Parametric finite elements, exact sequences and perfectly matched layers.

The paper establishes a relation between exact sequences, parametric finite elements, and perfectly matched layer (PML) techniques. We illuminate the analogy between the Piola-like maps used to define parametric H-, H(curl)-, H(div)-, and L-conforming elements, and the corresponding PML complex coordinates stretching for the same energy spaces. We deliver a method for obtaining PML-stretched bilinear forms (constituting the new weak formulation for the original problem with PML absorbing boundary layers) directly from their classical counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]