Search

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder that has become a global health emergency according to the World Health Organization (WHO). It affects 280 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability and financial loss. Patients with MDD present immunoendocrine alterations like cortisol resistance and inflammation, which are associated with alterations in neurotransmitter metabolism. There are currently numerous therapeutic options for patients with MDD; however, some studies suggest a high rate of therapeutic failure. There are multiple hypotheses explaining the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD, in which several systems are involved, including the neuroendocrine and immune systems. In recent years, inflammation has become an important target for the development of new therapeutic options. Extracellular monomeric ubiquitin (emUb) is a molecule that has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties through several mechanisms including cholinergic modulation and the generation of regulatory T cells. In this perspective article, we highlight the influence of the inflammatory response in MDD. In addition, we review and discuss the evidence for the use of emUb contained in Transferon as a concomitant treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is an infection widely distributed around the world, and in some countries it is considered a public health problem. Brucellosis causes insidious symptoms that make it difficult to diagnose. Infection can also trigger chronic pain and neuropsychiatric complications. Antibiotics are not always effective to eradicate infection, contributing to chronicity. We aimed to investigate the effects of antibiotic treatment on proinflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, corticosterone, and behavior in a murine model of infecrion of B. abortus strain 2308. Four study groups were created: (a) control; (b) antibiotic control; (c) infected with B. abortus 2308; and (d) infected and treated with rifampicin and doxycycline. We determined B. abortus 2308 colony-forming units (CFUs), the count of dendritic cells, and macrophages in the spleen; serum levels of cytokines and corticosterone; levels of serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in the brain; and equilibrium, physical strength, anxiety, and hopelessness tests. The infected and treated mice group was compared with the control and infected mice to assess whether treatment is sufficient to recover neuroimmunoendocrine parameters. Our results showed that despite the treatment of brucellosis with rifampicin and doxycycline, antibiotic-treated mice showed a persistence of B. abortus 2308 CFUs, an increased count in macrophage number, and higher circulating levels of corticosterone. Furthermore, the levels of IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α remained higher. We found a decrease in muscular strength and equilibrium concomitant to changes in neurotransmitters in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and frontal cortex. Our data suggest that the remaining bacterial load after antibiotic administration favors inflammatory, neurochemical, and behavioral alterations, partly explaining the widespread and paradoxical symptomatology experienced by patients with chronic brucellosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows the results of the analysis of the photogrammetric use of 360-degree cameras in complex heritage-related scenes. The goal is to take advantage of the large field of view provided by these sensors and reduce the number of images used to cover the entire scene compared to those needed using conventional cameras. We also try to minimize problems derived from camera geometry and lens characteristics. In this regard, we used a multi-sensor camera composed of six fisheye lenses, applying photogrammetric procedures to several funerary structures. The methodology includes the analysis of several types of spherical images obtained using different stitching techniques and the comparison of the results of image orientation processes considering these images and the original fisheye images. Subsequently, we analyze the possible use of the fisheye images to model complex scenes by reducing the use of ground control points, thus minimizing the need to apply surveying techniques to determine their coordinates. In this regard, we applied distance constraints based on a previous extrinsic calibration of the camera, obtaining results similar to those obtained using a traditional schema based on points. The results have allowed us to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each type of image and configuration, providing several recommendations regarding their use in complex scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, the development of nanotechnology has allowed for the synthesis of many different nanostructures with controlled sizes, shapes, and chemical properties, with dendrimers being the best-characterized of them. In this review, we present a succinct view of the structure and the synthetic procedures used for dendrimer synthesis, as well as the cellular uptake mechanisms used by these nanoparticles to gain access to the cell. In addition, the manuscript reviews the reported in vivo applications of dendrimers as drug carriers for drugs used in the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and ocular diseases. The dendrimer-based formulations that have reached different phases of clinical trials, including safety and pharmacokinetic studies, or as delivery agents for therapeutic compounds are also presented. The continuous development of nanotechnology which makes it possible to produce increasingly sophisticated and complex dendrimers indicates that this fascinating family of nanoparticles has a wide potential in the pharmaceutical industry, especially for applications in drug delivery systems, and that the number of dendrimer-based compounds entering clinical trials will markedly increase during the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis infection causes non-specific symptoms such as fever, chills, sweating, headaches, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, fatigue, and mood disorders. In mouse models, it has been associated with increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, a decrease in serotonin and dopamine levels within the hippocampus, induced loss of muscle strength and equilibrium, and increased anxiety and hopelessness. Imipramine (ImiP), a tricyclic antidepressant, is used to alleviate neuropathic pain. This study evaluated the effects of ImiP on Balb/c mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 (Ba) at 14- and 28-days post-infection. Serum levels of six cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, MCP-1. and IL-10) were assessed by FACS, while the number of bacteria in the spleen was measured via CFU. Serotonin levels in the hippocampus were analyzed via HPLC, and behavioral tests were conducted to assess strength, equilibrium, and mood. Our results showed that mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 and treated with ImiP for six days (Im6Ba14) had significantly different outcomes compared to infected mice (Ba14) at day 14 post-infection. The mood was enhanced in the forced swimming test (FST) (p < 0.01), tail suspension test (TST) (p < 0.0001), and open-field test (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was an increase in serotonin levels in the hippocampus (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was an improvement in equilibrium (p < 0.0001) and muscle strength (p < 0.01). Lastly, there was a decrease in IL-6 levels (p < 0.05) and CFU count in the spleen (p < 0.0001). At 28 days, infected mice that received ImiP for 20 days (Im20Ba28) showed preservation of positive effects compared to infected