Search

In order to reasonably evaluate, screen, and optimize the exterior design schemes of suspended monorail train with regional cultural characteristics, an optimization method for exterior design of suspended monorail train based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was proposed. Firstly, the characteristics and trends of the exterior design of suspended monorail trains both domestically and internationally were analyzed, and an evaluation index system which focusing on cultural factors for the exterior design of suspended monorail train was constructed. Then, estimate matrix based on experts scores and gained weights of each individual index by calculation was established. Finally, taking the design case of a suspended monorail train with regional cultural characteristics of Guangzhou as an example, the integration of typical regional culture and design idea, as well as the evaluation and optimization of design schemes were explained. The results show that the method can be used to screen and obtain suspension monorail train design schemes with high comprehensive satisfaction in terms of exterior form, painting, and cultural relevance. It can quantitatively evaluate design schemes from multiple dimensions and provide a basis and direction for the screening and iterative optimization of design schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Research on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes often uses proteomics to analyze their roles in tissue repair, but comparative proteomic analyses between the two are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To analyze adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes using proteomic analysis. METHODS: Rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, cultured, and identified. Exosomes were then extracted from cell supernatant and identified. Differentially expressed proteins of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes were analyzed using DIA proteomics. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed on these differentially expressed proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells displayed a mainly spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like morphology. (2) The exosome suspension protein concentration was 7.66 mg/mL, as determined by the BCA method. (3) Exosomes exhibited a characteristic teacup shape with a visible double-layer membrane vesicle structure. The center presented a low electron density component. The exosomes showed a peak particle size distribution of 112.2 nm, a concentration of 7.5×1011 particles/mL, and an average diameter ranging from 70 to 140 nm. (4) Exosomes expressed high levels of surface marker proteins CD9 and TSG101. (5) Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed enrichment in the extracellular matrix and synapses, with functions related to ion binding, ribosome binding, and particularly cell adhesion and translation. (6) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed proteins were primarily involved in extracellular matrix receptor interaction, ribosome, and cytokine receptor interaction, and also associated with various metabolic diseases like cholesterol and thyroid disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To summarize the common characteristics of non high quality flue-cured tobacco leaves to provide reference for quality improvement. [Method] Taking 10 industrial grade samples of tobacco leaves from each of 8 municipal producing areas as the research objects, the differences in appearance quality scores and chemical composition contents of different grades were compared, and the correlation between indexes was analyzed. [Result] Non high quality tobacco leaves showed different characteristics in different parts of appearance quality, with less oil, thinner body, and poor uniformity in lugs; less oil, poor uniformity, and variegated in cutters; and thicker body, variegated, and poor uniformity in leaf. The trend of chemical composition characteristics was similar among different parts, with higher content of nitrogenous compounds, pigments, and organic acids, lower content of sugar compounds, but the differences were greater in lower leaves. The depth of leaf color, thickness of body and tightness of leaf structure were mainly positively correlated with the content of nitrogen compounds and some neutral aroma components; oil content, uniformity and variegated score were mainly positively correlated with the content of sugar compounds, and negatively correlated with some organic acid content; color score was also negatively correlated with the content of nitrogen compounds.[Conclusion]The emphasis indexes of the relative characteristics of the appearance quality of non high quality tobacco leaves vary in three different parts, and there are common rules in the chemical composition differences, which are strongly correlated with appearance indexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the clinical efficacy of batroxobin in treating refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and to investigate factors influencing the treatment outcomes of SSNHL patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 82 patients (106 ears) with SSNHL admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngoloy at Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2022 to April 2024. Of these, 34 patients (43 ears) who underwent secondary treatment were classified as the refractory SSNHL group, with the remaining patients serving as the control group. Both groups received batroxobin injection, standard acupuncture, neurotrophic agents, and microcirculation improving treatments. Clinical efficacy, changes in pure tone audiometry thresholds, Tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) scores, and hematologic parameters were observed and compared before and after treatment. Results The overall treatment effectiveness rate in the refractory SSNHL group (30.23%) was lower than that in the control group (39.68%). For patients with severe to profound hearing loss in the refractory SSNHL group, the mean speech frequency hearing threshold was reduced from (84.36±11.63) dBHL before treatment to (65.43 ±10.23) dBHL after treatment. Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in THI scores before and after treatment (P<0.01). Duration of illness, fibrinogen level, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) were identified as independent prognostic risk factors (P<0.05). Conclusion Although treatment outcomes in refractory SSNHL patients are generally suboptimal, batroxobin combined with acupuncture provides significant clinical benefits for improving hearing and tinnitus symptoms in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of sodium hyaluronate gel combined with collagen injection on improving nasolabial groove. Methods From October 2022 to October 2023, 35 cases of nasolabial fold wrinkles were treated in the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University. Fill the nasal base with hyaluronic acid combined with collagen to fill nasolabial fold wrinkles, and were followed up and photographed 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. Statistical WSRS score, GAIS score, measurement of facial convexity, incidence of adverse events, patient satisfaction. Results The WSRS scores of 35 patients were (1.23±0.42), (1.51±0.57), (1.71±0.46) and (2.03±0.67) respectively at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after injection. GAIS scores were (4.43 ±0.55), (3.77± 0.54), (3.14± 0.42) and (2.26±0.44) respectively at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after injection. The facial convexity at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after injection was (172.80。±1.55。), (173.91。±1.48。), (174.89。±1.53。) and (175.71。±1.76。) respectively, compared with that before injection (176.63。± 1.80。). There were 4 cases of edema (11.4%) and 1 case of induration (2.9%) after injection. The totalsatisfaction rate of patients was 85.7%(30/35). Conclusion Sodium hyaluronate gel combined with collagen injection is a safe, comfortable, effective and lasting method to improve nasolabial groove, which has high aesthetic value and is a better way to improve nasolabial fold wrinkles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem of difficulty in allocating channels efficiently for secondary users (SU) in complex and variable cognitive radio systems, this paper proposed a high throughput channel allocation protocol, TKMA protocol. The protocol constructed an utility matrix of user and channel based on primary user (PU) activities, SU real-time service demands, and channel conditions, etc., allocated channels with the objective of maximizing the total utility value of the SU system under the premise of guaranteeing the communication quality of the PUs, and solved the problem by using the improved Kuhn-Munkras algorithm and polling scheduling. To evaluate the performance of the protocol, it established a universal multi-user multi-channel cognitive radio system model, described the packet transmission process using queuing theory, and derived the performance indicators of SU through Markov steady-state solution. The experimental results show that the use of TKMA protocol yields better results in terms of total SU system throughput, average delay, average queue length, rejection rate and other metrics compared with the previously proposed simplification algorithm and the traditional equitable random assignment protocol, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed protocol and system model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the production process in a lead zinc flotation plant, a large amount of particulate matter is generated, polluting the working environment. This study takes a lead zine mine as an example and analyzes the distribution of particulate matter concentration inside and outside the flotation plant. The pollution status and its health impacts are thoroughly investigated. The results show that the quantity concentration of particulate matter smaller than 10 µm inside the average plant is higher than outside, with the quantity concentration increasing as particle size decreases. The average ratio of quantity concentration of particulate matter inside to outside the plant is generally greater than 1. The mass concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1, inside the plant are significantly higher than those outside, with PM10 and PM2.5 inside the plant exceeding the Grade 1 standard by 5.333 times and 6.313 times, respectively, and the Grade 2 standard by 2.614 times and 2.134 times. The concentration of particulate matter inside the plant significantly influences the concentration outside. The distribution and concentration of particulate matter vary, and environmental factors greatly impact dust pollution. The study's findings provide valuable data for effectively controlling particulate matter in mining environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay mainly reviews the resource status, resource distribution, nutritional value of the main bulk miscellaneous meal protein feed resources in Xinjiang, including cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and pepper meal, as