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In this work, a novel type of ultrafiltration ceramic membranes with the support based on fine fly ash microspheres and selective layer based on the alumina nanofibers with an aluminosilicate binder is proposed. The average pore sizes of the support and selective layer are 0.46 μm and 29 nm, respectively. The membrane is characterized by the compressive strength of 96 MPa and water permeability of 207 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. It is shown that the binder provides structural stability of selective layer and adhesion to the support. With increasing the binder content, the water permeability increases, reaches maximum, and then slightly decreases. The developed membranes are used for ultrafiltration of Blue Dextran dyes aqueous solutions with molecular weights of 70 kDa and 500 kDa and concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L. The dyes rejection varies in the range 97–99 %, while the permeate flux is 100–140 L m−2 h−1 at the transmembrane pressure of 4 bars. The dye retention occurs via adsorption at the initial stage, which leads to the narrowing of pore size. Further, the dye filtration proceeds mainly due to size effects. The proposed membranes can be employed for dye removal from wastewater, and also allow chemical modification by carbon coating to be employed in electrochemically assisted ultrafiltration. The developed methodology promotes the recycling of thermal energy waste and introduces novel approaches to combine waste and synthesized raw materials in the production of low-cost ceramic membranes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to generalize conceptual provisions of Big Safety for individuals (persons) and communities (societies). This is necessary for developing a holistic approach to assessing and ensuring the safety of social and socio-technical systems. The investigative approach is straightforward, focusing on comparing the attributes of Big Safety for technical and social systems. It continues and develops ideas of comparativistics. The investigation involves: (a) generalizing safety (Big Safety) problem for new objects; (b) developing a centripetal tendency across various directions in safety science disciplines; the integration result is the formation of general concepts, theories, and the emergence of new interdisciplinary fields, which leads to an increase in the predictive level of scientific research; (c) using the experience of the most developed areas of safety work (for example, nuclear power plant safety) for other, seemingly disparate safety objects; (d) incorporating of some principles of cybernetics into Big Safety management; (e) discussing results of Big Safety attributes comparative analysis for technical systems, individuals and communities. The main contribution of this study is an improving methodology for comparing safety attributes between technical and social systems. The analysis of the ten key Big Safety attributes reveals many common opportunities to improve the safety and security components of due to the implementation through new technologies. On the other hand, both for technical systems and for individuals and communities, the use of new technologies is accompanied by the appearance of safety/security deficits that should be analyzed and tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence technologies are becoming increasingly prevalent in resource-constrained, safety-critical embedded systems. Numerous methods exist to enhance the resilience of AI systems against disruptive influences. However, when resources are limited, ensuring cost-effective resilience becomes crucial. A promising approach for reducing the resource consumption of AI systems during test-time involves applying the concepts and methods of dynamic neural networks. Nevertheless, the resilience of dynamic neural networks against various disturbances remains underexplored. This paper proposes a model architecture and training method that integrate dynamic neural networks with a focus on resilience. Compared to conventional training methods, the proposed approach yields a 24% increase in the resilience of convolutional networks and a 19.7% increase in the resilience of visual transformers under fault injections. Additionally, it results in a 16.9% increase in the resilience of convolutional network ResNet-110 and a 21.6% increase in the resilience of visual transformer DeiT-S under adversarial attacks, while saving more than 30% of computational resources. Meta-training the neural network model improves resilience to task changes by an average of 22%, while achieving the same level of resource savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of utilising unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to form flying networks in obstacle conditions and various algorithms for obstacle avoidance is conducted. A planning scheme for deploying a flying LiFi network based on UAVs in a production facility with obstacles is developed and described. Such networks are necessary to ensure reliable data transmission from sensors or other sources of information located in dangerous or hard-to-reach places to the crisis centre. Based on the planning scheme, the following stages are described: (1) laying the LiFi signal propagation route in conditions of interference, (2) placement of the UAV at the specified points of the laid route for the deployment of the LiFi network, and (3) ensuring the reliability of the deployed LiFi network. Strategies for deploying UAVs from a stationary depot to form a flying LiFi network in a room with obstacles are considered, namely the strategy of the first point for the route, the strategy of radial movement, and the strategy of the middle point for the route. Methods for ensuring the uninterrupted functioning of the flying LiFi network with the required level of reliability within a given time are developed and discussed. To implement the planning stages for deploying the UAV flying LiFi network in a production facility with obstacles, the "Simulation Way" and "Reliability Level" software tools are developed and described. Examples of utilising the proposed software tools are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstrip of modulated width is a realization of a one-dimensional photonic crystal operating in the microwave regime. Like any photonic crystal, the periodic microstrip is characterised by the presence of frequency bands and band gaps that enable and prohibit wave propagation, respectively. The frequency bands for microstrip of the symmetric unit cell can be distinguished by 0 or π Zak phase. The sum of these topological parameters for all bands below a given frequency gap determines the value of the surface impedance at the end of the microstrip. We demonstrate that edge modes are absent in a finite microstrip terminated at both ends in the centres of unit cells, but they can be induced by adding the defected cells. Edge modes present at both ends of the microstrip enable microwave tunneling with high transitivity in the frequency gap with or without a change in phase. This has been demonstrated experimentally and developed in detail using numerical simulations and model calculations. The investigated system, with a doublet of edge modes in the frequency gap, can be considered as a narrow passband filter of high selectivity and characterised by a significant group delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the evolution of artists' interaction with the audience in the context of media culture, linked to the updates of communication mechanisms on the Internet, from the static Web 1.0 to the interactive Web 3.0. The aim of the article is to