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Presents the status of Catholic Church-state relations in Mexico under the administration of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari. Focus on Salinas' overture to the Catholic Church; Salinas' views on anticlericalism; Controversy sparked by Salinas' promise to modernize the government's relationship with the Catholic Church.

Reports on the alleged use of former Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari of the electronic mail. News item on the paper `Mexico City Times' on the presence of a Carlos Salinas in the Internet; Name sake Carlos Salinas Cordova; Salinas de Gortari's exile after Mexico's economic collapse.

We develop the first climate risk Stress Test for the Peruvian financial system following a topdown approach. Focusing on the microeconomic channel, we evaluate how heavy rainfall and droughts, under a scenario of pure physical risk, will marginally affect the probability of default (PD) of borrowers by 2050. Using information from the Credit Registry, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and CMIP6 precipitation projections (37 modeling groups), we calibrate the marginal impacts differentiating by economic sector and geographical location. We find that, on average, by December 2050, the probability of default of the Peruvian financial system would increase by 4.9% with respect to December 2020. By geographic area, borrowers located on the northern coast (Piura, Lambayeque) and the southern highlands (Ayacucho, Cusco) would be negatively affected by heavy rainfall, while the rainforest (Madre de Dios, Ucayali) would be negatively affected by droughts. Moreover, the economic sectors affected by heavy rainfall or droughts would be agriculture, commerce, and transportation & communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Law of Religious Associations and Public Worship (lARcP) occurred cyclical manner, but had several underlying factors that contributed to its enactment. Such factors were economic globalization and free market policies, which also have resulted in a deregulation or free competition in the religious field; the adequacy of the legal to a set of practices or habits and customs (modus vivendi) existing in this field; the example of the Spanish case was the model for the Mexican legislation; the requirement of the establishment and enforcement of human rights in the country and the reform and modernization of the Mexican state at the time they sought to legitimize the mandate of Carlos Salinas de Gortari (within which that law is enacted), from which joined the Catholic Church in the power bloc as a legitimating element necessary for the stability and governance. Economic globalization has also led neoliberal policies that have impacted both the religious field to create what is called symbolic goods market, in which the great churches are losing the monopoly of these and are faced with competition from other creeds to previously unavailable or marginal. Since the country's independence in 1810, the Mexican government had been strongly anticlerical, but over time came to realize peaceful coexistence between them and the Catholic Church in the so-called modus vivendi, which consisted of a no constitutional arrangements and cooperation. All this changed when the Mexican government was transmuted into a neoliberal State and when President Carlos Salinas de Gortari recognized the legal status of religious entities, among which the main target was the Catholic Church. Lacking experience and culture in ecclesiastical law, Mexican law took as a reference the lOlR to move it essentially to, the Mexican legal field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses issues related to the economic status of Mexico, under the leadership of President Carlos Salinas de Gertari, as of March 1991. Attempt to integrate the economy of the country with that of the U.S.; Improvement of the country's gross domestic product; Economic policies implemented; Comparison of economic reforms with the political reforms implemented by the president.

This research analyzes the economic law of Mexican State Government companies' privatization and its implementation during the presidential periods of Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León. We analyzed constitutional and legal regulations that contributed to the gradual withdrawal of the State from economic activities, as well as the description of its implementation main consequences. The results of our analysis highlighted some contradictions in legal reforms and their implementation. De la Madrid submitted his initiative of constitutional economical reform as a mean of rationalizing the State's economic roll through its own control. Salinas strengthened the model and did not accomplish the expected results. The privatizations of Zedillo were in order to obtain resources during the economic crisis of 1994-1995. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the views of Carlos Salinas De Gortari, former president of Mexico, and Roberto Mangabeira Unger, a Harvard law professor, on global capital market. Overview of the world financial crisis; Analysis on the financial crisis; Views on free trade, capital and labor; Insights on privatization, regulation and private-public partnership.

Studies the structure of the land market in Mexico under the changing economic conditions heralded by the election of Carlos Salinas de Gortari as Mexican president for the six-year period 1988-94. Favorable effects of inflation control; Economic liberalization; Speculations on the type of legacy that will be left for Salinas' successor.