well as the progress of its application technology in ruminants, in order to provide theoretical support for the rational use of protein feed resources in animal husbandry in Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Based on constructivist theory, this study aims to combine case-based learning ( CBL) with mind mapping to develop a "Clinical Case Mind Map Library based on System Organs" containing complete medical history clues and detailed diagnostic and treatment processes. Methods The present situation of CBL teaching in Kunming Medical University and the demand for constructing clinical case mind map database were investigated by questionnaire. A mind map library with typical medical records as the core was constructed by using the action research method and X-mind tool software. The students' learning effect was tested by the comparative study of equal groups. Results The survey shows that both teachers and students have an urgent need to build a clinical case mind map library; action research demonstrates that the development and application of a case-based mind map library can effectively stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their ability for independent study; comparison studies show that the average scores of the experimental group students are significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05), the proportion of failing students in the experimental group has decreased (P < 0.05), and the proportion of passing (P < 0.05) and excellent students has increased, achieving good teaching results. Conclusion The development and application of a clinical case mind map library based on systemic organs can effectively solve the problem of insufficient case resources in CBL courses; the combination of reducing text and empowering logic can help improve the depth and efficiency of CBL course learning, and is worth promoting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To suppress the thermal runaway (TR) and its propagation in lithium‑ion batteries, a nitrogen and water mist (NWM) biphasic flow system is constructed. By changing the pressure and duration of the system, comparing the surface temperature and the volume fraction of flue gas emitted from the batteries, and analyzing the cooling power of NWM and the heat accumulation in the battery module, the mechanism and effectiveness of NWM system in suppressing TR propagation in the lithium‑ion battery module are studied. The results show that under the synergistic effect of NWM cooling the battery module surface and the suffocation mechanism, duration of the jet fire of the battery module is significantly reduced. Moreover, higher NWM pressure and longer duration of the system leads to lower peak temperature on the battery surface, and time intervals for TR propagation between adjacent batteries increases, demonstrating a significantly enhanced effectiveness of NWM in suppressing the propagation of TR in lithium‑ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the effect of urolithin C (UC) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) HL-60 cells, and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: The HL-60 cells were divided into different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μmol·L-1) of urolithin A (UA) groups, urolithin B (UB) groups, and UC groups. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation activity of the cells in various groups; the morphology of the cells in different concentrations of UC groups was observed under optical microscope. The HL-60 cells were divided into different concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 80 μmol·L-1) of UC groups and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) combined with different concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 80 μmol·L-1) of UC groups. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation activities of the cells in various groups. The HL-60 cells were divided into control group (0 μmol·L-1) and different concentrations (20, 40, and 80 μmol·L-1) of UC groups. The live/dead cell staining method was used to detect the dead rates of the cells in various groups; flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of the cells in various groups; the autophagy of the cells was detected by autophagy staining kit (monodansylcadaverine, MDC)method; real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method was used to detect the expression levels of Beclin 1, autophagy related gene 9(ATG9), and autophagy related gene 7(ATG7) mRNA in the cells in various groups; Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(Caspase-3), cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3( Cleaved Caspase-3), microtubule-associated protein 1 light 3(LC-3), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) in the cells in various groups. Results: The CCK-8 assay results showed that after cultured for 24, 48, and 72 h, compared with 0 μmol·L-1 UA, UB, and UC groups, the proliferation activities of the cells in different concentrations of UA, UB, and UC groups were decreased(P<0. 01) with a concentration-and time-dependent manner; at 48 h, compared with UA and UB, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of UC was the lowest. The cell morphology observation results showed that compared with control group, the intercellular connection and the number of the cells were decreased with the increasing of UC concentration, and the cell fragment was increased. The CCK-8 assay results showed that compared with 40 and 80 μmol·L-1 UC groups, the proliferation activities of the cells in 3-MA combined with 40 and 80 μmol·L-1 UC groups were increased (P<0. 05 or P< 0. 01). The live/dead cell staining results showed that compared with control group, the dead rates of the cells in 40 and 80 μmol·L-1 UC groups were increased (P<0. 01). The flow cytometry results showed that compared with control group, the apoptotic rate of the cells in 80 μmol·L-1 UC group was increased (P<0. 01). The MDC method results showed that with the increasing of UC concentration, the green fluorescence in the cells in different concentrations of UC groups was gradually intensified. The RT-qPCR results showed that compared with control group, the expression levels of Beclin 1, ATG9, and ATG7 mRNA in the cells in 80 μmol·L-1 UC group were increased (P<0. 01). The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group, the expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3 protein in the cells in 20, 40, and 80 μmol·L-1 UC groups were increased (P<0. 01), the ratio of membrane LC3 / cytoplasmic LC3(LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ) in the cells in 80 μmol·L-1 UC group was increased (P<0. 05), and the ratios of p-AMPK/AMPK and p-ERK/ERK in the cells in 40 and 80 μmol·L-1 UC groups were increased (P<0. 01). Conclusion: UC can inhibit the proliferation of the AML HL-60 cells, induce the apoptosis and autophagy, and increase the phosphorylation levels of ERK and AMPK proteins in the cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dunhuang murals, as the jewels of ancient Chinese art, represent a rich repository of history, culture, art, and religious heritage, whose value is immeasurable. The pigments used in these murals, meticulously selected from natural minerals, bring unparalleled color and texture to the Dunhuang paintings. A deeper understanding of the characteristics of these pigments aids in the appreciation of the profound layers of art, culture, and history, and serves as the foundation for the preservation and restoration of the murals. This article employs a vivid, anthropomorphic narrative to make the origins of the colors in the Mogao Caves’ murals accessible and understandable. It focuses on elucidating the typical mineral pigments used and their sources, with the aim of promoting the conservation of these murals, as well as the popularization, dissemination, and heritage of cultural treasures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the occurrence patterns of coal and gas outburst accidents, statistical analysis was conducted on coal and gas outburst accidents in China from 1950 to 2022 from the spatial and temporal dimension, and preventive measures and suggestions were proposed. The research results indicate that the temporal distribution pattern of coal and gas outburst accidents in China from 1950 to 2022 can be divided into three periods: a period of significant increase (1950-1980), a period of continuous improvement (1981-2000), and a period of stable decline (2001-2022). The spatial distribution pattern is wide range, relatively concentrated, more in the south and less in the north, and serious in the south and slight in the north. The number of coal and gas outburst accidents gradually decreases over time, and the ratio of the number of deaths to the total number of deaths in coal mine accidents fluctuates and increases over time. The spatial distribution of coal and gas outburst mines is generally characterized by more in the south and less in the north. The research results provide a basis for the prevention and control of coal and gas outburst accidents in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulations of electronic structure and elasto-mechanical properties of GaM (M= S/Se/Te) with layered hexagonal PSS/mme structure are investigated based on density-functional theory (T)FT). The optimized lattice of I >63/mmc-GaM (M= S/Se/Te) matches the experimental results. The band gap values obtained using the HSE06 generalization are closer to the experimental values than those obtained by PBE, The single-crystal elastic constants of I>63/mmc-GaM (M= S/Se/Te) obtained by both strain-energy-strain (E-S) and stress-strain (S-S) methods meet the elasto-mechanical stability criterion. A subsequent analysis of the mechanical properties such as polycrystalline elastic modulus of the three materials is carried out based on the stress-st rain (S-S) method, which is closer to the literature values. Poisson s ratio and B/G values indicate that I>63/mmc-GaM (M =S/Se/Te) shows brittleness. Three-dimensional stereograms of the anisotropy factor, elastic modulus E, shear modulus G, and linear compression coefficient |3 show the degree of elastic anisotropy of the material, respectively. At zero temperature and pressure, the first transverse sound velocity of I>63/mmc-GaM (M = SZSe/Te) is the largest in the _100] direction, and the two transverse waves TAl and TA2 are the slowest in the [001] direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) is a very rare low-grade neoplasm of un- certain behavior which tends to occur in connective or other soft tissue. At present there are very few reports on it and due to the rarity its lineage has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical data, pathological general, microscopic morphology and immunohisto chemical staining results of PHAT in one case of gastroomental soft tissue and to make differential diagnosis, and to retrospectively analyze the relevant literature to improve the further understanding of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further improve the recovery index of a refractory microfine-dissemination gold ore in Qinghai Province, a detailed process mineralogy study was conducted. The