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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of additives containing organic acids, herbal extracts, and prebiotics to whole milk on the developmental performance and several faecal and blood parameters of Holstein calves during the suckling period. A total of 40 one-day-old Holstein calves were divided randomly categorized into two groups of 20 (10 males and 10 females). For the first three days, both groups were provided with five litres of colostrum daily. Starting from the fourth day, the first group (control) received whole milk, while the second group (NCA) was given milk with a commercial additive of 5 g/L of whole milk. The calves had access to starter feed and water ad libitum. Results indicated the body weight and red blood cell counts of calves in the NCA group showed a substantial increase during the first four weeks, while the occurrence of diarrhoea decreased, compared to the control group. However, no marked differences between the control and NCA groups in terms of intake of concentrate feed, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, levels of white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, aspartate aminotransferase, phosphorus, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, calcium, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, faecal levels, or days with diarrhoea were noted. Consequently, it was concluded that adding commercial additives to whole milk had a positive effect on the early development of the digestive system of calves, substantially increasing their body weight in the first four weeks of life and therefore making them more resistant to diseases in this critical period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal sonographic evaluation revealed large omphalocele probably with liver involvement. In rare cases of Trisomy 18 fetal concominant anencephaly and large omphalocele could be observed. [Extracted from the article]

Results The mean corpus callosum body height was 1.36 mm (min: 0.4-max: 2.2) in the study group, while the mean corpus callosum body height was 2.48 mm (min: 1.3-max: 4.5) in the control group. Arnold-Chiari type II is a specific type of neural tube defect in which the open neural tube at the level of the spinal cord alters brain development during early stages of pregnancy. In the study group, lateral ventricle diameter, MMC defect level, diameter of MMC defect and corpus callosum height were measured in fetal MRI. [Extracted from the article]

An abstract of the article "Which level of spinal defect delineated by fetal MRI has prognostic importance in Arnold Chiari Type II?" by S. Guven and others is presented.

An abstract of the article "Prenatal diagnosis of chromosome 46, XX,der(9)t4;9)(q31.1;p24) in fetus with transient isolated fetal pleural effusion." by A. Cansu and others is presented.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of amniotic fluid lamellar body count (LBC) on the timing of elective caesarean delivery (CS) at ≥ 39 weeks. After allocating the study group (group I, transient tachypnoea of newborn (TTN), n = 14), an age-matched control group (group II, no TTN, n = 79) was selected for amniotic fluid LBC analysis. The median amniotic fluid LBC levels in group I were significantly lower than in the control group. Furthermore, the median values of mean lamellar body volume, median lamellar body distribution width and lamellar bodycrit in group I were also significantly lower than in group II. The best amniotic fluid LBC value to predict TTN was 40.15 × 10(3)/μl, with 82.3% sensitivity and 64.3% specificity. The favourable sensitivity and specificity values to predict the TTN for amniotic fluid LBC may suggest using it as an elective caesarean delivery-time scheduling marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effects of topical testosterone and clobetasol treatments on symptoms remission and recurrence rates in patients with vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS).Methods: A retrospective review of the records showed that, of 140 patients with biopsy-proven vulvar LS, 80 were treated with applications of testosterone propionate 2% in petrolatum and 60 with clobetasol 17-propionate 0.05%.Results: The response rates after 6 months were 77.5% for patients treated with testosterone and 91.7% for those treated with clobetasol (P=0.02). The recurrence rates were 20% and 6.7% in the 2 groups, respectively (P=0.02). Premenopausal patients had higher remission rates and lower recurrence rates than postmenopausal patients (P>0.05). Considering whole patients, low remission rates and high recurrence rates were observed in patients who had had a hysterectomy (P>0.05).Conclusion: Treatment of LS with a corticosteroid provided excellent remission rates. In this study, clobetasol 17-propionate 0.05% was superior to testosterone for both remission induction and maintenance therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of coma due to carbamazepine ingestion with the intention of committing suicide at 33 weeks' gestation is presented. Management included activated charcoal administration and exchange plasmapheresis. A fetal non-stress test was non-reassuring but the Apgar score, cord blood gases and early neonatal outcome were normal. Differential diagnosis of coma in pregnancy should include investigation for drug intoxication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conclusions, this report presents further evidence that a novel mutation in the outosomal recessive CHRNA-1 gene plays a role in the etiology of LMPS. Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome (LMPS) is a very rare genetic syndrome affecting the skin and musculoskeletal system. VP16.01: Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome: a severe phenotype associated with a novel variant in the CHRNA-1 gene. [Extracted from the article]

