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Background and Aims: Cuscuta sp. (Dodder), known as “Ikşut”, is a parasitic herbaceous plant that negatively affects the yield and quality of cultivated crops; however, it has been used as an ancient medicinal plant for curing liver problems for centuries in the southeastern part of Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and mineral compositions of Cuscuta monogyna Vahl. subsp. monogyna Vahl. (CMM) grown on different host plants, along with their antioxidant activity, and to compare the host plant parts and their collected dodders. Methods: In this study, dodders were collected from host plants, including vineyardolive, pomegranate, green pepper, and liquorice in Turkey. The dodders were removed from their hosts before the drying process. Mineral contents were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Optical Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and phytochemical contents were identified by chromatography. The total polyphenolic compositions and antioxidant activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: Because of the phenolic contents in the host plants and dodders, a significant variation was observed, with values ranging from 5.175% to 35.238%.. Different plant extracts and their varied dilutions had radical scavenging activity on 2.2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl in the ranges of 57.78 - 95.87%. Variations in mineral compositions were also determined in the dodders and their host plants. Conclusion: Mutualist or semi-parasitic plant communities share many phytochemical compounds and thus have the potential to exhibit similar activities. With regard to the obtained results, the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of dodder plants are closely related to their host plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the housing environment and hen strain on the welfare and behavior of laying hens was the focus of this study. Lohmann LSL Classic (W) and Lohmann Sandy (S) were assessed under deep litter without outdoor access (DL), deep litter with access to outdoor pens covered with either Mentha piperita (MP), Petroselinum crispum (PC) or Medicago sativa (MS). Duration of tonic immobility, feather condition, footpad dermatitis, and temperatures (comb, breast region, footpad surface, and rectal) were determined at 31, 42, and 52 weeks of age. Hen's behaviors were observed at 32, 42, and 52 weeks of age. Blood parameters were assessed at 52 weeks of hen age. Duration of tonic immobility was similar between hen strains and across ages of hens (p > 0.05) but nearly reached significant levels due to the housing environment (p = 0.070). There was a significant effect of age (p < 0.001), housing environment (p < 0.001), and hen strain (p < 0.05) on total feather score. Age-related effects were observed for all the body region temperatures (p < 0.001), and only the comb and rectal temperatures differed between hen strains (p < 0.001; p < 0.05). The housing environment did not affect the body surface temperatures (p > 0.05). Blood parameters did not differ between hen strains and housing environments (p > 0.05). There was a significant effect of age, housing environment, and hen strain on the proportion of hens expressing some behaviors (p < 0.001; p < 0.05). Time of the day influenced the proportion of birds expressing wing flapping and dust bathing behaviors (p < 0.05). It was concluded that feather condition varies with the housing environment and hen strain, duration of tonic immobility may differ across housing environments, but other welfare traits remain to be refined. Also, housing environment but not strain modulates the expression of most behaviors of hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Duane syndrome (DS) is typically characterized by abduction and/or adduction deficiency accompanied by eyelid and ocular motility disturbances. Maldevelopment or absence of the sixth nerve has been shown to be the causative factor. The aim of the present study was to investigate static and dynamic pupillary characteristics in patients with DS and compare the results with those of healthy eyes. Materials and. Methods: Patients with unilateral isolated DS and no history of ocular surgery were enrolled in the study. Healthy subjects with a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 1.0 or higher were assigned to the control group. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examination and pupillometry measurements (MonPack One, Vision Monitor System, Metrovision, Perenchies, France) including static and dynamic pupil evaluation. Results: A total of 74 patients (22 with DS and 52 healthy subjects) were included in the study. The mean age of the DS patients and healthy subjects was 11.05±5.19 and 12.54±4.05 years, respectively (p = 0.188). There was no difference in sex distribution (p = 0.502). Mean BCVA differed significantly between eyes with DS and healthy eyes, and between healthy eyes and the fellow eyes of DS patients (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in any static or dynamic pupillometry parameters (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: In the light of the results of the present study, the pupil seems to be not involved in DS. Larger studies including more patients with different types of DS in different age groups or comprising patients with non-isolated DS may reveal different findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer with an increased incidence in the world is one of the public health-threatening malignancy. Metastatic prostate cancer is an important cause of death in men despite of the combined use of more than one chemotherapeutic drug as well as radiotherapy and supportive treatments. Therefore, there is a need to de velop novel treatment strategies in metastatic prostate cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of Rutaecarpine (RUT) on metastatic prostate cancer cells. RUT induced cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death were evaluated by WST-1, Annexin V, AO staining and ELISA assays in PC-3 human metastatic prostate cancer cell line. The viability percentage of PC-3 cells after exposing to different concentrations of RUT treatment signif icantly decreased in a time and dose dependent manner and the most effective concentrations of RUT was determined as 20 and 40 μM for 48 hours (p<0.05). Annexin V and AO staining revealed that the early and late apoptosis rate significantly increased compared to the control group (p <0.05). Additionally, the caspase -3 levels significantly increased after RUT treatment in PC-3 cells in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). In this study, RUT exhibited a cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on PC-3 cells and therefore RUT could be a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of the apoptotic death caused by RUT in PC-3 cells should be further investigated through advanced analysis at molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of queen bees plays a crucial role in colony losses and overall productivity. However, there is a lack of studies utilizing commercially available queen bees with a substantial sample size. This study aims to address this research gap by assessing the quality attributes of queens sold in Türkiye and investigating the influence of season and breeds on these attributes. Anonymously obtained from 15 different queen producers across five regions in three different seasons, queens were evaluated, based on reproductive criteria. In addition to these queen producers, we also included queens from Apiculture Research Institute, in which this study was conducted. Weight features and dissection characteristics were found to be influenced by the time period and ecotypes. This study examined the average diameter of the spermatheca, with measurements of 1.148 mm in April-May, 1.109 mm in July, and 1.115 mm in September. The average overall sperm count recorded was approximately 4.086 million. It is considered that this number is adequate and could be further improved by applying elements such as optimal location selection, drone cultivation, and correct and thorough implementation of the production method. While this study revealed multiple advantages of Yığılca Ecotype queen bees, the findings did not establish a substantial advantage over other breeds to recommend their widespread usage in beekeeping enterprises. To make definitive