Search

Genetic resistance is the most economical and efficient way to reduce production losses brought on by diseases. Plant breeders continuously incorporate new, dependable sources into their breeding materials to continue developing disease-resistant genotypes. Fourteen certified wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar (Bahawalpur-2000, NIFA-Bathor08, Fareed-2006, Haider-2002, Imdad-2005, Lasani-2008, Marvi-2000, Moomal-2000, Manther-2003, Pirsabak-2006, Iqbal-2000, Pirsabak-2004, Shahkar-2013, and Wafaq-2002) seeds from the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and National Agriculture Research Center (NARC) were grown in pots. DNA obtained from fresh leaves of the wheat cultivars were screened for leaf rust resistance genes (i.e. Lr-51, Lr-47, Lr-46, Lr-37, Lr-36, Lr-35, Lr-34, Lr-28, Lr-25, Lr-19, Lr-13, Lr-9, and Lr-1 using PCR. Results showed that the Lr-47 gene was present in nine wheat cultivars, Lr-1 and Lr-28 in eight, Lr-5, Lr-9, and Lr-13 in three, and Lr-19 and Lr-37 in one cultivar. In the selected wheat cultivars, the resistance genes Lr-25, Lr-35, Lr-36, and Lr-46 were not observed. This study suggests cultivating wheat varieties Haider-2002, Iqbal-2000, Lasani-2008, Manther-2003, Pirsbak-2004, Pirsbak-2006, Shahkar-2013, and Wafaq-2002 for high level of resistance to rust and protection against high production losses. In future studies, phenotypic data alongside genotypic screening will improve the assessment of leaf rust resistance in wheat cultivars, leading to a better understanding of their disease resistance profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the advantages of q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic set (q-RFLS), which includes both linguistic and numeric data to describe evaluations, this article aims to design a new decision-making methodology by integrating Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and qualitative flexible (QUALIFLEX) methods based on the revised aggregation operators to solve multiple criteria group decision making (MCGDM). To accomplish this, we first revise the extant operational laws of q-RFLSs to make up for their shortcomings. Based on novel operational laws, we develop q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic (q-RFL) weighted averaging and geometric operators and provide the corresponding results. Next, we develop a maximization deviation model to determine the criterion weights in the decision-making procedure, which accounts for partial weight unknown information. Then, the VIKOR and QUALIFLEX methodologies are combined, which can assess the concordance index of each ranking combination using group utility and individual maximum regret value of alternative and acquire the ranking result based on each permutation's general concordance index values. Consequently, a case study is conducted to select the best bike-sharing recycling supplier utilizing the suggested VIKOR-QUALIFLEX MCGDM method, demonstrating the method's applicability and availability. Finally, through sensitivity and comparative analysis, the validity and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An induced magnetic field is produced owing to an electric current flowing through the conductor. The induced magnetic field and the length of the conductor are in direct proportion. The current study examines the comparison of Yamada-Ota and Xue thermal conductivity models for a mixed convective hybrid nanoliquid flow through the permeable vertical channel influenced by an induced magnetic field. The projected model is supported by the combination of thermal radiation and heat generation and multiple slip conditions imposed on the walls. The Tiwari and Das model is adopted considering engine oil as a working liquid with immersed multiwalled and single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoparticles. The unique combination of strength, conductivity, and other properties make CNTs a promising material for an extensive variety of applications. These governing partial differential equations undergo conversion to ordinary differential equations via the similarity transformation and are then numerically processed with the bvp4c technique of the MATLAB program. The outcomes are deliberated logically via illustrations and tables. It is perceived that fluid velocity is compromised by strengthening the induced magnetic field. Nevertheless, an opposing trend is witnessed for the enhanced values of the Prandtl number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In varied practical situations, the assumption of constant values are considered for approximations or simplifications to make computations more adaptable. Nevertheless, when there is a requirement for precision, accuracy, and exact results, the consideration of variable characteristics becomes essential. Considering the same, the article's uniqueness lies in studying variable thermal conductivity, variable viscosity, and variable mass diffusivity as governing factors. This study analyzes the movement of a three-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid across a rotating deformable disk deliberating the Hall current and Ion slip impact. In addition, the analysis seeks to boost the stability of the nanofluid flow by incorporating the impact of bio-convection. The velocity slip and convective constraints are enforced at the boundary. The Von Karman transformations are engaged, and accordingly, a numerical solution is computed. Graphical illustrations are used to highlight the significant effects of the problem. The findings revealed that the fluid velocity decreases in both the azimuthal and radial directions for different estimations of the variable viscosity and Deborah number. Additionally, the fluid velocities in the azimuthal and radial directions exhibit opposite trends for Hall current and Ion slip. The endorsement of the presented results is also provided in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study thoroughly compares multiple single bidirectional and multiport converters (MPCs), highlighting the significant role of MPCs in multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems. MPCs offer a more efficient and cost-effective solution than multiple single converters, especially in applications involving photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicles (EVs) with storage systems, and power grids. This research emphasizes the importance of multi-input converters (MICs) in integrating diverse voltage sources. It notes the rising popularity of multi-output DC-DC converters in portable electronics, owing to their reduced component count, lower costs, and compact design. This paper emphasizes comparisons based on diverse aspects and applications, shedding light on recent developments in basic bidirectional converters. Additionally, it delves into the advancements in MPC topologies, focusing on efficiency, reliability, and modularity improvements. These advancements are crucial for harnessing cost reduction, simplicity, and compactness. Furthermore, this paper introduces an innovative multiport DC-DC converter tailored for integrating and managing renewable sources. This new converter design enhances PV system and battery storage performance by reducing power conversion steps, using fewer components, and improving voltage-boosting capabilities. Its unique bidirectional buck-boost structure allows for versatile connections between sources and loads with varying voltage and power requirements. The performance of this novel converter is evaluated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations under different scenarios. Experimental studies further validate its effectiveness, marking a significant contribution to power conversion and management in integrating renewable sources such as DC microgrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital surgery is a new paradigm within the surgical innovation space that is rapidly advancing and encompasses multiple areas. Methods: This white paper from the SAGES Digital Surgery Working Group outlines the scope of digital surgery, defines key terms, and analyzes the challenges and opportunities surrounding this disruptive