Tanatophoric dysplasia (TD) is, rare, most lethal skeletal dysplasia. This case showed that although TD is a rare disease, an accurate diagnosis can be made by ultrasonography. Characteristics features include shortening of limbs, macrocephaly, and platyspondyly. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a case study of a 25-year-old nulligravid woman complaining with right flank pain, abdominal distension and pollakiuria. On physical examination, a palpable abdominal mass expanding to umbilicus from pelvis was discovered. Microscopic examination showed a Verocay body with Antoni type A and type B tissue, and the tumor was distinguished as a cystic degenerative schwannoma.

The article reports a case of a 24-year-old multiparous woman at 32 weeks' gestation presented with hemolysis, elevated enzyme level and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome and bilateral serous retinal detachment. The patient was treated with eye closure, bed rest and 40 mg i.v. dexamethasone. Moreover, the article mentioned that the case suggests that since pregnant women can experience several conditions related to the visual system, ocular examination in this population is essential.

This article focuses on the treatment of massive vulval oedema complicating pregnancy. Bilateral severe vulval oedema complicating pregnancy is unusual. To date only a few patients with massive vulval oedema in pregnancy have been reported. A 21-year-old nulliparous woman was referred to our hospital at 36 week 4 days gestation for further evaluation of severe anaemia, and thrombocytopenia. She complained of painful swelling of the vulva. The diagnosis was megaloblastic anaemia, probably the result of a deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B12 intake, and this was confirmed by biochemical low levels. There were no other symptoms of folate or vitamin B12 deficiency, such as glossitis or neurological symptoms. Oral folic acid supplementation 5 mg per day for 3 months and intramuscular vitamin B12 were given 1 mg per day for 1 week; followed by 1 mg every week for 4 weeks and then 1 mg every month. Fresh plasma was also given two units per day for the correction of hypoalbuminaemia, with resolution of oedema.

AIM: To analyse the effect of systemic inflammatory status in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) by calculating platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). METHODS: This retrospective case-control study included 200 patients with POAG, 22 patients with PACG and 100 healthy subjects. The participants' white-blood-cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts were recorded from previous blood assays. NLR and PLR were calculated manually. Results were compared among the groups. RESULTS: Both the POAG and PACG groups had higher platelet counts and PLR values than the control group (p=0.001 and p=0.001; respectively). The difference in NLR between POAG, PACG and control groups was not statistically significant (p=0.076). The POAG group had higher NLR values than the control (p=0.035). CONCLUSION: Both the POAG and the PACG groups exhibited higher platelet and PLR levels than the control. These results indicate a potential role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of POAG and PACG (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 35). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Outcome of the patients with late second trimester isolated oligohydramnios and echogenic bowel without evidence of premature rupture membranes," by S. Guven and colleagues is presented.

Presents a medical case of a 67-year old pregnant woman with a protruding mass on the left labium majus. Indication of her medical history with excision of a vulval leiomyoma, hypertension and surgical repair of ruptured cerebral aneurysm; Observation of borderline fibrous histiocytoma in the referral center through vulval punch biopsy; Consideration of possible diagnosis of vulval carcinoma when undergoing local wide deep excision of vulval mass.

İmmunologic and infectious reasons are respectable causes for etiology of secondary mania. Varicella infection is known to stay in dorsal root cell through out life, predisposing norologic complications and psychiatric disorders by the aid of cellular immunity impair. 24 year old, male student admitted to psychiatry clinic for much talk, laughter, sleeplessness and consistently talk about a girl whom he fell in love but never met before. Widespread rash all over the body and high fever was remarkable in physical examination. Mania was diagnosed with score 16 of YMSR. Seventh day of treatment for mania and varicella infection his YMSR skore regressed 6, at third week, remission was achieved. Manic episode in this case was evaluated as a secondary in consequence of temporal relationship with varicella, lack of family history, rapid and good respond to treatment. İt is curious about emerging the affecitve symptoms through the possible activation of latent virus infection and represent the affective periode recurrence in later times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on abdominal wall endometriosis without previous surgery. It states that in abdominal wall endometriosis the chief symptom is usually a mass, which is painful, tender and changing in size in relation to the menstrual cycle. Ultrasonography is valuable in the diagnosis of abdominal wall endometriosis. Other causes of the symptoms should be excluded, including haematomas, lipomas, granulomas, primary and metastatic malignancies and lymphadenopathy. The preferred treatment in cases of abdominal endometriosis is total excision of the mass. If there is assumed or proven pelvic endometriosis hormonal therapy such as oral contraceptives, Danazol or GnRH analogues can be added to surgical treatment.