mice (Ba28). These effects include the following: (1) improved FST (p < 0.0001) and TST (p < 0.0001); (2) better equilibrium (p < 0.0001) and muscle strength (p < 0.0001); (3) decreased IL-6 levels (p < 0.05); and (4) reduced CFU count in the spleen (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest the potential for ImiP to be used as an adjuvant treatment for the symptoms of brucellosis, which requires future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1980s, there have been significant advancements in the study of the development of rural Andalusi settlement linked to irrigated agriculture, both in relation to large suburban green belts and to the small hydraulic systems of rural communities in mountainous regions. However, recent investigations in several dry areas and, in particular, the intensive archaeological survey that we have been carrying out in the eastern sector of La Mancha, reveal a densely populated rural region that responds to a hitherto unknown pattern. It consists of small villages on the plain, devoid of community defence elements and inhabited by peasants who made the best of the only existing natural resources that have traditionally oriented the region's economy towards cattle ranching and rainfed agriculture. Most of the villages seem to have developed from the beginning of the eleventh century, disappearing at the end of the same century due to the increase in insecurity after the Christian conquest of Toledo in 1085. Their existence would be associated with a general context of population growth that intensified the competition between urban elites and peasants for the privileged agricultural areas and, as a result, the colonisation of less favourable production areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medieval wall of Jaén is a historical monument that has suffered from the apathy of institutions in recent years, causing its calamitous current status. This study focuses on the previous geomatic tasks developed to obtain a 3D documentation of this site in order to manage future restoration works. The methodology included the integration of data obtained using several geomatic techniques, such as LiDAR and photogrammetry at three scale levels, from the general to the particular. Therefore, data fusion is the main aspect of this methodology, developed in an attempt to take advantage of the benefits of each technique. The application demonstrated the feasibility of using the methodology in order to obtain a complete documentation, including 3D models, orthoimages and DEMs, at several scales with different resolutions and point densities. In addition, we also considered the accuracy of data and products with respect to the project requirements. Another aspect to highlight is the reduction in acquisition time by minimizing the necessity of conducting classic surveying to obtain georeference data. The results show reliable products for supporting restoration tasks and allowing the development of a BIM application to manage them, but also for the dissemination of knowledge regarding this unknown monument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water and energy are becoming more and more important in agriculture, urban areas and for the growing population worldwide, particularly in developing countries. To provide access to water it is necessary to use appropriate pumping systems and supply them with enough energy for operation. Pumps powered by solar photovoltaic energy are complex electromechanical systems that include hydraulic equipment, electrical machines, sensors, power converters, and control units. Therefore, solar photovoltaic pumping systems are associated with various fields of science and engineering. In remote, less-populated areas without electricity, where it is either challenging to connect to the grid or it is not possible, solar photovoltaic water pumping systems can play a significant role. To see whether solar photovoltaic pumping systems may be a practical, viable, and affordable method of pumping water it is necessary to study different aspects of their operation. The goal of this current article is to evaluate and outline recent research and advancement in the field of solar photovoltaic pumping systems. The major focus is on the standalone photovoltaic pumping system's components, factors that affect system efficiency, performance evaluation, system optimization, and the potential for integration with modern control techniques. The main objective of this article is to give a broader overview of solar photovoltaic technologies for researchers, engineers, and decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising wind energy integration, accompanied by a decreasing level of system inertia, requires additional sources of ancillary services. Wind turbines based on doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) can provide inertial and primary frequency support when equipped with specific controls. This paper investigates the effect of frequency support provision by DFIGs on the small-signal stability of power systems. To this end, a modified version of the Kundur two-area test system is employed to analyze different scenarios. Wind energy generation is either added to the existing system or displaces part of the synchronous generation. Simulations show that primary frequency support tends to improve the damping of electromechanical oscillations and deteriorate it for converter control-based ones. On the other hand, the inertial response depends on the control parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four V-Ce/SiO2 catalysts were synthesized, using V grafting via VO(O-iC3H7)3 on Ce-loaded Aerosil support, with Ce incorporation either by grafting with Ce(O-iC3H7)4 (VOx/CeO2/S-GA and VOx/CeO2/S-GB) or by incipient wetness impregnation with Ce salt (VOx/CeO2/S-IA and VOx/CeO2/S-IB). Vanadium loadings were similar, while Ce was loaded to two different levels. Raman and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated significant differences in VOx speciation: Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nano-crystals were prevalent on those catalysts synthesized via Ce impregnation, and absent from the catalysts prepared with grafted Ce. Cerium vanadate (CeVO4) phase was detected in catalyst prepared via Ce grafted at one theoretical monolayer coverage. Microcalorimetry results show that V2O5 species found on VOx/CeO2/S-IA are related to acid sites (acid strength > 90 kJ/mol) responsible for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reaction of n-butane. Catalyst acidity in VOx/CeO2/S-IA, combined with the redox properties of the vanadium species on the same material, promoted a high selectivity to butadiene and cis- and trans-2-butenes, which subsequently reacted in a Diels-Alder addition to produce benzaldehyde and total oxidation products. In contrast, the lack of acidity in VOx/CeO2/S-GA led to very low selectivity (< 20%) to dehydrogenation products in both the ODH of butane and propane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grid-powered pumping plants are widespread electromechanical systems commonly set in motion by electrical machines. The productivity of these electromechanical systems varies substantially according to the shift of the location of the working point on the H-Q plane, which is determined with the help of mutual positions of the characteristics of the pump unit itself and the hydraulic parameters of the pipeline. The topic of the proposed article is mainly focused on the investigation of pumping plant productivity equipped with two various types of electrical machines known as induction and synchronous reluctance motors. A simulation method of efficiency prediction of a centrifugal pumping plant for flow regulation is proposed. The described Simulink/Matlab simulation approach is quite valuable for