technology. Results: In its simplest form, digital surgery inserts a computer interface between surgeon and patient. We divide the digital surgery space into the following elements: advanced visualization, enhanced instrumentation, data capture, data analytics with artificial intelligence/machine learning, connectivity via telepresence, and robotic surgical platforms. We will define each area, describe specific terminology, review current advances as well as discuss limitations and opportunities for future growth. Conclusion: Digital Surgery will continue to evolve and has great potential to bring value to all levels of the healthcare system. The surgical community has an essential role in understanding, developing, and guiding this emerging field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy set ( I V q r O F S ) is a robust and esteemed model in managing imprecise information, utilizing a controllable parameter q ≥ 1 . Expanding its applicability, we propose a refinement to it, termed the interval-valued p,q-rung orthopair fuzzy set, denoted I V p , q r O F S . This advancement enables the handling of scenarios where varied assessment levels for membership and non-membership grades are necessary, a challenge unaddressed by existing extensions of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. We establish the fundamental mathematical operations for the I V p , q r O F S and explore their key properties. To compare interval-valued p,q-rung orthopair fuzzy ( I V p , q r O F ) numbers, a novel score function is put forward and compared to the known I V q r O F S -based score functions to determine its viability. Moreover, we present I V p , q r O F aggregation operators (AOs), accompanied by rigorous proof of their essential characteristics, including boundedness, monotonicity, and symmetry. This study introduces the interaction of I V p , q r O F criteria through the inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) approach. This method determines criteria weights based on the proposed distance measurements and the score function. The CRITIC method is integrated with the exponential TODIM approach (exp-TODIM), resulting in an innovative decision-making framework that is less susceptible to parameter fluctuations and showcases a high stability. An illustrative example of selecting a suitable supplier is provided to demonstrate the practical application of the developed exp-TODIM approach. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to exhibit the method's stability, and a comparative analysis is performed to elucidate its strengths and advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes induce undesirable browning in fruits, vegetables, and juices like sugarcane and apple. Inactivation of PPO is crucial to mitigate this issue, achieved through methods like heat, radiation, ultrasound, p H adjustment, adsorbent addition, and inhibitors. Inhibitor selection is traditionally a time-consuming trial-and-error process. This study aimed to develop a homology model of sugarcane PPO and to streamline inhibitor selection using a rational approach, relying on knowledge of PPO's structure and active site. The research utilized homology modeling through SWISS-MODELER to predict the 3D structures of two types of sugarcane copper-based PPOs: met-PPO (Cu-Cu active site) and oxy-PPO (Cu-O-Cu active site), both composed of 235 amino acids. Model quality was assessed using Global Model Quality Estimation (GMQE) and Qualitative Model Energy Analysis (QMEAN), yielding favorable scores of 0.17 (GMQE), 0.44 ± 0.05 (QMEAN Co-Global) and z-score of –4.03. Ramachandran analysis indicated 78.8 % and 17.5 % of amino acid residues fell within the most favored and additional allowed regions, respectively. Docking analysis revealed strong affinities between m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid with binding energies of –4.40 Kcal/mol and –4.38 Kcal/mol, respectively, for met-PPO and oxy-PPO. Identified active site residues are ARG369, HIS325, GLU321, ALA361, and TRP313. This study enhances comprehension of sugarcane PPO and its active site, aiding rational inhibitor design to counteract undesired browning reactions. [Display omitted] • Sugarcane PPO homology model as developed using computational methods. • During MD analysis, m -hydroxybenzoic acid and p -hydroxybenzoic acid exhibited high binding energy. • Active site residues responsible for binding interactions are ARG369, HIS325, GLU321 and ALA361. • Comprehending the structure & function of Sugarcane PPO leads to ground breaking solutions to increase sugarcane's shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the present study is to develop a novel TODIM method under cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy environment, where information about the weights of both decision makers (DMs) and criteria is fully unknown. First, we introduce some novel operations along with their relevant properties. Afterward, we propose a Minkowski-type distance measure for cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (Cq-ROFSs). We list some properties of the proposed distance measures and some special cases about various parameter values. Next, the entropy measure between two Cq-ROFSs is disclosed, and part of the proposed entropy measure characteristics is presented. Further, this study put forward the method for finding the weights of DMs and criteria. In the developed method, firstly, weights of DMs are obtained using the proposed distance measure and cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy weighted averaging operator. Then, the weights of criteria are determined by the developed entropy measure. A novel TODIM method is developed utilizing the proposed Minkowski-type distance measures for ranking alternatives in light of the acquired criteria weights. To demonstrate the applicability and validity of the presented work, we address the talent recruitment problem. Moreover, we discuss the influence of parameters on decision-making results. Finally, a comparative study with existing work is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of non-Newtonian fluids can't be denied owing to their immense industrial and engineering applications. Taking this point in mind, the motivation of the current investigation is to examine the influence of a magnetic dipole on two-dimensional nonelectrical conducting Oldroyd-B fluid flow in the existence of thermophoretic particle deposition along a linearly stretching surface. The exponential space-based thermal source and the temperature-dependent heat source/sink are incorporated into the thermal equation. The fluid concentration is strengthened with binary activation energy and Arrhenius chemical reaction. The set of ordinary differential equations that are attained after applying the similarity transformations is resolved numerically by the bvp4c approach of MATLAB software. The impact of diverse parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration are graphically examined. The quantities of physical importance are also computed and analyzed numerically. The results revealed that fluid velocity and temperature have opposing trends for the ferromagnetic interaction parameter. It is also witnessed that the fluid concentration arguments for the chemical reaction parameter. The validation of the model in the limiting case is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