Intestinal transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with short bowel syndrome and small bowel insufficiencies. We evaluated epithelial chimerism after infusion of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) in patients undergoing cadaveric donor isolated intestinal transplantation (I-ITx). BMSCs were isolated from patients' bone marrow via iliac puncture and expanded in vitro prior to infusion. Two out of the 3 patients were infused with autologous BMSCs, and small intestine tissue biopsies collected post-operatively were analyzed for epithelial chimerism using XY fluorescent in situ hybridization and short tandem repeat polymerase chain reaction. We observed epithelial chimeric effect in conditions both with and without BMSC infusion. Although our results suggest a higher epithelial chimerism effect with autologous BMSC infusion in I-ITx, the measurements in multiple biopsies at different time points that demonstrate the reproducibility of this finding and its stability or changes in the level over time would be beneficial. These approaches may have potential implications for improved graft survival, lower immunosuppressant doses, superior engraftment of the transplanted tissue, and higher success rates in I-ITx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to vasodilatation that is observed during normal pregnancy. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is a vascular risk factor associated with placental microvascular diseases and pre-eclampsia. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been linked to endothelial dysfunction. Maternal ADMA has been reported to be higher in women with pre-eclampsia and HHcy leads to accumulation of ADMA. The aim of this presented study is to evaluate the alterations of plasma homocysteine, ADMA and NO levels in mild pre-eclampsia. A total of 40 pre-eclamptic women and 40 healthy controls were included into the study. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean serum homocysteine and ADMA levels were significantly higher and NO level was lower in patients. Serum homocysteine, ADMA and NO levels found to be correlated among them and with blood pressure. In conclusion, we found that homocysteine and ADMA levels were increased and NO levels decreased in pre-eclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Several studies have shown that high oxidative stress levels are associated with varicocele. The GST (glutathione S-transferase) family of genes is critical in the protection of cells from oxidative stress because they utilise as substrates a wide variety of products of oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between genetic polymorphism in GST-M1 and GST-T1 and varicocele using 109 varicocele patients and 123 controls. Varicoceles were clinically graded as Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3. GST-M1 and GST-T1 genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Although the GST-M1 null genotype was higher in Grade 3 than in Grade 1, 2 and controls, there were no statistical differences between control group and varicocele groups according to GST-M1 and GST-T1 null genotype. Men with varicocele do not have more GST-M1 and GST-T1 null polymorphisms than men without varicocele. Additional studies are needed to assess the exact mechanism by which the varicocele corresponds to elevated ROS levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyand's hernia is a very rare condition with a presence of a vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernia sac. It is estimated to be found in approximately 1% of adult inguinal hernia. In this study, we report a retrospective analysis of 30 patients aged between 19 days and 8 years with an Amyand's hernia operated in our institution from 1998 to 2009, and we reviewed the literature on the topic. Hernia repair without an appendectomy was performed in patients with normal appendix. Emergency appendectomy through herniotomy was performed in cases of inflamed and perforated appendices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semen profile and meiotic segregation products are important for assessing aneuploidy risk and risk of resulting infertility. To determine the effect of varicocelectomy on semen profile and aneuploidy frequency, we investigated semen profile and aneuploidy frequency of selected chromosomes in patients with varicocele before and after varicocelectomy. Chromosomal aneuploidy for selected chromosomes was evaluated using chromosome-specific DNA fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) probes. There was a significant difference in the level of normal sperm morphology before and after varicocelectomy ( P > 0.007). There were no significant differences in aneuploidy frequency of chromosomes 1, 16, 17 and 18 in sperm nuclei obtained from patients before varicocelectomy compared with 6–7 months after varicocelectomy ( P > 0.05), although FISH analysis with chromosomes 17 and 18 combination showed a higher aneuploidy frequency before varicocelectomy than after varicocelectomy (7.81 ± 9.67 versus 4.03 ± 1.46 respectively). In conclusion, varicocele seems to affect the semen profile but minimally affects aneuploidy frequency. Varicocelectomy demonstrates a repairing effect on the semen profile and contributes to a slight decrease in aneuploidy frequency in some but not all chromosomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate symptomatic response and recurrence rates of graduated topical fluorinated corticosteroid in patients with vulvar squamous cell hyperplasia.Methods: Nine hundred seventy-six patients with biopsy-proven