validating efficiency in the case of pumping plants supplied with various types of electrical machines. The data relating to the electrical machines' efficiency estimation were obtained during a series of experimental tests with the real experimental setup. Thus, the calculation results of the model are accurate and based on confirmed experimental measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of stochastic distributed energy sources and loads has introduced unprecedented levels of uncertainty in power systems. This uncertainty poses significant challenges to power system stability due to the resulting variability of power flows and system inertia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the methods proposed in the scientific literature for assessing the small-signal stability of power systems under uncertain conditions. The review critically examines the key features, advantages and disadvantages of each method presented and identifies relevant research gaps in the field, suggesting potential future research directions. [Display omitted] • Power systems are increasingly affected by uncertainties. • A review on the methods to evaluate uncertain small-signal stability is lacking. • An extensive collection of papers on uncertain small-signal stability is provided. • The advantages, disadvantages and features of the presented methods are presented. • Existing research gaps are highlighted and future research directions are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Omics approaches are widely applied in the field of biology for the discovery of potential CAZymes including whole genome sequencing. The aim of this study was to identify protein encoding genes including CAZymes in order to understand glycans-degrading machinery in the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T strain. Results: Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T is a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, which grows between the temperatures of 55 °C and 75 °C. Next generation sequencing using Illumina technology was performed on the C. algeriensis strain resulting in 45 contigs with an average GC content of 44.9% and a total length of 2,535,023 bp. Genome annotation reveals 2425 protein-coding genes with 97 ORFs coding CAZymes. Many glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and glycosyltransferases genes were found linked to genes encoding oligosaccharide transporters and transcriptional regulators; suggesting that CAZyme encoding genes are organized in clusters involved in polysaccharides degradation and transport. In depth analysis of CAZomes content in C. algeriensis genome unveiled 33 CAZyme gene clusters uncovering new enzyme combinations targeting specific substrates. Conclusions: This study is the first targeting CAZymes repertoire of C. algeriensis, it provides insight to the high potential of identified enzymes for plant biomass degradation and their biotechnological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind power is increasing rapidly and specially offshore wind. Offshore wind offers certain advantages as more constant wind and additional space without large restriction. However, deep-waters require floating technologies. A key drawback of offshore wind is the reduced windows for operation and maintenance. Therefore, the use of optimal control algorithms that ensure the correct operation of the wind farm is essential. Offshore wind farms are usually oriented towards a defined direction of wind flow, so upstream turbines tend to provide more active power, carrying higher fatigue load, which results in uneven distribution of fatigue across the wind farms. Loads must be distributed among the members of the farm, to extend the farm and turbines life and reduce possible maintenance or breakage costs. Taking into account wake effects as well as hydrodynamic impacts which add additional motion and stress to the system, this paper presents a wind farm Model Predictive Controller (MPC) in order to optimize the loads of each wind turbine for life-extension. The results of the control show how the power generation is met and the load distribution are better balanced reducing system stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a major issue in wastewater management at local and regional levels, as it affects the frequency of flooding and therefore the need to update infrastructure and design regulations. To this end, rainfall data are the main input to hydraulic models used for the design of drainage systems and, in advanced contexts, for their real-time monitoring. Field observations are of great interest and water authorities are increasing the number of existing rain gauges, but at present they are scarce and require maintenance, so their number needs to be considered with their O&M costs. Remote sensors, including both the existing satellite rain products (SRPs) and radar imagery (RI), can complete the spatial distribution of rainfall and optimise the cost of observations. While most SRPs are based on re-analysis and have a lag in availability, RI can be obtained in near real time and is becoming increasingly popular in weather forecasting applications. Unfortunately, actual rainfall forecasts from RI observations are not accurate enough for real-time monitoring of drainage systems. In this paper, the Colour Pattern Regression (CPR) algorithm is used to recalibrate the 6 h rainfall values from RI provided by the Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) with the observed rain gauge data, using as a case study the metropolitan area of Palma (Spain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The streets of the Puebla City Downtown [PCD] are unusually narrow and have lots of misplaced potholes and damaged sewers. In addition, many peddlers occupy the sidewalks and make it difficult for pedestrians to move. This situation hinders mobility in this area. We consider it necessary to promote the common and sustainable use of urban public space. Therefore, we aimed at knowing how some agents manage the use of some of the PCD public spaces. We adopted Actor-Network Theory as a theoretical framework and carried out a quasi-ethnographic approach. We observed and interacted with agents who appropriated the public space and hindered urban mobility in the PCD. We present the "networked actions" deployed by these agents and offer some conceptual elements that must be considered to re-assemble the social and constructing a common world, which we call cosmos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces a profile of the life of Carmen Rovira whose relationship with the National Autonomous University of Mexico spans more than seventy years. Daughter of Spanish exile, exiled herself, she inherited a good part of the ideals of her parents and has dedicated her life to the history of Mexican philosophy in its Ibero-American and cosmopolitan projection. He has left a well-trained team that ensures the continuity of a necessary philosophical enterprise for Mexico and for the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking community within the framework of international relations that must be respectful of the differences of the different communities in order to build a solid coexistence. human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photothermal tumor ablation might be carried out with multibranched gold nanoparticles (MBAuNPs) having maximum absorbance (Amax) in the infrared region and functionalized with ligands that would bind them to the target tumor markers. However, in nanomedicine applications, the nanostructures must reach their target tissues to be effective, but the corona of serum proteins they instantaneously acquire when administered by intravenous injection may affect their activity; for this reason, we decided to analyze the effect that exposing MBAuNPs