results showed that the main factors affecting gold recovery were the recovery of fine and micro-fine pyrite and arsenopyrite. Due to the difficulty of monomer dissociation of most fine and micro-fine pyrite and arsenopyrite during the grinding process, some gold minerals were lost. In addition, fine-grained gold inclusion by vein minerals was also an important form of gold mineral loss. It is suggested to use a flotation process with staged grinding and separation to improve gold recovery rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Curve simplification is of importance in automated map generalization; nevertheless, the Douglas-Peucker (DP) algorithm popularly used in map generalization is not automatic, because a key parameter called distance tolerance (ε) must be given by experienced cartographers and needs to be input before execution of the algorithm. Methods: To solve the problem, this paper proposed a method to automatically calculate ε and by which the automation of the DP algorithm is achieved. The method consists of the following steps: (1) A formula is constructed by the Hausdorff distance for calculating the similarity degree (Ssim) between a curve at a larger scale and its simplified counterpart at a smaller scale. (2) 15 linear rivers are selected, and each of them is manually simplified to get their counterparts at seven different scales. The Ssim of each original river and each of its simplified counterpart at a smaller scale can be obtained using the formula constructed by the Hausdorff distance, and 15×7=105 coordinate pairs consisting of (S,Ssim) can be got, and a function between Ssim and S are constructed by the curve fitting using the coordinates. (3) In the meanwhile, the 15 rivers are simplified using a number of ε, and the Ssim of each original river and each of its simplified counterpart at a smaller scale can be calculated using the formula constructed by the Hausdorff distance. In this way, a number of coordinate pairs (ε,Ssim) are got, and a function between ε and Ssim is constructed by the curve fitting. (4) By the function between Ssim and S and that between ε and Ssim, a formula between ε and S can be deducted. Using the formula ε can be calculated automatically, because in a map generalization task S is usually known. After this step, automation of the DP algorithm is achieved. Results: The experiment results show that (1) The proposed DP algorithm can automatically simplify the rivers in a specific geographical area to get the results at different scales; and (2) the resulting river curves generated by the proposed DP algorithm have a high degree of similarity with the ones made by experienced cartographers. Their average similarity degree is 0.927. Conclusion: The proposed DP algorithm can simplify curve features on maps automatically, and the results are highly intelligent and credible. Although only river data is tested in this paper, the principle of the proposed method can be extended to other linear features on maps. Our future work will be on improving the accuracy of the proposed DP algorithm using more river data so that the algorithm can be used in practical map generalization engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prepare shape memory polymers with remote controllable deformation and superior performance, PCL/CB composites were prepared by thiol-ene click chemistry method, and their chemical structures, thermal properties and shape memory properties were characterized via FTIR, DSC, ¹H NMR and DMA. The results indicate that the thermal transition temperature is 50 ℃, and when the pre-stretched composite film is irradiated by a 100 mW/cm² laser, the CB particles absorb laser photons and produce photothermal conversion. Due to the relaxation of the anisotropic chain and the release of strain energy, the upper layer shrinks due to the melting of crystal regions when irradiated with laser, while the lower layer is still in a glassy state. The shrinkage force of the upper film causes the PCL/CB composite material film to bend and deform toward the direction of laser irradiation. At the same time, the bending angle can be controlled by three parameters:pre-stretch strain, irradiation time, and film thickness. When the prestretch strain is 300% and the film thickness is 0.4 mm, the maximum bending angle is 164°. The PCL/CB composite film with locally programmable behavior can provide new ideas for the deformation mode of light responsive SMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to identify the non-stationary characteristics of meteorological variables under the influence of climate change and reveal the spatiotemporal evolution law of meteorological drought characteristics in Qinghai Province, so as to provide some technical support for drought relief and disaster reduction in Qinghai Province. [Methods] Based on GAMLSS model, a non-stationary NSPEI with climatic factors as explanatory variables was constructed. A meteorological drought index more suitable for Qinghai Province was selected by comparing with the traditional SPEI, and the distribution characteristics of drought return periods under different scenarios were analyzed by using the run length theory and Copula method. [Results] Compared with SPEI, NSPEI could identify different drought degrees in Qinghai Province more accurately, especially for severe drought events. From 1961 to 2020, the drought frequency in Qinghai Province showed a decreasing trend and moderate and mild drought mainly occurred. The high drought frequency occurred in the northwest of Qaidam Basin and the low drought frequency area in the southwest of Qingnan pastoral area. Drought duration and drought intensity decreased at 0.018 9/a and 0.016 6/a, respectively. The spatiotemporal changes of the two drought characteristics were synchronous, and both decreased from northwest to northeast. In the moderate drought scenario, Tor and Tand averaged 2.79 and 7.52 years, respectively. The average Tor of severe drought was 4.11 years, and the average Tand was 16.22 years. The southwest of Qinghai Province was the high risk area of moderate and severe drought, while the eastern agricultural area was the heavy and low risk area of moderate and severe drought. [Conclusion] The stationarities of precipitation and temperature series in Qinghai Province no longer exist. Considering that NSPEI, which takes climate factor as covariable, has more advantages in revealing the spatiotemporal variation trend of Qinghai Province, it can be used to predict the future change of meteorological drought in Qinghai Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the changes of laboratory parameters and safety of nusinersen in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy(SMA). Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the six SMA patients treated with nusinersen in the Department of Neurology at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from December 2021 to December 2022. We summarized the patients' clinical data, including genetic diagnosis results, disease classification, and clinical manifestations. Intrathecal injection of 5 mL/12 mg of nusinersen administered on the 1st, 14th, 28th, and 63rd days, followed by maintenance treatment every 4 months. After each administration, we compared and evaluated the patients' cerebrospinal fluid, blood routine, liver function, kidney function, and coagulation function with baseline values. We regularly followed up the patients and recorded adverse reactions after administration to evaluate medication safety. Results A total of six patients were diagnosed with SMA, including four cases of SMA3 type and two cases of SMA4 type. The deletion of exon 7 of the survival motor neuron gene 1(SMN1)in patients led to changes in motor neuron, most of which were caused by limb weakness; in severe cases, the patients were unable to stand. The baseline abnormal test indicators of patients included the increase of cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase(CSF-LDH), the increase of creatine kinase(CK), and the decrease of creatinine(Cr). After four times of treatment, the patients' CSF-WBC, CSF-Glu, CSF-Pro, CSF-LDH, WBC, PLT, RBC, ALT, AST, GGT, BUN, uric acid(UA), INR, aPTT, and D-dimer had no significant difference from the baseline (P>0 05). The patients had no other significant adverse reactions except headaches, dizziness, and back pain after puncture. Conclusion Nusinersen has good safety on SMA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reveal the effect of the soaking time of the lotus kernel on the quality of the plumule removal in the fresh lotus seeds. The physical and mechanical properties of the lotus kernel were investigated under different soaking times. The "Taikong 36" variety lotus seed was chosen as the research object. Firstly, a series of experiments were carried out to establish the relationship between soaking time and moisture content of the lotus kernel. The moisture contents of the lotus kernel at soaking times of 0-180 min were obtained as 60.75%, 62.06%, 62.54%, 62.85%, 63.08%, 63.23%, and 63.45%, respectively. Secondly, the geometric parameters of the lotus kernel and lotus plumules under different soaking times were measured using an vernier caliper. It was found that the maximum short diameter and length of the lotus kernel, and the length and the maximum width of the pointed fissure at the kernel tip increased with an increasing soaking time, as did the length, root diameter, maximum thickness, and maximum width of the lotus plumule. Thirdly, the hardness of the lotus kernel under different soaking times was measured using a Universal TA texture analyzer. The results showed that their hardness gradually decreased, as the soaking time of the lotus kernel increased. Once the soaking time increased from 0 to 180 min, the hardness of the lotus kernel decreased from 8.76 to 7.83 N. Mechanical properties tests of lotus kernel under different soaking times (including elastic modulus test, compressive strength test, and the force measurement for removing lotus plumule) were conducted using the UTS-4.5KN/T162 universal testing system, in order to obtain the stress-strain curve and load-displacement curve of the lotus kernel material. The relationship between physical and mechanical performance indicators of lotus kernels and their soaking time was established using regression analysis. It was found that the elastic modulus, compressive strength of the lotus kernel, and the force of removing lotus plumules decreased with the increase of soaking time. Once the soaking time increased from 0 to 180 min, the longitudinal compressive modulus of lotus kernel decreased from 5.44 to 5.01 MPa, while the compressive strength decreased from 5.15 to 4.75 MPa, the lateral compressive modulus of lotus kernel decreased from 4.48 to 3.74 MPa, and the compressive strength decreased from 4.07 to 3.54 MPa, the force of removing the lotus plumules using a solid punch needle decreased from 18.26 to 16.16 N, and the force of removing the lotus plumules using a hollow punch needle decreased from 14.54 to 12.31 N. Finally, the air extrusion plumule-removing machine of fresh lotus seed was developed to conduct the plumule-removing experiment of lotus kernel with different