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Turkish folk music is considered an important musical genre with its deeprooted historical past, musical richness and wide repertoire. Its rich repertoire and musical structure is a rich resource for both those who want to learn music in a theoretical sense and performers. The bağlama also makes great use of this rich resource. This research focuses on producing etudes for baglama from TRT Turkish folk music repertoire works in the form of playing mood. In this study, which was conducted with qualitative research methods, the document analysis model was used. In the research, the work entitled Cirit Air, number 27 of the TRT Turkish folk music repertoire, was taken as an example. A total of 7 etudes from 5 motifs were derived from this work. These studies show the finger positions of those who want to learn baglama performance, local manners, basic performance techniques (ornamentation, legato, etc.), aims to improve fast and technical playing. As a result of the research, finger pressure, the development of the Ankara attitude, various position combinations, ornamentation, the development of legato (striking, pulling) techniques, studies for the development of fast and technical playing were produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is a descriptive study aimed at examining etude number 15 in J. F. Mazas's op.36 "Etudes Speciales" method, which is used in viola education in institutions where instrument education is given, in terms of right and left hand usage and musical dynamics. Content analysis method was used in the research. The sample of the research was “J. It consists of etude number 15 in the etüde book "F. Mazas Op.36 Etudes Speciales". Document scanning technique was used to collect data in the research. While examining the etude, different rhythm patterns, bow shapes, position transitions, articulation situations and mordent application styles were explained on a meter basis and study suggestions were presented in line with the findings obtained by the researcher. It has been understood that the etude consists of 41 measures, is written in the F major tone employs the mordent ornament type, mordent patterns are written clearly in the etude, aims to make the I, II, III, IV, V position transitions correctly, and also legato, tenuto and dependent staccato techniques are applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of violin education, which is deemed significant in musical education, is to equip individuals with fundamental techniques and skills. Technical exercises, regarded as a crucial step in learning an instrument in line with this goal, aim to overcome technical difficulties or acquire technical proficiency without musicality concerns. To achieve this objective, it is deemed necessary for the player to acquire technical skills that contribute to the formation of a strong foundation and to become equipped. In this study, the technical analysis of the etude number 20 from H. Schradieck's book "School of Violin Technique 1" was conducted. As a result of the research, it was determined that this etude, which was subject to technical analysis, has an important place in violin education in terms of technical development. In this study, the technical division of the etude is considered to support a more permanent and healthy violin education, and it is also believed to contribute to the execution of the etude in a more qualified manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many methods and etudes written in different schools since the 16th century to be used in violin education. Among these etudes, the most preferred one, which has an important place in the literature, is the work titled 24 Etudes written by the French violinist Pierre Gavinies, which is a bedside book for every performer to improve their technique according to their level. In our research, it was aimed to evaluate the right and left hand techniques of Gavinies' 24 etudes in detail, to determine which etude is intended to develop which technical skill and to provide solutions for the technical problems of the performers. The technical teachings contained in the etude were examined on the basis of qualitative research design and qualitative data were evaluated with the "content analysis" model to reveal the right hand and left hand violin techniques contained in the etude. According to this study, 24 etudes included techniques such as legato, staccato, extension (finger stretching), octave, interval studies, trills and ornaments, arpeggio, chord, double note, quintuple interval, flajole, wide position changes, high position use, various ligature patterns, string skips, staccato in the ligament. For the right hand technique, staccato, various ligature patterns and legato were mostly used. For the left hand technique, extension, position changes and trills and ornaments were used predominantly. The fact that the etudes contain various technical elements that are challenging for the right hand will enable the performer to develop a good right arm in terms of being able to adapt to every situation and difficulty. In his etudes, Gavinies used fingerings for the left hand that challenge the performer and require attention. The study of these etudes, especially the use of the sixth and seventh positions on all four strings and the passages written with finger stretches, offer the performer an important experience for a flexible and agile left hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat in Canada and disease surveillance is a critical component of integrated disease management, disease forecasting, prioritizing research and breeding efforts, grain handling, and cleaning post harvest. We report on the recent trends of FHB in Canadian wheat including incidence and severity from 1995 to 2021 based on data from 208,247 samples. Our results show a steady increase in FHB incidence from 1995, with an epidemic year in 2016, followed by several years of low incidence. Results also indicated that FHB severity has been stable over time, but not always correlated with incidence. Data from the analysis of 