to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum (HS) have on their protein corona and physical properties. The synthesized spherical Au seeds stoichiometrically generate piñata-like MBAuNPs of 8–20 peaks potentially useful for photothermal tumor ablation since they induce hyperthermia of more than 4 °C in phantom gels mimicking the skin irradiated with an 808 nm laser at 0.75 W/cm2. The calculated surface area of MBAuNPs ranges from 24 984 nm2 to 40 669 nm2, depending on the number of peaks we use for modeling the NPs. When MBAuNPs are exposed to BSA, they acquire a protein corona with an internal "hard" portion composed by one or two layers of BSA containing ∼1000–4000 molecules covalently bound to their surface, and an external "soft" portion formed by agglomerated BSA molecules linked by non-covalent bonds. Functionalization with BSA decreases the tendency of MBAuNPs to agglomerate and increases their size dispersion. MBAuNPs and MBAuNPs–BSA exposed to HS bind HS albumin and other HS proteins ranging from 25 kDa to 180 kDa that increase their hydrodynamic diameter and decrease their stability. We conclude that MBAuNPs exposed to serum albumin and HS instantaneously acquire a hard and soft protein corona that may affect prior or subsequent functionalization aiming to direct them to specific cell or tissue targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new way to generate hydrogen through mechanical milling. Hydrogen was generated "in-situ" inside a stainless steel container where methanol and magnesium were utilized. The methanol atoms due to the high-impact process were broken to obtain hydrogen. In this same process, magnesium was selectively reacted with oxygen to form the corresponding oxide and hydrogen remain in gas form. Relatively short milling times were programmed. After the programmed times, hydrogen from the stainless steel container through liquid displacement was measured. Likewise, solids were analyzed before and after hydrogen production using XRD and SEM techniques. The volume of hydrogen was a function of the programmed milling time; the average values between 160 and 310 mL were obtained when the most appropriate amounts of magnesium and methanol were used. Only magnesium oxide was formed as by-product. XRD analyses demonstrated the transformation of magnesium and methanol to generate hydrogen. • Alternative method for hydrogen production by dissociation of methanol is proposed. • High energy mechanical milling process used to hydrogen generation "in situ". • Weight and diameter of the milling media are essential to methanol dissociation. • Maximum hydrogen average volume of 310 mL/100 μL of methanol was obtained. • In this process, only as a by-product MgO was formed, which was demonstrated by XRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Concurrent derivation of impedance models of a VSC as a subsystem on AC and DC sides. • Extension and generalization of device-level derivations to system-level equivalents. • Derivation of impedance equivalent of an arbitrary mesh HVDC grid as a single-entity. • To analyze system-level interactions and behaviour based on impedance equivalents. • Coupling of impedance analysis with Nyquist criterion for MIMO systems. This paper presents an impedance-based interaction and stability analysis of multi-terminal HVDC systems. First, an analytical derivation procedure is presented to obtain the feedback impedance models of a voltage source converter (VSC) as a subsystem, with particular interest on the DC side impedance. Subsequently, in addition to the impedance models of other subsystems, an impedance aggregation method is applied to derive the dynamic closed-loop impedance matrix of the system considering the interconnected structure of the grid. Given the closed-loop impedance matrix, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) relative gain array (RGA) formulation is proposed to analyse nodal interactions between converters and the network. Furthermore, the impedance ratio matrix is proposed for HVDC stability analysis based on impedance models. Remarkably, these formulations are derived compactly without any knowledge of the internal states of any converter and therefore allows the ease of interoperability analysis. Finally, the impact of control architecture and strategy on the dynamic responses, interaction, and stability analysis from an impedance perspective is conducted as a case study. The analysis is done in the frequency domain and validated with the physical model of a three-terminal DC test grid built in SimscapeTM MATLAB/Simulink®. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ventriculoscopic neuronavigation has been described in several articles. However, there are different ventriculoscopes and navigation systems. Due to these different combinations, it is difficult to find detailed neuronavigation protocols. We describe, step-by-step, a simple method to navigate both the trajectory until reaching the ventricular system, as well as the intraventricular work. We use a rigid ventriculoscope (LOTTA, KarlStorz) with an electromagnetic stylet (S8-StealthSystem, Medtronic). The protocol is based on a modified or 3-dimensionally printed trocar for navigating the extraventricular step and on a modified pediatric nasogastric tube for the intraventricular navigation. This protocol can be set up in less than 10 minutes. The extraventricular part is navigated by introducing the electromagnetic stylet inside the modified or 3-dimensionally printed trocar. Intraventricular navigation is done by combining a modified pediatric nasogastric tube with the electromagnetic stylet inside the endoscope's working channel. The most critical point is to obtain a blunt-bloodless ventriculostomy while achieving perfect alignment of all targeted structures via pure straight trajectories. This protocol is easy-to-set-up, avoids head rigid-fixation and bulky optical-based attachments to the ventriculoscope, and allows continuous navigation of both parts of the surgery. Since we have implemented this protocol, we have noticed a significant enhancement in both simple and complex ventriculoscopic procedures because the surgery is dramatically simplified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the methodology and main results obtained after applying several geomatic techniques, based on the fusion of data acquired by several sensors, to document the recovery works carried out in an abandoned church. A century ago, the façade was moved to a museum to ensure its preservation. In addition to documentary purposes, a secondary goal is the virtual repositioning of a model of this element on that of the church. The method takes advantage of the potential of each technique, considering the acquisition of geometry based mainly on laser scanning techniques and radiometry on photogrammetry. The results include 3D models and orthoimages, which are used to perform a stratigraphic study. The 3D model of the façade has been repositioned in the general one, considering common geometries previously fitted in both models and repeating part of the photogrammetric process, using masks to define the image areas related to the church and the façade. Therefore, we obtained a 3D model with the façade included in it. This procedure has demonstrated its feasibility despite the existence of different environmental conditions in both areas. Using these results, we have also developed a BIM to allow for the management of future restoration works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial Differential Equations (PDE) appear in multiple Physic and Engineering applications. Normally, when modeling an application, the use of well-known and already solved PDE is considered. But what happens if a new PDE is used? Solving a new PDE is not an easy task. In this paper, we use a Computer Algebra System (Cas) in order to find the solution of PDE of first order. Specifically, we deal with Pfaff Equations , Quasilinear PDE and general first order PDE (using Lagrange–Charpit Method). To solve these PDE, we combine the power of a Cas with the flexibility of programming with it. Furthermore, the developed programs do not only provide the final result but also display all the intermediate steps which lead to find the solution of the PDE. This way, we introduce SFOPDES, a new Stepwise First Order PDE Solver which serves as a tutorial showing, step by step, the way to deal with PDE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Game of life" model was created in 1970 by the mathematician John Horton Conway using cellular automata. Since then, different extensions of these cellular automata have been used in many applications. In this work, we introduce probabilistic cellular automata which include non-deterministic rules for transitions between successive generations of the automaton together with probabilistic decisions about life and death of the cells in the next generation of the automaton. Different directions of the neighbours of each cell are treated with the possibility of applying distinct probabilities. This way, more realistic situations can be modelled and the obtained results are also non-deterministic. In this paper, we include a brief state of the art, the description of the model and some examples obtained with an implementation of the model made in Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors developed some time ago a RBES devoted to preparing personalized menus at restaurants according to the allergies, religious constraints, likes, and other diet requirements as well as products availability. This can be specially important when traveling abroad and facing unknown dishes in a menu. Some restaurants include icons in their menu regarding their adequateness for celiacs or vegetarians and vegans, but this is not always a complete information, as it doesn't consider, for instance, personal dislikes, or uncommon allergies. The tool previously developed uses logic deduction to obtain a personalized menu for each customer, according to the precise recipes of the restaurant and taking into account the data provided by the customer and the ingredients out of stock (if any). That previous work had an impact in Spanish society: news about it were disseminated by different news agencies and appeared in some newspapers. The authors were also interviewed in radio networks and television channels. Now a new approach that uses functions and set operations has been followed and the speed has been increased by three orders of magnitude, allowing to deal with huge menus instantly. Both approaches have been implemented in the computer algebra system Maple and are exemplified using the same recipes in order to compare their performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐dimensional (3D) modelling of archaeological sites has recently undergone a great development due to the implementation of new acquisition devices and techniques and new processing algorithms. One of the most noteworthy of these is the use of unmanned aerial systems for lifting acquisition devices such as digital cameras to model sites based on photogrammetric techniques. Despite the development and wide use of these systems there are some situations where they are not allowed to fly. In this context we propose a method based on masts which elevate the camera in order to perform photogrammetric surveys of large archeological sites. In this study we analysed the photograph acquisition parameters and the surveying procedure in order to balance in‐field the efficiency and the complete coverage of photographs in the study zone, taking into account the requirements of the photogrammetric processing technique to be implemented. The proposed method has been applied to a large and complex archaeological site located in Aswan (Egypt). The results obtained (photogrammetric products and the 3D model) have demonstrated the viability of the method in these cases and the possible implementation of these types of studies for documentation, planning, virtual visualization, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The meat sector generates millions of jobs and billions of euros in value-added every year. The meat industries have a high demand for hot water, very variable in temperature, volume required and time interval. This demand, with large volumes at temperatures above 80 °C, translates into significant energy bills and CO 2 emitted to the atmosphere, given the limited use of renewable energy. The present study, adapted to the unique demand of meat industries, shows that the use of Solar Water Heating Systems (SWHS) with evacuated tube collector can be profitable in a large number of locations and scenarios in Europe. The type of energy supply in the industry, together with the large differences in the price of energy sources in each country, drastically affect the size of solar installations, the reduction in annual energy consumption and the savings generated. In a medium-sized industry with energy demand close to 85000 kWh/year, investing in a SWHS in locations of high irradiation can reach profitability values of € 1.1 per € invested, paybacks under 9 years, supply of more than 50% of the energy needed, reduction of the annual energy bill over 40% and reduction of CO 2 emissions higher than 15000 kgCO 2 /year. Graphical abstract Image Highlights • Characterizes the profitability of active SWHS with ETC in meat industries. • High profitability with electric boiler in all locations analyzed in Europe. • Variable profitability with diesel boiler and negative profitability with gas boiler. • Paybacks can reach values below 7 years with electric boiler and 10 with diesel. • SWHS heat supply can exceed 50% of the energy needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Focus on harmonic frequencies identification excited through the resonance phenomena in HVDC connected wind farms. • Comparison of different methodologies existing in literature for harmonic resonance analysis. • To analyse the impact on the identification of different power converter models. • To determine the relationship of such resonances with the different grid topologies. • Coupling of impedance analysis with Nyquist criterion based stability assessment. Abstract During the last years, the installation and planning of offshore wind farms using HVDC-links to transmit power onshore has increased. After the first HVDC connected offshore wind power plant of this type had been commissioned, the electrical harmonic resonance at the offshore AC grid was observed. The phenomenon leads to unwanted outages on both wind turbines and the HVDC transmission system. This paper aims to present the harmonic resonances in power-electronics dominated grids such as HVDC connected wind power plants. The study focuses on harmonic frequencies identification which are excited through the resonance phenomena between the elements of the offshore AC network including power converters. The paper presents a comparison of three different methodologies existing in the literature for harmonic resonance analysis including stability analysis. Moreover, we analyse the impact of the different power converter models application. The models and methods are validated in different test cases in order to determine the relationship of such resonances with respect to the grid topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition that causes widespread pain, fatigue, and other symptoms that significantly affect quality of life. The underlying mechanisms of fibromyalgia involve both the immune system and the central nervous system. It has been proposed that changes in multiple ascending and descending pathways in the central nervous system may