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Objective To explore the influential factors of pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in Kunming district. Methods A total of 300 patients with COPD were selected from 5 tertiary hospitals in Kunming district as subjects investigated. The subjects were investigated by self-designed questionnaire， and then the influential factors of patients with COPD were analyzed. Results By linear correlation analysis, there were positive correlation between each of degree of education, economic income , the number of quitting smoking and percentage of the forced expiratory volume in one second divided by the predicted value （ FEV1% pre） （r values respectively were 0.318， 0.309， 0.113，P values respectively were 0.000， 0.000， 0.05）， there were negative correlation between smoking index， tobacco dependence score and FEV1%pre （r values respectively were -0.202，-0.323，P values respectively were 0.000，0.000） . By multiple linear regression analysis，FEV1% pre=34.792-1.765 x tobacco dependence score+2.558xdegree of education+2. 587×economic income， in the nine influential factors （gender，age，body mass index， degree of education， economic income，smoking index，whether to give up smoking，number of quitting smoking， tobacco dependence score）， the tobacco dependence score was the main factor affecting FEV1% pre. Conclusions The higher the degree of education，economic income of the patients with COPD have，the longer number of years of the patients with COPD quit smoking，the lower smoking index and tobacco dependence score tobacco dependence score have， the higher the FEV1%pre of the patients with COPD have. The tobacco dependence score is the main factor affecting FEV1%pre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the value of large dose of ambroxol hydrochloride in treating patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD）. Methods Sixty hospitalized patients with moderate-to-severe AECOPD were dived into treatment group and control group at random. The control group was given routine therapy which contained anti-inflammatory, oxygen therapy, antiasthmatic therapy and so on. The treatment group was given ambroxol hydrochloride intravenous drip therapy on basis of the routine therapy. The malonaldehyde （MDA）, glutathione reductase （GSH）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, FEV1% pre, dyspnea score and so on were measured before and ten days, twenty days after treatment in two groups. The outcomes of two groups were compared. Results In the treatment group, the content of MDA of treatment after treatment ten days and twenty days was lower, the content of GSH and SOD were higher than before treatment; the content of MDA of after treatment twenty days was decreased, the content of GSH and SOD were higher than after treatment ten days, the difference had statistical significance （＜0.05）. In the treatment group, the FEV1 % pre of after treatment ten days and twenty days were higher than before treatment, the FEV1 % pre of after treatment twenty days were higher than after treatment ten days, the difference had statistical significance （＜0.05）. In the treatment group, the dyspnea score of after treatment ten days and twenty days was decreased than before treatment, the dyspnea score of after treatment twenty days was decreased than after treatment ten days, the difference had statistical significance （＜0.05）. The difference of MDA, GSH, SOD, FEV1% pre between after treatment ten days and before treatment, between after treatment twenty days and before treatment, between after treatment ten days and twenty days, and the difference of dyspnea score between after treatment ten days and twenty days in the treatment group and control group all had statistical significance （＜0.05）.Hospitalized days of the treatment group was （1.13±1.94） days, that of the control group was （13.50± 2.06） days, the average hospitalized days of the treatment group was shorter than the control group, the difference was statistically significance （＜0.05）. In treatment group, only two patients had mild gastrointestinal reaction which was relieved after treatment. Conclusion Large dose of ambroxol hydrochloride can increase antioxidative ability, reduce oxidative stress degree of patients with AECOPD, meanwhile can improve patients′ pulmonary function and shorten hospitalized days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effects of transplantation of mesenehymal stem cells (MSCs) on pathological changes of rats with pulmonary emphysema and changes in levels of inflammatory factors in the serum and lung tissues. Methods Twenty-four female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, emphysema group and trans-plantation group, 8 per group. Rat models of emphysema were established by fumigation in the emphysema group and trans-plantation group. Rats in the control group were fed routinely. MSCs were injected into recipient rats of transplantation group. Eight weeks after transplantation of MSCs, lung fissure sections were made to study the morphological alterations, mean alveolar numbers (MAN) and mean linear intercept (MLI) were calculated. The inflammatory factors in the serum and lung tissues were analyzed by using protein chip technique and differently expressed inflammatory factors were screened. Results In the transplantation group, 8 weeks after transplantation, MSCs can be observed in the lung tissues. Emphysematous changes of lung tissues were observed in both emphysema group and transplantation group. Emphysematous changes in transplantation group were more serious than that of the emphysema group. Significant difference was found in MLI and MAN of lung tissues in the transplantation group as compared with that of the other two groups (all P<0.05). The differently expressed inflammatory factors were ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), nerve growth factor (NGF), IL-10, activin A, chemokine CX3 and leptin in the lung tissues between the emphysema group and control group;and the differently expressed inflammatory factors were CNTF, IL-10 and TNF-α in the lung tissues between the transplantation group and emphysema group. The levels of CNTF in the lung tissues were statistically different among these three groups (all P<0.05). The differently expressed inflammatory factors in the serum were CNTF, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 between the emphysema group and control group; and the differently expressed inflammatory factors in the serum were IL-1β, IFN-γand IL-10 between the transplantation group and the emphysema group.The levels of IL-1β were statistically different among these three groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions MSCs transplantation can effectively