suggestions, it is crucial to conduct similar research over multiple years and assess colony growth in regions favored by migratory beekeepers during winter. The findings of this study provide valuable information about the quality of available queens from different regions and ecotypes in different seasons, aiding beekeepers in making informed decisions when purchasing queen bees. Additionally, the research offers valuable insights for queen bee producers, assisting in the timing of queen bee rearing operations based on specific regions and ecotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effects of R&D and marketing expenditures of companies that force marketing and finance to act together on stock return, return on assets, and return on equity. To this end, the quarterly frequency data of nine companies that were continuously traded in the BIST Technology Index between March 2009 and December 2020 were examined with panel-data analysis. In line with the purpose of the research, analyzes were carried out in three different models. First of all, we determined which tests should be performed on the models based on the cross-sectional dependence, homogeneity/heterogeneity, and panel unit root test results obtained for the established models. The results of panel least squares test carried out to determine the effect of R&D and marketing expenditures on stock return showed that the effect of R&D expenditures on stock return was not statistically significant while marketing expenditures had a positive and significant effect on stock return. Analyzes should be continued with cointegration tests according to the characteristics of the two models established to determine the effect of R&D and marketing expenditures on return on assets and return on equity. The results implied a positive and significant relationship between R&D expenditures and return on both assets and equity. While no statistically significant relationship was found between marketing expenditures and return on assets, there was a positive and significant relationship between marketing expenditures and return on equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous study, 3-amino-4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1,1-dioxide (DPTD), which is five-membered cyclosulfamide, was synthesized and structurally characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of DPTD on cultured human lymphocytes in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system (S9 mix). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DPTD in human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in vitro by using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Mitomycin-C (MMC) for cultures without S9 mix and cyclophosphamide monohydrate (CP) for cultures with S9 mix were used as positive controls. The cultures were treated with DPTD (45, 90, and 180 µg/mL) in the absence and presence of S9 mix. The cells were also co-treated with DPTD together with MMC or CP. DPTD showed cytotoxic activity due to decreases in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) in the absence and presence of S9 mix. DPTD also increased the CAs, aberrant cells with CAs and MN values in cultures with and without S9 mix. When DPTD and MMC or CP were used together, lower MI and NDI values and higher CA and MN values were found than those DPTD treated alone. Both DPTD and its metabolites have cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures under the experimental conditions. Furthermore, co-treatment of DPTD and MMC or CP can cause more cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Our results indicated that the use of DPTD with other chemotherapeutic drugs may display more effective results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of serous macular detachment (SMD) accompanying recurrent cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients initially treated for CME secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with accompanying SMD, and discuss the factors that affect the prevalence. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 71 patients with RVO-associated CME and SMD who achieved complete anatomical resolution after treatment with either a single dexamethasone implant or three loading doses of ranibizumab and developed recurrent CME during follow-up. Results: Initial treatment was a single intravitreal dexamethasone implant in 45 patients (63.4%) (Group 1) and three loading doses of intravitreal ranibizumab in 26 patients (36.6%) (Group 2). The mean time to CME recurrence was 4.7±0.8 months (range, 4-7 months) and was similar in both groups (p=0.984). At the time of CME recurrence, SMD was present in 41 patients (57.7%) and absent in 30 patients (42.3%). SMD was present in 27 (60.0%) of the 45 Group 1 patients and 14 (53.8%) of the 26 Group 2 patients (p=0.613). SMD was present in 48.8% of branch RVO and 71.4% of central RVO patients at the time of recurrence (p<0.001). Conclusion: SMD accompanied recurrent CME in only 57.7% of patients previously treated for CME and SMD and seems to be more frequent in patients with central RVO. Initial intravitreal treatment choice of either ranibizumab or dexamethasone implant did not affect the prevalence of concurrent SMD in patients with recurrent CME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High telomerase activity in human breast cancer is associated with aggressive tumors resulting in decreased survival. Recent studies have shown that telomerase inhibitors may display anticancer properties in some human cancer cell lines. In the present study, we examined the effects of 4 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), used for the treatment of HIV; Abacavir (AC), Lamivudine (LV), Stavudine (SV), and Tenofovir (TF) on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in the normal human mammary epithelial cell line, hTERT-HME1, and the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Cells were treated with AC, LV, SV, or TF alone or in combination with paclitaxel (PAC), a known drug used to treat breast cancer. Conduct of the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated that AC, SV, and TF had stronger cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells than in hTERT-HME1 cells. The combined treatment of RTIs and PAC caused high rates of cell death in MCF-7 and low rates of cell death in HTERT-HME1 by apoptosis. The percentages of apoptotic cells in the treatment of AC and SV in combination with PAC for 48 and 72 hours were higher than PAC. Significantly increased apoptosis and decreased migration levels were found in MCF-7 cells treated with AC and co-treatment of AC+PAC or SV+PAC than HME1 cells. These treatments can also prevent migration capacity more than PAC. Therefore, a combination strategy based on telomerase inhibitors such as AC or SV and anticancer drugs may be more effective in the treatment of certain breast cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the relationship between diabetes (DM) and nitrite, nitrate and MDA levels and effect of melatonin and pentoxifylline. Sixty mice were randomly divided into four groups. Control: no action; Diabetes group (DM): after fasting-blood-glucose (FBG) was measured, 150 mg/kg alloxane was applied intraperitoneally three-times every other day; Diabetes + Melatonin (DM + MLT) and Diabetes + Pentoxifylline groups (DM + PTX): following the same procedures with DM, 10 mg/kg melatonin and 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline were administered subcutaneously six days, respectively. Following FBG analysis, brain tissues were taken under the anaesthesia. Nitrite, nitrate and MDA levels were measured. In the all groups with alloxane, FBG were higher than in before application (p <.05). Also, FBG, nitrite, nitrate and MDA levels in the DM + MLT and DM + PTX groups were lower than in the DM (p <.05). Nitrite and nitrate may be related to etiopathogenesis of DM, and pentoxifylline and especially melatonin relatively decrease nitrite, nitrate and lipid peroxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deltamethrin (DEL) and thiacloprid (THIA) are commonly used synthetic insecticides in agriculture either separately or in combination. There is limited information in human cells for the effects of the mixture of DEL + THIA on oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the effects of the mixture on cell proliferation and oxidative stress in human lung fibroblast cells. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-expressing human lung fibroblasts, WTHBF-6 cells, were treated with 2.5 + 37.5, 5 + 75, 12.5 + 187.5, and 25 +375 µM concentrations of DEL + THIA for the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and 5 + 75, 12.5 + 187.5, and 25 + 375 µM for lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) assays for 24, 48, and 72 h in the absence and presence of metabolizing fractions of the mammalian liver (S9 mixture). Both the mixture of DEL + THIA and their metabolites significantly reduced cell viability and induced cytotoxicity in WTHBF-6 cells, especially at higher concentrations. The mixture of DEL + THIA significantly decreased GSH levels at the highest concentration for all treatment times and at the highest two concentrations (12.5 + 187.5 and 25 + 375 µM) for 72 h in the presence of S9 mixture. The highest concentration of DEL + THIA mixture caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level at 72 h in the absence of S9 mixture. There were also significant increases in MDA levels at the highest concentration for 48-h and all concentrations of DEL + THIA for 72-h treatment in WTHBF-6 cell cultures with S9. These data showed that the mixture of DEL + THIA and their metabolites can induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human lung fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the management of the pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus clinic when strict quarantine conditions were adopted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Turkey. Materials and Methods: The study presents a review of the patients examined during the quarantine period. All patients were assessed with the highest possible level of personal protection. Results: Ten patients (6 girls, 4 boys) with a mean age of 9 years (range: 2-16) were evaluated. The patients presented 3-20 days after symptom onset. Ocular misalignment and diplopia were the main symptoms. Four of the 10 patients were diagnosed with sixth cranial nerve palsy and three patients were diagnosed with acute-onset comitant esotropia. Six patients had significant cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings. Conclusion: Acute-onset neurological conditions are more common during the COVID-19 pandemic. These reports will contribute to global experience and understanding of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of genotype, age, stocking density, and cage tier on the feather score of egg-laying pure lines. The trial was carried out with five white (BLACK, BLUE, MARON, BROWN, and D229) and six brown (RIR1, RIR2, BAR1, BAR2, COL, and LINE54) eggshell lines as classified by the Ankara poultry research institute. In the experiment, 162 chicks were randomly selected from each of the 11 lines; thus, a total of 1782 chicks (810 and 972 white and brown layer pure lines, respectively). At 17 weeks of age, pullets were chosen at random and placed in 3- tiered battery-type cages. Each tier housed 99 chickens (11 lines, 3 different stocking densities, 3 replications). The stocking density was 5 birds, 6 birds, and 7 birds per cage cell that corresponded to 720 cm2, 600 cm2, and 514.28 cm2 of floor space per bird, respectively. Feeding was ad libitum during the growth and egg production periods. Feather scores of the head, neck, breast, back, wings, and tail regions of the chickens were taken at the 30th, 40th, 50th, and 60th week of age. The results indicated that age, stocking density, cage tiers, and genotypes have a significant effect on the feather score of the head, neck, breast, back, wings, and tail; feather score significantly decreased at an increasing age and stocking density (p < 0.01). It was observed that the feather score of the chickens on the top tier was significantly increased (p < 0.01). It was found that RIR2, BLACK, and COL pure lines had the best feather score. These findings suggest that chickens placed in top cage tiers with low stocking density (5 chickens/ cage cell) and RIR2, BLACK and COL pure line genotypes improve feather score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although cataract formation is known in hypoparathyroidism, lens clarity and its correlation with clinical parameters have not been investigated quantitatively before in patients with hypoparathyroidism. The aim of this study was to compare the crystalline lens clarity of patients with surgically induced hypoparathyroidism and healthy subjects. Materials and methods: Forty female patients with surgically induced hypoparathyroidism and 38 age-matched healthy female subjects were enrolled in this study. Scheimpflug corneal topography was performed to measure lens density (LD) and thickness (LT). Serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and disease duration were recorded. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between the hypoparathyroidism and control groups in the Pentacam densitometry zones 1–2–3, LT, and average and maximum LD (p > 0.05 for all). Nine blue-dot-like, two cortical, and two posterior subcapsular cataracts were detected in the hypoparathyroidism group. The frequency of total and blue-dot-like cataracts was significantly higher in the hypoparathyroidism group than in the control group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.002, respectively). In the hypoparathyroidism group, a significant correlation was observed between the maximum LD and the hypoparathyroidism duration (ß = 0.420, p = 0.017), and the maximum LD and serum PTH level (ß = −0.332, p = 0.049). Conclusion: The clarity of the crystalline lens may decrease in surgically induced hypoparathyroidism patients depending on the disease duration and PTH levels. Additionally, this study detected an increased frequency of blue-dot-like cataract in the patient group, which may be due to the effect of hypoparathyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purtscher-like retinopathy is a rare clinical entity that develops due to non-traumatic causes, in which ischemia secondary to micro-vascular alteration is implied in the pathogenesis. The paracentral acute middle maculopathy is one of the optical coherence tomography findings of acute retinal ischemia and indicates deep capillary plexus ischemia, which is characterized by a hyperreflective band in the middle retinal layers in the acute phase. Prominent middle limiting membrane sign, another optical coherence tomography finding of retinal ischemia, is observed as a hyperreflective line in the inner aspect of outer plexiform layer. Herein, we report a patient with the signs of Purtscherlike retinopathy secondary to systemic hypertension and discuss accompanying paracentral acute middle maculopathy and prominent middle limiting membrane findings. With this report, it was aimed to emphasize the novel findings of acute retinal ischemia that can be detected with clinical examination and imaging methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the factors affecting the trading volume of Borsa Istanbul within the framework of the overconfidence bias, one of the behavioral finance theories. For this purpose, stock market trading volume, BIST 100 index closing values, BIST 100 index historical volatility and credit default swaps (CDS) premium variables for the period covering the years 2010 – 2019 were used in the study. During the analysis process, firstly ADF, PP and KPSS unit root tests were performed and then Granger causality analysis was applied. The findings showed that the stock index and CDS premiums are the Granger cause of the trading volume, but volatility is not the Granger cause of the trading volume. The obtained findings were compared with the results in the literature and interpreted. It is interpreted that linking the earnings obtained with the increase in the stock market index to individual abilities, predictions and achievements may cause a tendency to overconfidence bias in investors. In addition, it is thought that this overconfidence may cause new transactions and thus an increase in the transaction volume. CDS premiums, on the other hand, give positive and negative signals about the future and are accepted as a risk indicator. It can be evaluated that investor who perceive risk as an opportunity and have a tendency to overconfidence bias will try to evaluate this situation with various positions and transactions and increase market trading volume. However, the fact that volatility is not the cause of trading volume can be explained by the perception that investors with high