show the connections between the changes in authorship models and mechanisms of interaction with the audience in artistic practice and the evolutionary development of web technologies. The transformation of contemporary artistic forms is the result of the active influence of digital technologies and the associated collapse of the existing hierarchy between author, performer and audience. The study discusses the strengthening of the interactive component in artistic practices, parallel to the development of Internet technologies from Web 1.0 to the semantic Web 3.0 and analyzes the overlapping of these processes and their mutual influence in the context of post humanist perspectives. It was found that artistic collaborations through collective authorship are a characteristic model of authorship for this phase of Internet development. It was noted that the evolution from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0 opens new possibilities for the creation of multisensory experiences, thanks to the use of VR (Virtual Reality) and AR (Augmented Reality) technologies, which are actively used by artists in artistic practices and works, for example in operas or concerts. In addition, the active development and integration of artificial intelligence technologies in artistic practices has been identified. By analyzing musical projects of different genres and forms, the transformative influence of web culture on contemporary artistic practices becomes clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

8-hydroxyquinolines (8HQ) derivatives have a wide range of activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antiparasitic and antifungal. They form complexes with divalent and trivalent metal cations. Low solubility of 8HQ in water limits their use. Absorbance spectra of aqueous solutions of 8HQ derivatives in the presence of Mg2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+, their stability over time, cytotoxicity and fluorescence in prostate and breast cancer cell lines were investigated. The 8HQ derivatives 2-(2-phenylethenyl)quinolin-8-ol (STQ-H) and 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethenyl]quinolin-8-ol (STQ-CN) were used. The cytotoxicity and fluorescence investigation was carried out on prostate DU-145 and breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Changes of absorbance spectra of aqueous solutions of STQ-H and STQ-CN were revealed, which indicates the importance of the molar ratio of Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+ and chelator about 1:1. Absorbance of STQ-CN solution in a cations mixture was radically increased at equal molar proportions of each. Aqueous solutions of STQ-H were more stable than STQ-CN in the presence of Mg2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+ for 60 min. A high sensitivity of cells to STQ-CN was revealed. IC50 were 17.55 × 10−6 M for DU-145 and 1.96 × 10−6 M for MDA-MB-231. No cytotoxicity of STQ-H to DU-145 was detected, but it inhibited MDA-MB-231 (IC50 5.4 × 10−6 M). Fluorescence investigations were indicated a similar rate of both STQ-H and STQ-CN accumulation in the cytoplasm [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a union of three measurement systems on the basis of the Siberian lidar station and mobile ozone lidar. The lidars are designed for studying the ozonosphere using the method of differential absorption and scattering, as well as for studying aerosol fields using elastic single scattering. The systems are constructed on the basis of Nd:YAG lasers (SOLAR) and an Nd:YAG laser (LOTIS TII), a XeCl laser (Lambda Physik) and receiving telescopes assembled using the Kassegrain system with a diameter 0.35 m and the Newtonian 0.5 m system. Lidars operate in photon-counting mode and record lidar signals with a spatial resolution from 1.5 m to 160 m at sensing wavelengths of 299/341 nm in the altitude range of ~0.1–12 km and ~5–20, and at 308/353 nm in the altitude range of ~15–45 km. The union of these three measurement systems was used to carry out field experiments of atmospheric lidar sensing in Tomsk and to present the results of retrieving the vertical profile of the ozone concentration. In this study, coverage of the entire ozonosphere by the lidars was carried out for the first time in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that nozzle zones are one of the most dangerous elements of the reactor vessel. High stresses in such nodes can lead to the appearance of angular cracks. At the same time, the issue of choosing the critical dimensions and direction of crack location from the point of view of calculations for resistance to brittle fracture remains open. The paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the nozzle zone of the reactor vessel by the classical finite element method (FEM) and the extended finite element method (XFEM) using the submodeling technique. The results of numerical modeling by the classical FEM for the mode of hydraulic testing of the reactor vessel pressure vessel nozzle zone with three types of cracks are presented: surface, subweld, and a crack with 1 mm penetration into the weld. For twelve types of cracks with variations in their size and direction of location in the reactor vessel pressure vessel nozzle zone, the results of calculations of resistance to brittle fracture by the XFEM method for one of the characteristic modes of thermal shock are presented. The calculation results proved that axial cracks are more dangerous than circular cracks of the same dimensions. Cracks with a semi-axis ratios a/c = 0.3 and a/c = 0.7 are more dangerous for the axial and circumferential directions, respectively. At the same time, cracks with a/c = 0.3 are more sensitive to the direction of location than cracks with a/c = 0.7. It was shown that the use of the XFEM method makes it possible to conduct a rapid assessment of the resistance to brittle fracture with the possibility of varying the shape, size, and location of the crack, which allows one to effectively determine its critical size and the most dangerous location in the structural element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the ability of CdTe/CdS thin-film device structures prepared by the hot-wall method to detect ionizing radiation was investigated. The samples were fabricated with a structure typical of CdTe/CdS-based solar cells and exhibit radiation sensitivity even without the application of an external voltage. This allows such structures to be used as low-voltage radiation sensors. An investigation of the radiation resistance of the structures, namely, the effect of irradiation with high-intensity hydrogen plasma H2+ on the crystal structure and performance, was carried out. It was shown that the device structures remained operational after two plasma pulses at an ion density of 2 × 1023 m−2 and an energy density of up to 0.2 MJ/m2. With further exposure to plasma, the device structures deteriorated, first, due to gradual sputtering off of the back contact, and, second, as a result of diffusion processes that occurred when the structures were heated to high temperatures, due to which the entire volume of the CdTe base layer got converted into a CdSxTe1−x solid solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have investigated the aspects of developing hybrid sensor networks as subsystems of environmental and emergency monitoring systems for critical infrastructure and analyzing their operability. They have proposed a hybrid sensor network architecture based on Edge Computing (EC) technology, which combines stationary and mobile components. The first component relies on a ground sensor network (GSN), and the second one comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle swarm forming a flying EC network. The authors have analyzed algorithms for data collection, scalability issues, and optimizing the operation of GSN and entire monitoring systems. Reliability models of GSN under conditions of failure of individual sensors or sensor groups are developed and investigated. The authors have obtained the analytical dependences of reliability indicators on the sizes of sensor failure clusters and their intensity. The authors have provided recommendations for designing and implementing hybrid sensor networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the peculiarities of social beliefs of the Orthodox Church and Christians of the Evangelical Faith and their reflection in educational practices. It is shown that the formation of social doctrines is one of the basic tasks of modern Christianity. Social doctrine systematizes and actualizes the role and significance of social beliefs of Christianity, in their essence multi-vector, multi-dimensionality, integration as the main characteristics of the spiritual sphere of the church. Social doctrines are based on various aspects of theological and ecclesiological beliefs. They can be expressions of the theological tradition’s response to historical problems, social transformations of the digital age, in the confessional discourse, and can also reflect the modern view of a certain church on the issue of the relationship between faith and reason, science and religion, and humanitarian security. Approaches to social beliefs may differ depending on the "confessional color" of a certain religious organization and the information support of this process. According to this study, the implementation of the social doctrines of Christianity is impossible without an analysis of their beliefs aimed at solving both social issues in general and educational ones. The need to develop basic strategies of spiritual education is emphasized, outline the priorities facing education in a secularized world, but also suggest the development of sustainable concepts in the direction of highlighting the confessional worldview regarding the challenges of modern humanitarianism. It is proposed to consider the peculiarities of social beliefs in the system of educational processes of the Orthodox Church and the Christian Church of the Evangelical Faith. The conclusions emphasize that the social doctrine of the Ecumenical Patriarchate presupposes a progressive attitude to science and technological progress, encourages the church to use the resources of technological progress and informational resources for preaching. The need for the introduction of an integrated approach in spiritual education, constant informational innovations in the field of training of qualified ministers who are able to conduct missionary preaching activities taking into account the conditions of the time for an efficient educational process and humanitarian security in the context of transformations of the digital age is being updated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-based Ni–Ce1 –xZrxO2 catalysts were prepared by the Pechini method. The catalyst performance in the CO2 methanation reaction was studied. The catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity comparable to that of the commercial NIAP-07-05 catalyst of methanation. The catalysts were characterized by X‑ray diffraction methods with experiments using synchrotron radiation, and also by high-resolution electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The method for the preparation makes it possible to obtain fine nickel-containing particles formed during the decomposition of the Ni–Ce–Zr–O substitution solid solution obtained during the synthesis. Because of the decorating effect, however, the surface of nickel-containing particles is poorly accessible to reagents. For this reason, the Ni–Ce1 –xZrxO2 catalysts obtained by the Pechini method are less active than supported Ni/Ce1 –xZrxO2 catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phase field approach to study stability of β -Nb precipitates in Zr–Nb alloys is extended by taking into account local rearrangement of point defects and misfit dislocations. Kinetic properties of β -Nb phase formation are discussed at a heat treatment stage. Stability of secondary phase precipitates is studied at different irradiation temperatures and dose rates. It is shown that processes of dissolution/growth of precipitates are governed by the competition of ballistic mixing and thermal diffusion. It is found that at large values of dose rates and low temperatures, precipitates are dissolved due to a major role of ballistic mixing, whereas at low dose rate and elevated temperatures, β -niobium particles grow slowly by an Ostwald ripening scenario up to 1–2 nm due to the dominant role of thermal diffusion. Misfit dislocations sustain the existence of Nb-enriched domains of mixed symmetry. It is shown that growing dislocation loops and dissolving/growing precipitates result in the hardening change up to 0.01% at a dose rate of 10 − 5 dpa / s and temperatures of 550–575 K. Obtained theoretical results are verified by experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliability of perforated vibrosurfaces is one of the main parameters of the efficiency of their operation in many technological processes. Existing methods for studying vibrosurfaces with standard single holes and the corresponding results cannot be used to study the reliability of vibration surfaces with holes of complex geometric shapes. The proposed method is based on the experimental modal identification of the parameters of natural oscillations, the parallel creation of a numerical model using the finite element method, and the comparison of the results. Three vibrosurfaces were investigated: solid without holes, perforated with standard round holes, perforated with holes in the form of a five-petal epicycloid. As a result of experiments, the divergence of natural vibrations of perforated surfaces depending on the side of the punch and matrix during their technological production by pressing was established. The result of the research was a refined adequate numerical model that takes into account the presence of holes in complex geometric shapes. A methodology has been developed, and analytical expressions with perforation coefficients have been obtained, which allow obtaining values of natural oscillations of vibration surfaces depending on the properties of metal, boundary conditions, and structural and kinematic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is regulated by a set of its ligands, which determines the specificity of signaling and intracellular fate of the receptor. The EGFR signaling system is well characterized in immortalized cell lines such as HeLa derived from tumor tissues, but much less is known about EGFR function in untransformed multipotent stromal/stem cells (MSCs). We compared the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor- α (TGF- α) and amphiregulin (AREG) on physiological responses in endometrial MSCs (enMSC) and HeLa cells. In addition, using Western blotting and confocal microscopy, we studied the internalization and degradation of EGFR stimulated by the three ligands in these cell lines. We demonstrated that unlike HeLa, EGF and TGF- α , but not AREG, stimulated enMSC proliferation and prevented decidual differentiation in an EGFR-dependent manner. In HeLa cells, EGF targeted EGFR for degradation, while TGF- α stimulated its recycling. Surprisingly, in enMSC, both ligands caused EGFR degradation. In both cell lines, AREG-EGFR internalization was not registered. In HeLa cells, EGFR was degraded within 2 h, restoring its level in 24 h, while in enMSC, degradation