q-ROPFLS, including numeric and linguistic data, has a wide range of applications in handling uncertain information. This article aims to investigate q-ROPFL correlation coefficient based on the proposed information energy and covariance formulas. Moreover, considering that different q-ROPFL elements may have varying criteria weights, the weighted correlation coefficient is further explored. Some desirable characteristics of the presented correlation coefficients are also discussed and proven. In addition, some theoretical development is provided, including the concept of composition matrix, correlation matrix, and equivalent correlation matrix via the proposed correlation coefficients. Then, a clustering algorithm is expanded where data is expressed in q-ROPFL form with unknown weight information and is explained through an illustrative example. Besides, detailed parameter analysis and comparative study are performed with the existing approaches to reveal the effectiveness of the framed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The q-rung picture linguistic set (q-RPLS) is an effective tool for managing complex and unpredictable information by changing the parameter 'q' regarding hesitancy degree. In this article, we devise some generalized operational laws of q-RPLS in terms of the Archimedean t-norm and t-conorm. Based on the proposed generalized operations, we define two types of generalized aggregation operators, namely the q-rung picture linguistic averaging operator and the q-rung picture linguistic geometric operator, and study their relevant characteristics in-depth. With a view toward applications, we discuss certain specific cases of the proposed generalized aggregation operators with a range of parameter values. Furthermore, we explore q-rung picture linguistic distance measure and its required axioms. Then we put forward a technique for q-RPLSs based on the proposed aggregation operators and distance measure to solve multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) challenges with unknown weight information. At last, a practical example is presented to demonstrate the suggested approaches' viability and to perform the sensitivity and comparison analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of using mathematical modeling of the flow are obvious, the final objective being the elimination of as many inclusions as possible during the flow of steel through the tundish, and thus, obtaining steel with superior quality. In this work, a simulation of the movement of the liquid alloy in the tundish was carried out, in order to highlight the erosion of its refractory lining. For this, we used SolidWorks, RealFlow, and ABAQUS programs. Using these simulation programs, the filling method of the tundish, the contact area of the alloy jet with the tundish wall, and the "dead" areas are highlighted, as well as the turbulences that can appear during the flow, which have a negative impact on the quality of the steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

q-ROPFLS, including numeric and linguistic data, has a wide range of applications in handling uncertain information. This article aims to investigate q-ROPFL correlation coefficient based on the proposed information energy and covariance formulas. Moreover, considering that different q-ROPFL elements may have varying criteria weights, the weighted correlation coefficient is further explored. Some desirable characteristics of the presented correlation coefficients are also discussed and proven. In addition, some theoretical development is provided, including the concept of composition matrix, correlation matrix, and equivalent correlation matrix via the proposed correlation coefficients. Then, a clustering algorithm is expanded where data is expressed in q-ROPFL form with unknown weight information and is explained through an illustrative example. Besides, detailed parameter analysis and comparative study are performed with the existing approaches to reveal the effectiveness of the framed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (DHFLTS) is defined by two functions that express the grade of membership and the grade of non-membership using a set of linguistic terms. In the present work, we first quote an example to point out that the existing complement operation of DHFLTS is on the wrong track. Meanwhile, we redefine this operation to fill the holes in the existing ones. Next, the notion of information energy under a dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic background is provided in order to build the criteria weight determination model. To further facilitate the theory of DHFLTS, we propose two vector similarity measures, i.e., Jaccard and Dice similarity measures, and their weighted forms for DHFLTS. In addition, we pioneer some generalized similarity measures of DHFLTSs and indicate that the Dice similarity measures are particular instances of the generalized similarity measures for some parameter values. Afterward, the similarity measures-based model with unknown weight information under the background of dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic environment is constructed. Lastly, an illustrated example is included to validate the method's application, along with sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis, demonstrating the practicality and validity of its results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex t-spherical fuzzy set (Ct-SFS) is a potent tool for representing fuzziness and uncertainty compared to the picture fuzzy sets and spherical fuzzy sets. It plays a key role in modeling problems that require two-dimensional data. The present study purposes the aggregation technique of Ct-SFSs with the aid of Aczel–-Alsina (AA) operations. We first introduce certain novel AA operations of Ct-SFSs, such as the AA sum, AA product, AA scalar multiplication, and AA scalar power. Subsequently, we propound a series of complex t-spherical fuzzy averaging and geometric aggregation operators to efficiently aggregate complex t-spherical fuzzy data. In addition, we explore the different characteristics of these operators, discuss certain peculiar cases, and prove their fundamental results. Thereafter, we utilize these operators and propose entropy measures to frame a methodology for dealing with complex t-spherical fuzzy decision-making problems with unknown criteria weight data. Finally, we provide a case study about vehicle model selection to illustrate the presented method's applicability followed by a parameter analysis and comparative study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unreliable networks often use excess bandwidth for data integration in smart cities. For this purpose, Messaging Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) with a certain quality of service (QoS) is employed. Data integrity and data security are frequently compromised for reducing bandwidth usage while designing integrated applications. Thus, for a reliable and secure integrated Internet of Everything (IoE) service, a range of network parameters are conditioned to achieve the required quality of a deliverable service. In this work, a QoS-0-based MQTT is developed in such a manner that the transparent MQTT protocol uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)-based connectivity with various rules for the retransmission of contents if the requests are not entertained for a fixed duration. The work explores the ways to improve the overall content delivery probability. The parameters are examined over a transparent gateway-based TCP network after developing a mathematical model for the proposed retransmission-based mutant QoS-0. The probability model is then verified by an actual physical network where the repeated content delivery is explored at VM-based MQTT, local network-based broker and a remote server. The results show that the repeated transmission of contents from the sender improves the content delivery probability over the unreliable MQTT-based Internet of Things (IoT) for developing smart cities' applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently of a global concern due to its poor disease management. • Network-based drug discovery is a potential tool for PD. potential low-cost drug discovery method. • The network pharmacology method helps in the establishment of multi-target therapeutic models. • System biology is used to build computational disease models for PD. • Researchers are employing network pharmacology strategy for optimizing phytobiologicals for PD. Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is projected to see a significant rise in incidence over the next three decades. The precise treatment of PD remains a formidable challenge, prompting ongoing research into early diagnostic methodologies. Network pharmacology, a burgeoning field grounded in systems biology, examines the intricate networks of biological systems to identify critical signal nodes, facilitating the development of multi-target therapeutic molecules. This approach systematically maps the components of Parkinson's disease, thereby reducing its complexity. In this review, we explore the application of network pharmacology workflows in PD, discuss the techniques employed in this field, and evaluate the current advancements and status of network pharmacology in the context of Parkinson's disease. The comprehensive insights will pave newer paths to explore early disease biomarkers and to develop diagnosis with a holistic in silico , in vitro , in vivo and clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to revise the existing distance and similarity measures of the dual hesitant fuzzy set (DHFS) context in order to remove their shortcomings. The study first reveals the limitations of the existing distance measures of DHFSs through some counterexamples. Keeping in mind the indicated limitations of the existing ones, we revise them and show how the revised measures are important by applying them to the pattern recognition problem. Further, the statistical variance (SV) method is extended to the DHFS context for criteria weight determination. After that, an approach is made based on revised distance measures for ranking alternatives in multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM). In the end, a real-world example regarding the evaluation of the quality of movies is presented to elaborate on the practicality and superiority of the developed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The q-rung orthopair linguistic set (q-ROLS), a combined version of linguistic term sets and q-rung orthopair fuzzy set, is an efficient mathematical tool to accomplish the imprecise information while solving the decision-making problems. Under this environment, we propose additional operations and relations to deal with the decision information, and some properties are well proved. Furthermore, we propound some cosine similarity measures and weighted cosine similarity measures for q-ROLSs based on the traditional cosine similarity measures with a brief study of related properties. In the proposed similarity measures, various linguistic scale functions are utilized in order to take into account the semantics of linguistic terms. Besides this, we employ the stated q-rung orthopair linguistic similarity measures to multi-criteria group decision making problems, in which the weights of DMs are delineated by the projection of individual decisions on the ideal decision results. At last, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the practicality of the suggested technique, and its efficacy is validated by comparison with prevailing techniques. The suggested method's sensitivity and stability analyses are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The normal wiggly dual hesitant fuzzy set (NWDHFS) is a modern mathematical tool that can be used to express the deep ideas of membership and non-membership information hidden in the thought-level of decision-makers (DMs). To enhance and expand the applicability of NWDHFSs, this study originates several types of distance and similarity measures between two NWDHFSs. The present paper first revises the basic operational laws of normal wiggly dual hesitant fuzzy elements (NWDHFEs) and then generalizes the rule of length extension for normal wiggly dual hesitant fuzzy setting. Meanwhile, we introduce a variety of distance and similarity measures under the background of NWDHFSs. After that, a family of weighted distance and similarity measures based on NWDHFS is presented and analyzed for discrete and continuous cases. The stated measures are the extension of several existing measures and have the capability to handle uncertain and vague information with a wider range of information. DMs can select the most suitable alternative based on these measures by determining the gap between each alternative and the ideal one. Finally, a practical example concerning disease detection is addressed to demonstrate the applicability and merits of the developed theory and depict the differences between the presented distance and similarity measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topography of a place has a significant impact on soil characteristics that ultimately influence soil iodine levels. Lower Himalayan region (LHR) in Pakistan has a wide range of climatic and geological variations. Hence, an investigation was conducted to analyze the iodine concentration and other physicochemical properties of soils in two LHR districts, Haripur and Mansehra. Spatial analysis indicated a decrease in iodine levels in the mountainous regions in comparison to the flat portions of LHR. Soil samples obtained from different locations across Haripur had a stronger affinity for iodine due to variations in solubility and adsorption of iodine to soil clay components, which can be attributed to lower pH, higher organic matter, and a higher cation exchange capacity (CEC). In contrast to the plains of Haripur, elevated locations in the Mansehra district had decreased levels of iodine, along with a higher soil pH and reduced soil organic matter. The soil erosion and depletion of soil micronutrients in the hilly region of Mansehra may be attributed to the unfavorable soil conditions and excessive precipitation. Presence of clay, iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) in the soil led to a rise in iodine levels. Iodine concentrations exhibited an inverse relationship with soil acidity. Study revealed a direct correlation between soil iodine levels and their cation exchange capacity (CEC) and clay content. This study aims to gather fundamental data for the chosen regions of LHR to address illnesses caused by iodine deficiency. • Plain and mountainous area of lower Himalayan region was investigated. • Soils and topographical properties significantly varied for plain and mountains. • Iodine content difference was obvious in Haripur and Mansehra. • Mountainous areas showed comparatively less iodine than plain areas. • Iodine levels have positive relation with soil clay, carbon and Fe/Al contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This review presents the advancements in water treatment using metal sulfide-based AOPs. • This review summarizes recent progress in the synthesis and applications of metal sulfides. • The research progress on metal sulfides as either co-catalysts or catalysts is analyzed. • The challenges and perspectives on metal sulfide-based AOPs for water treatment are proposed. Catalytic advanced oxidation processes (CAOPs) have received considerable attention for wastewater treatment. However, the insufficient stability of catalysts, coupled with the sluggish regeneration of active sites, poses a limitation to the sustained performance of CAOPs in practical applications over prolonged periods. To overcome these challenges, accelerating the M(n+1)+/Mn+ redox cycle (where M denotes transition metals and n denotes oxidation state) of catalysts during the treatment process emerges as a highly promising approach. This approach not only holds the potential to enhance efficiency but also offers a comprehensive solution for bolstering the stability of CAOPs. This comprehensive review summarizes the advancements in metal sulfide research, specifically emphasizing the evolving trend from homogeneous to heterogeneous reductants, with the objective of expediting the redox cycles of catalysts. The catalytic and co-catalytic roles of various metal sulfides, including MoS 2 , WS 2 , transition metals doped MoS 2 /WS 2 , iron sulfides, S-modified zero valent-iron, S-doped iron oxides, non-iron metals sulfides, S-modified layered double hydroxides, and S-based single-atom catalysts, in CAOPs, have been systematically summarized. These studies specifically concentrate on accelerating the M(n+1)+/Mn+ redox cycles of catalysts, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency, stability, and catalytic performance of both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives related to the applications of metal sulfide-based CAOPs for wastewater treatment were proposed to assist researchers in making efficient and stable heterogeneous Fenton/Fenton-like systems for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was carried out on a poultry farm that belongs to the Animal production department - College of Agriculture - University of Kufa, for the period from September 10, 2020, to October 14, 2020, for a period of 5 weeks, in which the effect of adding the ascorbic acid as antioxidant and ginseng root powder was studied. Red Ginseng (Panax) to reduce the effects of heat stress for broilers, the experiment included 420 unsexed Ross-308 chicks, one day old, with an average initial weight of 40 g, prepared from private hatcheries in the governorate of Babylon (Al-Anwar Al-Muradia hatchery). The chicks were divided into 7 treatments included for each Treatment of 60 chicks, with 3 replicates (each replicate is 20 chicks), and the treatments were divided as follows: T1: Standard (Control) without adding. T2, T3 and T4 were given 2, 4 and 6 g ginseng / kg of feed respectively, T5, T6, and T7 were given 2, 4 and 6g ascorbic acid /kg of feed respectively. The chicks were fed with starter diet for the duration of 1-21 days and finisher diet for the duration of 22-35 days. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there was a highly significant (p<0.01) decrease in the numbers of Escherichia coli bacteria to T7, T6, T4, and T3 the treatments birds compared with the control treatment. The results also indicated a highly significant (p<0.01) increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus bacteria in T7 treated birds, T6, T5, T4 compared with the control treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel application of (NH4)2Mo3S13 for vanadium removal was developed. • Kinetic and equilibrium adsorption data were quantified at 293–323 K and pH 3.2. • Estimation of the maximum adsorption capacity of this water pollutant. • It was concluded that this adsorbent is very promising for water purification. The adsorption of vanadium on (NH 4) 2 Mo 3 S 13 was analyzed via experimental and theoretical approaches. Kinetic and equilibrium adsorption data were quantified at 293–323 K and pH 3.2. Vanadium kinetics followed a pseudo-first order equation with adsorption rate constants ranging from 0.006 to 0.032 min−1, while the maximum experimental vanadium adsorption capacities ranged from 9.9 to 362 mg/g under tested operating conditions. Equilibrium data were fitted by a monolayer model that considered that the vanadium ions were removed via two different active sites of (NH 4) 2 Mo 3 S 13 surface. These adsorption sites were related to the Mo moieties of this material. The calculated adsorption capacities of these active sites followed the next trend: Q 1 (293 K) > Q 2 (293 K), Q 2 (303 K) > Q 1 (303 K) and Q 2 (313 K) > Q 1 (313 K). In particular, the calculated saturation vanadium adsorption capacities were 124 – 376 mg/g. The impact of adsorption temperature on the calculated number of vanadium ions that were adsorbed by both active sites was also studied. It was concluded that the temperature facilitated the adsorption of vanadium ions via the first active site of (NH 4) 2 Mo 3 S 13 surface, while an opposite trend was identified regarding the second type of active site. The interaction energies involved in the adsorption of both active sites were also calculated. These results indicated that both sites contributed in different degree to reduce the vanadium concentrations in the aqueous solutions for depollution purposes. Overall, this study provides useful insights on the vanadium adsorption mechanism for an alternative and competitive adsorbent, which is promising to be implemented in large-scale water purification systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a robust generalization to fuzzy set, the interval-valued dual-hesitant fuzzy set (IVDHFS) was put forward, which provided several possible membership and non-membership interval values to be associated with a specific substance. But IVDHFS does not couple the membership and non-membership values with their corresponding weights/importance degrees to assess a variable, which is irrational. To circumvent this issue, this study introduces the weighted interval-valued dual-hesitant fuzzy set (WIVDHFS) which describe the membership and non-membership values in the form of interval along with their weights. These assigned weights give more detail about the level of agreeness and disagreeness and thereby can help the decision makers (DMs) to obtain precise, rational, and consistent decision consequences. After introducing the pioneer notion of WIVDHFS, several related terms, viz. connected weighted interval-valued dual-hesitant element (WIVDHFE), score function, and accuracy function are defined. Using Archimedean t-norm and t-conorm, some basic operational laws for WIVDHFEs are constructed. Next, to aggregate WIVDHFEs, two types of aggregation operators based on Archimedean t-norm and t-conorm, namely the generalized weighted interval-valued dual-hesitant fuzzy-weighted averaging operator and the generalized weighted interval-valued dual-hesitant fuzzy-weighted geometric operator are designed along with their relevant properties. Meanwhile, some of their special cases and relationships are also explored. On the basis of special cases, a novel multi-criteria group decision-making approach under weighted interval-valued dual-hesitant fuzzy environment is then constructed. Finally, an application case about teaching quality assessment is presented, and some analyses and comparisons are provided to validate the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics discovery was a significant breakthrough in the field of therapeutic medicines, but the over (mis)use of such antibiotics (in parallel) caused the increasing number of resistant bacterial species at an ever-higher rate. This study was thus devised to assess the multi-drug resistant bacteria present in sanitation-related facilities in human workplaces. In this regard, samples were collected from different gender, location, and source-based facilities, and subsequent antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed on isolated bacterial strains. Four classes of the most commonly used antibiotics i.e., β-lactam, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, and Sulphonamides, were evaluated against the isolated bacteria. The antibiotic resistance profile of different (70) bacterial strains showed that the antibiotic resistance-based clusters also followed the grouping based on their isolation sources, mainly the gender. Twenty-three bacterial strains were further selected for their 16s rRNA gene based molecular identification and for phylogenetic analysis to evaluate the taxonomic evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). Moreover, the bacterial resistance to Sulphonamides and beta lactam was observed to be the most and to Aminoglycosides and macrolides as the least. Plasmid curing was also performed for multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, which significantly abolished the resistance potential of bacterial strains for different antibiotics. These curing results suggested that the antibiotic resistance determinants in these purified bacterial strains are present on respective plasmids. Altogether, the data suggested that the human workplaces are the hotspot for the prevalence of MDR bacteria and thus may serve as the source of horizontal gene transfer and further transmission to other environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress restricts the vegetative and yield attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) primarily by disrupting its biochemical and physiological functions. The current study was conducted to appraise the Selenium (Se) role in improving the drought tolerance in okra. Drought stress (three days (control), six days (mild stress) and nine days (severe stress)) and four doses of Se (0, 1, 2, and 3 mg L-1) were imposed after 30 days of sowing. Our outcomes showed that drought stress decreases the number of leaves, plant height, number of branches, stem dry weight, root dry weight, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plant and 1000 seed weight. Visually reduction in vegetative and yield parametric