returns pay less attention to volatility and that their own forecasts are better than other investors' forecasting power. As a result, volatility is not effect the trading activity and investors focus on the value they have determined within the framework of overconfidence bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan films containing different amounts of pistachio hull methanol extract (PHE) (2 %, 4 %, 8 % w / v) were produced. LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated that tannic acid (207.74 mg/g PHE), gallic acid (46.63 mg/g PHE), protocatechuic acid (27.79 mg/g PHE), quinic acid (16.41 mg/g PHE), isoquercitrin (15.2 mg/g PHE) were the most abundant phenolic compounds in PHE. The biological activity test results indicated that PHE enhanced the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan films. Chitosan-based films with 8 % PHE showed significant antimicrobial activity on all microorganisms tested. Chitosan films containing even the lowest concentration of PHE effectively inhibited DPPH free radicals, indicating a significant antioxidant activity. The increase in the amount of PHE caused a decrease in the L* value and an increase in the a* and b* values. It was found that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the films containing PHE were higher than those of the control film. Chitosan film with 4 % PHE exhibited the highest values of tensile strength (10.72 ± 1.06 MPa) and elongation at break (198.57 ± 10.34 %). FTIR analysis showed that PHE modified the intermolecular interactions in the film matrix, leading to the expansion of the C C bond and an increase in the intensity of the C O bands. Thermal analysis displayed that chitosan films incorporating PHE exhibited higher thermal stability compared to control films. PHE can be used as a bioactive supportive material in food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clothianidin (CHN) is a broad-spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide. Limited studies have been carried out on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of both CHN using different genotoxicity tests in human cells with or without human metabolic activation system (S9 mix). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of CHN and its metabolites on human lymphocyte cultures with or without S9 mix using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. The cultures were treated with 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml of CHN in the presence (3 h treatment) and absence (48 h treatment) of S9 mix. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent control. CHN showed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects due to significant decreases in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI), and significant increases in the CAs, aberrant cells, and MN formation in the absence of S9 mix when compared with solvent control. However, CHN did not significantly induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in the presence of S9 mix. Our results indicated that CHN has cytotoxic, cytostatic, and genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, but not its metabolites under the experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Fixation preference testing is widely used to detect amblyopia, particularly in preverbal children. Pattern electroretinogram (pERG) is an electrophysiological test which is a sensitive indicator of macular function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fixation preference and macular function on pERG in children with strabismus. Materials and Methods: The study included 11 children with strabismus. All underwent ophthalmological examination including fixation preference by binocular fixation pattern test, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) assessment, and pERG. Results: The mean age of the patients was 10.09±1.18 years. All patients had unilateral fixation. The mean BCVA was 0.85±0.17 in preferred and 0.48±0.19 in non-preferred eyes (p=0.003). The mean p50 amplitude was 6.07±2.06 µV in preferred and 5.29±2.20 µV in non-preferred eyes (p=0.203), and the mean N95 amplitude was 8.27±2.86 µV and 8.03±3.24 µV respectively (p=0.594). BCVA was correlated with p50 and N95 amplitudes in the non-preferred eyes (p=0.023 and p=0.014). Interocular BCVA difference was correlated with interocular P50 amplitude difference (r=0.688, p=0.019). Conclusion: Although amblyopia is typically considered a cortical phenomenon, future larger studies are needed to investigate the relationship between fixation preference and macular electrophysiological function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital cataract is a challenging ophthalmological disorder which can cause severe visual loss. It can be diagnosed at birth or during the first year of life. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the visual prognosis. It can be associated with various ocular and systemic abnormalities. Determining whether congenital cataract is isolated or associated with other pathology is an indispensable step for the prediction of potential vision as well as early diagnosis and treatment of conditions that can cause morbidity or mortality. Many genes have been identified in the molecular etiology of congenital cataract. Most mutations have been reported in the crystallin genes. Determination of the genetic cause may not only enable individualized genetic counseling but also help to identify concomitant ocular and/or systemic disorders depending on the characteristics of the genetic test used. Recently, next-generation sequencing in particular has become an evolving technology for determining the molecular etiology of congenital cataract and furthering our knowledge of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot money flows refer to short-term foreign currencies entering the country's economies through short-term loans and portfolio investments. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of hot money flows in Turkey on stock exchange index, exchange rates and interest rates. For this purpose, BIST-100 Index closing values, US dollar exchange rates and five-year Treasury bond interest rates were considered to explain hot money data. The data are in an annual frequency and the analyses were made for the period between 1989 and 2019. The structural equation model was applied in the study. The model fit index values that helped to determine the success rate of the established model was examined before passing on to the analysis. According to the model fit index values, it was determined that the model was compatible with the data. It was found that hot money has a positive effect on the stock exchange index and a negative effect on interest rates and exchange rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 55-year-old woman with no known systemic disorder and without any history of ocular disease, trauma, and surgery presented with a nonremitting conjunctival redness on her left eye that was existing since her childhood. On ophthalmological examination, an extremely rare coexistence of isolated unilateral bulbar conjunctival telangiectasia and ipsilateral retinal vascular tortuosity without any systemic and neuroradiological association was detected. We aimed to demonstrate this rare vascular coexistence and discuss differential diagnosis of the underlying causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Acrolein caused dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. • Whey protein or conjugated linoleic acid significantly reduced acrolein-induced toxicity. • Co-treatment of Acrolein and whey protein negatively affected cardiac injury markers. • Treatment of whey protein together with acrolein adversely affected some cardiac injury markers. • Some weight loss supplements can cause cardiovascular problems. Abstract Acrolein is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Whey protein and conjugated linoleic acid are widely used weight-loss supplements. We aimed to evaluate blood lipid profiles, oxidative stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics function in hearts of rats treated with acrolein and/or the weight-loss supplements. The animals were orally gavaged with acrolein, whey protein, conjugated linoleic acid, acrolein + whey protein or acrolein + conjugated linoleic acid for six days per week during 30 days. Acrolein caused dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in red blood cells and haert mitochondria. Moreover, it