Apart from the socio-political and cultural evolution that has led Mexico from the exacerbated anti-clericalism of the Constituent Assembly of Querétaro to the constitutional reform promoted by Carlos Salinas de Gortari in 1992, the conflict between the State and the Church in Mexico --especially during the Cristero War-- has contributed significantly to the evolution of Catholic thought on religious freedom, at a level that is not only national, but also universal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drafting of the first Código de Derecho Canónico of the Latin Church was established by Pope Pío X in 1904. The codifying task, however, was not the result of a closed group of experts. It considered the opinion of bishops around the world who were consulted in two different moments. In both cases, Chilean bishops were requested to provide their opinions. This work, which is based on documents from the Vatican Secret Archives, studies the contribution of Chilean bishops to the marriage discussion in the first round of consultation of 1904. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responds to issues raised by New Perspectives QuarterLy editor Nathan Gardels on the role of Mexico in the world marketplace. Issues on the formation and scope of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); Environmental concerns; Foreign investments; Integration in Europe; NAFTA as component of global free trade; Strategic positioning of Mexico; Open access to countries or trade areas.

In the eighties, Mexico vacillated between two political regimes: one, statist, populist, and authoritarian, and the other neoliberal, technocratic, and less authoritarian. The interest of powerful business groups, Mexican and foreign, who adopted neoliberal dogma, was sufficient to install Carlos Salinas de Gortari, via the "new" Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) in the presidency in a fraudulent election in 1988. The technocracy, first with the PRI and later with the Partido de Acción Nacional (PAN), grabbed power and retained it, carrying out a coup d'etat ex ante against Andrés Manuel López Obrador to keep him from winning the presidency in 2006. The reason is not hard to understand: this candidacy represented something that the power elites were not willing to concede: that the new regime would be toppled to return to one with more state intervention and protection of national sovereignty, especially in matters of control of energy resources. The dilemma of the two overlapping regimes was resolved, with scams and frauds, from the upper echelons of power, in favor of technocratic neoliberalism, under the control of the right-wing PAN since 2000. The major problem is that the center-left party of Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas and López Obrador, doesn't seem to be up to the historical challenge that it faces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reveals that the global capital market is no savior of the financial crisis spreading out from Asia and affecting countries as diverse as Brazil and Russia. Prospects for sustained and socially inclusive growth; Risk and benefits of globalization; Elements of a progressive alternative.

The article looks at the bourgeois democracy and political corruption in Mexico. Topics discussed the controversial victory of Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate Carlos Salinas de Gotari in the 1988 presidential election over Cuauhtémoc Cardenas of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and the victory of Felipe Calderon of PRI oer PRD candidate Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO).