vulvar squamous cell hyperplasia from 1990 to 2003 were reviewed in this retrospective study. All patients were treated with graduated topical fluorinated corticosteroid. Data were obtained from hospital records. Symptomatic remission and recurrence rates were noted following six months local therapy.Results: The mean age was 42.55+/-10.93 (15-85). The remission rate was 93.8% in six months. The remission rate was non-significantly higher in postmenopausal patients than that in their premenopausal counterpart (94.9% vs 93.0%, p=0.15). The disease recurred in 6.9% of patients. Of the patients that suffered recurrence 47.5% had persistent disease initially. The patients with following factors older ages (>40 years), postmenopausal period had significantly higher recurrence rates. Four patients with recurrent disease and six patients with persistent disease in the form of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia I-II or atypical squamous hyperplasia, were treated with skinning vulvectomy.Conclusion: Corticosteroid in the treatment of vulvar squamous cell hyperplasia yielded excellent response rates. In the evaluation of patients without symptomatic relief, the first step should be a vulvar biopsy to exclude the presence of atypical components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility, results and complications of vaginal hysterectomy. A total of 886 consecutive patients who had undergone vaginal hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases were retrospectively analysed. Vaginal hysterectomy was successfully performed in 96.1% of the nulliparous and 99.9% of the parous patients. The mean duration (min) of the operation was 89.1±29.1. The operation time (min) of the nulliparous women was significantly higher than that of the primiparous and multiparous women (109.3±40.2 vs 81.1±33.2 and 85.1±28.3, respectively). The overall complication rate was 14.6%. The intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were 4.1% and 10.5%, respectively. The most common intraoperative complication was bladder injury (2.5%). Vaginal hysterectomy for benign gynaecological diseases has high feasibility with acceptable complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, complications, and satisfaction scores of patients who underwent the Manchester operation.Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluated data from 204 women who underwent the Manchester operation at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, from January 1985 to April 2004.Results: Mean age was 34.68+/-4.24 years and parity 2.47+/-0.96; 85.8% of the patients were premenopausal; 176 patients (86.28%) had grade 3 and 28 (13.72%) had grade 2 uterine prolapse; 95.1% of the patients had associated cystoceles and 51.3% had associated rectoceles; and 81.4% had urinary incontinence. Regarding early postoperative complications, 27 patients (13.23%) had febrile morbidity; retroperitoneal hematoma occurred in 1 patient (0.49%); urinary retention occurred in 45 patients (22.05%), and cervical stenosis occurred in 23 patients (11.27%). At 1 year, 1 patient had undergone abdominal hysterectomy because of unsuccessful cervical dilatation; and a mean of 3.6 years following the operation, 8 patients (3.9%) had undergone the tension-free vaginal tape procedure plus a vaginal hysterectomy for recurrent stress urinary incontinence and uterine prolapse. The mean satisfaction/acceptance score for the operation was 8.52+/-2.13 (range, 2-10).Conclusion: A high degree of acceptance/satisfaction and a low morbidity rate show the Manchester operation to be a good option for the treatment of uterine prolapse in women who wish to keep their uterus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study is to investigate COVID-19 outcomes in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). METHODS: A retrospective cohort was formed from APS patients. Patients were screened for a record of positive SARS-CoV 2 PCR. In PCR-positive patients, clinical data and information regarding COVID-19 outcomes were collected from medical records. RESULTS: A positive PCR test was detected in 9/53 APS patients, while 66.7 %, 33.3 % and 11.1 % of APS patients with COVID-19 were under hydroxychloroquine, LMWH or warfarin, and acetylsalicylic acid, respectively. There were 3/9 patients found to be hospitalized and one died. No new thrombotic event was reported in any of the patients during COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION: Baseline use of hydroxychloroquine, antiaggregants and anticoagulants may be associated with an absence of new thrombotic event (Tab. 2, Ref. 33). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial priapism is also called partial segmental thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum. It is a rare pathology, and its aetiology, physiopathology and treatment are still not completely understood. To our knowledge, partial priapism due to alpha blockers has not been reported previously in the literature. In this study, a successfully treated case of partial priapism occurring after the usage of alpha blocker is presented and discussed in light of the related literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a case of a foetus who had a single umbilical artery with a massive bilateral pleural effusion with a novel genetic mutation. Topics include as a part of pleural effusion, evaluation karyotype was obtained by cordocentesis, and there was no other underlying cause, spontaneous resolution of foetal pleural effusion was noted and such chromosomal aberration might be the sole cause of pleural effusion.