soaking times. It was found that the soaking time of the lotus kernel had a direct impact on the plumule complete removal rate, kernel breakage rate, and plumule intactness rate. When the soaking time for the lotus kernel was relatively short, there was also the smaller length and width of the fissure at the tip of the lotus kernel, indicating that the lotus plumules could not squeeze out of the compressed air. The lotus kernel presented the higher hardness, elasticity modulus, compressive strength, and the force of removing the plumule, which can easily cause the breakage of the lotus kernel and plumule. Therefore, the plumule complete removal rate and the plumule intactness rate of the lotus kernel were lower, resulting in a higher lotus kernel breakage rate. The length and width of the fissure at the tip of the lotus kernel also increased, as the soaking time increased. The hardness of the lotus kernel, elastic modulus, compressive strength, and the force of removing the plumule decrease with the increase in soaking time, making it easier for the lotus plumule and lotus kernel to completely separate. Furthermore, the lotus kernel breakage rate remained relatively low with the increase in the plumule complete removal rate and plumule intactness rate. If the soaking time was too long, there was an increase in the moisture content, the breakage rate, as well as the length and width of the fissure at the tip of the lotus kernel, as the soaking time increased. Although compressed air can easily extrude the lotus plumule for the higher plumule complete removal rate, the hardness, elastic modulus, compressive strength, and force of removing the lotus plumule continued to decrease, with the increase in soaking time. The breakage of the lotus kernel and plumule was easily caused by the cracking at the interface between the lotus kernel and embryo, thus increasing the lotus kernel breakage rate with the low intactness rate of the lotus plumule. The optimal removing plumule of lotus kernel can be achieved when the soaking time was 120 mins (the plumule complete removal rate was 94.67%, the plumule intactness rate was 84.00%, and the lotus kernel breakage rate was 3.33%). The finding can provide the basic data support to improve the lotus kernel quality in the efficient and low-damage removal processing of plumule in fresh lotus seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the difference in clinical pathological characteristics and short-term prognosis between patients with simple membranous nephropathy (MN) and patients with MN complicated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Methods Forty-one patients diagnosed with MN combined with MGUS (the MN combined with MGUS group) and 81 patients with simple MN (the simple MN group) diagnosed by renal biopsy were selected in this study. General data and laboratory indicators were collected in the two groups, including white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (PLT), urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect serum anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody. M protein typing in patients with MN and MGUS was determined by immunofixation electrophoresis. The difference of pathological data was compared between the two groups. The treatment effect and adverse reactions of patients were followed up. Results Compared with the simple MN group, Hb, PLT, eGFR anti-PLA2R antibody were lower in the MN combined with MGUS group, while expression levels of BUN, Scr, CRP and ESR were higher (P＜0.05). Most monoclonal immunoglobulins in patients with MN complicated with MGUS were IgG type [41.5% (17/41)]. There was no significant difference in pathological data between the two groups (P＞ 0.05). Thirty-five patients in the MN combined with MGUS group and 74 patients in the simple MN group were followed up respectively. The remission rate after treatment in the MN combined with MGUS group was lower than that in the simple MN group [62.9% (22/35) vs. 78.4% (58/74), χ²=3.884, P＜0.05]. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the cumulative complete remission rate of the MN combined with MGUS group was lower than that of the simple MN group (Log-rank χ²=8.943, P＜ 0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Compared with simple MN patients, patients with MN and MGUS have worse baseline renal function and a lower post-treatment renal response rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and influencing factors of programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody rechallenge therapy in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Methods The clinical data of patients with advanced GC who were treated with anti-PD-1 rechallenge in Henan Cancer Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected retrospectively. The progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time from the first or second used of anti-PD-1 treatment to the date of disease progression or the last follow-up, named PFS1 and PFS2, respectively. Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used for survival analysis, Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 60 patients with anti-PD-1 rechallenge therapy were collected, the median follow-up time was 12.2 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS2) of anti-PD-1 rechallenge therapy was 2.9 months, the objective response rate (ORR) was 16.7%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 55.0%. The median PFS2 of the first and second anti-PD-1 identical and different rechallenge treatment was 3.5 months and 1.9 months (P=0.007) respectively. The median PFS2 of positive PD-L1 expression in rechallenge therapy was 3.4 months, ORR was 22.7%, and DCR was 63.6%; the median PFS2 was 4.5 months, ORR was 27.3%, and DCR was 54.5% in patients with median PFS1≥6 months. Multivariate analysis showed that peritoneal metastasis was independently associated with anti-PD-1 rechallenge therapy with PFS2 (HR=2.327, 95% CI, 1.066-5.082, P=0.034). The incidence of adverse reactions in grade 1-2 and grade 3-4 of anti-PD-1 rechallenge therapy was 83.3%, and 35.0%, respectively, and the safety was controllable. Conclusion Rechallenge therapy with anti-PD-1 is a feasible treatment in advanced GC, but the screening of suitable population for rechallenge therapy still needs prospective data analysis and verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten disulfide (WS2 ) has a wide application prospect in the field of optoelectronic devices due to its properties such as tunable band gap, strong light-matter interaction and high carrier mobility and so on. Dendritic WS2 / monolayer WS2 was grown on SiO2 / Si substrate by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Sulphur powder and transition metal oxides were used as precursors. The morphological evolution of the samples on the substrate was divided into four regions: superimposed growth region (Ⅳ), dendritic WS2 growth region (Ⅲ), hexagonal WS2 growth region (Ⅱ) and no obvious morphological region (Ⅰ). The differences in the number, morphology, structure and properties of the prepared dendritic WS2 / monolayer WS2 on the substrates were systematically compared by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and other testing methods. It is found that the morphology of the dendritic WS2 affects the actual defect concentration, thus affects the position of the Raman characteristic peaks. The growth mechanism of the morphological evolution was explained by the atomic adsorption model and the variation of the S and W vapor ratio. In addition, back-gated field effect transistor (FET) based on dendritic WS2 / monolayer WS2 homojunction with a responsivity of 46. 6 mA/ W is prepared, and its response and recovery time are in the microsecond range, showing its superior performances than the monolayer WS2 -FET prepared by CVD. This work will help to further understand the controlled growth of two-dimensional thin film materials and contribute to the preparation of large-area, high-quality dendrite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the transformation of the main social contradictions, exploring ways to solve the unbalanced and inadequate rural financial de- velopment in agriculture and rural areas, further analyzing the great potential of financial support in economically weak areas for the in-depth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and meeting the diversified rural financial needs are the achievements of China’s efforts to overcome poverty. It is one of the key links to realize the effective transformation of the way of returning to poverty from “blood transfusion re- lief” to “hematopoiesis development” and to stimulate the endogenous power of Rural Revitalization. Based on this, focusing on the analysis of the current situation of rural finance effectively preventing poverty in economically weak areas, and taking the practical measures of Guizhou Province to prevent poverty as an example, further theoretical analysis and countermeasures are carried out on the difficulties of rural finance effectively preventing poverty in economically weak areas. According to the research, the feasible ways for rural finance to effectively prevent the economically weak areas from returning to poverty include: increasing the publicity of commercial insurance and enhancing the pre disaster insurance awareness of rural families;comprehensive use of various monetary policy tools to guide the flow of funds to key rural industries;we will strengthen the policy of integration of industry and education, improve the employment rate of farmers who are targeted to help them get rid of poverty, and achieve integration of industry and education to prevent poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the impacts of different land use changes on runoff in the Wuding River Basin after 2005, the CA-Markov model was used to simulate the land use data in 2025 and 2030, and four land use changes（C1-C4） were built based on the land use data in 2005, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030. A SWAT model of Wuding River basin was built to analyze the impact of C1-C4 on runoff. The results show that a) from 2005 to 2030, the grassland, farmland and unused land are the main types in the Wuding River Basin, accounting for 90%, and the three land use types transform into each other in a small range. The unused land continues to decrease and the residential land is distributed on the both sides of the river and expands rapidly. b) The calibrated SWAT model has a good simulation effect in this basin. c) Runoff increases to different extents by C1-C4 and the increase of residential land is the main factor to runoff. d) Runoff in the months from July to December is greater than that of the months from January to June by C1-C4. Each month runoff has the most significant promoting effect by C2. e) Runoff distribution in every year shows uneven by C1-C4. C1 and C3 make annual runoff distribution less uniform than C2 and C4. f) In C4, the unused land shifts to the northeast, although the area is decreased. It causes increase in total runoff, reduces runoff in the months from January to June and uneven distribution within the year, which should be paid attention