caused dysfunction in mitochondrial bioenergetics by decreasing levels of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and ATP. Co-treatment with acrolein + whey protein and acrolein + conjugated linoleic acid ameliorated acrolein-induced oxidative stress and dysfunction in mitochondrial bioenergetics. This amelioration effect was more prominent in acrolein + conjugated linoleic acid group. Interestingly, co-treatment with acrolein + whey protein negatively affected some markers of cardiac injury such as creatinine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and homocysteine. Conjugated linoleic acid may also cause dyslipidemia because it increased the levels of triacylglycerol, low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins. In conclusion, using some weight loss supplements such as whey protein may adversely affect the biochemical parameters related to cardiovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flupyradifurone (FPD), a member of the new class of butenolide insecticides, acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Studies on genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of FPD are very limited. This is the first study to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of FPD and its metabolites on human lymphocyte cultures with or without a metabolic activation system (S9 mix) using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. The cultures were treated with 85, 170, and 340 µg/ml of FPD in the presence (3 h treatment) and absence (48 h treatment) of S9 mix. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent control. Statistically significant decreases were detected at the medium and highest concentrations for 48 h treatments while decreases in mitotic index (MI) in the presence of the S9 mix were found statistically significant at all FPD concentrations tested when compared with the solvent control. FPD also decreased the nuclear division index (NDI) at the highest concentration (340 µg/ml) in the absence of S9 mix. When compared with the solvent control, increases in CA frequencies were significant at the medium and highest concentrations. Significantly increased MN frequency was only found at the highest FPD concentration in cultures without S9 mix compared with the solvent control while increases in the MN frequencies in the presence of S9 mix were statistically significant at all FPD concentrations. The results of the present study indicate that FPD and its metabolites can show cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. More genotoxicity studies are necessary to make a possible risk assessment in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrolein (AC), a highly reactive hazardous pollutant, poses serious threats to human health. Whey protein (WP) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have beneficial health implications. We investigated the protective effects of WP and CLA against AC-induced toxicity in rats. The animals were orally gavaged with CLA (200 mg/kg/day), WP (200 mg/kg/day), AC (5 mg/kg/day), CLA + AC (200 + 5 mg/kg/day), and WP + AC (200 + 5 mg/kg/day) six days per week for 30 days. The oral administration of AC significantly induced oxidative stress by increasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PCOs) levels and decreasing glutathione (GSH) level in the spleen, thymus, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). It also increased the frequencies of micronucleus (MN) and megakaryocytic emperipolesis (ME) and decreased the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) in bone marrow. Slight alterations in urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were not significant. Co-treatment with CLA + AC or WP + AC ameliorated the values of oxidative stress, MN, PCE, and ME. These data suggest that CLA and WP can improve the antioxidant defenses and preclude the formation of genetic damage and ME. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Capsaicin (CAP) and alpha-tocopherol (TOC) have antioxidant properties. We investigated effects of CAP and TOC on mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics in liver of mice fed HFD. AST, ALT, glucose, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index ((HOMA-IR)) and mitochondrial oxidative stress parameters increased, whereas oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymes, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes, ATP level and mitochondrial metabolic function (MTT) decreased in mice fed a HFD compared to the fed a standard diet (NC). Treatment of HFD together with CAP (HFC group), TOC (HFT group) or TOC and CAP (HCT group) can ameliorate the examined parameters. Because co-treatment with CAP and TOC displayed a better ameliorating effect on liver redox status and mitochondrial bioenergetics functions, they can be useful to protect against HFD and oxidative stress-related in liver diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patients with fovea plana have greater central foveal thickness accompanying with an extreme decrease or absence of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). We present a case of bilateral idiopathic isolated fovea plana who has been diagnosed during routine ophthalmic examination. We herein report the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) findings of the patient and discuss the association between the absence of the foveal pit on OCT and persistence of both superficial and deep capillary plexi at foveal center in OCTA; and aim to discuss the role of foveal pit and FAZ on visual acuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylamide (AA), a well-known toxicant, is present in high-temperature-processed foods in heated foods. Argan oil (AO), a natural vegetable oil, is receiving increasing attention due to its powerful biological properties. However, limited information is available about its effects in lymphoid organs and bone marrow. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of AO on hematological parameters, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), protein carbonyl (PCO), glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, the formation of micronucleus (MN) and megakaryocytic emperipolesis (ME) against AA-induced toxicity in rats. The animals were treated with AA (50 mg/kg/day), AO (6 ml/kg/day per day) and AA + AO (50 mg + 6 ml/kg/day) for 30 days. Treatment of rats with AA significantly decreased the hematological parameters, GSH and MPO activity and PCEs ratio while it increased TBARs, PCOs and 8-OHdG levels and formation of MN and ME. No significant differences were observed in the animals received the AO alone. Co-treatment with AA + AO ameliorated almost all of the alterations caused by AA and exhibited protective effect in rats. Based on the obtained results, we suggest that integration of AO in diet or using its supplements may be a good strategy for improving tissue injury in many diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been stated that some antipsychotic drugs might cause genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Ziprasidone (ZIP) is commonly used an antipsychotic drug. However, its genotoxicity and carcinogenicity data are very limited. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ZIP on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examinedin vitroby sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests in this study. Lymphocyte cultures were treated with 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml of ZIP in the presence and absence of a metabolic activator (S9 mix). Dimethylsulfoxide was used as a solvent control. While the cells were treated with ZIP for 24 h and 48 h in cultures without S9 mix, the cultures with S9 mix were exposed to ZIP for 3 h. ZIP and its metabolites can exert cytotoxic activities due to significant decreases in mitotic index, proliferation index and nuclear division index in the presence and absence of S9 mix. Statistically significant increases in CAs, aberrant cells and MN values in the presence and absence of S9 mix were found in cultures treated with ZIP. While ZIP significantly increased the SCE values in the absence of S9 mix at all concentrations, increased SCE values in cultures with S9 mix were not found to significantly at all concentrations tested. Our results indicated that both ZIP and its metabolites have cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic potential on lymphocyte cultures under the experimental conditions. Further studies are necessary to make a possible risk assessment in patients receiving therapy with this drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The color additive, tartrazine (TRZ), is widely used in food products, drugs and cosmetics. Genotoxicity of TRZ and its metabolites has not been investigated in detail in the presence and absence of a metabolic activator (S9 mix) in human. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TRZ and its metabolites on cultured human lymphocytes by using chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Cultures were treated with 625, 1250 and 2500 μg/ml of TRZ in the presence and absence of S9 mix. TRZ showed cytotoxic activity at the highest concentration due to significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) in the absence of S9 mix when compared with solvent control. TRZ and metabolites significantly increased the CAs and aberrant cells in the presence and absence of S9 mix at the higher concentrations. Increased MN values in cultures with and without S9 mix were found to significantly at the highest concentration when tested. Our results indicated that while both TRZ and its metabolites have genotoxic potential on human lymphocyte cultures with and without S9 mix, TRZ can induce cytotoxicity at the highest concentration in culture without S9 mix under the experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Ofloxacin (OFX), a second-generation of quinolones, is a broad-spectrum flouroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. In this article, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of OFX in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of OFX on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examinedin vitroby sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Cultures were treated with 30, 60 and 120 μg/ml of OFX for 48 h. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent control. OFX decreased the mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) significantly, especially at higher concentrations (60 and 120 μg/ml) compared with solvent control. OFX significantly induced CAs at all concentrations and SCEs at higher concentrations (60 and 120 μg/ml) compared with solvent control. In conclusion, our results indicated that OFX has cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic potential especially at higher concentrations on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures under the experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There has been considerable debate about the relationship between epilepsy and cancer. Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is used for treating certain types of seizures in patients with epilepsy. There have been no detailed investigations about genotoxicity of OXC and its metabolites. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of OXC and its metabolites on cultured human lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of OXC on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examinedin vitroby sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Cultures were treated with 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml of OXC in the presence (3 h treatment) and absence (24 h and 48 h treatment) of a metabolic activator (S9 mix). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent control. OXC showed cytotoxic activities due to significant decreases in mitotic index (MI), proliferation index (PI) and nuclear division index (NDI) in the absence of S9 mix when compared with solvent control. Metabolites of OXC also significantly reduced MI and PI in cultures with S9 mix. OXC significantly increased the CAs, aberrant cells, SCE and MN values in the presence and absence of S9 mix. Our results indicated that both OXC and its metabolites have cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures under the experimental conditions. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the relationship between cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic effects, and to make a possible risk assessment in patients receiving therapy with this drug. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: As life expectancy is continuously increasing, health issues, such as strabismus that has a functional and psychosocial impact on the quality of life, have gained more importance and require a solution. In the present study, we aimed to describe and determine the strabismus etiology and clinical features in patients aged =65 years who were examined in a strabismus clinic. Materials and Method: We retrospectively examined the data of patients aged =65 years who were admitted to the strabismus clinic between July 2018 and July 2019. The findings of the ophthalmological and orthoptic examination as well as the strabismus etiology, intervention required, and chief complaints were all recorded. Results: We extracted the medical records of 40 patients (16 female and 24 male) aged =65 years who were examined in the strabismus clinic. The chief complaint was diplopia in 30 (75%) patients, followed by ocular deviation in 10 (25%) patients. The deviation was horizontal in 26 (65%) patients. The most common etiology was thyroid eye disease (6 patients; 15%), followed by diabetes (5 patients, 12.5%), hypertension (5 patients, 12.5%), trauma (3 patients, 7.5%), cerebrovascular event (3 patients, 7.5%), intracranial mass (3 patients, 7.5%), and secondary deviation (3 patients, 7.5%). Moreover, 11 (27.5%) patients underwent surgery, whereas 17 (42.5%) patients received nonsurgical treatment; 14 (35%) patients did not re-visit the strabismus clinic. Conclusion: Strabismus can be seen in elderly individuals. The underlying etiology, such as trauma and cerebrovascular events, may be life threatening and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanophthalmos is an uncommon developmental ocular disorder characterized by small eye. Various retinal findings including pigmentary retinopathy, crowded optic disc, bull's eye maculopathy, uveal effusion, serous retinal detachment and retinal macrocyst can be scan in patients with nanophthalmos. In this case report, we present a 72 years old patient diagnosed with bilateral retinal macrocyst and discuss clinical findings of nanophthalmos and differential diagnosis of retinal macrocysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Thyroglobulin is used as a spesific marker for thyroid follicule. But the most important problem in Tg assays and in its clinical evaluation of interfere that caused by endogenous Tg antibodies (TgAb). It is known that TgAbs with high concentrations interfere with serum Tg assay. In this study it was aimed to explore the interference in Tg assays of adding serum with low concentration of TgAb and serum of patients with otoimmune thyroiditis with negative TgAb into Tg standarts. Materials and Methods For this purpose samples taken from serum pools with high and low TgAb concentration are added into Tg standarts and using 1/2, 1/10 and 1/20 dilutions 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 IU/ml TgAb samples were prapared. The same dilution was done for TgAb negative serum pools and the recoveries were estimated by doing Tg assays on the samples. Results While the recover results were variable from 21 % to 56 % in TgAb positive samples, in TgAb negative samples they varied it was from 88 % to 96 %. Conclusion It can be said from the results of this study that even low titers, of TgAb TgAb existence interferes Tg assays to a great extend and that the dilution rate would not change this effect. And also it can be said that otoimmun antibodies other than TgAb don't cause interferance in Tg assays or that they can have very little effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Agmatine is a cationic amine resulting from the decarboxylation of l-arginine. Agmatine has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, and anti-depressant properties. In this study, plasma agmatine, arginine decarboxylase, and agmatinase levels were measured during manic episode and remission period in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers and 30 patients who meet Bipolar Disorder Manic Episode diagnostic criteria were included in the study. Additionally, the changes in the patient group between manic episode and remission period were examined. We evaluated the relationship between levels of l-arginine and arginine decarboxylase in the agmatine synthesis pathway, and level of agmatinase