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We prove that the category of F-coalgebras admits exact sequences, under condition F preserves pullbacks; the underlying category 풞 is assumed to be cocomplete with epi-(regular mono) factorizations, finite products and exact sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite element methods developed for unfitted meshes have been widely applied to various interface problems. However, many of them resort to non-conforming spaces for approximation, which is a critical obstacle for the extension to $\textbf{H}(\text{curl})$ equations. This essential issue stems from the underlying Sobolev space $\textbf{H}^s(\text{curl};\,\Omega)$ , and even the widely used penalty methodology may not yield the optimal convergence rate. One promising approach to circumvent this issue is to use a conforming test function space, which motivates us to develop a Petrov–Galerkin immersed finite element (PG-IFE) method for $\textbf{H}(\text{curl})$ -elliptic interface problems. We establish the Nédélec-type IFE spaces and develop some important properties including their edge degrees of freedom, an exact sequence relating to the $H^1$ IFE space and optimal approximation capabilities. We analyse the inf-sup condition under certain assumptions and show the optimal convergence rate, which is also validated by numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove a number of results on the survival of the type-I property under extensions of locally compact groups: (a) that given a closed normal embedding \mathbb {N}\trianglelefteq \mathbb {E} of locally compact groups and a twisted action (\alpha,\tau) thereof on a (post)liminal C^*-algebra A the twisted crossed product A\rtimes _{\alpha,\tau }\mathbb {E} is again (post)liminal and (b) a number of converses to the effect that under various conditions a normal, closed, cocompact subgroup \mathbb {N}\trianglelefteq \mathbb {E} is type-I as soon as \mathbb {E} is. This happens for instance if \mathbb {N} is discrete and \mathbb {E} is Lie, or if \mathbb {N} is finitely-generated discrete (with no further restrictions except cocompactness). Examples show that there is not much scope for dropping these conditions. In the same spirit, call a locally compact group \mathbb {G} type-I-preserving if all semidirect products \mathbb {N}\rtimes \mathbb {G} are type-I as soon as \mathbb {N} is, and linearly type-I-preserving if the same conclusion holds for semidirect products V\rtimes \mathbb {G} arising from finite-dimensional \mathbb {G}-representations. We characterize the (linearly) type-I-preserving groups that are (1) discrete-by-compact-Lie, (2) nilpotent, or (3) solvable Lie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research is to study the first natural triangular representation of the symmetric groups over a field K of characteristic p≠ 2 which deals with the partition λ = (n − 4,3,1) of the positive integer n. Furthermore, this work has proven that the S(n − 4,3,1) is a submodule of F1 . The F1 = KSn(x2x4x6x7² −x2x3x6x7² − x2x4x5x7² + x²x³x5x7² ) can be only split whenp|(n − 5). الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we prove by employing mapping Cone that the sequence and the subsequence of the characteristic-zero are exact and subcomplex respectively in the case of partition (6,6,4) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let X be a Hopf manifold with non-Abelian fundamental group and E be a holomorphic vector bundle over X, with trivial pull-back to ℂn − {0}. The authors show that there exists a line bundle L over X such that E ⊗ L has a nowhere vanishing section. It is proved that in case dim(X) ≥ 3, π*(E) is trivial if and only if E is filtrable by vector bundles. With the structure theorem, the authors get the cohomology dimension of holomorphic bundle E over X with trivial pull-back and the vanishing of Chern class of E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that the classical diagram lemmas of homological algebra for abelian groups can be generalized to non-abelian group-like structures, such as groups, rings, algebras, loops, etc. In this paper, we establish such a generalization of the "salamander lemma" due to G. M. Bergman, in a self-dual axiomatic context (developed originally by Z. Janelidze), which applies to all usual non-abelian group-like structures and also covers axiomatic contexts such as semi-abelian categories in the sense of G. Janelidze, L. Márki and W. Tholen and exact categories in the sense of M. Grandis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study an excision theorem of the dihedral and reflexive (co)homology theory of associative algebras. That is, for such an extension, we obtain a six-term exact sequence in the dihedral cohomology. Also, we present and prove the relation between cyclic and dihedral cohomology of algebras and some examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the notion of (short) quasi-exact sequence of S-acts is introduced. We study the behaviour of quasi-exact sequences in regard to some algebraic properties of S-acts including principal weak injectivity, principal weak flatness, regularity and torsion freeness. Moreover, some results concerning commutative diagrams of modules are generalized to acts over monoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A straightforward way is offered to convert a system of high order linear functional equations of various type into a system of first order equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different first order representations of high order linear PDEs, depending on which notion of the degree of a polynomial is chosen, are possible. Two notions of degree, namely, the total degree and multi-degree, are standard and the most natural. In our recent article, a straightforward way was provided to convert a system of high order constant coefficient linear PDEs into a system of first order PDEs based on the notion of total degree. In the present article, an analogous development is carried out in the multi-degree setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we find a generalization of the snake lemma and Schanuel's lemma in Hv-modules. We define the isomorph sequences and determine the conditions to split the exact sequences in Hv-modules. Some interesting results on these concepts are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi