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Highlights: [•] Severe cases are often observed in patients of 2nd infection with dengue virus. [•] ADE is the hypothesis to explain the mechanism for severe cases 2nd infection. [•] Human monoclonal antibodies to neutralize 1–4 serotypes were prepared. [•] No difference was observed in ADE activities between antibodies from DF and DHF. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Generally, RNA viruses exhibit significant genetic diversity that sometimes effect viral fitness in infected hosts and probably also pathogenesis. Dengue viruses (DENVs) consist of four antigenically distinct serotypes. All the serotypes of DENV can cause mild to severe dengue illnesses. In this study, we examined the sequence variation of DENV in plasma obtained from four patients living in Bangkok who had been secondarily infected with serotype 2 (DENV-2) in 2010. The plasma-derived RNA was directly subjected to reverse transcriptase (RT)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at a region including most of domain III of the envelope (E) protein gene, and the PCR products obtained were subjected to clonal sequencing. Using 19–20 clones sequenced from each patient (78 total) plus 601 corresponding sequences from a public database, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nucleic acid sequences fell into two clusters with clearly different origins. Interestingly, all patients gave sequences indicating that they carried viral populations containing 2, 3 or 5 genetic variants that consisted of one major variant plus one or more minor variants. Three patients showed a major variant from one cluster plus one or more minor components from the other while one showed major and minor variants from a single cluster. Thus, it can be concluded that DENV belonging to two different genetic lineages were co-circulated in Bangkok in 2010. For these two genotype clusters there was also a clear difference in H or Y at the deduced amino acid position 346 (i.e. H346Y) that was consistent for our sequences and 601 sequences from the public database. Thus, one among the mixed viral genotypes introduced into human individuals seems to be variably selected as the predominant component of the carried viral population, and it is possible that the dynamics of this process could influence virus evolution and disease severity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]