took more than 4–8 h, and the low EGFR level persisted for several days. This indicates that EGFR homeostasis in MSCs may differ significantly from that in immortalized cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the described empirical study of the age-specific motivational and speech processes of children aged 5–6, the psycholinguistic approach was used, according to which, speech motivation and speech motives are considered to be psychological universals irrespective of the specific features of different national languages by means of which utterances are produced. That is why the psychological aspects of the development of speech motives and speech motivation peculiar to the Ukrainian native speakers can be extrapolated on the native speakers of other national languages and in similar development conditions considered to be a motivational universal: characteristic of children of this age group in other countries. The research was carried out on the basis of motivational and speech criteria, the corresponding indicators, relevant methods, and the authors' psychodiagnostic methods. The data obtained in the experiment: (i) Reveal the dynamics, vectors and driving forces of speech motives and the resulting speech motivation of pre-school children in relation to motive-to-target mechanism; (ii) Demonstrate the ways in which children express their communicative needs and the motives-contacts generated by them in dialogue and motives-concepts in monological statements; (iii) Present typical strategies of children's acquisition of motives for the formation and formulation of meanings. The results obtained support the hypothesis verified in the study, according to which the creation of special conditions for the purposeful development of children's motives-objectives and motivation of achievement is foreseen, with the emergence of which their speech acts acquire the status of self-sufficient, purposeful speech activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entropy-oriented approach called security- or cybersecurity-informed safety (SIS or CSIS, respectively) is discussed and developed in order to analyse and evaluate the safety and dependability of autonomous transport systems (ATSs) such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned maritime vehicles (UMVs), and satellites. This approach allows for extending and integrating the known techniques FMECA (Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis) and IMECA (Intrusion MECA), as well as developing the new SISMECA (SIS-based Intrusion Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis) technique. The ontology model and templates for SISMECA implementation are suggested. The methodology of safety assessment is based on (i) the application and enhancement of SISMECA considering the particularities of various ATSs and roles of actors (regulators, developers, operators, customers); (ii) the development of a set of scenarios describing the operation of ATS in conditions of cyberattacks and physical influences; (iii) AI contribution to system protection for the analysed domains; (iv) scenario-based development and analysis of user stories related to different cyber-attacks, as well as ways to protect ATSs from them via AI means/platforms; (v) profiling of AI platform requirements by use of characteristics based on AI quality model, risk-based assessment of cyberattack criticality, and efficiency of countermeasures which actors can implement. Examples of the application of SISMECA assessment are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a generalised approach for describing the universal dynamics and statistical properties of fission gas bubble growth in amorphous systems, using U 3 S i 2 as an example. We examine the scaling properties of both the growth and coalescence regimes of bubble growth, and find that the scaling exponents in these regimes are controlled by the fission rate and temperature. The nucleation regime is characterised by a growth exponent close to 1/2, while the coalescence regime is characterised by a growth exponent around 1/3. We show that the statistical distribution over bubble size is of a universal character. Analytical results are verified by numerical simulations and clarified with experimental data. This study provides insight into the kinetics of fission gas bubble growth in amorphous systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the method of successive approximations (Schwartz algorithm) and the Fourier integral transform, we construct a Green-type solution for an anisotropic strip with unloaded boundary. This solution is expressed in terms of the Lekhnitskii potentials with isolated poles. On the basis of the constructed solutions, we deduce singular integral equations for anisotropic plates with holes such that the boundary conditions imposed on the sides of the strip are identically satisfied. These equations are numerically solved by the method of mechanical quadratures. We also analyze the stress concentration in the vicinity of holes of different shapes contained in composite plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-strength and armored steels are used in different structural elements and in the development of new military equipment operating under extreme conditions, including high-velocity impact interaction and explosive loading. Under such conditions, the fracture is induced by the combination of different mechanisms that depend on the mechanical properties of materials, strain rate, stress state, temperature, etc. Experimental and computational research methods combine to gain additional information on the behavior of high-strength materials essential for modern military equipment in operation. The test results for the penetration of ARMOX 500T steel target 10 mm thick at different loading rates using a ballistic pendulum are presented. The results of a set of piercing tests with the strikers of three types became the basis for evaluating the integral energy characteristics of material deformation and fracture induced by impact interaction; the target penetration pulse against loading rate was constructed and used in the numerical simulation of impact interaction and validation of model material parameters. The finite element method was employed to numerically simulate the processes of dynamic target penetration with the Johnson-Cook material deformation model. The loading and strain rate effects on the results are estimated. The calculation results are compared with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a computational assessment of the shape change of the WWER-1000 reactor core baffle using modern approaches to modeling the processes of radiation swelling, radiation creep, and subcritical damage of irradiated metal by the mechanism of ductile fracture. To simulate radiation effects, mathematical models are used that consider the influence of the stress state and accumulated irreversible deformation on the swelling and creep of austenitic steels exposed to neutron irradiation and elevated temperature. The increased volume concentration of ductile fracture pores in the irradiated metal is considered using the modified Huang equation and the proposed equation derived from Kachanov's solution for a spherical cavity in an unbounded elastic-plastic medium. The determination of the stress-strain state of the WWER-1000 reactor cavity and the inner vessel shaft is based on solving a nonlinear boundary value problem of thermomechanics, which allows describing the kinetics of the coupled processes of elastic-plastic deformation, radiation swelling, radiation creep, contact interaction, and subcritical damage of irradiated metal depending on the accumulated dose of