26,538 samples from 2018 to 2021 demonstrate a strong positive correlation between the number of Fusarium damaged kernels (severity) and concentrations of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Together, our results provide the most robust survey of FHB in Canada to date, which complement national and international disease monitoring and management efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As analytical psychology in China develops, especially with the China Society for Analytical Psychology approved for membership in the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), many Chinese, who are already familiar with MBTI®-based personality testing in corporations, are interested in learning more about Jungian theory and practice with regard to psychological types. The author, a Chinese psychologist, emphasizes current problems standing in the way of this development, such as the common opinion that MBTI is equal to psychological types. He reports his recent research that highlights the present understanding of psychological types within China. Noting that Jung combined two attitudes with four functions to form eight function-attitudes of consciousness, the author explores the possible connection between Jung's eightfold system and the eight trigrams that organize the wisdom that the I Ching brings to emergent situations requiring exceptionally conscious decision-making. He compares I Ching translator Richard Wilhelm's naming and description of these eight Gua with Jungian analyst John Beebe's descriptions of the eight function-attitudes and finds striking parallels. This amplification sheds light on the archetypal nature of psychological consciousness as well upon the typology of it that Jung advanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field surveys indicate blackleg of canola has increased in western Canada since 2010. Earlier studies showed changes in the pathogen (Leptosphaeria maculans (Sowerby) P.Karst.; Lm) population between 2007 and 2010–2011. In this study, Lm isolates were collected from trap plots (591) and/or commercial fields (372) on the prairies between 2012 and 2014, and tested for the profile of avirulence (Av) genes on a set of host differentials for 10 Lm Av alleles. Up to 35 'Westar' trap plots were set up each year, and commercial fields were surveyed in the same area in 2012 and 2013. A similar trend was observed for Av profile between the two Lm populations; Av1, Av3, Av9 and AvLep2 were at low or very low levels, while Av2, Av4, Av6 and Av7 were present in >60% of the isolates. A total of 82 races were identified in these Lm populations, suggesting a greater diversity than those reported elsewhere. Margalef and Simpson indices also confirmed the greater genetic diversity in Lm. In fact, for each known R gene, there is at least one virulent race already existing in the Lm population. The races carrying Av2, Av4, Av6 or Av7 accounted for >70% of the Lm population, indicating that an R gene corresponding to any of these Av alleles may be effective against blackleg on the prairies. However, Av results alone appeared insufficient for explaining different levels of blackleg observed in canola fields; additional factors, possibly including crop rotation and local weather, may also play a role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a bibliometric study of their scientific publications, the scientific expertise of six personalities on the subject of Covid-19 is examined and related to their recommendations on how to deal with the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic review of studies on the usage of the user space of acadmic libraries which were published 2009–2019 revealed on the one hand that the individual, silent work on academic tasks is still the main activity. Other assumed changes did not occur in the predicted scale. On the other the review revealed that libraries tend to look just on their own case, did not reuse existing instruments and perform nearly no comparisons with other libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to identify the most important aspects of the Beneficiary Training Service in digitization environment through a descriptive study of a sample of Arab university libraries websites to identify the techniques and the different forms to manage this service and its important related topics. The results indicate that half of the studied websites do not provide this service and the libraries providing it keep the textual forms to get sources to the beneficiary training through their websites. The main topic on these courses is on reference citation and avoiding plagiarism methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a retrospective descriptive analytical study in the Department of Clinical Haematology at the Mohammed V Military Training Hospital in Rabat over a period of 10 years. This study included 76 patients diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) between 2008 and 2018. The average number of cases per year was 7.6. Out of 76 patients, 57% were men and 43% were women. The average age of our study population was 65.75 ± 12.55. The average age was 66.88 ± 13.10. No cases of profession exposed to disease was reported. Ninety-seven point three percent of patients had primary myelodysplastic syndrome and only 2 or 2.7% had myelodysplastic syndrome secondary to chemotherapy. The average time between the first visit and the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome was, on average, 33.6 days ± 51, with a median of 19 days. The IPSS prognostic score was: low risk in 37.4% of cases, intermediate risk 1 in 46.6% of cases, intermediate risk in 12% of cases and high risk in 4% of cases. Thus, 84% of patients had low-risk MDS and 16% had high-risk MDS. Regular monitoring of patients showed many complications such as bleeding in 13% of patients, infections in 8% of cases, secondary hemochromatosis as a result of iterative transfusions in 6.6% of patients and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia in 2.7% of patients. In our study, abstention was the therapeutic choice in 42.1% of patients, transfusion