to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further mine the changelog information, this paper proposed a siamese Bi-lSTM network model based on the attention mechanism to classify the changelog to realize topic annotation and assist in locating the location of code defects. The model proposed a word segmentation tool with security features to realize changelog preprocessing, used Bi-lSTM network to learn changelog contextual semantic information, and solved the problem of overfilling mode existing in changelog itself through siamese neural network and expanded the data set with high quality to improve generalization ability. It carried out serialization training for the changelog composed of multiple sentences, and the influence of sentences was distinguished through the attention mechanism. For some changelogs of the defect repair class, this paper improved the LLVM tool, generated a mapping table to search the log content, and located the location of the defect module in the source code. A large number of experimental results show that the classification effect of the model in this paper has strong generalization ability, and is nearly 10% higher than the general methods in text classification methods in terms of accuracy, F, value and other indicators, has ideal log classification effect and topic learning effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To dynamically analyze the effects of leosimendan combined with dopamine on renal function in patients with acute heart failure based on DID model. METHODS: A total of 225 patients with acute heart failure admitted to this hospital from Jan. 2019 to Jan. 2021 were divided into research group (112 cases) and control group (113 cases) via the random number table. The control group was given conventional therapy for cardiac failure combined with dopamine for intravenous pump [ from 1 to 5 μg / ( kg·min)]; while the research group was given leosimendan based on the control group, with the initial loading dosage (12 μg / kg) administrated intravenously for 10 min, followed by intravenous drip at the velocity of 0. 1 μg / ( kg·min) for cardiac tonic treatment. Indicators of renal function and cardiac function were compared between two groups before and after treatment, the clinical efficacy of levosimendan was evaluated by using the DID method, and the parallel trend test graphs were plotted by using the Coefplot package in Stata software. RESULTS: After 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine ( SCr) and Nterminal B-type natriuretic peptidogen (NT-proBNP) levels of both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment; after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment, the LVEF, SV, CI and GFR levels of the research group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the BUN, SCr and NT-proBNP levels of research group were significantly lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05); after 4 weeks of treatment, there were no significant difference in the above indexes between the two groups (P>0. 05). The results of DID effect analysis showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in cardiac and renal function between the treatment regimen and the AHF patients (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Levosimendan combined with dobutamine can improve early renal function, increase cardiac function and left ventricular activity in patients with acute heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the serious impact of coal mining on karst water resources, this paper took a coal mine of Xishan in Taiyuan as an example and adopted the characteristic analysis method of sulfur, strontium and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes to study the main sources of isotopes in karst groundwater, calculate the mine drainage and the mixing ratio of karst water in the fissure water in the mining area and quantitatively evaluate the impact on karst groundwater. The results show that in the coal mine in Xishan, the proportion of karst water（including surface water） in the mine drainage is 51%, and the proportion of karst water（including surface water） in the fissure water is 60%, and the amount of karst water affected by coal mining is calculated as 1.295 million m³/a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）修饰是mRNA最普遍的一种表观遗传学修饰，该修饰是基于m6A甲基转移酶、m6A去 甲基化酶和m6A结合蛋白的一个动态可逆的过程，可影响mRNA的稳定性、剪接、翻译以及出核等，从而参与疾病 的发生发展。m6A甲基化修饰通过参与维持胰岛β细胞功能、影响靶组织对胰岛素的敏感性及糖脂代谢等，促进2 型糖尿病的发生发展。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheap sodium silicate was selected as silicon source, and hydrochloric acid was added to sodium silicate as a one-step catalyst to explore sol-gel and modified process parameters, and compare the effects of atmospheric drying, freeze drying and supercritical drying on the physical properties of SiO2 aerogel, and finally determine the best preparation process of SiO² aerogel. BET, SEM, FTIR, XRD, ZETA and other characterization methods were used to analyze the samples. The result showed that when the water glass and deionized water are stirred and hydrolyzed at a volume ratio of 1:4, under the condition of pH=4 sol gel, is the best preparation condition. Compared with the three drying methods, the SiO2 aerogel obtained by supercritical drying has the best physical properties, with a specific surface area of 754. 750 m²/g, an average pore size of 15. 457 nm, a total pore volume of 3.160 cm³/g, a bulk density of 0. 033 g/cm³, Zeta potential of-27.7 mV, thermal conductivity 0. 016 2 W/(m.K). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extreme environment of the deep sea has shaped special life processes with great resource potential, and its detection and research are the frontier of international earth science. While the harsh high-pressure environment of the deep sea greatly limits the application of deep-sea sampling and detection technology, the deep-sea in situ detection technology can obtain the component and content information of deep-sea samples without changing the location and state of the measured object, hence it is more and more widely used in the research of deep-sea extreme environment. The deep-sea extreme environment in situ detection technology has a broad prospect. However, as an emerging detection technology, many scientific problems still need to be solved. This study summarizes the international and domestic research progress of deep-sea extreme environment in situ detection technology, and puts forward the future development strategies for the research of deep-sea extreme environment in situ detection technology in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of rotating tillage coverage and no-tillage with stubble on wheat yield in dryland, field test was carried out in the long-term conservation tillage experimental area of Yaodu District, Linfen city, with' Jinmai 102' as test material. The effects of two tillage modes of no-tillage with stubble and rotating tillage coverage on soil moisture content, physiological indexes of wheat leaf drought resistance, osmotic regulation indexes, photosynthetic biomass, leaf area index and yield were investigated. The results showed as follow: 1) During the critical growth period of wheat in dryland, no-tillage with stubble was more beneficial to increase the water content of 0～50 cm and 120～200 cm soil layer and increase the available water of wheat when compared with rotating tillage coverage; 2) When compared with rotating tillage coverage, no-tillage with stubble reduced the imbalance of antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane damage and relieved the imbalance of cell infiltration, which was beneficial to maintain water needed for normal growth and delayed leaf senescence in wheat under drought stress; 3) The chlorophyll content was increased under no-tillage with stubble, especially the degradation of chlorophyll was alleviated, thereby enhancing the photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation of dryland wheat; 4) The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate was increased under no-tillage with stubble when compared with rotating tillage coverage; 5) When compared with rotating tillage coverage, no-tillage with stubble increased leaf area index, promoted grain filling, increased tiller number and spike number per centiare. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for the rational tillage pattern of wheat in dryland farmland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Knee joint stiffness is a common post-traumatic dysfunction, which is an urgent problem to be solved. To establish an ideal animal model of knee joint stiffness is the basis for studying the pathological mechanism of knee joint stiffness and is also important for exploring the treatment of knee joint stiffness. OBJECTIVE: To review the methods of establishing animal models of knee joint stiffness and to summarize the selection of animals, different fixation methods, fixation time and successful cycle, thereby providing experimental basis for its related research. METHODS: The literatures published from 2000 to 2020 were searched in the databases of CNKI, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, and Embase with the keywords of “knee stiffness, knee contracture, animal model” in Chinese and “knee stiffness, stiff knee, stiff knee, animal model” in English. Finally 49 references were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, researchers mainly use surgical methods and non-surgical methods for modeling, that is, surgical methods: through surgery with or without knee articular surface injury, internal fixation is used to cause postoperative traumatic joint stiffness; non-surgical methods: simple external fixation or violent injury external fixation is used to obtain the animal model of knee joint stiffness. In clinical practice, knee joint stiffness caused by immobilization after lower limb fracture is very common. For knee joint stiffness caused by lower limb fracture that does not affect the knee joint surface, the surgical fixation of extra-articular injury can be selected for modeling. For knee joint stiffness caused by knee joint articular surface injury, intra-articular injury fixation can be selected for modeling. The method of surgical fixation has the advantages of short modeling time, high efficiency, and good stability, but there are high requirements for aseptic conditions. To date, it has been widely used in the structural changes and efficacy observation of knee joint stiffness, and orthopedic brace intervention. The model of simple external fixation such as plaster and splint is easy to operate, avoids surgical trauma, and has relative advantages in simulating the disease development of knee joint stiffness. This model can be used to observe the pathological changes of joint stiffness at different stages, and the disadvantages are that the fixation is easy to loosen, slip, or nibble during the process of animal activities, the modeling time is too long, and the fixation is easy to fail. Fixation after violent injury can simulate knee joint stiffness caused by immobilization after periarticular soft tissue injury and is suitable for the study on the efficacy and screening of conservative treatment. In summary, the most ideal way to model knee joint stiffness is knee hyperextension+intra-articular surgical trauma+fixation. Through knee hyperextension to damage the posterior capsule of the knee joint and fenestration in the femoral condyle to simulate intra-articular fractures, this modeling method using Kirschner wire internal fixation has a short modeling time, high success rate, and good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environment-friendly nanobiosensors can improve the detection performance of traditional biomolecular sensors and are of importance in practical applications. In this study, a kind of room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) quantum dots (QDs) (ChOx RTP QDs) nanobiosensor was prepared by mineralization at room temperature (25 ℃), using choline oxidase (ChOx) as the template. The specific enzyme substrate reaction between ChOx and choline oxidase and the photoinduced electron transfer (PIET) were used to detect the RTP of choline oxidase. The linear range of chox detection is 0. 