contribute to increased pain sensitivity in individuals with this condition. Recent research has identified S100 proteins as a new area of interest in fibromyalgia studies. These proteins are a group of small molecular weight proteins involved in inflammation and various functions inside and outside of cells, and they may play a critical role in the development and progression of FM. Although S100B has been the most studied in FM patients, other studies have reported that S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 may also be useful as potential biomarkers or for a deeper understanding of FM pathophysiology. The potential role of S100 proteins in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia could be mediated by RAGE and TLR4, which signal through JNK, ERK, and p38 to activate AP-1 and NF-κB and induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby producing the inflammation, fatigue, and chronic pain characteristic of fibromyalgia. To gain new perspectives on targeted therapeutic approaches, it is crucial to understand how S100 proteins could impact the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. This review examines the potential role of S100 proteins in fibromyalgia and their impact on improving our comprehension of the condition, as well as facilitating further research on this interesting topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2050 targets established by the EU will foster both larger penetration of renewable energy, especially wind power, and more cross-border interconnections. Moreover, this new framework requires the non-conventional power sources and power converter-based systems to be responsible for the duties traditionally carried out by conventional synchronous generators as frequency support. This paper presents how different power-electronic based technologies can provide frequency support individually and in a coordinated manner (with different priority given by the deadbands) ensuring a stable operation.The implemented scenarios examine challenging conditions, where the primary reserve of the interconnected conventional, renewable, and storage generation is fully utilized to tackle frequency incidents. This demonstrates how the joint regulation of the power electronic-based technologies enhances the frequency stability of the AC synchronous areas. The different control schemes and their interaction are investigated in Cigré DC grid benchmark adapted for frequency stability studies and implemented in Matlab/Simulink simulation tool. This modified grid includes 5-terminal HVDC grid with two offshore wind farms and three AC networks including battery and onshore wind farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People have many constraints concerning the food they eat. These constraints can be based on religious believes, be due to food allergies or illnesses, or be derived from personal preferences or dislikes. For instance, preparing the menus at a hospital can be really complex. Another special situation arises when traveling abroad or simply when eating at a foreign cuisine restaurant (it is not always enough to know the brief description in the restaurant’s menu or the explanation of the waiter). Therefore, we consider that it would be very interesting to develop a knowledge-based system that automatically obtained a personalized menu for each customer, according to the precise recipes of the restaurant and taking into account the data given by the customer and the ingredients out of stock (if any). Although there are many knowledge-based systems devoted to diabetic’s meals, diets, food supply chains, etc., we do not know of any comparable system. We have developed a rule based expert system that uses sets and lists for handling data and an algebraic inference engine. It has been implemented in the computer algebra system Maple . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce SODES (Stepwise Ordinary Differential Equations Solver) a new solver for Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). SODES can optionally provide the solution displaying all the steps needed to obtain it. This way, SODES is an important tool not only for researchers who need solving ODE but also constitutes an important tool for the teaching and learning process of ODE. SODES has been developed using programming with a Computer Algebra System (CAS). Specifically, we use the CAS Derive but it can be easily adapted to any other CAS supporting programming. SODES provides, step by step, the solution of the following types of ODE: separable, homogeneous, exact, integrating factors, linear, Bernoulli, Riccati, first order ODE of n th degree, Cauchy's problems of first order ODE, higher order linear homogeneous equations with constant coefficients, Lagrange's method for particular solutions of higher order linear equations with constant coefficients, higher order linear equations with constant coefficients and Cauchy's problems of higher order linear equations with constant coefficients. SODES also deals with two generic programs which determine the type or types of a given ODE and provides the solution. In this paper we will also introduce a draft of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for SODES in a local web application using programming in Python (using its CAS module SymPy) which is a more portable and free CAS. This draft can be used in English, French and Spanish, and can be easily extended to other languages. The code of SODES and the GUI are freely available so that it can be used by users who also will be able to adapt it to their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we discuss the gas transport properties behavior of dense blend membranes of a high free volume polyimide PI DPPD-IMM with PBI using the latter polymer in an attempt to enhance gas selectivity. Thermal and mechanical properties of dense blend membranes were also evaluated. The aim is to test the use of PBI as a gate polymer for establishing a window to enhance selectivity of CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 gas pairs with a minimum loss of gas permeability. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements show that PI DPPD-IMM has an open structure with a d-spacing maximum at 5.4 Å, which is not affected when PBI concentration in the blends is lower than 25 wt %. This reflects a moderate loss of gas permeability as compared to PI DPPD-IMM. Blends with PBI concentrations 50 wt % or above presented a shift in WAXD toward 4.4 Å. It is found that as PBI concentration increases in the blend, there is an enhanced selectivity for O2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs duplicating their value with respect to PI DPPD-IMM and following closely the slope of the Robeson plot. Activation energies for permeation confirm that the PI DPPD-IMM microstructure is preserved at low PBI concentration since they barely increase for blends containing <25 wt % PBI. Gas permeability coefficients were fitted to different prediction models whose analysis confirms that the blends are heterogeneous. The best relationship between gas permeability and gas pair selectivity is located in the region where the blend presents high fractional free volume (FFV) (PBI concentration ≤25 wt %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes an intuitive methodology to analyse and mitigate system-level interactions in hybrid ac/dc networks interconnecting ac grids of arbitrary strengths, and especially weak grids. In particular, the challenge of interconnecting such grids is posed as an interaction problem in which the mechanism can be analysed explicitly through the unique ac/dc interaction functions. Then, it is demonstrated how these interaction functions can be manipulated to mitigate ac–ac, ac–dc, and dc–dc interactions simultaneously through a simple augmentation of the classic vector