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A practical functional assessment format was recently developed that informed a skill‐based treatment for the problem behavior of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Since its inception there have been multiple replications of the procedures; however, the comprehensive model has rarely been applied to populations with more complex comorbid disorders and severe problem behavior such as those diagnosed with anxiety or depression. We conducted the current study to systematically replicate the entire practical functional assessment and skill‐based treatment model with two participants diagnosed with multiple mental health disorders admitted to a severe behavior outpatient unit. The practical functional assessment identified reinforcers that were provided contingent on increasingly complex forms of communication. Problem behavior remained low for both participants after reinforcement was thinned by increasing a response requirement of completing difficult tasks. Furthermore, the results were socially validated by the parents and teachers and the treatment was extended to the home setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of uniform collection method (UCM) to recover costs particularly chronic nuisance property ordinances propose that abatement costs be recovered from the violating property owner through the annual property tax bill. It mentions that significant concerns that any local government considering adoption of such a chronic nuisance property ordinance with the special assessments of non-ad valorem.

The authors discuss an editorial report that marks the end of their four-year term of office as editors of the journal "Sociology."

A central ethical issue confronting researchers using visual methods is how to manage the use of identifiable images. Photographic and other visual materials can make the anonymisation of individuals problematic; at the same time many researchers, as well as research participants, view image manipulation as undesirable. Anonymisation is one of a range of ethical concerns that need consideration in relation to the use of identifiable images. Other concerns include the contexts in which images were produced and through which they may be consumed, the longevity of images in the public domain and the potential for future uses and secondary analysis of images. This paper explores some of the ways in which researchers specifically approach anonymisation in relation to visual methods, drawing on a qualitative study of ethical issues in visual research. Focus group discussions and interviews with researchers who use visual methods revealed the ongoing challenges of identification and anonymisation. While decisions about visual identification are inevitably complex and situated, our explorations revealed ongoing tensions between, on the one hand, research participants’ rights and researchers’ desire for participants to be seen as well as heard and, on the other hand, researchers’ real and perceived ethical responsibility to safeguard participants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article examines the professional mission of the scholarly periodical “Sociology.” The editorial responsibilities associated with the journal are discussed, and sales statistics are presented. It is attested that efforts have been made to obtain submissions of articles from authors outside of Great Britain, with 33 percent of submissions in 2010 coming from outside of the nation. The author states that the report intends to outline the progress of the journal and increase transparency in the peer-review process.

The article presents a summary of information related to the editing of the publication on the occasion of the first anniversary of the tenure of its editors. Circulation statistics for the publication are presented as well as statistics related to submissions of academic writing for publication. The authors state their main goals in their strategic plan for the publication, and offer evaluations of the progress made towards each goal. Special attention is paid to the effort to make the publication more international in scope in terms of its scholarship.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Brendan Gough on the use of psycho-discursive approach to analysing interview data, one by Anna Bagnoli on the use of drawing as a way of developing the art and practice of qualitative interviewing, and one by Sue Heath and colleagues on qualitative social network analysis.

This article is concerned with the interplay of young people's biographies and transforming landscapes in south-east Wales. In particular the article focuses on a South Wales Valleys town, Ebbw Vale, to explore how changes to a place can be understood in relation to, and alongside youth transitions. The article reports on the ways in which narratives of the transformation, redevelopment and regeneration of place sit alongside the biographical transformations of young people themselves, as they make their transitions into adulthood. The article draws on concepts borrowed from geography, anthropology and architecture to advance a sociological argument for the consideration of continuity and everyday registers of meaning as a way of understanding change - both to place and in young people's lives. The focus on a place which has undergone significant material, economic and landscape change enables the argument to be developed in relation to the transformation of communities and post-industrial economies. The article thus explores some of the connectivities between young people, locality, and (both imagined and real) biographical and material changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourses of citizenship have increasingly featured in social policies aimed at young people, particularly in relation to the promotion and crafting of 'active citizens'. The inclusion of citizenship education in school curricula, the Learning and Skills development agency post-16 citizenship development programme, and the recent Green Paper Youth Matters, all speak of instilling in young people the rights and responsibilities that come with citizenship. In this article we draw on empirical work on youth transitions to explore the ways in which citizenship is learnt and lived by young people themselves, The article draws on some of the models of citizenship identified by Lister et al. (2003) in their study on young people's perceptions of citizenship, particularly considering them in relation to the gendered experiences and realities of youth transitions to adulthoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an account of an access encounter, and uses this case to reinforce the potential for access meetings to provide a rich source of ethnographic data. The paper originates from one of the authors' experience of negotiating research access in a UK local authority social services department. In response to a summary research proposal sent in advance that expressed interest in social work with men, a gatekeeper expressed his concern during an initial meeting that the author might be a ‘paedophile’ wanting to make contact with others of a similar persuasion. This encounter, and the issue of sexual abuse that it introduced, highlights a number of ethical, epistemological and gendered tensions for ethnographic work, which this paper attempts to negotiate. Some of the potential implications of this specific access meeting are discussed, and set within broader methodological and empirical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article debates several theoretical perspectives that may have potential for explaining the gendered nature of child protection work, and aims to contribute to understandings of the gendered discourses and practices within which child protection work is situated. The article explores the potential contributions of concepts such as patriarchy, gender identities and occupational culture, and considers the gender inequalities generally present in social services departments. We argue that each of these perspectives is partially illuminating, but also limited in its conceptual relevance. More helpful is a post-structuralist emphasis on occupational discourses. The latter sections of the article draw on other theoretical frameworks for understanding the gendered contexts and realities of child protection work. In particular attention is paid to the regulation of the body, and to the interrelated discourses of class, gender and crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the variation in surface sediment deposition on salt marshes in the Bay of Fundy in New Brunswick. Thickness of sediments accumulated over clay marker horizons for the period of one year; Impact of changes in sediment supply on marsh accretion.