alleviates the pathological changes of pulmonary emphysema in rat models, whose mechanism may be involved in down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze clinically the pathologiccharacteristics of patients complicated with hemorrhage by means of bronchoscopy, and to summarize the preventive and curative measures. Methods The clinical data of 2079 patients undergoing bronchoscopic examination were collected in Department Two of Respiratory Medicineo of the First People's Hospital of Kunming from January 2001 to July 2012, and the characteristics of patients complicated with hemorrhage were explored. Results Of all the cases fifty-one(2.45%) were complicated with hemorrhage, thirty-one(1.49%) with small amout of hemorrhage, fourteen(0.67%) with moderate hemorrhage and six(0.29%) with hemorrhea. There was no death case. The main primary disease complicated with hemorrhage was lung cancer. Hemorrhage was mainly caused by the endobronchial lesions of brush, biopsy, and transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB) . Conclusion The incidence and mortality of hemorrhage during the operation can be reduced via strict mastery of the operative indication and contraindication, the fully understanding of the patients’ disorders, consummate preparation and skill and definitive medical aid in case of hemorrhages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetive To investigate a method of collecting lung cancer cells with bronchofibroscopic biopsy for primary culture and to improve the success rate of primary culture. Methods Thirty lung cancer specimens were obtained through bronchoscopic biopsy for primary culture. The correlation of cancer morphology under bronchofibroscopy and success rate of primary culture was analyzed. Results Among the lung cancer specimens obtained through bronchoscopic biopsy， primary culture was successful in 17 of 30 cases （56.67%） . The success rate of cauliflower-like tumor mass under bronchofibroscopy was 84.62% （11/13） . The success rate of infiltrating tumor mass under bronchial mucosa with luminal stenosis with or without cristate were 66.67% （2/3） and 37.5% （3/8）， respectively. The primary culture of a globular and stiff tumor mass was successful only 1 in 6 cases （16.67%） ．Conclusions The primary culture of lung cancer cells obtained from bronchofibroscopic biopsy is simple and effective with a total success rate of 56.67%. Furthermore， the success rate of primary culture is significantly correlated with the cancer morphology under bronchofibroscopy. Objetive To investigate a method of collecting lung cancer cells with bronchofibroscopic biopsy for primary culture and to improve the success rate of primary culture. Methods Thirty lung cancer specimens were obtained through bronchoscopic biopsy for primary culture. The correlation of cancer morphology under bronchofibroscopy and success rate of primary culture was analyzed. Results Among the lung cancer specimens obtained through bronchoscopic biopsy， primary culture was successful in 17 of 30 cases （56.67%） . The success rate of cauliflower-like tumor mass under bronchofibroscopy was 84.62% （11/13） . The success rate of infiltrating tumor mass under bronchial mucosa with luminal stenosis with or without cristate were 66.67% （2/3） and 37.5% （3/8）， respectively. The primary culture of a globular and stiff tumor mass was successful only 1 in 6 cases （16.67%） ．Conclusions The primary culture of lung cancer cells obtained from bronchofibroscopic biopsy is simple and effective with a total success rate of 56.67%. Furthermore， the success rate of primary culture is significantly correlated with the cancer morphology under bronchofibroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the repair effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on pulmonary vascular endothelial injury in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) -obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) overlap syndrome and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods BMSCs were isolated from femur and tibial bone marrow of SPF-grade female SD rats, and then were cultured and identified. Sixteen female SD rats with SPF grade were selected to prepare the RAT models of COPD-OSA overlap syndrome by smoking combined with intermittent hypoxia. The rats were randomly divided into the observation group and control group, with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the observation group were injected with 2 × 106 BMSCs per time, once a week, for 4 times in total, and the rats in the control group were injected with normal saline of the same volume. One week after treatment, the rats in the two groups were sacrificed, the lung tissues were taken for paraffin section for HE staining and MASSON staining to observe the pathological changes of the lung tissues and pulmonary arteriole, and the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in the lung tissues was observed by the triple qualitative method of DAPI-CD34-TUNEL,the expression levels of endothelin 1 (ET-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e NOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1) were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, the pathological changes of the lung tissues in the observation group were milder, such as emphysema, interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, neutrophil infiltration, bronchial wall lymphocyte hyperplasia, bronchiolar wall smooth muscle hyperplasia and goblet cell hyperplasia; the changes of pulmonary arterioles myosization, outer membrane collagen fiber deposition, abnormal vascular wall structure, perivascular inflammation, and pulmonary interstitial thickening were relatively mild. The apoptosis rates of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells in the observation group and the control group were 2. 3552% ± 0. 3923% and 1. 3339% ± 0. 1553%,respectively,with statistically significant difference (both P ＜ 0. 01). The content of ET-1 and VEGF in lung tissue homogenization of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the content of e NOS was higher than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference (all P ＜ 0. 05); the SDF-1α content in lung tissue homogenization in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, but no statistically significant difference was found between these two groups (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions BMSCs can improve the vascular endothelial injury and dysfunction in pulmonary tissues of rats with COPD-OSA overlap syndrome, reduce the apoptosis of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and improve the remodeling of pulmonary tissues and small pulmonary vessels to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]