was recommended in 35.5% of patients: red cells in 70% of cases, platelet concentrates in 40% of cases, iron chelators in 25% of transfused patients and EPO in 27% of patients. azacitidine was prescribed in 18% of patients, 50% had low-risk MDS and 50% had high-risk MDS. Bone marrow transplant was the only curative treatment for MDS. It was performed in a single patient with high risk MDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to identify typological and functional features of etudes in various forms of artistic and intellectual activity and their intersection with the poetics of piano etudes. The methodology is based on the following approaches: analytical, musicological, genre-style, etymological, interdisciplinary, historical-cultural, allowing to identify factors that contribute to the identification of spiritual, semantic, and stylistic specifics of etudes in various types of art and intellectual creativity, as well as an important component of European piano music of the XIXXX centuries. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by its analytical perspective, taking into account the typological characteristics of this genre and its analogs both in musical art and in other types of artistic and intellectual activities. Conclusions. The study of the etymological and semantic indicators of the word «etude» allows us to identify its general content in various types of creative and intellectual activities of a person, its «prolitical meaning», which is determined at the level of educational, research support work, oriented ultimately to gain Mastery. In various areas of creative activity (painting, theater, chess, sociology, etc.), the study performs the role of «push-action» in understanding the nature, theme, genre, role, social issues, works and is associated not only with «entry» - the development of certain typological models and artistic principles of their functioning but also with the means of their "technical interpretation". The typology of a musical etude demonstrates the ability to enter and implement other genre typologies (instrumental, vocal) and related means of expression. The indicated qualities of the etude are generalized at the level of understanding of it as a universal «conceptual-avant-garde» genre that is potentially open to any type of content and outlines the milestones in the development of European instrumentalism and piano performance of the 19th-20th centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The violin, which is defined as the smallest member of the string instrument family, is not only a wide range of sounds but also a fretless instrument and it is very technically rich with its difficulties. It is divided into two as right hand technique and left hand technique. While learning the instrument in violin education, correct working habits are important to develop technically and musically. In this study, it is aimed to be useful by presenting the transitions that are one of the left hand techniques, position studies and study suggestions that can be used in transferring them to the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to identify the poetic-intonational and genre specifics of Ukrainian piano etude XIX-XX centuries. in the context of the style searches of the mentioned period, as well as the general evolution of the genre. The methodology of the work is the intonational concept of music from the perspective of intonational-stylistic, etymological analysis inherited from B. Asafiev and his followers. The following approaches also proved to be essential for this work: analytic musicology; genre-style; interdisciplinary, giving the opportunity to attract concepts from other areas of knowledge-philosophy, art history, cultural studies, etc.; historical and cultural, allowing to identify the factors that contribute to the identification of spiritual-semantic and stylistic specificity of Ukrainian piano etude as an essential component of European instrumentalism of the XIX-XX centuries. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by its analytical perspective, which takes into account not only the identification of the genre-style specificity of a piano etude in Ukrainian music of the late XIX – first half of the ХХ century but also its inscription into the context of the general evolution of the genre. Conclusions. Ukrainian piano etude XIX-XX century – a significant contribution to the historical development of this genre. His samples in the heritage of V. Kosenko, B. Lyatoshinsky, A. Shtogarenko, and others demonstrate not only the stylistic signs of creativity of the authors mentioned but also the familiarity of the Ukrainian piano music with the conceptual and avant-garde typology of the etude, which was formed at the intersection of genre-style searches of European modern culture (neoclassicism, baroque, romanticism), the formation of the Ukrainian national instrumentalism and performing arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En France, la recherche clinique sur les personnes humaines est encadrée sur le plan réglementaire par la loi Jardé dont les décrets d'application ont été publiés en novembre 2016. L'autorisation d'un comité de protection des personnes est obligatoire pour les recherches interventionnelles et non interventionnelles. Les études sur données provenant des dossiers patients dans le cadre du soin, souvent utilisées pour les travaux de thèse ou de publication, ne sont pas considérées comme des recherches sur les personnes humaines. Ces données médicales sont des données à caractère personnel. La commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés a également un rôle réglementaire important au cours des recherches cliniques afin de garantir le respect de la réglementation sur les données personnelles. Nous détaillons dans cet article les différents types de recherches, les différentes instances réglementaires et la conduite à tenir en pratique pour effectuer un travail de recherche. In France, clinical research involving human beings is regulated by the Jardé's law since November 2016. The law distinguishes interventional and