quality okra plant okra were significantly alleviated by the foliar application of Se under drought stress. Se application of 3 mg L-1 significantly increased the number of leaves, plant height, number of branches, stem dry weight, root dry weight, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plant and 1000 seed weight. Se regulated processes, improved the vegetative and yield attributes of okra under water deficit conditions as well in control. The current investigation proved beneficial in improving the growth performance of okra, suggesting that foliar supplementation of Se may result in the development of drought mitigation in okra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on empirical data on temperature and rainfall change from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of North-West Pakistan to illustrate that climate change is no longer theoretical. It is real and becoming self-evident. Climate assessment 1981-2010 and future scenario 2010-2040 for KP noted little shifts in the annual average rainfall. However seasonal shifts are rather significant. In all the districts, spring and summer rains are showing an increasing trend whereas fall and winter rains are continuously declining. This shows that spring and summer are becoming wetter and fall and winter are becoming dryer till 2040. Nearly two-third or more of the total rains are received during spring and monsoon. In decadal scenario, it is likely that annual average precipitation will continue to increase till 2030 and start declining during 2030-2040 in all the seasons. The temperature scenarios also present a noticeable change. An average increase in temperature in KP is 1.8°C during 2010-2040. In the Northern districts (mountain areas) it is the 1.9°C closely followed by Central with 1.8°C and the South 1.6°C (where South is already a heat surplus zone). These trends are crucial in terms of disasters with likelihood of spring / monsoon floods and winter drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

r, s, t-spherical fuzzy (r, s, t-SPF) sets provide a robust framework for managing uncertainties in decision-making, surpassing other fuzzy sets in their ability to accommodate diverse uncertainties through the incorporation of flexible parameters r, s, and t. Considering these characteristics, this article explores sine trigonometric laws to enhance the applicability and theoretical foundation for r, s, t-SPF setting. Following these laws, several aggregation operators (AOs) are designed for aggregation of the r, s, t-SPF data. Meanwhile, the desired characteristics and relationships of these operators are studied under sine trigonometric functions. Furthermore, we build a group decision-making algorithm for addressing multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems using the developed AOs. To exemplify the applicability of the proposed algorithm, we address a practical example regarding laptop selection. Finally, parameter analysis and a comprehensive comparison with existing operators are conducted to uncover the superiority and validity of the presented AOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the knowledge in the area pertaining to the Disaster Risk Reduction under overall domain of adaptation to climate change. Understanding occurrence and impacts of hydrometeorological disasters on people's well-being and which livelihood assets are significant for identifying coping strategies to deal with disasters are important ingredients to increased resilience of communities living in disaster prone areas. This study relies on the data collected using the Community-based Risk Screening Tool - Adaptation and Livelihoods (Cristal) to map major risks and vulnerabilities along with coping strategies then ascertaining their relationship with community-based livelihoods assets. According to results, there are three frequent disaster risks in the study area which comprise avalanches, landslides and floods. These disasters inflict a heavy damage to the livelihood assets including crops, water, houses and other physical infrastructure. In order to overcome these losses, communities apply short-term coping strategies by spending limited means and hard-earned cash reserves. These unsustainable strategies further exacerbate vulnerabilities and give way to new ones. Taking empirical example of Chitral, the study recommends to formulate policies and encourage investment to substitute short term coping strategies with long term climate change adaptation measures in order to minimize impact of devastating disasters in future. There is a need for improved governance of irrigation water management, channel management and effective management techniques for on-farm water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation to toluene and hydrogen (MTH) is an important reaction for H2 energy based systems. Hence, it is important to have a reliable equation for the dependence of the reaction equilibrium constant on temperature. A number of such equations have been proposed in the literature, but it is unclear which of them is more accurate in representing the equilibrium of methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation to toluene. To resolve this uncertainty, we analyzed their validity based on existing experimental data. Experimentally derived equilibrium constants were found to be generally bigger than those calculated by classical thermodynamics at 300-400 °C and 3, 10, and 15 bar. Equilibrium constants calculated based on tabulated free energy of the reaction, were closer to the experimental values than those based on standard heat capacities of the reacting materials. Part of the deviation is caused by the non-ideality of the reacting components at these conditions, which is reflected by their calculated compressibility factors. The equilibrium conversions calculated based on the proposed equilibrium constants have been compared to those obtained in a set of methylcyclohexane to toluene reactions carried out in continuous flow packed bed and membrane reactors and this comparison revealed that only the experimentally derived equilibrium constants provide reasonable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The online version of the original article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16127-3. B Correction to b : B I BMC Public Health i b B 23, 1235 (2023) b https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16127-3 The original publication of this article contained 3 errors: The author name " B Fatimah Ali Alessa b " should have been " B Fatimah Ali Aleisa b ". [Extracted from the article]

• UV irradiation induced obvious aggregation of GO in NaCl solutions. • HA/FA from different climate zones promoted GO aggregation under UV irradiation. • HA/FA physicochemical properties affected GO aggregation under UV light. • DOM and UV light promoted GO aggregation due to rGO generation and DOM degradation. • GO aggregation was controlled by the content of C-C/C=C groups and C-O group. Aggregation of graphene oxide (GO) is significantly affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters, while DOM's climate zone and light irradiation is seldom considered. This study investigated the effect of humic/fulvic acid (HA/FA) from various climate zones of China on aggregation of small (200 nm) and large (500 nm) GO under 120-h UV irradiation. GO aggregation was promoted by HA/FA because UV irradiation decreased hydrophilicity of GO and steric forces among particles. GO generated electron and hole pair under UV irradiation, which reduce GO with more hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional group (C-O) to rGO with high hydrophobicity and oxidize DOM into organic matter with smaller molecular weight. Most severe GO aggregation was observed with Makou HA from Subtropical Monsoon climate zone and Maqin FA from Plateau and Mountain climate zone, which was primarily because HA/FA's high molecular weight and aromaticity dispersed GO initially that facilitated UV penetration. GO aggregation ratio was positively correlated with graphitic fraction content (R 2 = 0.82-0.99) and negatively correlated with C-O group content (R 2 = 0.61-0.98) in the presence of DOM under UV irradiation. This work highlights different dispersity of GO during photochemical reactions in various climate zones, providing new insight into the environmental implications of nanomaterial release. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A “green route” to fabricate nanoparticles has emerged as a revolutionary approach. The reported work presents a green approach to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using Conyza canadensis plant leaves extract. The synthesis of ZnO was conducted at two different temperatures i.e. 30 °C and 80 °C. ZnO nanoparticles prepared at 80 °C were smaller in size and exhibited spherical morphology. The prepared nanomaterials were examined for the reduction of organic dyes i.e. methylene blue and methyl orange. The fabricated ZnO nanoparticles synthesized at 80 °C were found to be highly active for the reduction of aforementioned dyes with 94.5% reduction of MO and 85.3% reduction of MB in 45 min and 20 min respectively. The rate constant (k) for this reduction of MO was found to be 5.781 × 10 −3  s −1 in the absence of a catalyst and 5.843 × 10 −2  s −1 in the presence of ZnO NPs catalyst. The rate constant (k) for the reduction of MB was found to be 4.7 × 10 −3  s −1 in the absence of a catalyst and 9.936 × 10 −3  s −1 in the presence of ZnO NPs catalyst. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized at 80 °C were examined for their antibacterial activity. The biogenic ZnO nanoparticles exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with a zone of inhibition (16 mm) and (14 mm) respectively. This high antibacterial and catalytic activity of biogenic ZnO nanoparticles can be attributed to its small size, good dispersion, and well-defined morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The designing of efficient, selective and stable adsorbents for heavy metals removal remained a challenging task, as most adsorbents did not exhibit consistent performance in diverse types of water. Unlike traditional adsorbents based on surface oxygen groups, thio-functionalized layered double hydroxide (LDH) as Mn-MoS 4 was designed by inserting MoS 4 2− anions into lamellar layers in LDH, and was applied as a highly stable, efficient and selective adsorbent for heavy metals removal. The record high distribution coefficient (K d ∼ 10 7 –10 8 mL/g), fast kinetics and enormous saturated uptake capacities (594, 564 & 357 mg/g) for Hg 2+ , Ag + and Pb 2+ placed Mn-MoS 4 as the most efficient adsorbent for the removal of such metals so far. Further, Mn-MoS 4 can completely tolerate the impact of huge concentration of background electrolytes (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , Cl − , NO 3 − & SO 4 2− ), and effectively control the concentrations of Hg 2+ , Ag + and Pb 2+ ions from tap water, lake water or industrial wastewater far below the limitation in drinking water. Similarly, Mn-MoS 4 is a potential filter due to its consistent performance over a broad pH range (from 2.0 to 11.0), changing ionic strength (up to 100 mM) or in the presence of organic matters. These remarkable features originate from the dominant chemical adsorption mechanism through inner-sphere coordination between thio groups as soft Lewis acid and Hg 2+ , Ag + and Pb 2+ as soft Lewis bases. More interestingly, LDH layers offer protective space for intercalated MoS 4 2− anions against oxidation, and facilitate Mn-MoS 4 with the advantage of easy storage and application over other adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to analyze water and sediment samples of Kurram River from upstream to downstream to observe the trend of changes in physico-chemical properties like pH, E.C, TSS, TDS, Ca, K, Mg and Na and heavy metal concentrations (Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Mn and Fe). The results of the study revealed that Kurram River quality is continuously degrading day by day by entry of toxic metals from different sources like discharge from industries, municipalities, waste dumping in the vicinity of the river, urban and agriculture runoff and atmospheric deposition. A decrease in water and sediments contamination level was observed down the stream. The physico-chemical parameters of water samples were observed within the permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO), except for dumping sites near Ghori wala and Sikna Sikander Khel. TDS concentrations (553 mg L-1) and TSS concentrations (6.60 mg L-1) were above the permissible limits of United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The concentrations of Cr (2.50-8.0 mg L-1, Zn (3.5-6.0 mg L-1), Cu (2.5-7 mg L-1), Ni (2.0-10.5 mg L-1), Pb (2.5-9.5 mg L-1), Cd (0.042-0.14), Mn (4-10 mg L-1) and Fe (3.5-13.25 mg L-1) were observed to be higher in water samples of dumping site near Bannu city as compared to WHO, USEPA and Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PakEPA). In sediment samples great variations in the concentrations of Cr (10.2-18.5 mg kg-1), Zn (3.0-8.5) mg kg-1, Cu (3.50-13.2 mg kg-1), Ni (3.5-12 mg kg-1), Pb (1.0-12.5 mg kg-1), Cd (0.101-0.151 mg kg-1), Mn (8.7-14 mg kg-1) and Fe (12-46.5 mg kg-1) were observed. Heavy metal concentrations in sediment samples were higher than water samples. While individual heavy metal concentrations in sediment samples followed the order of Fe>Cr>Mn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Zn>Cd whereas in water the order was Fe>Mn>Ni>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr>Cd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rains are expected to decrease and temperature has to rise for wheat growth in Pakistan. Wheat crop is planted on more than 52% area as rainfed crop in the providence Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa (KP). The study, therefore, aims to plant wheat in season from early to late i.e. November 15 to December 25 with about 10 days intervals. Field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar in winter season 2015-16. Experiment was in a randomized complete block design, in split plots having three replications. Sowing dates were assigned to main plots and wheat varieties (i.e. Shahkar-2013, Atta-Habib-2010, Pakhtunkhwa-2015, Hashim, Dharabi, Chakwal-50, Pakistan-2013 and Ghanemat-2015) to sub plots. Results revealed that sowing dates and varieties significantly affected yield and yield related traits. Sowing made on November 25 showed higher yield than the expected early sown on November 15 or late sown thereafter on December 5 in season in the region. Overall delay in sowing date i.e. from December 5 onwards resulted in sever losses in biomass and grain yield (GY). On averages of varieties, a decrease in biological- and grain yield was estimated 261 and 89 kg ha-1, reapectively, per day in wheat in season for Peshawar when sowing was postponed from December 5. Early planting delayed days to anthesis and maturity, which otherwise extended grain development phase of the crop. Among varieties, Ghanemat-2015 showed better grain yield for a relatively longer duration i.e. December 5-15 over the others varieties. Atta-Habib also performed relatively better for sowing made on November 25 and Chakwal-50 on November 15. Overall GY reduced when wheat sowing postpones from December 5 in the season. Grains protein was observed high for sowing made on November 15-25 for wheat varieties Dharabi, Shahkar-2013, Pakhtunkhuwa-2015 and Ghanemat-2015 as un-irrigated crop for the area. The study suggests that none of the existing wheat variety has potential to sustain grain yield of wheat if planted on December 5 or thereafter. However, Ghanemat-2015 is relatively better option over the other varieties for Peshawar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consent and conversion rates of potential organ donors in the United States need to be maximized to match the number of individuals awaiting organ donation. Studies to date have not focused on characteristics of centers with better outcomes. We performed an 8-year (2006-2014) retrospective study of our local organ procurement organization database. We categorized hospitals in our region as academic centers versus nonacademic centers, trauma centers