05~20 mmol/L, and the detection limit is 0. 02 μmol/L. This method is based on the RTP property of QDs, which can effectively avoid the interference of background fluorescence of biological samples and does not need complex sample pretreatment process. Therefore, this method is more suitable for the quantitative detection of choline oxidase in biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor air quality is directly related to human health. As one of the pollutants strictly controlled by indoor air quality standards, indoor formaldehyde shows an extremely low concentration but can cause serious harm. For the treatment of large air volume with low concentration formaldehyde, adsorption technology is one of the mainstream technologies, and the adsorption material is the core of the technology. The latest research progress on the removal of indoor low-con cent rat ion formaldehyde by adsorption is summarized. Firstly, the performance of carbon-based adsorbent, silicon-based adsorbent and new adsorbent for indoor formaldehyde removal is analyzed. Secondly, the modification method of each adsorbent is introduced. Then, the adsorption principle of HCHO on each adsorbent is elaborated. Finally, the effect of water vapor on the performance of the adsorbent under working conditions is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marginal lands can greatly contribute to fully meeting the ever-increasing demands for cultivated resources in recent years. In general, the available marginal land refers to the new reclamation lands that converted from grassland, wetland or other lands in the past 25 years. Among them, there are serious land desertification and low productivity in Inner Mongolia of northwestern China, where the marginal land is widely distributed so far. Alternatively, Cyperus esculentus L. has been one of the most important crops to ensure the safety of grain and oil in China, due mainly to the high yield and oil content. Therefore, it is a new idea to promote the cultivation of Cyperus esculentus L. on a large number of marginal lands under a rapid development of mechanized agriculture. In this study, a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation was made to determine the cultivation and production potential of Cyperus esculentus L. in the marginal land of Inner Mongolia, further to predict the energy and economic benefits from the new oil crop. The results show that there was a total of 125 000 km² of marginal land in the study area, of which the area of first-class marginal land was 26 000 km², mainly distributed in the central and eastern Bayannur, Baotou, Xilinhot, and Tongliao counties. The types of land cover were the sparse vegetation, farmland and mixed vegetation. The area of second-class marginal land was 64 000 km², particularly distributed in Huolin Gol, and Wuhai City, where there were the vegetation-based farmland and vegetation mixed areas. The area of third-class marginal land was 35 000 km², mainly distributed in the desert edge areas of the western Alxa League. It was difficult to reclaim in some complex restricted areas with harsh climate conditions, due to the low rainfall and transportation. As such, approximately 15.9 million tons of edible oil was produced per year, when planting the Cyperus esculentus L. on these marginal lands. Otherwise, 1.87×1012 MJ of biomass energy was obtained, corresponding to the 44.7 million tons of fuel oil. On the whole, Cyperus esculentus L. presented great potential in the production of edible oil and biodiesel. Correspondingly, the marginal land can be widely expected to alleviate the shortage of edible oil, as well as the energy crisis in the realization of carbon neutral goals. The marginal land can also be fully utilized to alleviate the increasingly tense human-land contradiction for a higher land productivity. Since the industrial chain of Cyperus esculentus L. has not yet been fully mature, the accuracy of the estimation can increase with the promotion of plantation and industry, when evaluating the potential of planting, oil yield, and biomass energy production on marginal lands. The finding can also provide a scientific data support to the marginal land use, as well as the cultivation and promotion of Cyperus esculentus L. in the sandy areas of northwestern China, so as to alleviate the shortages of regional grain, oil and energy resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser ultrasonic detection technology possesses unique advantages combining ultrasonic and optical methods, enabling non-contact detection while enhancing temporal and spatial resolution. To enhance the excitation efficiency and defect detection accuracy of laser ultrasound, optimization of laser source parameters is necessary to improve energy exchange efficiency and reduce costs. Research has been conducted on the propagation characteristics of laser ultrasonic sound fields under various conditions. Numerical simulations of the process of laser ultrasonic action on X80 pipelines were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software, and the accuracy of the model was verified. The relationship between laser source parameters and ultrasonic field was studied by combining the set laser pulse width and laser spot radius, and further analysis of the relevant data was carried out using MATLAB. The analysis results indicate that when the pulse width is set to 20 ns and the spot radius is set to 300 μm, laser ultrasonics exhibit relatively optimal excitation efficiency in X80 pipelines. This provides important reference for improving the excitation efficiency of laser sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Early exercise treatment is the main prevention way for traumatic joint contracture and is also a research focus. Swimming may be a potential intervention for joint contracture due to the special physical properties of water. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of swimming on the development of joint contracture in a rat model and study its mechanisms. METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank control group (n=8) and a joint contracture group (n=16). After the surgical operation of knee joint contracture rat models, the joint contracture group was randomly subdivided into a surgical control group (n=8) and a swimming treatment group (n=8). Swimming started in the swimming treatment group in the second week after surgery and lasted for a total of 5 weeks. At the 6th week after surgery, the body mass, knee joint range of motion, and quadriceps diameter were tested, and the diameter/body mass index was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to detect the pathological changes in the knee joint capsule and quadriceps muscle, and Masson staining was used to observe fibrotic changes in the knee joint capsule. Furthermore, the protein expression of transforming growth factor β1 and type I collagen in the knee joint capsule was quantified by immunohistochemical assay and western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of MuRF1 in the quadriceps femoris. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank control group, the knee range of motion decreased in the surgical control and swimming treatment groups (P < 0.01), and knee extension deficit and arthrogenic extension deficit were significantly increased (P < 0.01), the diameter of the quadriceps muscle was decreased (P < 0.01), the joint capsule showed significant fibrosis, the quadriceps muscle was atrophied, and the diameter/body mass index was decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the surgical control group, the swimming treatment group showed a significant increase in knee joint range of motion and quadriceps diameter (P < 0.01), and significant improvement in joint capsule fibrosis and quadriceps atrophy. Compared with the blank control group, collagen fiber content and expression of transforming growth factor β1 and type I collagen were increased in the joint capsule of rats in both the surgical control group and the swimming treatment group (P < 0.01). Compared with the surgical control group, collagen fiber content and expression of transforming growth factor β1 and type I collagen protein in the joint capsule were decreased in the swimming treatment group. Compared with the blank control group, the expression of MuRF1 protein in the quadriceps muscle of rats in the surgical control group and the swimming treatment group was increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the surgical control group, the expression of MuRF1 protein in the quadriceps muscle of rats in the swimming treatment group was decreased (P < 0.05). To conclude, early swimming intervention reduces transforming growth factor β1 and type I collagen expression in the joint capsule of traumatic joint contracture rats, decreases MuRF1 expression in the quadriceps muscle, and increases joint range of motion and quadriceps diameter, thereby inhibiting the development of joint contracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Ca2+ expression in astrocytes has been found to be closely related to cognitive function, and the Ca2+ signaling pathway regulated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R2) and ryanodine receptor (RYR) 2 receptors has become a hot spot in the study of cognitive disorder-related diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of Ca2+ signals mediated by IP3R2 and RYR2 in hippocampal astrocytes in animal models of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning, and to explore the possible pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. METHODS: C57BL mice with qualified cognitive function were selected by Morris water maze experiment and randomly divided into control group and experimental group. An animal model of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning was established by static carbon monoxide inhalation in the experimental group, and the same amount of air was inhaled in the control group. Behavioral and neuronal changes, astrocyte specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, IP3R2, RYR2 receptor and Ca2+ concentration in astrocytes of the two groups were detected using Morris water maze, hematoxylin-eosin staining, western blot, immunofluorescence double