The growth and variety of qualitative research in education is used as a test case to challenge the narrative of ethnography proposed by Denzin and Lincoln. Their characterization of qualitative methods in terms of five (subsequently six) ''moments'' is not reflected in research on education. Ironically, their model is shown to be a modernist narrative that does not do justice do the diversity of qualitative research in the past. It is suggested that qualitative research has always been marked by greater diversity than is captured in unilinear developmental histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with questions of identity, citizennship and social change as these are experienced by young people in the UK today. In the course of recent changes to the context and content of youth transitions the notion of citizenship has come to the fore as a means of discussing young people's move into independent membership of society. Debates about citizenship in the UK currently encompass a range of complex themes -- competency, responsibility and active (community) participation -- which go beyond an understanding of citizenship as a simply technical or legal term. In this paper we adopt a broad conceptualization of citizenship in order to explore the identity work that young people engage in as they negotiate their way through to social majority. In particular, we consider how young people's need for space, and their emergent sense of place, are aspects of a citizenship identity which young people 'learn', work at and negotiate over in their leisure time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on ethnography. Historical framework developed by N.K. Denzin and Y.S. Lincoln; Five moments in ethnography; Significance of the time of traditional qualitative research from 1900 to 1950.

Studies have revealed that organizational commitment is often managed through symbolism. This paper focuses upon how time is used in an organizational context, symbolically and pragmatically, to demonstrate and demand commitment by new members. The paper draws upon data collected as part of a qualitative project on the occupational and organizational socialization of graduate accountants. Ethnographic fieldwork was carried out in a regional office of an international firm of chartered accountants in the United Kingdom. One aspect of the data analysis revealed that the management and utilization of time is central to understanding the socializing function of the accountancy firm, and to the ultimate organizational success of the graduate accountants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considers how and why teacher education in England and Wales largely fails to provide a framework or ethos conducive to the inclusion of a gender perspective. Information on teacher education; Challenges faced by teacher educators; Responses of teacher educators on anti-sexist work; Conclusions.