neutron irradiation. The computational analysis is based on a mixed finite element method scheme that provides a continuous approximation for both displacements and stresses and strains, which makes it possible to determine the shape change of the shielding with a high degree of accuracy. The calculation was performed in a two-dimensional formulation for the cross-section of the shielding with the maximum height of the damaging dose and irradiation temperature under the condition of generalized plane deformation. The calculation results were obtained using the median parameters of the temperature-dose dependence of free swelling of austenitic steel 08Kh18N10T. Based on the calculated data, the influence of radiation effects and metal damage according to the ductile fracture models on determining the shape change of the WWER-1000 reactor baffle under conditions of long-term operation was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly being used in industrial applications, security and military contexts, disaster response complexes, policing and justice practices, finance, and healthcare systems. However, disruptions to these systems can have negative impacts on health, mortality, human rights, and asset values. The protection of such systems from various types of destructive influences is thus a relevant area of research. The vast majority of previously published works are aimed at reducing vulnerability to certain types of disturbances or implementing certain resilience properties. At the same time, the authors either do not consider the concept of resilience as such, or their understanding varies greatly. The aim of this study is to present a systematic approach to analyzing the resilience of artificial intelligence systems, along with an analysis of relevant scientific publications. Our methodology involves the formation of a set of resilience factors, organizing and defining taxonomic and ontological relationships for resilience factors of artificial intelligence systems, and analyzing relevant resilience solutions and challenges. This study analyzes the sources of threats and methods to ensure each resilience properties for artificial intelligence systems. As a result, the potential to create a resilient artificial intelligence system by configuring the architecture and learning scenarios is confirmed. The results can serve as a roadmap for establishing technical requirements for forthcoming artificial intelligence systems, as well as a framework for assessing the resilience of already developed artificial intelligence systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescent mental health is a global concern, however, time trends and the COVID‐19‐related restrictions vary across countries. This study examined changes in adolescent mental health and substance use in Russia between 2002, 2015 and during the pandemic in 2021. Methods: Cross‐sectional school‐based surveys of 12‐ to 18‐year‐olds were carried out in a Siberian city in 2002 (N = 713), 2015 (N = 840) and 2021 (N = 721) using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, data on tobacco, alcohol and drug use and socio‐demographic information. We examined the effect of cohort, gender, family composition and parental occupation on mental health and substance use. Results: There were increases in emotional symptoms and internalising problems (B = 0.93, p <.001) and decreases in substance use over 19 years (B = ‐.73, p <.001). Changes in adolescent mental health and substance use were substantial from 2002 to 2015 and nonsignificant from 2015 to 2021. Increases in mental health problems were evident only among girls; a decrease in alcohol use was larger among boys. Family composition and parental occupation did not account for these changes. Conclusions: These results suggest that the mental health of Russian adolescent girls has worsened in the 21st century; the gender gap in mental health has widened; the gender gap in alcohol use was reversed in 2021. The findings highlight the need for research into gender‐specific factors and for effective interventions. The lack of changes in Russian adolescent mental health and substance use from 2015 to during the pandemic in 2021 suggests successful coping; however, more research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analytically summarizes the idea of applying Shannon's principle of entropy maximization to sets that represent the results of observations of the "input" and "output" entities of the stochastic model for evaluating variable small data. To formalize this idea, a sequential transition from the likelihood function to the likelihood functional and the Shannon entropy functional is analytically described. Shannon's entropy characterizes the uncertainty caused not only by the probabilistic nature of the parameters of the stochastic data evaluation model but also by interferences that distort the results of the measurements of the values of these parameters. Accordingly, based on the Shannon entropy, it is possible to determine the best estimates of the values of these parameters for maximally uncertain (per entropy unit) distortions that cause measurement variability. This postulate is organically transferred to the statement that the estimates of the density of the probability distribution of the parameters of the stochastic model of small data obtained as a result of Shannon entropy maximization will also take into account the fact of the variability of the process of their measurements. In the article, this principle is developed into the information technology of the parametric and non-parametric evaluation on the basis of Shannon entropy of small data measured under the influence of interferences. The article analytically formalizes three key elements: -instances of the class of parameterized stochastic models for evaluating variable small data; -methods of estimating the probability density function of their parameters, represented by normalized or interval probabilities; -approaches to generating an ensemble of random vectors of initial parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new methacrylic monomers with side chain styrylquinoline containing moiety were synthesized by reaction alcohols with methacryloyl chloride; and the polymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization. Polymers were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results of photochemical and optical activities of the corresponding polymers are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, supported 5 wt% Ru/Ce 0.75 Zr 0.25 O 2 catalysts were prepared by sorption-hydrolytic deposition technique, followed by calcination under different conditions, namely in reductive H 2 /N 2 (Ru/CeZr_red) and oxidative air (Ru/CeZr_ox) atmospheres. A thorough characterization of the catalysts was carried out by XRD, CO chemisorption, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and in situ DRIFTS. The findings showed that the choice of the calcination atmosphere has a great impact on the structural organization of the catalyst. Calcination in air results in the formation of the larger crystalline RuO 2 particles, which tend to enlarge upon reduction under CO 2 methanation conditions. The reductive treatment results in a much higher dispersion of supported Ru species and a more pronounced metal-support interaction (MSI). In the Ru/CeZr_red catalyst, a large amount of atomic scale Ru species was detected along with metallic Ru nanoparticles and clusters. However, it was found that the superiority of the Ru/CeZr_red catalyst in the Ru dispersion did not result in the significant advantage in the CO 2 methanation activity. In situ DRIFTS results suggested that the MSI affects the ability of Ru species to adsorb and activate reagent molecules, in particular, enhances the adsorption strength of the intermediate CO species. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal ions present in cellular microenvironment have been implicated as drivers of aggregation of amyloid forming proteins. Zinc (Zn2+) ions have been reported to directly interact with α-synuclein (AS), a causative agent of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, and promote its aggregation. AS is a small intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) i.e., understanding molecular factors that drive its misfolding and aggregation has been challenging since methods used routinely to study protein structure are not effective for IDPs. Here, we report the atomic details of Zn2+ binding to AS at physiologically relevant conditions using proton-less NMR techniques that can be applied to highly dynamic systems like IDPs. We also examined how human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in human blood, binds to AS and whether Zn2+ and/or ionic strength affect this. We conclude that Zn2+ enhances the anti-aggregation chaperoning role of HSA that relies on protecting the hydrophobic N-terminal and NAC regions of AS, rather than polar negatively charged C-terminus. This suggested a previously undocumented role of Zn2+ in HSA function and AS aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the computational simulation of the workflow in the primary combustion chamber flame tube of the afterburning turbofan jet engine (ATJE) on the tactical military aircraft was carried out. The geometric model of a flame tube was created and adapted to perform the interrelated calculation of the thermal and stress-strain behaviour of the walls of the flame tube influenced by the operational loads during the computational simulation of the workflow. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the simulation results was conducted, and the connection between the peculiarities of the workflow and the characteristic damage of the flame tubes, detected during the operation, was established. The possibility of using modern CAD/CAE systems to solve the scientific tasks towards maximizing the cycle life potential of the main and primarily important components of the ATJE on the assessment basis of their damage exhaustion degree was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents theoretical and methodological aspects of social support for families with adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in rehabilitation centres. In particular, it describes the process and results from the implementation of the author's work with mutual support groups of parents of adolescents with MSDs. The article aims to determine and quasi-experimentally verify the methods of rehabilitation of individuals with MSDs and prove their effectiveness in rehabilitation centres with the involvement of parents. During the implementation of the programme, social work with families in centres for social rehabilitation of children with MSDs consists of the following main areas: family therapy, family psychoprophylaxis, providing social assistance to families, mediation in resolving family conflicts, family counselling, social and pedagogical work with families. The content and forms of social and pedagogical work with the family are determined by a group of the following factors: a family type, problems in the family; areas of professional training of the specialist providing services to the family. The quasi-experimental group (EG) consists of 40 leavers from the Vinnytsia Centre for Social Rehabilitation of Children with Special Needs "Promin", who are diagnosed with cerebral palsy, and six leavers with mild mental disorders. The control group (CG) consists of 40 individuals diagnosed with cerebral palsy and seven individuals with mild mental disorders. The age requirement for EG is 14-19 years old. The formative experiment also involves 27 parents of children with MSDs. The measures taken during the experiment have contributed to developing the skills of conscious psychological separation from constant parental care, taking responsibility for their lives, setting real-life goals and destroying the position of helplessness in individuals with MSDs. The article shows that a set of causes and factors affecting families' well-being positively or negatively determines the interpersonal relationships and the traditions of family education. The international relevance of the article lies in the effective combination of social support for families with adolescents with MSDs in rehabilitation centres and parents' involvement. The author's methodology forms the basis for the new aspects of synergistic family and institutional rehabilitation and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove coercive a priori estimates of solutions of a Dirichlet-type boundary-value problem in a strip for a certain higher-order degenerate elliptic equation containing weighted derivatives of a special form up to the order 2m and ordinary partial derivatives up to the order 2k−1 under the condition 2m > 2k −1. At the boundary of the strip, Dirichlet-type conditions are imposed. A coercive a priori estimate for solutions of the problem considered in special weighted Sobolev-type spaces is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of impact loading have been studied for a long time, but there are still many questions, the solution of which is vital for various industries, especially for the military. This paper presents the results of comprehensive experimental studies to determine the energy characteristics of fracture during crack initiation and propagation in Charpy specimens of high-strength steel Hardox 450 and armored steel Armox 500T, cut from sheets in two different directions, during impact bending tests. The tests were carried out on an instrumented vertical tester equipped with a high-speed data recording system in the temperature range from –196 to 300 °C. According to the test results, the load diagrams in the force-time coordinates were obtained. The total deformation and fracture energy and its components, nucleation energy, ductile growth, brittle crack slip, and ductile fracture energy of the specimen were calculated. Using quantitative fractography methods, the specimens' fracture surfaces were studied, and the specific deformation and fracture energies and their components were determined. It is shown that the direction of cutting of specimens significantly affects the energy characteristics of fracture. On the upper shelf in the specimens cut in the longitudinal direction, the energy value is higher than for the transverse direction for both steels. This difference is approximately 38% for Hardox 450 and almost 118% for Armox 500T. Using a high-speed recording system allows us to determine the average crack propagation velocity and crack velocities in separate areas by comparing the corresponding zones on the load diagram and on the fracture surface of the specimens. The results showed that the average crack propagation velocity for specimens cut in the transverse direction was 10–15% higher than for specimens cut in the longitudinal direction for both steels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium (SeNPs) and tellurium nanoparticles (TeNPs) were synthesized by green technology using the three new bacterial marine isolates (strains PL 2476, AF 2469 and G 2451). Isolates were classified as Pseudoalteromonasshioyasakiensis according to 16S rRNA sequence analysis, morphological characteristics, and biochemical reactions. The bioreduction processes of isolates were studied in comparison with the previously described Alteromonasmacleodii (strain 2328). All strains exhibited significant tolerance to selenite and tellurite up to 1000 µg/mL. A comparative analysis of the bioreduction processes of the isolates demonstrated that the strains have a high rate of reduction processes. Characterization of biogenic red SeNPs and black TeNPs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering, and micro-Raman Spectroscopy revealed that all the isolates form stable spherical selenium and tellurium nanoparticles whose size as well as elemental composition depend on the producer strain. Nanoparticles of the smallest size (up to 100 nm) were observed only for strain PL 2476. Biogenic SeNPs and TeNPs were also characterized and tested for their antimicrobial, antifouling and cytotoxic activities. Significant antimicrobial activity was shown for nanoparticles at relatively high concentrations (500 and 1000 µg/mL), with the antimicrobial activity of TeNPs being more significant than SeNPs. In contrast, against cell cultures (breast cancer cells (SkBr3) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) SeNPs showed greater toxicity than tellurium nanoparticles. Studies have demonstrated the high antifouling effectiveness of selenium and tellurium nanoparticles when introduced into self-polishing coatings. According to the results obtained, the use of SeNPs and TeNPs as antifouling additives can reduce the concentration of leachable biocides used in coatings, reducing the pressure on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern trainable image recognition models are vulnerable to different types of perturbations; hence, the development of resilient intelligent algorithms for safety-critical applications remains a relevant concern to reduce the impact of perturbation on model performance. This paper proposes a model and training method for a resilient image classifier capable of efficiently functioning despite various faults, adversarial attacks, and concept drifts. The proposed model has a multi-section structure with a hierarchy of optimized class prototypes and hyperspherical class boundaries, which provides adaptive computation, perturbation absorption, and graceful degradation. The proposed training method entails the application of a complex loss function assembled from its constituent parts in a particular way depending on the result of perturbation detection and the presence of new labeled and unlabeled data. The training method implements principles of self-knowledge distillation, the compactness maximization of class distribution and the interclass gap, the compression of feature representations, and consistency regularization. Consistency regularization makes it possible to utilize both labeled and unlabeled data to obtain a robust model and implement continuous adaptation. Experiments are performed on the publicly available CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets using model backbones based on modules ResBlocks from the ResNet50 architecture and Swin transformer blocks. It is experimentally proven that the proposed prototype-based classifier head is characterized by a higher level of robustness and adaptability in comparison with the dense layer-based classifier head. It is also shown that multi-section structure and self-knowledge distillation feature conserve resources when processing simple samples under normal conditions and increase computational costs to improve the reliability of decisions when exposed to perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antifriction self-lubricating glass composite coatings of the Sic-Ni-Cu-Al-Si-C type additionally contain an aluminoborosilicate glass phase and structurally free MgC2, which forms α-graphite during thermolysis, the synergistic effect of which causes modification of the friction surface due to the formation antifriction layer. The influence of the structural components of the coating on their contribution to the antifriction properties is considered. It was clarified that an increase in the adhesive strength of the coatings was achieved by preliminary application of a sublayer of vitreous sodium silicate. The developed coatings showed high performance properties, while the means of minimizing and stabilizing wear characteristics was the presence of a thin-film antifriction layer based on α-graphite, which shields unacceptable processes of molecular-adhesive interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper suggests a methodology (conception and principles) for building two-mode monitoring systems (SMs) for industrial facilities and their adjacent territories based on the application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Internet of Things (IoT), and digital twin (DT) technologies, and a set of SM reliability models considering the parameters of the channels and components. The concept of building a reliable and resilient SM is proposed. For this purpose, the von Neumann paradigm for the synthesis of reliable systems from unreliable components is developed. For complex SMs of industrial facilities, the concept covers the application of various types of redundancy (structural, version, time, and space) for basic components—sensors, means of communication, processing, and presentation—in the form of DTs for decision support systems. The research results include: the methodology for the building and general structures of UAV-, IoT-, and DT-based SMs in industrial facilities as multi-level systems; reliability models for SMs considering the applied technologies and operation modes (normal and emergency); and industrial cases of SMs for manufacture and nuclear power plants. The results obtained are the basis for further development of the theory and for practical applications of SMs in industrial facilities within the framework of the implementation and improvement of Industry 4.0 principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochemical and mineral peculiarities of plants inhabiting desert and semi-desert areas may provide important information about the mechanism of their adaptability and reveal the prospects of their utilization. Rheum tataricum L., known for its high tolerance to drought, salinity, and nutritional deficiency, is the least studied species of wild rhubarb. Using biochemical and ICP-MS analysis, the antioxidant status and mineral composition of R. tataricum were determined. Extremely high levels of antioxidant activity (148-155 mg GAE g-1 d.w.), polyphenols (24.6-25.1 mg GAE g-1 d.w.) and carotenoids (1.94 mg-eq β-carotene g-1 d.w.) were revealed in roots, proline in leaves (71.1 ± 6.2 mg kg-1 d.w.) and malic acid in stems (3.40 ± 0.50 mg g-1 d.w.). Compared to garden rhubarb, R. tataricum demonstrated significant root-leaves translocation of Li, Se, Si, and Mo, known to participate in plant antioxidant defense. Under high levels of Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Cr and Si in soil, R. tataricum demonstrated the ability to significantly increase the accumulation of these elements in roots, showing a hyperaccumulation ability for Sr. The first broad picture of R. tataricum biochemical and mineral characteristics in semi-desert habitat and its nutritional value indicate the prospects of R. tataricum utilization in plant breeding, medicine, and nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-containing catalysts Ni/Ce1–xZrxO2 exhibit good activity in the methanation of carbon oxides. The studies devoted to the synthesis and testing of Ni–Ce–Zr–O mixed oxide catalytic systems have been developed in recent years. However, the possibility of preparing solid solutions Ni–Ce–Zr–O is still not clear. In this work, Ni–Ce1–xZrxO2 catalysts are synthesized using the Pechini method that has a proven