labeling and Ca2+ fluorescence probe at 21 days after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the Morris water maze, the escape latency of the experimental group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that in the experimental group, the number of hippocampal pyramidal cells decreased, the cell structure was disordered, and the nucleus was broken and dissolved. Immunofluorescence results showed that IP3R2 and RYR2 were co-expressed with glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus, and the expressions of IP3R2, RYR2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein were up-regulated in the hippocampus of the experimental group (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of IP3R2, RYR2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus of the experimental group were increased (P < 0.05). Ca2+ concentration in hippocampal astrocytes increased significantly in the experimental group (P < 0.05). To conclude, astrocytes may affect Ca2+ signals by mediating IP3R2 and RYR2 receptors, then impair the cognitive function of mice with carbon monoxide poisoning, and eventually lead to delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the effect of Na+ doping on the luminescence of Ca2GdNbO6: 0.03Sm3+ phosphors, a series of Ca2GdNbO6: 0.03Sm3+, xNa+ (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10; x is mole fraction) phosphors were successfully synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction.XRD patterns and the corresponding refinement results show that Na+ were successfully doped into Ca2GdNbO6: 0.03Sm3+ lattices. The luminescent properties of Ca2GdNbO6: 0.03Sm3+, xNa+ phosphors illustrate that the introduction of Na+ effectively improves the luminous intensity of Ca2GdNbO6: 0.03Sm3+ phosphors. Under the 406 nm excitation, the optimum doped concentration of Na+ is 5%, as well as the phosphors emit orange-red light with the strongest emission peak at 602 nm (4 G5/2 →6 H7/2). The calculation of the concentration quenching and the thermal stability of Ca2GdNbO6: 0.03Sm3+, 0.05 Na+ host show that the energy transfer in the matrix occurs mainly among the nearest neighbor ions, and the thermal activation energy is 0.119 eV. The calculated color coordinate (0.593 5, 0.404 7) of the phosphors is located in the orange-red region, which is close to the standard (0.666, 0.333) specified by the international commission on illumination, indicating Ca2GdNbO6: 0.03Sm3+, xNa+ phosphors have potential application prospects in the field of white LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 探讨血栓弹力图(TEG)联合凝血四项检测对评估股骨头置换术中出血风险的临床价 值。方法 收集2018年1月至2020年7月在该院收治的行股骨头置换术且术前同步行TEG和凝血四项检测 的患者共57例,分析患者术前TEG指标[凝血反应时间(R)、血块形成速率(K)、弹力图最大切角(Angle)、血 块最大强度(MA)]、凝血四项指标[血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间 (TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)]与术中出血量的相关性;按手术出血量的大小将患者分为A 组(手术出血量小于 500 mL,n=34)和B组(手术出血量大于或等于500 mL,n=23),比较A、B两组患者TEG 与凝血四项检测指 标的差异。结果 K、TT与术中出血量呈正相关(r=0.405、0.363),Angle、MA、FIB与术中出血量呈负相关 (r=-0.301、-0.521、-0.570);R、PT、APTT与出血量差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05);A 组MA、FIB均显 著高于B组,TT显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01);A 组MA 和FIB的血液高凝状态患者比例均显 著高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.01);当FIB临界值为3.64 g/L时,对出血量大于或等于500 mL评估 的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为91.3%、 73.5%、77.5%、89.4%。结论 TEG和凝血四项检测 结果中的K、Angle、MA、TT、FIB与股骨头置换术中出血量有相关性,可用于术中出血风险评估;MA和FIB增加 的血液高凝状态是术中出血风险小的有利因素,当FIB<3.64 g/L时,股骨头置换术中出血的风险增加。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Top Closure tension-relief system combined with regulated oxygen-enriched negative pressure-assisted wound therapy in the treatment of refractory wounds. Methods From August 2018 to July 2020, 36 patients with refractory wounds at different sites were selected from the Department of Gastroenterology and hernia surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. We retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic effects of Top Closure tension-relief system combined with regulated oxygen-enriched negative pressure-assisted wound therapy. Results After 35 patients were treated with Top Closure skin traction occluder and oxygen-enriched adjustable negative pressure therapy, the wounds healed well and there was no malunion or nonunion. One patient died of severe cardiopulmonary failure after operation. Conclusion Top Closure tension-relief system combined with regulated oxygen-enriched negative pressure-assisted wound therapy in the treatment of refractory wounds is relatively simple, it can greatly reduce the difficulty of operation, and make the wound heal well after operation, so it can be used to treat refractory wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)的建立是控制医院感染的基础,其环境洁净度直接影响患者的治疗效果。该文对现 行 PIVAS环境洁净度控制标准进行综述,比较了2010版《药品生产质量管理规范中与洁净度相关的监测标准》相对现行标准的 变化,分析了2010版药品生产质量管理规范对 PIVAS所产生的影响,提出 PIVAS应对的实施策略,旨在为规范 PIVAS操作标 准,完善 PIVAS的建设标准与质量控制管理体系提供借鉴。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the central sedative and hypnotic effects and mechanisms of Shumian Capsule. Methods The blank control group, the positive drug diazepam group, and the low-, medium-, and highdose groups of Shumian Capsule were designed in the experiments. Male Kunming mice were administered orally by gavage. We conducted the experiment of mouse autonomous activity. and assessed supra- and sub-threshold dose sleep with pentobarbital sodium. respectively. The levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid (Glu) in the brain tissue of the mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or colorime tric me thod. Male SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with p-chlorophenyl alanine [PCPA, 350 mg/(kg·d) = to establish an insomnia rat model. after which rats were continuously administered intragastrically for 7 days. The general status and body weight of the rats were observed. Total distance and standing times of rats were measured by open field test. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays were used to evaluate the protein expression of 5-HTIA receptor (5-HTIAR) in the rat hippocampus. Results Compared with the blank control group. the three dose groups of Shumian Capsule [ 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 mg/( kg • d)= for 14 consecutive days had significantly reduced the number of spontaneous activities and standing times in the mice (P<0.01). The high dose significantly prolonged the sleep duration of the mice induced by the supra-threshold dose of pentobarbital sodium (P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group. each dose group of Shumian Capsule had an increased GABA level in the mouse brain tissue in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), the medium- and high-dose groups had significantly reduced Glu levels in the hippocampus (P<0.05), while the high-dose group had significantly reduced Glu level in the cortex (P<0.05). In insomnia model rats, their activity was sluggish; their circadian activity rhythm disappeared; the hair became hard, rough and dull, with severe hair loss; and their weight reduced. After 7 consecutive days of the drug administration, the rats' mental state in each Shumian Capsule dose group was improved. Compared with the blank control group. the rats' body weight gains were significantly reduced after intraperitoneal injection of PCPA (P·<0.01). Compared with the model group. each rat group of Shumian capsule treatment had significantly increased body weight gains (P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group. the distance of the rats in the model group increased in the open field test, and the expression level of 5-HTIAR protein in the hippocampus decreased. However. the distance of rats in diazepam group and each dose group of Shumian Capsule was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the expression level of 5-HTIAR protein in the hippocampus of the high- and medium-dose groups of Shumian Capsule and diazepam group increased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion Shumian Capsule has obvious effects of sedation, hypnosis and insomnia improvement, and its underlying mechanisms may be related to the increased GABA and decreased Glu contents in brain tissues, as well as up-regulated 5-HTIAR protein expression in the hippocampus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the measured dynamic response data of the runway of Denver International Airport for five years，this paper analyzes the characteristics of strain and displacement at the corner and the edge of pavement under taxiing state of various types of aircraft，and further analyzes the law of compression deformation of the concrete pavement surface in different runway structural layers for many years. The results show that the peak strain of the pavement surface corresponds to the number of main landing gear axles for the aircraft with different landing gears.The dynamic strain peak of the concrete pavement changes little with the increase of the operating period，which is related to the type of aircraft. For the B737 aircraft ，the tensile strain at the bottom of the pavement is less than the compressive strain at the top of the pavement，but the tensile strain at the bottom of the pavement is greater than the compressive strain at the top of the pavement for the B747 and B777 aircraft. These indicate that the damage of the concrete pavement caused by large aircraft is more serious. The dynamic response of the base layer is the most sensitive among the structural layers of the runway. The compression deformation fluctuates violently and the compression rate is the largest，while the compression deformation amount and compression rate of the subcrust and foundation tend to be stable with the operating period. Therefore，it is suggested that the corner and edge of the pavement should be mainly treated during the design and construction of airport runway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat is one of the most important grain crops in the world. The stability of wheat yield is crucial to global food security. The final yield of wheat can be calculated by the number of ears per unit area. Using deep learning technology to accurately and automatically count the number of wheat ears can save a lot of manpower and material resources. The images of wheat ears from four different wheat varieties during grain filling period were collected, and 296 images with a total of 14 964 ears of wheat were selected to construct the WEE data set. The method of point labeling was used to label the wheat ears in the images. In order to quickly and accurately count the number of wheat ears in complex crowded scenes, a method of estimating the density map and counting the number of wheat ears in field wheat images was proposed. Firstly, histogram equalization and threshold segmentation were used to preprocess the collected field wheat images to reduce the influence of light and some complex backgrounds on counting. Then, according to the characteristics of dense wheat growth at grain filling period, the Congested Scene Recognition Network (CSRNet) was introduced to construct the wheat ear density map estimation model. The CSRNet network was composed of front-end and a back-end networks. The front-end