that degrades agmatine. Results: Levels of agmatine and l-arginine were significantly increased than control group during manic episode (p <.01). All parameters were increased during manic episode compared to remission period (p <.05). Agmatinase was significantly decreased both during manic episode (p <.01) and remission period (p <.05) in comparison to the control group. Arginine decarboxylase levels did not show a significant difference between the groups (p >.05). Conclusions: This study indicate that there may be a relationship between bipolar disorder and agmatine and its metabolic pathway. Nonetheless, we believe more comprehensive studies are needed in order to reveal the role of agmatine in etiology of bipolar disorder. Agmantine, agmatinase, l-arginine and arginine decarboxylase levels in BD have not been explored before. Various neuro-chemical mechanisms act to increase agmatine in BD; however, agmatine could have elevated to compensate agmatine deficit prior to the manifestation of the disease as in schizophrenia. Elevated agmatine degradation resulting from excess expression of agmatinase which is suggested to be effective in pathogenesis of mood disorders was compensated by this way. Elevated agmatine may be one of the causes which play a role in mania development. Elevated agmatine levels are also suggested to trigger psychosis and be related with the etiology of manic episode and lead to BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the in vivo effects of intravitreal injection of aflibercept on human corneal endothelial cells in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods and Materials: Thirty-four eyes of 34 consecutive patients with unilateral neovascular AMD (19 male, 15 female; mean age 66.4±3.4 years) were recruited for the study. All participants received one monthly intravitreal injection of aflibercept (2.0 mg, 0.05 ml) for three consecutive months, and later treatments were applied as needed. The follow-up period was six months. Noncontact specular microscopy was performed on the central cornea of both eyes at the beginning and during follow-up, including the central corneal thickness (CCT), the endothelial cell density (ECD), the coefficient of variation of the cell size (CoV), an objective measure of polymegathism, and the percentage of the hexagonal cells (Hex%), an index of pleomorphism. The nontreated fellow eyes of patients served as the control group. Results: The median number of intravitreal injections per patient was 4 (range, 3-6). The median pre-injection CCT, ECD, CoV, and Hex% was 534.0μm, 2266.0 cells/mm2, 34.5 and 46.0%, respectively. None of these parameters revealed statistically significant difference over six months after intravitreal injection of aflibercept in either treated and nontreated eyes. There was also no difference in CCT, ECD, CoV, and Hex% between the treated eyes and contralateral nontreated eyes before and during 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Repeated intravitreal injections of 2.0 mg aflibercept do not cause any harmful effect on the corneal endothelium evaluated by specular microscopy in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The physiology and performance of individuals in a bee colony are directly related to the quality of nutrients available in the colony. A diet enriched with high-quality protein increases the immunity of the colony and the individual bees. In this study, we examined the effect of diets with different protein sources on dietary consumption, vitellogenin (Vg), abdominal lipid content, and hypopharyngeal gland development in adult worker bees. Our results indicate that the use of certain protein sources in bee diets can improve the parameters investigated. Honey bees play an important role in the pollination of flowering plants. When honey bee colonies are deficient in pollen, one of their main nutrients, protein supplements are required. In this study, the effects of diets with six different protein sources on the physiological characteristics of worker bees (vitellogenin (Vg), abdominal lipid content (ALC), hypopharyngeal gland (HPG)) and consumption were investigated. The protein sources of the diets (diet I, ..., diet VI) included pollen, spirulina dust (Arthrospira platensis Gomont), fresh egg yolk, lyophilized lactose-free skimmed milk powder, active fresh yeast, and ApiProtein. It was identified that consumption by worker bees was highest in the diet group supplemented with spirulina (diet II). Although there was no statistical difference regarding the Vg content in the hemolymph, numerically, the highest content was found in diet group IV (lyophilized lactose-free skimmed milk powder) (4.73 ± 0.03 ng/mL). ALC and HPG were highest in the group fed diet II. These results suggest that offering honey bees diets with certain protein sources can support their physiological traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fovea plana is a congenital condition characterized by anatomic absence of the foveal pit. It may be isolated or associated with congenital ocular anomalies. In this report, we present a case of fovea plana associated with situs inversus of the optic disc, optic disc hypoplasia, tilted optic disc, and prepapillary vascular loop and with best corrected visual acuity of 20/32. The aim of this report is to demonstrate the coexistence of very rare multiple optic disc anomalies and fovea plana, and also to emphasize that the use of multimodal imaging methods facilitates the identification of rare anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHC) is a rare degenerative disorder of peripheral retina simulating choroidal melanoma and usually characterized by hemorrhages and exudation. It is predominantly the disease of elderly hypertensive women and usually regress spontaneously with a resultant fibrotic scar. Treatment is necessary if the disease is extending or involving the fovea. We hereby report a patient with PEHC involving the fovea, demonstrate two-year clinical course following intravitreal aflibercept injection and discuss treatment alternatives of this rare entity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a disorder usually characterized with neurosensorial retinal detachment. Glucocorticoids have critical importance in the pathogenesis of the disease. CSCR with bilateral simultaneous involvement and prominent serous retinal detachment can be observed following prolonged and high-dose corticosteroid treatment. New-onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and CSCR may be presented with similar clinical manifestations. Differential diagnosis of these disorders have great clinical importance in order to avoid severe vision loss. We hereby report a patient with bilateral CSCR who has been admitted to our clinic with a preliminary diagnosis of VKH disease and discuss differential diagnosis of these entities based on clinical findings and imaging modalities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stored blood for use in diseases such as acute blood loss, injury and anemia can be maintained for about a month. It was reported that some negative changes called "storage lesions" occur in stored bloods time dependently. In order to delay these changes, preservatives are added to stored bloods. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of resveratrol and serotonin on oxidative DNA and mitochondrial damage and lipid peroxidation in stored blood. Blood was taken from 10 volunteers to different blood bags and each blood was separated into 3 groups (control, resveratrol and serotonin groups). Malondialdehyde (MDA), ubiquinone-10 (CoQ10) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine/106deoxyguanosine (8- OHdG/106dG) levels were determined at baseline and on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after addition of resveratrol and serotonin. MDA, CoQ10 and 8-OHdG/106dG levels increased over time in the control and serotonin groups (p<0.05). However, resveratrol protected against the time-dependent increase in MDA and CoQ10 values (p>0.05). MDA and CoQ10 levels were significantly lower in the resveratrol-treated group on the 21st and 28th days compared with the other groups (p<0.05). These results show that oxidation sensitivity increased time dependently in stored blood. However, the addition of resveratrol allowed the extension of the blood's shelf life by protecting against increased lipid peroxidation and oxidized CoQ10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease are among the deadly disorders affecting the elderly population. Unfortunately, effective treatments and medications are still needed to combat these diseases. The ethanol extracts of the raw peeled acorns and acorn coffees from Quercus coccifera prepared by two different methods (boiled-roasted ground and roasted ground) were tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (TYR), the enzymes associated with neurodegeneration. The acorns used in the present study were harvested from wild Quercus coccifera L. trees in Kilis Province, located in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey in November 2016. Cholinesterase (ChE) and TYR inhibitory activity of the ethanol extracts prepared from raw material and two coffee samples were screened using an ELISA microtiter assay at 2 mg/mL stock concentration. Antioxidant effects of the extracts were also tested for their scavenging activity against DPPH, while total phenol and flavonoid quantities of the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Our results indicated that all of the extracts had notable AChE and BChE inhibition, while they were inactive against TYR. The most active extract against ChEs was prepared from the raw material, which led to 65.94 ± 3.59% and 85.04 ± 3.83% inhibition against AChE and BChE, respectively. Our data indicate that the fruit extract from Quercus coccifera is a source of promising ChE inhibitors and deserves future study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrolein (AC) is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants, often associated with incomplete combustion of petrol, wood, and plastic, oil frying, and tobacco smoking, that causes oxidative damage to DNA and mitochondria. Considering that little is known about the protective effects of whey protein (WP) against AC-induced liver toxicity, the aim of our study was to learn more about them in respect to liver mitochondrial oxidative stress, respiratory enzymes, Krebs cycle enzymes, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). To do that, we treated Sprague Dawley rats with daily doses of AC alone (5 mg/kg bw in 0.9 % NaCl solution), WP alone (200 mg/kg bw, in 0.9 % NaCl solution), or their combination by oral gavage for six days a week over 30 days. As expected, the AC group showed a drop in glutathione levels and antioxidant, transport chain, and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme activities and a significant rise in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels. Co-treatment with WP mitigated oxidative stress and improved enzyme activities. Judging by the measured parameters, WP reduced AC toxicity by improving bioenergetic mechanisms and eliminating oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deltamethrin (DEL) and thiacloprid (THIA) are the two commonly used synthetic insecticides applied either separately or as a mixture. The aim of this study was to assess thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the serum levels of thyroid hormones exposure to these compounds in rats. The animals were orally gavaged with a single dose of DEL (15 mg/kg), THIA (112.5 mg/kg) or DEL + THIA (15 + 112.5 mg/kg) for 24 h (acute treatments) or DEL (3 mg/kg per day), THIA (22.5 mg/kg per day) or DEL + THIA (3 + 22.5 mg/kg per day) for 30 days (subacute treatments). Although all independent and combined treatments with DEL and THIA changed the levels of TSH, these alterations were not significant. Statistically significant increases in free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) serum hormone levels were observed in the independent treatment with THIA and the combined treatment with DEL and THIA for 30 days. The results of this study suggest that in vivo exposure to subacute treatments of commercial formulations of THI and mixture of DEL + THIA increased serum FT3 and FT4 levels in rats. Further studies are required to determine the effects of endocrine disruptors and potential health risks of these insecticides in human, especially in children because of the importance of these hormones during growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper aims to explore frequency behavior of isotropic (regular SIFT) and anisotropic (Bi-SIFT and Tri-SIFT) versions of the scale-space keypoint detection algorithm SIFT. We introduced a new smoothing function Trilateral filter that can be used in formation of a scale-space as an alternative to the Gaussian scale-space. The number of matching pixels, warping error, and scatteredness are employed in comparison. We made the comparison out of face dataset and object dataset for scale, orientation, and view-angle transformations as well as lighting and compression variations. The comparison results show that anisotropic smoothing detects more keypoints than isotropic one. The Tri-SIFT is more robust to variation in viewpoint angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is an X-linked hereditary retinal dystrophy characterized by splitting of the neurosensory retina. On fundus examination, the macula often has a spoke wheel appearance with foveal cystic lesions, and separation of the retinal layers is typical on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Patients with XLRS can exhibit different clinical courses, stages, and SD-OCT findings, even among members of the same family. SD-OCT is an important imaging method that allows us to achieve more detailed information about XLRS. In this study, we report three patients in the same family who have different clinical features and SD-OCT findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present case report is to describe and discuss important ocular findings in Noonan syndrome. Detailed ophthalmological examination of two patients with Noonan syndrome was performed. Ocular findings were discussed in detail. The leading ocular findings in the first case were; astigmatism, amblyopia and high cup/disc ratio whereas in the second case colobomatous changes of the optic nerve head and myelinated nerve fibers were prominent. Noonan syndrome is among the neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes also called ''RASopathies''. Ocular findings in this syndrome may be special and particularly optic nerve head changes may necessitate further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of hereditary and / or acquired thrombophilic factors may gain importance in bilateral retinal vein occlusion in young patients. In this case series, three patients with bilateral simultaneous BRVO due to hyperhomocysteinemia secondary to C677T polymorphism in the metilenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme are presented. All three cases were young and presented with unilateral sudden vision loss. Bilateral detailed fundus examination is important for the detection of asymptomatic retinal vein occlusion in the other eyes of young retinal vein occlusion patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: One of the most important issues regarding radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) is their effect on genetic material. Therefore, we investigated the cytogenotoxic effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) and the effect of a recovery period after exposure to RF-EMF on bone marrow cells of immature and mature rats. Materials and methods: The immature and mature rats in treatment groups were exposed to RF-EMF for 2 h/day for 45 days. Average electrical field values for immature and mature rats were 28.1 ± 4.8 V/m and 20.0 ± 3.2 V/m, respectively. Whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) values for immature and mature rats were in the range of 0.38-0.78 W/kg, and 0.31-0.52 W/kg during the 45 days, respectively. Two recovery groups were kept for 15 days after RF-EMF exposure. Results: Significant differences were observed in chromosome aberrations (CA), micronucleus (MN) frequency, mitotic index (MI) and ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in all treatment and recovery groups. The cytogenotoxic damage in immature rats was statistically higher than the mature rats. The recovery period did not reduce the damage to the same extent as the corresponding control groups. Conclusions: The exposure of RF-EMF leads to cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in immature and mature rats. More sensitive studies are required to elucidate the possible carcinogenic risk of EMF exposure in humans, especially children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]