Purpose This paper aims to broadly address a PhD research stream that the author has been conducting to date, whose historical objective is press photography, specifically the published images in La Jornada newspaper. A visual speech of the various contexts lived in Mexico at the end of the twentieth century. In the following lines, the author will present her methodology proposal with the aim of learning and analyzing the speech created by press photography and its relation to historical reality. A journalistic speech generating a language describing events, but at the same time a language manipulated by the subjectivity of the author – the press photographer. A historical timeline of which the photojournalist was part and which influenced the manner historical reality was perceived by the receiving social group.Design/methodology/approach It is important to clarify that this database does not intend to replace the estimations which could be obtained by directly and individually analyzing each photograph. However, this instrument has allowed the author to collect a great quantity of readable graphic and textual information, as well as to describe the characteristic attributes of each image as a documentary unit. In other words, the author intends to address the visual events as a part of the historical events, as claimed by the Mexican historian Ricardo Pérez Montfort. This to provide an in-depth study on how historical, social, cultural and political phenomena were registered by press photography; not omitting history, this specific moment, punctually requires photography and written journalism as a vestige. The latter not only with the purpose of going further on the functions of photography but also on the significance of the photographic phenomenon and the visual speech within social and cultural history of a country.Findings Furthermore, the author will present, to the extent possible, some elements which have allowed the identification of the manner in which the editor(s) of the newspaper impacted the presentation of visual speech, as well as the interests and visions of the social group they represent. This is a way to go further on different assumptions, such as the person taking the picture, the person editing it – after reaching the editorial and ideological line of the newspaper – as well as the person publishing the picture; a new manner to address editorial work and photojournalism on written media. To achieve the aforementioned aim, this essay comprehends the intertextuality and visual production, as well as the contexts lived throughout the six-year Presidential terms of office of Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León, through diverse published images in La Jornada newspaper from 1984 to 2000.Originality/value This research not only addresses the generated material by the photojournalists of La Jornada newspaper during this period but also includes, as a part of the oral history methodology, the testimonies of some assistant directors, people in charge of the photography department, the editor, the designer and photographers who stood out in the newspaper. In addition, the author has a database which has allowed to collect, store and connect information present in each of the photographs published on different covers and back covers of the newspaper. It comprises 15 categories which have been nurturing the database (reviewed dates, journalistic and photographic genders, reporters, pages, published photographs, photograph format, themes of the photographs, places, characters, titles of the photographs, photograph caption, credit, photograph composition, angle and time). It is important to clarify that this database does not intend to replace the estimations which could be obtained from directly and individually analyzing each photograph. However, this instrument has allowed the author to collect a great quantity of readable graphic and textual information, as well as to describe the characteristic attributes of each image as a documentary unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the advantages of regional trading blocs strengthened by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Impact on the development of international trading systems; Expansion of free trade zones including European Union agreements with non-European nations; Integration of the Asia Pacific Basin through the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

The year 2014 marked the twentieth anniversary of the assassination of Luis Donaldo Colosio, presidential candidate for the ruling Partido Revolucionario Institucional / Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The impact of this event on perceptions of the PRI and the Mexican political system has prevailed within the public imaginary, and continues to fuel conspiracy theories in relation to the possible motives for the candidate’s assassination. This article examines a filmic exploration of this traumatic moment in recent Mexican history, an event that changed the way the nation viewed its then President, Carlos Salinas de Gortari’s, and subsequent PRI governments. At this moment the public mood was transformed, from a prevailing sense of false security, driven by the dictums of neoliberal policies under the banner ofSalinismo, to a state of shock and fear of a society spiralling into increasing violence and an economic downturn, with repercussions for years to follow. FramingColosio: el asesinato(Colosio: the Assassination) within discourses of the thriller genre, and borrowing from theoretical notions of ‘conspiracism’, I explore the significance of Carlos Bolado’s film in light of the timing of its release (prior to the 2012 presidential elections), and the contents of its narrative. Moreover, the article explores the role of history and fiction in this detective story, alongside the way in which film as a medium processes traumatic events. Ultimately, I examine how the film’s metanarrative format provides the exploratory premise from which to access otherwise un-visualized and complex theories surrounding the case. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Epigenomic processes are believed to play a pivotal role for the effect of environmental exposures in early life to modify disease risk throughout the lifespan. Offspring of women with hypertensive complications of pregnancy (HTNPREG) have an increased risk of developing systemic and pulmonary vascular dysfunction in adulthood. In this preliminary report, we sought to determine whether epigenetic modifications of genes involved in the regulation of vascular function were present in HTNPREG offspring. We contrasted DNA methylation and gene expression patterns of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from young male offspring of HTNPREG (n = 5) to those of normotensive controls (n = 19). In HTNPREG offspring we identified six differentially methylated regions (DMRs) including three genes (SMOC2, ARID1B and CTRHC1) relevant to vascular function. The transcriptional activity of ARID1B and CTRCH1 was inversely related to methylation status. HTNPREG offspring had higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPPA) versus controls. Our findings demonstrate that epigenetic marks are altered in offspring of HTNPREG with a modest elevation of sPPA and introduce novel epigenomic targets for further study. On the basis of these findings we speculate that epigenomic mechanisms may be involved in mediating the effect of HTNPREG to raise the risk of vascular disease later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]