network uses the pre-training model VGG16 to extract the features of the wheat images, and the back-end network uses the dilation convolution to generate the distribution density map while expanding the receptive field. In order to improve the accuracy of the model in the training process, the transfer learning method was used to pre-train the model by using the public wheat image data set, and the collected wheat image data set was used to adjust and optimize the model parameters. The trained model was used to generate the wheat ear density map of a single wheat image, and the wheat ears were counted according to the sum of all density values in the density map. Finally, according to the test data of a single wheat ear image, a wheat ear counting function was constructed to estimate the number of wheat ears in the field. Experiments were conducted on a total of 296 wheat images collected from four varieties (Annong170, Sumai 188, Lemai 608 and Ningmai 24). The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were 16.44 and 17.89, respectively. The correlation coefficient R² between the ear count values and the true values of the four varieties of wheat was about 0.9, indicating that the method in this paper has a higher accuracy for counting wheat ears in a single image. In addition, the experiment of estimating the number of wheat ears in the field showed that the error of estimation of wheat ears was smaller with the increase of area. The results of this study can provide the possibility of automatic estimation of the number of wheat ears in practical application process, and also provide a reference for wheat yield estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ａｉｍｉｎｇ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｈｉｇｈ ａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ ｔｅｓｔ ｃａｂｉｎ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｈａｓ ｅｘｃｅｓｓｉｖｅ ｍａｓｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｃａｂｉｎ ｆａｉｌｓ ｉｎ ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ, ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｉｃ ａｎｄ ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｍａｉｎ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｍｉｄｄｌｅ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｄｙｎａｍｏｍｅｔｅｒ ｃａｂｉｎ ｗａｓ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ. Ｔａｋｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ ｓｔｉｆｆｎｅｓｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ ｌｏｗ-ｏｒｄｅｒ ｎａｔｕｒａｌ ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｉｃ ｌｏａｄ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｄｙｎａｍｏｍｅｔｅｒ ｃａｂｉｎ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ, ｔｈｅ ｍｕｌｔｉ-ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ｄｅｆｉｎｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｅｃｌｅｃｔｉｃ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｉｎｇ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ａｖｅｒａｇｅ ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｗａｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚｅ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｔｏｐｏｌｏｇｙ, ｔｈｅ ｕｎｉｔ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｄｉａｇｒａｍ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｗａｓ ｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄ, ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｗｅａｋ ｌｉｎｋ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃａｂｉｎ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｗａｓ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｏｕｔ. Ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｉｓ, ｔｈｅ ｃａｂｉｎ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ａｆｔｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｔｏｐｏｌｏｇｙ ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｗａｓ ｒｅａｒｒａｎｇｅｄ, ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌ ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｉｚｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄ. Ｔｈｅ ｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ ｏｆ ｋｅｙ ｓｉｚｅ ｓｔｉｆｆｅｎｅｒｓ ａｎｄ ｓｋｉｎ ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚｅｄ. Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｍａｓｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃａｂｉｎ ａｆｔｅｒ ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ｒｅｄｕｃｅｄ ｂｙ １０. ９％, ｔｈｅ ｆｉｒｓｔ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｎａｔｕｒａｌ ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｅｓ ａｒｅ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ ｂｙ ６. ２％ ~ ７. ８％, ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ ｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ｒｅｄｕｃｅｄ ｂｙ １３. ６％. Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ ｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔ ｓｔｒｅｓｓ ｉｓ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ ｂｙ ２４％,ａｌｌ ｉｎｄｅｘｅｓ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｍｅｅｔ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｓｉｇｎ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃａｂｉｎ,ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ ｉｓ ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ａｉｍｉｎｇ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ｏｆ ｈｉｇｈ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｅｒｒｏｒ ｒａｔｅ ａｎｄ ｌｏｗ ｒｅａｌ-ｔｉｍｅ ｐｅｎｅｔｒａｔｅ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｍｉｃｒｏ-ｃｒａｃｋｓ ｉｎ ｐｌａｔｅ ｈｅａｔ ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｒ ｐｌａｔｅｓ, ｔｈｅ ｉｍａｇｅ ａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎ, ｍｉｃｒｏ-ｃｒａｃｋ ｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｙ, ｒｅｇｉｏｎ ｓｅｇｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ, ｅｄｇｅ ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｆｅａｔｕｒｅ ｑｕａｎｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｗｅｒｅ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ. Ａ ｍｉｃｒｏｃｒａｃｋ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｗａｓ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｍａｃｈｉｎｅ ｖｉｓｉｏｎ. Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｇｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ ｗｈｅｒｅ ｍｉｃｒｏｃｒａｃｋｓ ｍａｙ ｅｘｉｓｔ ｗａｓ ｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｔｈｒｅｓｈｏｌｄ ａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍ. Ｔｈｅ Ｃａｎｎｙ ｏｐｅｒａｔｏｒ ｗａｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｅｘｔｒａｃｔ ｔｈｅ ｍｉｃｒｏｃｒａｃｋｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｇｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ, ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｐａｔｉａｌ ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ ｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓ ａｎｄ ｌｏｃａｌ ｇｒａｙ ｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓ ｏｆ ｅａｃｈ ｒｏｕｇｈ ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｓｕｌｔ ｗｅｒｅ ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄ. Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｆｉｎｅｄ ｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓ, ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｔｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｓｃｒｅｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｏｆ ｅａｃｈ ｒｏｕｇｈ ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｔｏ ｏｂｔａｉｎ ｔｒｕｅ ｍｉｃｒｏｃｒａｃｋｓ. Ｔｈｅ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｗａｓ ｔｅｓｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｉｍａｇｅ ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｆａｃｔｏｒｙ. Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｃａｎ ｍｅｅｔ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ ｏｆ ｎｏ-ｌｅａｋａｇｅ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｌｏｗ ｆａｌｓｅ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ, ａｎｄ ｈａｓ ｒｅａｌ-ｔｉｍｅ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ. Ｉｔ ｈａｓ ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ ｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｖａｌｕｅ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ａｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｍｉｃｒｏ-ｃｒａｃｋｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｌａｔｅ ｈｅａｔ ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｒ ｐｌａｔｅ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the core of photosynthesis, the accurate prediction of maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) is crucial to photosynthetic rate and vegetation productivity. At present, there are many studies which have predicted Vcmax by physiological parameters and spectral data. However, the studies mainly focus on forest, and study on leaf Vcmax of cotton has not been reported. In this experiment, “Guoxinmian 9” was selected as the experimental material, and four nitrogen application levels were set to determine the physiological parameters and leaf reflection spectra of cotton leaves in different growth periods. The relationships were explored between leaf Vcmax and physiological parameters, spectral indexes, and the hyperspectral indexes that could accurately retrieve the leaf Vcmax of cotton were screened out. Then leaf Vcmax estimation models were constructed. The results showed that the leaf Vcmax of cotton was not affected by the level of nitrogen application from the seedling stage to the bud stage due to the nitrogen in the soil without nitrogen fertilizer is enough to ensure that the leaf Vcmax of cotton maintain a high level from the seedling stage to the bud stage. As the growth period progressed, nitrogen became one of the main factors affecting the Vcmax of the leaves, and the correlation between leaf Vcmax and nitrogen content (R2 = 0.717) was higher than that of chlorophyll and leaf mass area. The Vcmax of the leaves had strong correlations with the combination of blue light and red-edge wave band through regression analysis of spectral indexes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using reflectance at 697 and 445 nm, as well as Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) using reflectance at 445 and 694 nm had the best fitting effects, and their values of R² all exceed 0.75. In addition, from the 27 predecessor vegetation indexes, three vegetation indexes with a higher degree of correlation with leaf Vcmax were obtained: Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index(MCARI), Modified Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(mND705), and the absolute value of the correlation coefficient of them were greater than 0.6. Finally, based on physiological parameters and spectral index, the estimation models of leaf Vcmax were established by general linear regression and multiple stepwise regression. The accuracy of the multiple stepwise regression model established by RVI445,694, PRI and mND705 was highest (R² =0.809, RMSE=16.93 μmol/(m²Â·s)), followed by the multiple stepwise regression model established by nitrogen and chlorophyll content in leaves (R² =0.801, RMSE=17.01 μmol/(m²Â·s)). In summary, leaf Vcmax of cotton is more sensitive to leaf nitrogen compared other physiological parameters.The accuracy of the leaf Vcmax estimation model based on leaf spectrum established in this study is higher than that using leaf nitrogen content, chlorophyll and leaf mass area as independent variables, indicating that it is feasible to invert leaf Vcmax through leaf spectrum. It is shown that hyperspectral index can effectively estimate the Vcmax of cotton leaves, and the results can provide support for accurate inversion of leaf Vcmax and assessment of photosynthetic capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]