non-interventional studies. Both need to be authorized by a Persons Protection Committee. Studies performed on medical data collected during standard clinical care are not considered as studies involving human beings. Medical data are personal data. French Data Protection Authority National has an important role, guarantying the respect of regulation on personal data. We summarize in this article the different types of studies and the role of regulatory authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The etudes which have an important role in solving the technical and musical problems that an individual comes across during the instrument training are used effectively during this process in terms of purpose and practice. Within this scope, the etudes, a being part of systematic study to improve the technique, are thought to have an important place in solving the specific, technical and musical problems. The etudes written for the purpose of improving the instrument are the exercises that help to improve the instrument technique at the mastery level, which help to overcome many of the difficulties encountered in the studied work and which benefit the technique that the performer will gain. Many composers have written books about improving the instrument technique and mastery level. In this context, it's believed that C .J. Andersen's etude books which are among the flute literature have an important role in gaining technical and musical outcomes in flute training. For this purpose, technical and stylistic analysis of the Number 2 Etude in C. J. Andersen's Op. 15 has been done in this study. As a result of the research, it's been determined that etudes have an important place in flute training in terms of technical and musical development. This study supports a more permanent and healthy flute education in terms of the technical clustering and stylistic analysis of the study. Analyses of works and studies conducted for instrument education are necessary and important in terms of better understanding and interpretation of works or studies that are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out in order to determine the etudes and musical works used by the flute teachers in the flute education of Fine Arts High Schools. It is a descriptive study based on research field research and includes a single screening model which is one of the general screening models. The study sample depends on the Ministry of Education in Turkey constitute 15 fine arts high schools and flute educators who work in these institutions. It was concluded that the flute teachers of the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grade were the most preferred by the flute teachers for the works of the Baroque Period composers and the study books by Giuseppe Gariboldi, Emill Prill, Ernesto Köhler and Marcel Moyce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé L’accompagnement post-adoption des enfants adoptés est aujourd’hui le grand défi à relever. En effet, après les années où l’adoption internationale culminait au niveau mondial à 45 000 enfants par an, comme en 2005, elle chute très fortement et concerne maintenant en majorité des enfants à besoins spécifiques : avec problèmes de santé, adoptions tardives, fratries avec enfants grands. Actuellement, beaucoup de ces enfants parviennent à la phase critique de l’adolescence avec l’existence d’un passé multi-traumatique impactant leur devenir. Compte tenu des nombreuses demandes d’accompagnement des familles au cours de cette période de haute vulnérabilité individuelle et familiale, l’ONG Médecins du Monde a réalisé une étude rétrospective sur une population d’adolescents adoptés. Ces résultats viennent compléter ceux déjà publiés, présentant son expérience d’OAA sur une période de 22 ans d’activité à travers trois enquêtes successives auprès des familles. La base de données constituée de 1122 enfants adoptés par 944 familles a permis de cibler au cours des deux dernières enquêtes, en 2012 et 2015, une population homogène de 230 adolescents adoptés, maintenant âgés de 13 ans à 21 ans. Les caractéristiques et les difficultés potentielles de ces adolescents, filles et garçons, sont comparées à celles des enfants adoptés plus jeunes par l’ONG ainsi qu’à la population générale. Les difficultés rencontrées par ces adoptés maintenant adolescents sont essentiellement à rapporter aux facteurs de risques rencontrés dans les pays d’Amérique latine et les pays de l’Est, caractérisés par les destitutions parentales, les violences et les maltraitances subies dans plus d’un cas sur deux. Un adolescent sur 4 a connu une durée d’institutionnalisation supérieure à 5 ans. Le lien parent–adolescent est resté dans la majorité des cas affectueux et complice, malgré des troubles du comportement sévères. Certains de ces troubles psychologiques présents dès l’arrivée de l’enfant ont été pérennes, ou se sont révélés a posteriori, dominés par la violence, l’agressivité, le mensonge. Cependant, 10 % à 15 % de ces enfants ont manifesté des relations distantes ou difficiles avec leurs parents, voire très difficiles, pouvant aller jusqu’à la rupture du lien parent–adolescent. Les spécificités des 13 cas extrêmes concernés sont présentées. Post-adoption follow-up of adopted children actually became an important challenge after the time when international adoptions reached the number of 45,000 children/year in 2005 worldwide; it has dropped sharply since then and concerns now more children with special needs: health problems, late adoptions, siblings with older children. Now many of these children are reaching the critical phase of adolescence with their multitraumatic past impacting their future. Taking into account the many requests for support families during this period of high vulnerability, the NGO Médecins du Monde has conducted a retrospective study on a population of adopted adolescents. These results complement those already published of three successive and similar surveys on the future of adopted children over 22 years. The database compiled in the last surveys in 2012 and 2015 made it possible to target a homogenous population of 230 