effectiveness in the preparation of mixed oxides. Structural features of the samples are studied by a wide range of powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy methods, as well as by the atomic pair distribution analysis. The obtained results prove the possibility of preparing the fluorite-like Ni–Ce–Zr–O substitutional solid solution. The crystal structure of this solution is distorted due to the differences between characteristic coordinations and the radii of nickel, cerium, and zirconium cations. It is shown that the Ni–Ce–Zr–O solid solution with a "strained" defective crystal structure is not stable and decomposes under reducing conditions of methanation of carbon oxides to form fine metallic nickel particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cybersecurity is a common Internet of Things security challenge. The lack of security in IoT devices has led to a great number of devices being compromised, with threats from both inside and outside the IoT infrastructure. Attacks on the IoT infrastructure result in device hacking, data theft, financial loss, instability, or even physical damage to devices. This requires the development of new approaches to ensure high-security levels in IoT infrastructure. To solve this problem, we propose a new approach for IoT cyberattack detection based on machine learning algorithms. The core of the method involves network traffic analyses that IoT devices generate during communication. The proposed approach deals with the set of network traffic features that may indicate the presence of cyberattacks in the IoT infrastructure and compromised IoT devices. Based on the obtained features for each IoT device, the feature vectors are formed. To conclude the possible attack presence, machine learning algorithms were employed. We assessed the complexity and time of machine learning algorithm implementation considering multi-vector cyberattacks on IoT infrastructure. Experiments were conducted to approve the method's efficiency. The results demonstrated that the network traffic feature-based approach allows the detection of multi-vector cyberattacks with high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety assessment of modern critical instrumentation and control systems is a complicated process considerably dependent on expert techniques, single/multiple faults consideration scope, other assumptions, invoked limitations, and support tools used during the assessment process. Ignoring these assumptions, as well as the significance of expert and tool influence, could lead to such effects as functional safety underestimation or overestimation in such a manner that functional safety assessment correctness and accuracy are affected. This paper introduces XMECA (x modes, effects, and criticality analysis, where x could be from different known techniques and domains—failures in functional safety, vulnerabilities and intrusions regarding cybersecurity, etc.) as a key technique of safety assessment. To verify the results obtained as XMECA deliverables, expert and uncertainty modes, effects, and criticality analysis (EUMECA) is performed, in particular focusing on decisions and judgments made by experts. Scenarios for processing verbal and quantitative information of XMECA tables from experts are offered. A case study of a possible functional safety assessment approach that considers the above-mentioned techniques and a supporting tool is provided. To assess the trustworthiness of safety analysis and estimation using XMECA, a set of the metrics is suggested. Features of adapting the suggested method for security assessment considering intrusions, vulnerabilities, and effects analysis (IMECA technique) are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of transformational processes in contemporary music art under the influence of the fine arts practices is one of the important problems of musical culturology and aesthetics. The study is topical because of the new efforts aimed at understanding and arrangement of the evolution of established aesthetic systems and experiments in music and fine arts in the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, as well as their influence on modern practices of introduction of meaningful elements of painting, graphics, architecture, and multimedia technologies into music creation processes. The aim of the research was to identify current trends in music visualization through the arrangement and generalization of the experience of artists of the 20th -- early 21st centuries, who used expressive arts, synthesizing one art into another in their musical compositions, as well as to identify the background of those synthetic ideas and ways to implement them. The scientific research established that the development of synthetic art has its roots in the disposition towards merging arts and versatility. The fine arts practices applied in music has contributed to the expansion and enrichment of artistic means and techniques and has entailed further complication of sound and visual components in the overall concept of the work. It is concluded that the individual creative and personal traits of the artist, who seeks to fully convey the multidimensional figurativeness of the work determine a significant impact on implementing fine arts practices in music. Prospects for further research of the evolution of fine arts practices and audio-visual media in music involve the development of description techniques in the context of the dominance of the visualization factor over music one in artistic perception, as well as the study of the impact of cultural technologization on contemporary music art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to present and analyze the processes occurring as a result of installing a long flashover arrester (LFA) and a multi-chamber arrester (MCA) as overvoltage protection of power networks. The numerical models of LFA and MCA will be made in order to carry out simulations in the scope of selected structural elements of the considered overvoltage protection device. The above research is a significant supplement to the information on the selection of an effective solution for overvoltage protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization, virtualization, commercialization, loss of integrity, polystylistics, liberation from any norms are the latest trends that determine the development of contemporary art. They influence the functioning of communication models in the postmodern era that evolve in accordance with the achievements of technology and acquire mobility, variability and interactivity. Interaction between social processes and scientific and technological achievements is increasing, the essence of communication in the space of postmodern culture is being rethought, particularly, the boundary between the types of art is being levelled. The latter phenomenon leads to the emergence of new instruments and methods of artistic creativity and expands the possibilities of artistic selfexpression. One of the promising areas of artistic exploration is the creation of sound interactive installations. This paper proposes a classification of communication models that are based on the analysis of interactive sound installations. The classification is based on determining the degree to which audiences actions influence the final sound result of the creative action. The paper claims that the parameters of the exhibition space are important components of the installation's structure and form. A dialogue with nature by way of incorporating sounds of nature, their imitations, and interpretations in art objects is found to be a current trend in interactive sound installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]