module is an axiomatisation of the hyperspace structure based on a module. We proposed this structure in our paper [2]. It can be thought of as a generalisation of the module structure in the sense that every module can be embedded into a quasi module and every quasi module contains a module. The structure of quasi module is designed on a commutative semigroup with an external ring multiplication and a compatible partial order which has a very intrinsic effect in the entire structure and plays a key role in any development of the theory of quasi module. In this paper we have introduced the concept of exact sequence on quasi modules and proved some Theorems related to exact sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that if E and F are large ideals of B(G) for which the associated coaction functors are exact, then the same is true for E ∩ F. We also give an example of a coaction functor whose restriction to the maximal coactions does not come from any large ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A straightforward way requiring no calculations is offered to convert a system of high order constant coefficient linear PDEs into a system of first order PDEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we provide an axiomatic analysis of the classical diagram chasing method of Mac Lane, that relies on duality and chasing elements of pointed sets, which allows one to generalize this method from abelian categories to non-abelian ones. Among the examples where the generalized method can be used are all modular semiexact categories in the sense of Grandis (which include all Puppe-Mitchell exact categories) and sequentiable categories in the sense of Bourn (which include all semi-abelian categories, and in particular, the categories of group-like structures). The method turns out to be closely related to the essential features of these categories. At the same time, in some sense, it simplifies the usual proofs of some of the standard diagram lemmas in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The largest class of multivalued systems satisfying the module-like axioms are the Hv -modules. The main tools concerning the class of Hv -modules with the ordinary modules are the fundamental relations. Based on the relation ε* , exact sequences in Hv -modules are defined. In this paper, we introduce the Hv -module M[A] and determine its heart and the connection between equivalence relations ε* M[A] and ε* A . Moreover, we define the M[-] and -[M] functors and investigate the exactness and some concepts related to them. Finally, we prove the five short lemma in Hv -modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the Bredon-Illman cohomology with local coefficients for a G-space X in the case of G being a totally disconnected, locally compact group. We prove that any short exact sequence of equivariant local coefficients systems on X gives a long exact sequence of the associated Bredon-Illman cohomology groups with local coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let V be a vertex operator algebra. The fusion products in this paper are defined by logarithmic intertwining operators. Under this setting, we prove the pure exactness of any extension of the V -module V . Namely, if 0 → Q → ϵ P → ρ V → 0 is a short exact sequence of V -modules and W is a V -module, then 0 → Q ⊠ W → ϵ ⊠ 1 W P ⊠ W → ρ ⊠ 1 W V ⊠ W → 0 is also exact, where we view it as a sequence of g ( V ) -modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: By means of a mixture of linear and nonlinear techniques, the paper treats quasi-Banach function spaces as -modules and studies the basic algebraical constructions and their interactions, placing the emphasis on tensor products. Sample result: if is an exact sequence of -modules and homomorphisms, where Y and Z are function spaces, and V is another function space, then the tensorized sequence is exact too. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this note, a construction of state representations of singular linear time-invariant differential systems is described directly in terms of trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we offer a systematic development of state representation theory for singular linear systems in the behavioural setting of Willems. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We formulate and prove a “five lemma”, which unifies two independent generalizations of the classical five lemma in an abelian category: the five lemma in a (modular) semi-exact category in the sense of M. Grandis, and the five lemma in a pointed regular protomodular category in the sense of D. Bourn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this article, the classical Popov–Belevitch–Hautus controllability test is generalized to higher dimensions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: It is shown that every centralizer from any “metric function space” to is continuous at the origin of . As a consequence, every short exact sequence of -modules splits if is a “minimal” function space, and in particular if . There are pairs of Orlicz function spaces such that , but . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The paper establishes a relation between exact sequences, parametric finite elements, and perfectly matched layer (PML) techniques. We illuminate the analogy between the Piola-like maps used to define parametric H-, H(curl)-, H(div)-, and L-conforming elements, and the corresponding PML complex coordinates stretching for the same energy spaces. We deliver a method for obtaining PML-stretched bilinear forms (constituting the new weak formulation for the original problem with PML absorbing boundary layers) directly from their classical counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is well known that diagram lemmas for abelian groups (and more generally in abelian categories) used in algebraic topology, can be suitably extended to “non-abelian” structures such as groups, rings, loops, etc. Moreover, they are equivalent to properties which arise in the axiomatic study of these structures. For the five lemma this is well known, and in the present paper we establish this for the snake lemma and the lemma, which, when suitably formulated, turn out to be equivalent to each other for all (pointed) algebraic structures, and also in general