adolescents now aged 13 to 21 from a population of 1122 children adopted by their 944 families. Their profiles and difficulties are compared to young adoptees and the general population. The specificities of these adoptions mainly concerned countries from Latin America and Eastern Europe with risk factors marked by parental destitution, violence and child abuse in more than 1 out of 2 cases. One adolescent out of 4 lived in an institution for more than 5 years. The parent - adolescent link remained in the majority of cases affectionate or accomplice despite severe behavioral disorders, which were perennial in some cases or appeared later on, dominated by violence, aggressiveness, lying. However, from 10 to 15% had distant or very difficult relations with a risk of break down between parent and adolescent link. The specificities of the 13 extreme cases concerned by breakdown are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Si abandonner signifie étymologiquement « laisser à la merci de » (en référence aux bébés laissés dans les tours, à la merci des bêtes sauvages), c’est surtout aujourd’hui rompre les liens de filiation qui assurent à l’enfant stabilité, permanence et lui procurent un sentiment de continuité d’être et de sécurité interne. Ces liens lui permettent de se situer dans une histoire, dans un réseau généalogique. Ils lui assurent un ancrage transgénérationnel entre le passé et le futur, ainsi qu’un sentiment d’appartenance à un corps familial. La filiation se réfère à l’acte de procréation, à un cadre législatif et à un acte psychique qui se construit avec le temps et permet de se considérer « fils ou fille de ». Qu’en est-il de ces liens de filiation quand l’enfant a été adopté, quand son histoire a commencé, loin de son pays d’accueil, par un abandon, souvent dans un contexte à hauts risques ? Quels liens garde-t-il avec son passé et son pays d’origine ? Que représente pour lui d’avoir été adopté ? L’organisme autorisé pour l’adoption (OAA) Médecins du Monde (MdM) a mené 3 enquêtes successives et similaires sur le devenir des enfants adoptés. Elles ont porté sur 3 périodes très différentes de l’adoption internationale : 1990–2000 dominée par des enfants originaires de Roumanie et du Brésil, 2001–2005 dominée par des enfants originaires de Chine et 2006–2012 marquée par le tarissement progressif de l’adoption internationale et son évolution vers l’adoption d’enfants à besoins spécifiques : enfants grands (âgés de plus de 5 ans), fratries, enfants malades et/ou handicapés. Un questionnaire adressé aux parents leur a permis de s’exprimer sur la façon dont leur enfant et eux-mêmes ont abordé la question des origines et des liens gardés avec le pays d’origine. Si plus de la moitié des enfants, dès 8 ans et demi, se posent des questions sur leurs origines, cela n’envahit pas leur vie psychique. Il s’agit plus d’un retour vers le pays et sa culture que du désir de retrouver leurs parents. Très peu réalisent le voyage dont les conséquences sont plutôt positives. Ces résultats nous ont incités à mieux préparer les parents parfois surpris, voire inquiets, des questionnements de l’enfant sur son passé. Compte tenu de l’évolution de l’adoption vers des enfants de plus en plus éloignés du projet initial des parents, ce travail a conduit à une professionnalisation de plus en plus grande de l’OAA, dont un travail en partenariat avec les « Consultations, Orientation, Conseils, Adoption » (COCA), tant avant l’adoption qu’après celle-ci. If abandon means etymologically “leaving at the mercy of” (in reference to the babies left in towers, at the mercy of wild animals), it is especially today to break the links of filiation for the child stability, and get him a feeling of continuity to be and of internal security. These links allow him to be situated in a history in a genealogical network. That represents for him a transgenerational anchoring between past and the future, as well as a feeling of membership in a family body. The filiation refers to the act of reproduction, to the legal framework and to the psychic act which builds itself in time and allows to be considered “son or girl of”. What about these links of filiation when the child was adopted, when his history began, far from his host country, with abandonment, often in a high-risk context? What links does he keep with his past and his country of origin? The question is: what does it mean to have been adopted? The NGO Médecins du Monde (MdM) conducted 3 successive and similar surveys on the future of the adopted children. They concerned 3 periods very different from the international adoption: 1990–2000 dominated by children native of Romania and Brazil, 2001–2005 dominated by children native of China and 2006–2012 marked by the progressive drying up of the international adoption and its evolution towards children's adoption at specific needs. If more than half children, from 8 and half years, ask themselves questions on their origins, it does not invade their psychic life. It is more for a travel in the country and its culture than the desire of finding their parents. The consequences of this travel are rather positive. These results incited us to prepare better the parents, sometimes surprised, even worried, by questionings of the child on his past. The evolution of the adoption towards children is more and more distant from the initial project of the parents. We propose to prevent difficulties with the child and the parents, with a specific preparation and support of the families and of the children, a professionalization of the NGO, and a work in partnership with the “COCA”, before the adoption and after this one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youths exposed to armed conflict have a higher prevalence of mental health and psychosocial difficulties. Diverse interventions exist that aim to ameliorate the effect of armed conflict on the psychological and psychosocial wellbeing of conflict affected youths. However, the evidence base for the effectiveness of these interventions is limited. Using standard review methodology, this review aims to address the effectiveness of psycho -logical