versus nontrauma centers, and large (≥400 beds) centers versus small (<400 beds) centers. We also compared trauma centers with Level I designation to all other centers. Primary outcomes included consent and conversion rates for potential organ donors. There were 22,732 referrals to our organ procurement organization that resulted in 1,057 eligible deaths. When comparing academic to nonacademic hospitals, academic hospitals had higher consent (71% vs 59%, P < 0.0001) and conversion (73% vs 64%, P = 0.008) rates. Level I trauma centers had better consent and conversion rates when compared to all other hospitals, 73 versus 55 per cent and 76 versus 61 per cent respectively, P < 0.0001 for both. The small, academic, trauma centers had the highest consent and conversion rates, 77 and 78 per cent, respectively, P < 0.0001 for both. Hospital characteristics such as academic involvement, Level I trauma designation, and size impact consent and conversion rates for potential organ donors. Small (<400 bed), academic, trauma centers have the highest consent rates and conversion rates. Factors for success in these institutions should be examined and applied to assist in improving donor rates across all types of hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29932-y. Correction to: I Scientific Reports i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29932-y, published online 16 February 2023 In the original version of this Article, Wali Khan Mashwani was incorrectly affiliated with "Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551 Al-Ain, UAE". [Extracted from the article]

A spherical fuzzy set is one of the reliable tools to handle the uncertainties in the data with the help of the three membership degrees: Positive, neutral, and negative. Under this environment, the paper aims to present a novel decision-making algorithm named as MCDM-TAOV with some novel distance measures using matrix norms. In the literature, several kinds of distance measures occur, but they fail to meet certain axioms of the measure. To overwhelm this, the proposed measure satisfies all axiomatic requirements and overcomes the hindrances in the existing distance measures. Several counter-intuitive examples are provided to justify the superiority of the proposed measures. Furthermore, we addressed the total area based on orthogonal vector (TAOV) methodology to solve the MCDM ("multi-criteria decision-making") problems. A distance-based criteria weight determination method is presented to compute the unknown criteria weight. The approach has been demonstrated by assessing the third-party reverse logistics provider (3PRLP) problem. The practical applicability, comparative analysis and advantages of the study with other decision-making methods are furnished to depict the efficiency of the moulded process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The sluggish regeneration of Fe3+ ions limits the Fe-based materials from widespread AOP application. • The electron-rich MoS 4 2– centre feed electrons to accelerate the regeneration of Fe3+ ions. • The fast regeneration of Fe3+ ions at LDH backbone influences both the stability and efficiency of the MoS 4 -LDH/PMS system. The Fe-based materials were considered very attractive for the treatment of wastewater using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. However, the difficulties to restore the active Fe2+ oxidation state restrict them to attained sustainable efficiency. In this work, a new strategy was introduced to accelerate the regeneration of Fe2+ state through constructing an electron-rich MoS 4 2− centre in the inter-layers of FeMgAl layered double hydroxide (MoS 4 -LDH) catalyst. The dual centre MoS 4 -LDH catalyst was found more efficient as clear from the observed atrazine (ATZ) degradation rate of 0.117 min−1, 100 times higher than the Fe3+/PMS or 25–50 times higher than the Fe based single centre NO 3 -LDH/PMS, CO 3 -LDH/PMS or S 2 O 4 -LDH/PMS systems, respectively. This boosted efficiency was related to the electron-rich MoS 4 2− centre which allows the constant electron transfer to reduce the electron-deficient Fe3+ center at MoS 4 -LDH surface and thereby accelerating the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox cycle during reaction. Furthermore, the MoS 4 -LDH/PMS system exhibited a broader effective pH (3.0–9.0), good stability and minimum influence of background electrolyte or organic matter. The degradation pathway of ATZ based on free radical (SO 4 – and OH), involving the redox cycles of Fe3+/Fe2+ and Mo6+/Mo4+ was proposed for the activation of PMS. This work highlighted the essential role of MoS 4 2− moiety, to accelerate the Fe3+ reduction at the surface of the LDH catalyst through the continuous feeding of electrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the adsorption of the herbicide 2,4-D and the drug ketoprofen on wheat husks Fagopyrum esculentum treated with H 2 SO 4 is experimentally and analytically analyzed. The adsorbent is fully characterized through some techniques such as FT-IR, SEM, and XRD. Adsorption tests are carried out to optimize the performances in terms of adsorbent dosage and solution pH. Subsequently, the impact of temperature is determined through the realization of adsorption isotherms. A multilayer model is employed to microscopically interpret the adsorption mechanism of both the investigated compounds. The modelling analysis shows that the number of molecules bound per adsorption site varied from 0.68 to 2.77 and from 2.23 to 3.59 for ketoprofen and herbicide 2,4-D, respectively. These estimated values testify that an aggregation process occurs during adsorption. The global number of formed layers of each adsorbate is also determined, showing a significant reduction from 5.73 to 2.61 for ketoprofen and from 1.79 to 1.5 for herbicide 2,4-D with the temperature. For a complete understanding of the adsorption mechanism, the saturation adsorption capacity and adsorption energy were calculated and interpreted. Overall, it may be inferred that physical interactions govern how these contaminants adsorb on the tested adsorbent. [Display omitted] • The adsorption of the herbicide 2,4-D and the drug ketoprofen was investigated. • The wheat husks Fagopyrum esculentum was employed as an adsorbent. • Application of physical adsorption model to ascribe new interpretations of the adsorption mechanism. • Description of the adsorption orientation of both pollutants. • Estimation and interpretation of adsorption energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new bandpass filter design has been presented using simple topology of stepped impedance square loop resonator. The proposed bandpass filter has been simulated and fabricated using a substrate with an insulation constant of 10.8, thickness of 1.27mm and loss tangent of 0.0023 at center frequency of 5.8 GHz. The simulation results have been evaluated using Sonnet simulator that is extensively adopted in microwave analysis and implementation. The output frequency results demonstrated that the proposed filter has high-quality frequency responses in addition to isolated second harmonic frequency. Besides, this filter has very small surface area and perceptible narrow band response features that represent the conditions of recent wireless communication systems. Various filter specifications have been compared with different magnitudes of perturbation element dimension. Furthermore, phase scattering response and current intensity distribution of the proposed filter have been discussed. The simulated and experimental results are well-matched. Lastly, the features of the proposed filter have been compared with other designed microstrip filters in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a training related to the cadaver training for general surgery residents. It notes the need of increased requirements regarding safety, quality, and value-based initiatives. It mentions surgical procedures performed during the training including laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic splenectomy, and laparoscopic hand-assisted right colectomy; and the surveys used to assess the impact of this training activity on confidence level.