categories of a special type. In particular, we show that among varieties of universal algebras, they are satisfied precisely in the so-called (pointed) ideal determined varieties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We construct, for any double complex in an abelian category, certain "short-distance" maps, and an exact sequence involving these, instances of which can be pieced together to give the "long-distance" maps and exact sequences of results such as the Snake Lemma. Further applications are given. We also note what the building blocks of an analogous study of triple complexes would be [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the homology structure of the filtration of the space of self-adjoint operators by the multiplicity of the ground state. We consider only operators acting on a finite-dimensional complex or real Hilbert space, but infinite-dimensional generalizations are easy to guess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we determine the lower central and derived series for the braid groups of the projective plane. We are motivated in part by the study of Fadell–Neuwirth short exact sequences, but the problem is interesting in its own right. The n-string braid groups of the projective plane were originally studied by Van Buskirk during the 1960s, and are of particular interest due to the fact that they have torsion. The group (resp. ) is isomorphic to the cyclic group of order 2 (resp. the generalised quaternion group of order 16) and hence their lower central and derived series are known. If , we first prove that the lower central series of is constant from the commutator subgroup onwards. We observe that is isomorphic to , where denotes the free group of rank k, and denotes the quaternion group of order 8, and that is an extension of an index 2 subgroup K of by . As for the derived series of , we show that for all , it is constant from the derived subgroup onwards. The group being finite and soluble for , the critical cases are . We are able to determine completely the derived series of . The subgroups , and are isomorphic respectively to , and , and we compute the derived series quotients of these groups. From onwards, the derived series of , as well as its successive derived series quotients, coincide with those of . We analyse the derived series of and its quotients up to , and we show that is a semi-direct product of by . Finally, we give a presentation of . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Fuhrmann’s state-space construction (in its generalized form) is used to obtain a general theory of first order representations of Fliess models defined over an arbitrary noetherian commutative ring. The case of arbitrary linear delay differential equations is involved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Benson and Goodearl [Periodic flat modules, and flat modules for finite groups, Pacific J. Math.196(1) (2000) 45-67] proved that if M is a flat module over a ring R such that there exists an exact sequence of R-modules 0 → M → P → M → 0 with P a projective module, then M is projective. The main purpose of this paper is to generalize this theorem to any exact sequence of the form 0 → M → G → M → 0, where G is an arbitrary module over R. Moreover, we seek counterpart entities in the Gorenstein homological algebra of pure projective and pure injective modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A duality of two categories is introduced. It generalizes the Malcev description of torsion free finite rank abelian groups. An equivalence of two categories is also introduced. It generalizes the Kurosh description of p-primitive groups. The composition of the duality and the equivalence is the duality earlier introduced by W. Wickless and the author. It is shown that the last duality preserves exactness for short exact sequences of homomorphisms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Motivated in part by the study of Fadell–Neuwirth short exact sequences, we determine the lower central and derived series for the braid groups of the finitely-punctured sphere. For n ≥ 1, the class of m-string braid groups Bm(핊2\{x1,...,xn}) of the n-punctured sphere includes the usual Artin braid groups Bm (for n = 1), those of the annulus, which are Artin groups of type B (for n = 2), and affine Artin groups of type $\widetilde{C}$ (for n = 3). We first consider the case n = 1. Motivated by the study of almost periodic solutions of algebraic equations with almost periodic coefficients, Gorin and Lin calculated the commutator subgroup of the Artin braid groups. We extend their results, and show that the lower central series (respectively, derived series) of Bm is completely determined for all m ∈ ℕ (respectively, for all m ≠ 4). In the exceptional case m = 4, we obtain some higher elements of the derived series and its quotients. When n ≥ 2, we prove that the lower central series (respectively, derived series) of Bm(핊2\{x1,...,xn}) is constant from the commutator subgroup onwards for all m ≥ 3 (respectively, m ≥ 5). The case m = 1 is that of the free group of rank n - 1. The case n = 2 is of particular interest notably when m = 2 also. In this case, the commutator subgroup is a free group of infinite rank. We then go on to show that B2(핊2\{x1,x2}) admits various interpretations, as the Baumslag–Solitar group BS(2,2), or as a one-relator group with non-trivial centre for example. We conclude from this latter fact that B2(핊2\{x1,x2}) is residually nilpotent, and that from the commutator subgroup onwards, its lower central series coincides with that of the free product ℤ2 * ℤ. Further, its lower central series quotients Γi/Γi + 1 are direct sums of copies of ℤ2, the number of summands being determined explicitly. In the case m ≥ 3 and n = 2, we obtain a presentation of the derived subgroup, from which we deduce its Abelianization. Finally, in the case n = 3, we obtain partial results for the derived series, and we prove that the lower central series quotients Γi/Γi + 1 are 2-elementary finitely-generated groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of BCK-modules was introduced in [1]. In this paper we establish certain isomorphism theorems of BCK-modules and lay out its applications to the chains of BCK-modules. Moreover, exact sequences of BCK-modules are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]