interventions employed among this population. The search was performed across four databases and grey literature. Article quality was assessed using the Downs and Black Quality Checklist (1998). Where possible, studies were subjected to meta-analyses. The remaining studies were included in a narrative synthesis. Eight studies concerned non clinical populations, while nine concerned clinical populations. Review findings conclude that Group Trauma Focused--Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is effective for reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and improving prosocial behaviour among clinical cohorts. The evidence does not suggest that interventions aimed at non clinical groups within this population are effective. Despite high quality studies, further robust trials are required to strengthen the evidence base, as a lack of replication has resulted in a limited evidence base to inform practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing subgroup of patients with poor outcomes after hip arthroscopy for intra-articular pathology suggesting unrecognized cause(s) of impingement may exist. Extra-articular hip impingement (EHI) is an emerging group of conditions that have been associated with intra-articular causes of impingement and may be an unrecognized source of pain. EHI is caused by abnormal contact between the extra-articular regions of the proximal femur and pelvis. This review discusses the most common forms for EHI including: central iliopsoas impingement, subspine impingement, ischiofemoral impingement, and greater trochantericpelvic impingement. The clinical presentation of each pathology will be discussed since EHI conditions share similar clinical features as the intra-articular pathology but also contain some unique characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectif Cet article traite à la fois de l’adaptation de l’inventaire du stress professionnel aux Métiers de l’Urgence et de l’analyse corrélationnelle de l’échelle avec des troubles psychopathologiques tels que l’état de stress post-traumatique et le burnout . Étude 1/Matériel et Méthode Trois cent soixante-quinze sapeurs-pompiers âgés en moyenne de 37,83 ans (±10,05) et ayant 16,8 années d’ancienneté (±9,83) ont répondu à ce questionnaire à l’adaptation de l’enquête de stress professionnel dans laquelle des aspects opérationnels ont été intégrés. Résultats Suite à une analyse factorielle en axes principaux avec rotation Promax, 17 items ont été retenus pour expliquer la pression professionnelle et le travail opérationnel tant dans son intensité que dans sa fréquence. Cet instrument montre des indices de consistance interne satisfaisants. Étude 2/Matériel et Méthode Les corrélats psychopathologiques ont été testés auprès d’un échantillon de 192 urgentistes composé de 85 sapeurs-pompiers et de 107 professionnels de l’urgence dont l’âge moyen est de 38,02 (±8,42) et 12,44 années d’expérience (±4,78). Résultats La pression professionnelle et le travail opérationnel sont associés à la fois au burnout et à l’état de stress post-traumatique. Parmi l’ensemble des facteurs, la fréquence du travail opérationnel est à la fois un facteur de risque de l’état de stress post-traumatique et un facteur de protection favorisant l’accomplissement personnel. Conclusion Les études actuelles suggèrent que l’inventaire de stress professionnel adapté aux métiers de l’Urgence est une mesure fiable et valide pouvant être utilisée comme un indicateur pour les services de santé désireux d’analyser l’environnement et la qualité de vie au travail de ces professionnels. Objectives Adapt the French version of the Job Stress Survey to the Emergency workers in order to define a dedicated and sharp measurement identifying both the professional and operational stressors (Study 1). Then, we assess the link between this measure and both PTSD and burnout (Study 2). Study 1/Materials and Methods Three hundred and seventy-five French firefighters aged in average of 37.83 years old (±10.05) and having 16.8 years of seniority (±9.83) answered the questionnaire in which the operational work dimension has been added. Results Following a Principal Axis Factoring analysis with Promax rotation, 2 factors namely Job Pressure and Operational Work have been selected for the Intensity and the Frequency scales. The results highlight the satisfactory internal consistency of the scale adapted to French emergency workers. Study 2/Materials And Methods To test the association between this new measure and both PTSD and burnout, a sample of 192 emergency workers composed of 85 firefighters and 107 workers of the specialized mobile emergency unit (SMUR) aged in average of 38.02 (±8.42) and having 12.44 years of seniority (±4.78) answered to the Maslach Burnout Inventory and to the Posttraumatic Checklist Scale. Results The Job Stress Survey adapted to Emergency workers is associated with the burnout and the posttraumatic stress disorder. Among all the factors, the frequency of operational work is both a risk and a protective factor because it contributes to personal accomplishment. Conclusions The current studies suggest that the Job Stress Survey adapted to French emergency workers is a reliable measure that could be used as an indicator for the healthcare services willing to promote the quality of occupational life among these workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Enquête menée en 2012 par l’Organisme autorisé pour l’adoption Médecins du Monde sur le devenir de 582 enfants adoptés entre 2001 et 2005. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les données spécifiques de l’adoption internationale, et les troubles dont peuvent être atteints ces enfants, à partir d’un certain nombre de facteurs particuliers et prédictifs dont il convient de tenir compte pour l’évolution des pratiques d’accompagnement des familles. Cette analyse est rapprochée d’une première étude menée sur la période 1990–2000 (soit un total de 985 familles et 1077 enfants adoptés sur 15 ans) et des autres études internationales menées sur ce même sujet. Dans cette étude, la majorité des enfants sont des petites filles originaires de Chine, adoptées avant l’âge de 2 ans, dont les séjours en institution ont été relativement courts. Nous avons analysé les données suivant différents critères de l’adoption internationale : l’institutionnalisation en fonction des pays, les causes d’abandon des enfants, le poids de leur passé en matière d’évènements traumatiques vécus, puis les facteurs d’adaptation de l’enfant à partir de son arrivée dans sa famille d’adoption. L’enquête met en évidence l’intérêt d’une adoption précoce, facteur positif sur l’adaptation de l’enfant, et sur le développement de ses relations affectives avec ses parents, sa famille élargie et son milieu social. Le passé traumatique de l’enfant est un facteur de risque quant à l’évolution de ces relations. L’adolescence de l’enfant adopté est une période où s’observent des relations familiales difficiles, voire agressives. Douze cas de rupture entre l’enfant et sa famille ont été recensés (2 %), dont neuf dans une situation grave, sur 582 enfants. Le non-respect du projet initial de la famille devient alors un facteur de dégradation des relations. Cette étude corrobore les travaux déjà réalisés et propose une prévention des difficultés qui peuvent survenir par la préparation et le soutien des familles, et par la préparation des enfants en coopération avec les pays d’origine. Survey conducted in 2012 by the NGO Médecins du Monde on the future of 582 children adopted between 2001 and 2005. The objective of the survey is to analyze the specificities of the international adoption and the disorders that may affect the children, looking for distinctive and predictive factors that should be taken into account to improve the accompaniment and support of the families. This analysis is to be put in parallel with a similar survey conducted by Médecins du Monde between 1990 and 2000 (both surveys totalize 985 families and 1077 children over 15 years) and with other similar international surveys. In this survey, the most of the children are Chinese girls adopted before the age of 2. We have compared data according to different international adoption criteria: institutionalization, reasons for abandonment, past traumatic history, age at adoption and have looked at the potential impact on familial and social adaptation. The survey highlights the importance of early adoption, a positive factor on the child adaptation and on the development of affective relationships with the parents and the extended family and with the social environment. Past traumatic history is a risk factor for these relationships evolution. Another identified risk factor is the failure to respect the initial project of the parents. The adolescence of an adopted child is a critical period where familial relationships can be difficult even aggressive. Twelve cases of disruption between the child and the family are reported, nine of them considered as serious, out of a total of 582 children. This study corroborates the results of previous studies. We propose that to prevent difficulties with the child and the parents specific preparation and support of the families and of the children in cooperation with the country of origin are systematically put in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The barley pathogensUstilago nuda,U. nigraandU. hordeiare seed-borne fungi likely introduced to western Canada on host seed by early European settlers. They initially caused large losses in barley crops, but the development of effective control practices has lessened their impact in western Canada. Monitoring of the incidence and severity of these pathogens in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and to a lesser extent, Alberta has occurred annually from 1972 to 2009. The mean annual percentage of fields with plants expressing loose smut [U. nuda] was 47% and surface-borne smut [U. nigraand/orU. hordei] was 24%. The average percentage of fields in which plants infected withU. nudaandU. nigraand/orU. hordeiwere found was 11%. There did not appear to be a relationship in incidence between loose smut-infected plants and surface-borne smut-infected plants. The mean annual percentage of plants per field infected withU. nudawas 0.6%, and withU. nigraand/orU. hordeiwas 1%. In general, the incidence and severity of these pathogens was greater in an area extending from south central Manitoba, through the northern crop districts of Saskatchewan and Alberta. The incidence of loose smut was greatest during the 1980s and 1990s, but has declined since then, while the incidence of surface-borne smut was greatest in the 1970s, followed by a steady decline in incidence until 1999, after which plants expressing surface-borne smut symptoms were uncommon in western Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: This two-part study proposes a dynamic model for the orbiting scroll based on the pressures in scroll chambers. Part II investigates scroll compressors by using the dynamic model developed in this work to predicate the dynamic characteristics of the scroll compressors and the dynamic model is validated by comparing the predicted results with the experimental results of the powers of two air scroll compressors. This study utilizes two air scroll compressors and ten virtual scroll compressors to investigate the pressure distribution on the wrap surfaces of orbiting scrolls, the component forces and moments of orbiting scrolls, the overturning moment of the scroll mechanism, and the theoretical driving power of scroll compressors. The effects of scroll type (such as modified-wrap scroll, truncated-wrap scroll, single-wrap scroll, multi-wrap scroll, odd-wrap scroll, and even-wrap scroll) on the dynamic performance of the scroll compressor based on the pressures in scroll chambers are also analyzed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Following a widespread trend in international research on R744 cooling applications, the authors have developed a test rig for investigating refrigerating cycles and equipment which operates with such refrigerant. The facility was designed aiming to a compact layout and to a high flexibility in terms of cycles and pieces of equipment to be tested. The test rig can operate stand-alone thanks to a passive load management system which works with water as secondary fluid. The paper gives some useful data, based on direct experience, for the realization and management of a multi-purpose test rig that allows the analysis of several cycle layouts over wide operating ranges. Some of the main critical issues related to proper plant and component design, a correct choice of the measurement equipment and a suitable system management are shown and discussed. The paper also includes experimental data obtained while testing a reciprocating compressor and a single-stage cycle layout both with and without using an internal heat exchanger. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A combined double-way thermochemical sorption refrigeration thermodynamic cycle was proposed and tested. Both adsorption refrigeration and resorption refrigeration processes were combined in order to improve the system performance. Two different consolidated composite materials were used as the reactive sorbents and ammonia was used as the refrigerant. Experimental results showed that a system operating with such proposed cycle can have two useful cold productions during one cycle at the expense of only one heat input at high temperature. The average specific cooling power (SCP) during the adsorption refrigeration phase was 301Wkg−1. Analysis of the experimental data showed that the driving equilibrium drop during the resorption process was much lower than that during the adsorption process, when the cold production temperature was similar. The proposed combined double-way sorption cycle has a larger cooling capacity per unit of heat input and the maximum theoretical coefficient of performance (COP) is 1.24 when MnCl2 and BaCl2 are used as the reactive sorbents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of mist-chilling on high-grade strawberry post-harvest quality (Cultivars “Gariguette” and “Mara des Bois”). Strawberries were chilled at 2°C using three processes: air blast chilling at 0.3ms−1 or 1ms−1 and mist-chilling at 1ms−1. After chilling, fruits were submitted to different distribution chains characterised by different handling conditions and storage temperatures (2°C or 7°C) and by a 12h retailing step at 20°C. Strawberry quality was assessed by measuring 7 parameters: weight loss, commercial loss, firmness, sugar content, acidity, colour and sensory quality. Compared to air-chilling, mist-chilling did not reduce chilling time but it reduced weight loss by 20–40%. Mist-chilling had no detrimental effect on commercial loss defined as the percentage of fruit more than 1/3 of surface affected. It did not induce any major changes on strawberry quality. Temperature fluctuations undergone during cold storage and retailing had a detrimental effect on weight loss. The beneficial effect of packaging on weight loss was confirmed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Discovery of paintings in the Palaeolithic cave of Gouy (Seine-Maritime, France): contribution of an unusual lighting system in the study of parietal art. On the richly engraved walls of Gouy, some traces of red colour seemed to bear witness to a minute use of paint. The study of these vestiges required a method capable of accentuating their possible outlines. After fruitless consultations and experiments, a solution was found in a domain very different from that of the study of parietal art. The adopted method, a lighting system (originally for use in biology) is particularly effective. This is the first time it has been used as an investigative method in the caves. In its first utilisation, it revealed a painted line, 1.3 m long (dark red). Yet no trace of paint had been known at this place. The section of wall in question was familiar and well published (for its engravings). The red line had never been discerned nor photographically recorded. This discovery led one to think that other painted elements might survive, and this was subsequently confirmed. Various (extremely ‘readable’) data have also been revealed by the same means. To cite this article: Y. Martin, C. R. Palevol 3 (2004). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Heat transformation with sorption systems has received increased attention in recent years. In this review it is intended to discuss current trends as well as forthcoming applications with the respective appropriate technology as it is deduced from activities in the field. Especially, we report about the papers and discussions of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference (ISHPC''99) which was held in March 1999 in Munich, Germany. The review is grouped into a fundamentals part, a part about thermodynamic cycles, and an applications part. In the fundamentals part the discussion about working pairs and heat and mass transfer is reflected. Thermodynamic cycles which are being discussed are special solid sorption cycles, cycles fit for low-temperature driving heat, compression-sorption hybrids, and open cycles. In the applications part the classical cooling business is the main issue. The review comprises chillers and refrigerators which may be direct fired or waste heat driven. Interest is given to the improvement of efficiency on the one hand as well as to adaptation to low temperature waste heat use on the other hand — two very different developments. The use of solar energy as a heat source belongs to that area also. An additional important role — for decades — is played by automotive application. The area of heat pumping for heating purposes is less prominent but not negligible. Systems with a large capacity are being installed every once in a while, but the small scale domestic market still is not really covered with appropriate technology. Finally, industrial heat pumping involves the reverse cycle (heat transformer) also. Activity in this field is rather small. In summary, no unexpected developments can be reported on, but progress is steady and the market increases continuously, especially in the far east. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]