current control structure. The augmented loop adopts supplementary bus-voltage feedforwards from the ac and dc-sides. Significant improvements over the classic structure are demonstrated for an high voltage dc-link connecting two ac grids with arbitrary grid strengths particularly a very weak ac connection. It is shown how these supplementary loops provide a more inclusive and flexible solution to contradictory requirements on existing control, with a thorough system outlook. In addition, it is shown that the augmented loop is also beneficial for system dynamics when the grid is strong than without it. The analysis is carried out in the frequency domain, and performance is validated with nonlinear time-domain simulations. • An approach to obtaining insights into control interactions at AC/DC interfaces. • A methodology to model hybrid ac/dc grids to study system-level control interactions. • A control-oriented method to interconnect extremely weak AC grids through HVDC links. • An approach to identify fundamental transfer functions responsible for interactions at interfaces. • A modular and scalable approach to mitigate interface interactions simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent study, we reported the metabolic alterations related to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with influenza A pneumonia (IAP) [[1]]. As proof of concept, we have analyzed the metabolomic profiles of patients with and without ARDS induced by I Streptococcus pneumoniae i (SPP) (ARDS = 13; no ARDS = 17) or IAP (ARDS = 12; no ARDS = 18). Additionally, the metabolomic fingerprints of ARDS patients with IAP or SPP were compared to identify specific metabolic biomarkers of the pathogen responsible for ARDS (Fig. [Extracted from the article]

More interconnections among countries and synchronous areas are foreseen in order to fulfil the EU 2050 target on the renewable generation share. One proposal to accomplish this challenging objective is the development of the so-called European SuperGrid. Multi-terminal HVDC networks are emerging as the most promising technologies to develop such a concept. Moreover, multi-terminal HVDC grids are based on highly controllable devices, which may allow not only transmitting power, but also supporting the AC grids to ensure a secure and stable operation. This paper aims to present an overview of different control schemes for multi-terminal HVDC grids, including the control of the power converters and the controls for power sharing and the provision of ancillary services. This paper also analyses the proposed modifications of the existing control schemes to manage high participation shares of wind power generation in multi-terminal grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision-making in a railway station regarding the compatibility of the positions of the switches of the turnouts and the indications (proceed/stop) of the railway colour light signals is a safety-critical issue that is considered very labor-intensive. Different authors have proposed alternative solutions to automate its supervision, which is performed by the so-called railway interlocking systems. The classic railway interlocking systems are route-based and their compatibility is predetermined (usually by human experts): only some chosen routes are simultaneously allowed. Some modern railway interlocking systems are geographical and make decisions on the fly, but are unsuitable if the station is very large and the number of trains is high. In this paper, we present a completely new algebraic model for decision-making in railway interlocking systems, based on other computer algebra techniques, that bypasses the disadvantages of the approaches mentioned above (its performance does not depend on the number of trains in the railway station and can be used in large railway stations). The main goal of this work is to provide a mathematical solution to the interlocking problems. We prove that our approach solves it in linear time. Although our approach is interesting from a theoretical perspective, it has a significant limitation: it can hardly be adopted in an actual interlocking implementation, mainly due to the heavy certification requirements for this kind of safety-critical application. Nevertheless, the results may be useful for simulations that do not require certification credit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern cars have many dashboard lights and not all drivers recognize or know the importance of all of them. Red symbols usually indicate a safety issue or a serious problem, meanwhile yellow symbols use to indicate a not so urgent problem. Green and blue symbols usually provide information about the systems connected. But not all the red icons require of the same action, and the user manuals of most modern cars, with their sophisticated electronic systems, have hundreds of pages. Meanwhile, smart devices have become popular and have an outstanding computing power plus Internet connection. Consequently, the conditions for developing a knowledge-based system that helped the unaware driver in case a dashboard light went on, exist. The application should evaluate the situation and recommend the best actions to be carried out by the driver (regarding the possible repair on site or at a workshop, its urgency or even the need to immobilize the vehicle immediately). We have designed such a knowledge-based system and have developed a simplified one as example. A friendly Graphical User Interface has been developed in order to ease the communication with the application and its use in remote using any smart device with Internet connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a left pure semisimple ring, and ( D , C ) be a splitting torsion pair of R -ind, i.e. ( D , C ) is a partition of the family of all indecomposable left R -modules such that Hom R ( D , C ) = 0 whenever D ∈ D and C ∈ C . Suppose further that D contains all indecomposable injective left R -modules. We show that for each module M in C , the endomorphism ring of M is a division ring and Ext R 1 ( M , M ) = 0 . Let W be the direct sum of all Ext-injective modules in C and all indecomposable projective modules in D . If W is endofinite, then there is an Ext-injective module in C which is the source of a left almost split morphism in R -mod. It is also proved that W is a tilting module, and if R is hereditary, then W has a hereditary endomorphism ring. As consequences, we recover with new proofs several recent results on left pure semisimple rings R . When R is left pure semisimple hereditary indecomposable, splitting torsion pairs and tilting modules over R can be characterized using the Ext-injective partition of R -mod. In particular, when R is left pure semisimple hereditary indecomposable with only two simple modules, we give a complete description of the distribution of indecomposable left R -modules, and their Gabriel–Roiter measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 5-(9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboximido) isophthalic acid (DEAIA) monomer, containing a dibenzobarrelene pendant group, was synthesized by the condensation of 5-aminoisophthalic acid and 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-α,β-succinic anhydride (DASA). The DEAIA monomer was reacted with four structurally different aromatic diamines to synthesize four novel polyamides. All aromatic polyamide based in the DEAIA monomer showed very good solubility in aprotic polar solvents and excellent thermal stability with onset of decomposition at 430 °C. They readily form membrane by the casting method. Moreover, the most interesting polyamide was DEAIA-6F that showed high thermal stability, good film formation, and the largest gas permeability coefficients in comparison with a reported polyhexafluoroisophthalamide, HFAISO; this confirms the advantage