In this article, we consider the significance and practices of names and naming in adoption to develop understanding of the issue amongst scholars, policymakers, adoption practitioners, and adoption communities. Research on the topic of names and adoption is scarce and focused mostly on international and domestic adoptions in the United States. We draw on the research literature to critically explore names and naming in adoption through two recurrent and related themes. The first is "birth heritage," where names, forenames especially, are shown to be important in the approach taken by adopters to their child's birth family and cultural identity. The second theme is "family‐making," where namesaking and homogeneity of surname emerge, amongst others, as strategies to create, sustain, and display "family." In gathering together for the first time an otherwise scattered, disparate body of research, our article showcases names and naming as illuminating distillations of key contemporary challenges experienced by families formed through adoption. We conclude our article by considering emergent gaps in existing knowledge and understanding about names, naming, and adoption that might usefully be addressed, to inform professional advice and familial decisions about names, and enhance outcomes for adoptees and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endobronchial valve placement is a minimally invasive option for treatment of patients with severe emphysema, by reducing lung volumes in lobes with both poor ventilation and perfusion; ventilation is determined by emphysematous scores and perfusion by quantitative lung perfusion imaging. CT‐based fissure identifying artificial intelligence algorithms have recently demonstrated enhanced quantification of the perfusion in a 5‐lobar analysis. We hypothesized that this newly developed algorithm may offer greater utility in determining target treatment lobes by supplementing the radiographic risk stratification initiated by the conventional emphysematous scores alone. Methods: Quantification images of 43 deidentified individuals underwent perfusion SPECT/CT with Tc99m Macro‐Aggregated Albumin (4mCi/148MBq intravenous) using both conventional zonal anatomy and AI augmented 5‐lobar analysis. Analysis: Images were reviewed to demonstrate that the new algorithm was not inferior to standard of care imaging with zonal segmentation. A pilot subcohort analysis of 4 patients with severe emphysema who had pre‐endobronchial valve placement imaging demonstrated that an emphysema‐perfusion ratio greater than 3 was indicative of a potential target lobe. Discussion: We conclude that 5‐lobar analysis in not inferior to conventional zonal analysis and allows the determination of emphysema‐to‐perfusion ratio. Preliminary review of a small subcohort suggests an emphysema‐to‐perfusion ratio greater than 3 for a lobe may clinically benefit in endobronchial valve placement. Further evaluation with prospective studies and larger sample sizes are recommended before clinical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Names are increasingly recognised in sociology as important routes for understanding family relationships, as well as familial and individual identities. In this article, we use qualitative 'name story' data to examine the meanings of surnames for adults who were adopted as a child and for adults who have adopted a child. Our findings suggest that adult adoptees and adopters can feel differently about surnames and how these connect them—or otherwise—to familial identities of belonging and to their own individual identities. Especially for adopters, shared surnames are understood as important for 'family-making' through the way they cement and display familial belonging. Adult adoptees' feelings about belonging, birth surnames and adoptive surnames appeared more complicated and often changed over time. For some, adoption enabled a flexibility in the choice and use of different surnames. Cultures of patronymic and patrilineal surnaming meant that women adoptees and women adopters also faced an additional layer of complexity that shaped decisions made about surnames and family belonging. Through examining experiences of and feelings about family names in adoption, our article highlights the complexities of surname praxis in identity construction, adoptive family life and lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this editorial the author discusses the international profile of the journal "Sociology." The editor's goals include actively promoting international contributions to the journal, encouraging British contributors to locate their articles relative to international contexts and scholarship, and work towards having a balance of peer-reviewers from outside the United Kingdom (U.K.) in commenting on all submissions.

This article is based on qualitative research with fathers who attended Mellow Dads, an intensive ‘dads only’ group-based intervention underpinned by attachment theory for fathers of at-risk children. Specifically the article draws on data from a process evaluation of the programme in order to explore the challenges of engaging men in effective family work. The methods used to undertake the process evaluation included participant observation of one complete Mellow Dads course, interviews with fathers and facilitators, interviews with the intervention author and a study of programme documentation. The article focuses on the theoretical underpinning of the programme, its acceptability to the fathers and the challenges faced by facilitators in delivering the programme as intended. The fathers appreciated the efforts of facilitators to make the group work, valued the advice on play and parenting style as well as the opportunity to meet other fathers in similar circumstances. However, there were obstacles that impacted on the effectiveness of the programme. These included the considerable time required to get the men to attend in the first place and then to keep them coming, the lack of practice of parenting skills when fathers were not living with their children, and the difficulties of sharing personal information. The challenges identified raise questions about how much change can be expected from vulnerable fathers and whether programmes designed for mothers can be applied to fathers with little adaptation. The article aims to contribute to ongoing dialogue about the best way to successfully engage fathers in children's well-being, and raises the question as to whether working with fathers requires different skill-sets and approaches from the more familiar social work territory of working with mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the editor's views on the retirement of educational sociologist Len Barton, Chair of the Executive Editorial Board of the "British Journal of Sociology of Education." The author reflects on Barton's work related to disability studies, special education, and sociological studies of education. Information is also provided on inclusive education, pedagogical philosophy, and discrimination.

In this article, a constitutive aspect of the everyday world is attended to, which is too often absent or suppressed in social scientific accounts of social life: noise. A question is raised as to how social science has addressed the question of noise, through a reconsideration of sound and the everyday. Conventional "good practice" for the organization and conduct of research interviews is compared with alternative approaches more open to the space of everyday sounds, and the practice of soundwalking—the mobile exploration of (local) space and sounds—is offered as a productive context for the creative disturbance of the conventional interview. In closing, some of the possibilities of noise as these have been brought home to us in our own research with young people in noisy, everyday settings are set out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizenship is best understood as signifying a field of struggle: an arena in which relations linking individuals to their wider community, social and political contexts are continually discussed, reworked and contested. This paper explores the current preoccupation with citizenship in Britain, and relates this specifically to the challenges this presents for the youth service. The idea of active citizenship, first promulgated by the Conservative government in its attempt to mitigate the then triumphal New Right ethic of individual self-interest, has been seized on by the new Labour government as a central component of 'Third Way' politics-as a means of renewing civil society. How this may be communicated to, and engendered in young people remains, however, as contested an issue as the idea of citizenship itself. The 'tacit learning' for citizenship which takes place within youth work practice holds much promise, but for exactly this reason is also problematic because it cannot demonstrably project outcomes which are clearly formulated and measurable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]