Ti 3 C 2 T x @SiCnws NFs are incorporated into the PI/PTFE fabric liners composites (FC) along with tannic acid-PEI (TP) interfacial modification while the tribological performance of FC is systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the tensile and interfacial strength of FC present effective growth resulting from tannic acid-PEI codeposition modification. Moreover, the addition of Ti 3 C 2 T x @SiCnws NFs further enhances the thermal and mechanical properties of FC due to steric hindrance and entanglement of interfacial molecular chain. The tribological results prove that the improved interfacial adhesion, thermal properties and formation of load-bearing tribofilms are essential for enhanced tribological behaviors of FC. [Display omitted] • Tannic acid-PEI co-deposition coating onto PI/PTFE fabric improves the interfacial adhesion between fabric and resin. • Ti 3 C 2 T X @SiCnws NFs are prepared by electrostatic assembly followed by attaching with organic shell. • Ti 3 C 2 T x @SiCnws NFs promote the lubrication property of FC effectively. • Synergistic effect between Ti 3 C 2 T x and SiCnws is recognized during friction procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile-resin composite liners play an important role in aerospace industry owing to the self-lubrication and reinforcement. Herein, PBO (poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) textile-phenolic resin composite liners reinforced with clay were prepared. Results indicated that the addition of kaolin and APL (attapulgite) have improved the wear-resistance of composites owing to the tribofilm and tribo-oxidatio layer (characterized by FIB-TEM). Clay is held together by van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. During rubbing process, clay were exposed, broken and exfoliated releasing plenty of active oxygen atoms and the Si–O dangling bonds, which was contributed to the occurrence of tribo-oxidatio. Besides, ribbon-like APL performed better behavior than kaolin due to the higher specific surface area, more easy exfoliation and rolling bearing effect. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, two dimensional hybrid materials have attracted immense attention in tribology field. However, kaolin shows potential value in catalysts and oil lubrication, and rarely in tribology of LC (liner composites). Herein, kaolin/Ag hybrids, in which mono-dispersed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were dotted on kaolin, were prepared via in-situ reduction. The tribological behaviors of kaolin/Ag hybrids-reinforced PBO(poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)/phenolic resin LC were evaluated. The results indicated that wear rate decreased but the friction coefficient slightly increased for sole kaolin filled PBO/phenolic resin LC. However, when kaolin/Ag hybrids were incorporated into PBO/phenolic resin LC, the wear rate and friction coefficient synchronously decreased. To understand the synergistic mechanism, worn surface morphology and a cross section of the tribofilm via FIB-TEM analyses are provided. [Display omitted] • Monodispersed AgNPs are dotted on the kaolin surface proposed kaolin/Ag hybrid via in-situ reduction reaction. • The exfoliated lamellar-kaolin spread over the sliding interface separating directly contact of friction pair. • Released AgNPs served as "nano-bearing" decrease the friction coefficient and improve thermal conductivity of liner. • Kaolin/Ag hybrid play synergistic effect in improving the tribological behavior of PBO/phenolic resin liner composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]