of inserting a dibenzobarrelene pendant group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three novel polyimides have been successfully synthesized from 3,8-diphenylpyrene-1,2,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DPPD), and three commercial diamines by solution polycondensation. All polymers exhibited high molecular weight, high thermal stability and high rigidity (no glass transition was detected up to 400 °C) and free volume. The new polymers have been tested as gas separation membranes, showing very good combination of permeability and selectivity, especially in the case of the polymer derived from trimethyl-m-phenylenediamine (TMPD), which overpassed the 1991 Robeson upper bound for the gas pairs O 2 /N 2 and CO 2 /CH 4 and was near the 2008 upper bound for CO 2 /N 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Spanish railway network is very complex, with two different track gauges: the broad classic Iberian track gauge and the so called international gauge, the latter used in the extensive high speed network. All new lines have been built with double track and top technologies. But there are controversial opinions among experts regarding how the network should grow. We had developed what we called isochrone circle graphs and a geometric index for radial railway networks improvement estimation, that can be very useful for decision taking regarding the improvement of railway lines. The corresponding paper was illustrated with a sketch constructed with a dynamic geometry system that used sliders to change the input parameters (timing to each peripheral destination and population of these destinations). Although very comfortable to use, altering the number of peripheral destinations considered required to construct a complete new sketch. To avoid this problem and in order to be able to perform symbolic computations and solve equations with the data obtained, we have begun from scratch and have designed and implemented a complete new package in the computer algebra system CAS Maple that takes as input the lists of destinations, timings and populations and builds the corresponding isochrone circle graphs and performs all the corresponding calculations. An important advantage of working in symbolic mode (i.e., of introducing parameters in the computations) is the possibility to work with unknowns (that represent network improvement goals) and consequently obtain the time improvement required in a line in order to fulfil a network specific improvement goal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Chile is an upper middle income country which health conditions have improved considerably over the last decades. It has a dual health system of both public and private health insurance and service provision, stratified by income and risk. Since 2000, Chile began a reform of the health system with the National Explicit Health Guarantee Regime as the core of the reform. It aims to be a comprehensive system of legally enforceable rights to receive quality healthcare with maximum waiting times, limited co-payments for priority health conditions. These health guarantees approach to providing universal and equitable coverage for quality healthcare in the dual health system. The pharmaceutical market is served today by local laboratories. The private channel distribution is concentrated in three pharmacy chains which have almost 1,200 shops all along the country. Chile holds the third place in Latin America where the biggest amount of medicines per inhabitant is sold. In 2013, a new legislation (Pharmaceutical's Law) was approved. Its main purpose was to encourage greater competition and transparency in the pharmaceutical market.The pharmaceutical commercial practices were useful to give medicines a relevance that normally did not have. However, the generation of alternatives proposals that allows the analysis of medicines under a different vision is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A comparison of various input–output signal selection methods is presented. [•] Wind power plant contribution to power system oscillation damping is studied. [•] Recommendations are drawn to select the best signal pairs available from WPPs. [•] SISO and MIMO control system design approaches are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of electoral districts with a similar voting distribution to that of national ones may be used to forecast the national elections results. New Hampshire, in United States, Donzy in France, or Almendralejo in Spain have been known in the last decades as predictors of national results or 'bellwether electoral districts'. This article identifies some towns of this type in Spain, in relation with the results of the main political parties. To do that, it applies the perspective and techniques of 'precision journalism' or 'data journalism' and it shows and interdisciplinary and convergent research line among electoral sociology, political communication, journalism studies and the practice of journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes six instrumental arguments that ecosocialism, one of the main sensibilities of political ecologism, has offered in support of workplace democracy. Its aim is to determine whether this proposal is, apart from its possible coherence from a normative perspective, an effective tool to achieve their social, economic and environmental goals. The first section reviews the main features of ecosocialism and the concept of economic democracy. Then, we present the six instrumental arguments and analyze their validity according to the results of different case studies. The text concludes with a reflection about the role of democratic management of production units in the practical realization of the social and economic model advocated by ecosocialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tropical forest fragmentation is known to affect the spatial structure of the landscape and habitat. These alterations can modify the attributes of bat assemblages, however, this phenomenon has been little studied and understood. In this work we evaluated the structure of landscape (i.e. composition and configuration) and vegetation, and its relationship with assemblage- and population-level characteristics of phyllostomid bats in a tropical rainforest of Southeastern Mexico. For this, we previously selected 12 sites located in continuous and fragmented forests, where bats were captured using mist nets during a two years sampling effort (144 nights). Bats relative abundance, species richness (diversity of order 0, 0D), Shannon diversity index (¹D) and Simpson index (²D) were evaluated in all sites, and their relationship with seven measures of landscape structure and seven measures of vegetation structure was described using a Hierarchical Partitioning Analysis. A total of 1 840 individuals of 29 species of phyllostomid bats were captured in this period. Differences in the assemblages were manifested only in the relative abundance and not in the richness of the species. The assemblages of fragmented forest exhibited greater variation in species composition and a greater abundance of frugivorous and nectarivorous bats in comparison with the assemblages of continuous forest. The landscape configuration was related to the assemblage- and population-level attributes, contrasting with previous studies where the composition was a key element. At habitat level, tree density and canopy cover determined the abundance of bats. Nectarivorous and frugivorous bats were mostly found in disturbed vegetation landscapes, primarily due to landscape configuration (e.g. edge density). This phenomenon could be a response to the availability of food in primary and intermediate successional stages, which are characterized by an abundance of food value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]