The article reports a case of a 29-year-old primiparous woman with severe pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction at 37 weeks' gestation referred for evaluation and treatment. Fundus examination revealed a macular tear at the temporal area of fovea in the left eye. Moreover, the article noted that the case marks the first report to emphasize the association of severe pre-eclampsia and asymptomatic macular tear.

Amyand’s hernia is a very rare condition with a presence of a vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernia sac. It is estimated to be found in approximately 1% of adult inguinal hernia. In this study, we report a retrospective analysis of 30 patients aged between 19 days and 8 years with an Amyand’s hernia operated in our institution from 1998 to 2009, and we reviewed the literature on the topic. Hernia repair without an appendectomy was performed in patients with normal appendix. Emergency appendectomy through herniotomy was performed in cases of inflamed and perforated appendices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate whether there is a correlation between serum biochemistry (human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), CA 125, progesterone and estradiol) and the common sonographic findings (blob sign, bagel sign or extrauterine gestational sac with cardiac activity) or size of a tubal ectopic pregnancy, and whether there is a difference in scroll: biochemistry between women with a tubal ectopic pregnancy who are hemodynamically unstable (tachycardia, hypotension, falling hemoglobin levels and/or acute severe abdominal pain) and those who are hermodynamically stable, Methods This was a prospective cohort study of 106 women with a tubal ectopic pregnancy. We noted transvaginal ultrasound examination findings including adnexal mass size, and the serum levels of hCG, CA 125, progesterone and estradiol. The data were analyzed retrospectively. Results The mean maternal and gestational ages were 30.7 ± 5.7 rears and 44 ± 4.2 days, respectively. There was no correlation between serum markers and common sonographic findings. However, in the presence of the bagel sign on ultrasound, hemodynamic stability was more common (P = 0.03). The mean serum hCG concentrations in tubal ectopic pregnancies < 20 mm, 20—40 mm and > 40 mm in size were 2225.3 ± 3166.9, 4124.8 ± 6121.4. and 11 011.8 ± 12670.1 IU/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). Serum hCG, CA 125 and estradiol values were well correlated with adnexal mass size; for CA 125 this correlation was linear. There was no difference in serum biochemistry between hemodynamically stable and hemodynamically unstable women. Conclusion Common sonographic findings of tubal ectopic pregnancy do not correlate with serum biochemistry. High levels of CA 125, hCG or estradiol may suggest a larger adnexal mass in women with uncomplicated tubal pregnancies. Hemodynamically stable and hemodynamically unstable women do not differ in their serum biochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a complex disease with multiple features that has confounded efforts to unravel its pathophysiology. As a means of distinguishing primary from secondary characteristics, we compared levels of fasting plasma leptin and insulin in a cohort of weight-reduced obese women who have attained and maintained a normal BMI for more than 1 year with the levels in cohorts of never-obese and currently obese women. Weight-reduced obese women showed decreased plasma concentrations of leptin and insulin compared with obese women, but these levels remained significantly higher than those of never-obese women. Plasma leptin levels were highly correlated with plasma insulin levels (r = 0.60, P < 0.001). To further explore relationships with body composition, total body fat was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and body fat distribution by computed tomography in subsets of these groups. Weight-reduced obese women had a significantly greater percent body fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass than did the never-obese women, and these were highly correlated with plasma leptin (r = 0.90, P < 0.001, and r = 0.52, P < 0.001, respectively). In these weight-reduced obese women, visceral fat mass was similar to that of the never-obese. The insulin sensitivity index and first-phase insulin response were also comparable. These results demonstrate that higher leptin levels in weight-reduced obese women are related to the higher total fat and particularly the subcutaneous fat masses. Normalization of visceral fat mass in the weight-reduced obese was accompanied by normalization of insulin sensitivity index and first-phase insulin response. This study suggests that increases in plasma leptin and insulin in obesity are secondary features of the obese state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]