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Cultural safety is increasingly recognised as imperative to delivering accessible and acceptable healthcare for First Nations Peoples within Australia and in similar colonised countries. A literature review undertaken to inform the inaugural Caring for Australians with Renal Insufficiency (CARI) guidelines for clinically and culturally safe kidney care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples revealed a timeline of the emergence of culturally safe kidney care in Australia. Thirty years ago, kidney care literature was purely biomedically focused, with culture, family and community viewed as potential barriers to patient 'compliance' with treatment. The importance of culturally informed care was increasingly recognised in the mid‐1990s, with cultural safety within kidney care specifically cited from 2014 onwards. The emergence timeline is discussed in this paper in relation to the five principles of cultural safety developed by Māori nurse Irihapeti Ramsden in Aotearoa/New Zealand. These principles are critical reflection, communication, minimising power differences, decolonisation and ensuring one does not demean or disempower. For the kidney care workforce, culturally safe care requires ongoing critical reflection, deep active listening skills, decolonising approaches and the eradication of institutional racism. Cultural safety is the key to truly working in partnership, increasing Indigenous Governance, respectful collaboration and redesigning kidney care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. The aim of farm-systems research is to test concepts in a holistic context that enables results to be as applicable as possible to commercial farmers. A downside of such research has been that it can take several seasons to be confident in the consistency of the outcomes and interpretation of the results. Scientists are often reluctant to communicate outcomes until they have clear conclusions, which conflicts with farmers' desire to see rapid answers and engage with research. Aims. This paper reviews a 3-year farm-systems research project investigating flexible milking strategies for New Zealand dairy farmers. The aims of this paper are to (1) examine the impact of real-time science communication in achieving farm system change, and (2) develop a framework for science communication and engagement in adaptive farm-systems research. Methods. The project involved farmer interviews, a farmlet experiment, a component experiment, partner farms, modelling, and a farmer reference group. We use data from sources such as e-newsletter engagement, webinar participation, web-page engagement, presentation attendance, and farmer feedback to collect insights on the impact of the project. Key results. The analysis highlighted that farmers do not always seek complete information and will follow a project as it evolves, particularly when it is highly topical. We propose a framework for delivering adaptive farm systems research and communication. The framework includes the critical aspects for real-time farm-systems research: credible evidence, rapid results, inclusion of farmer voices, meaningful outcomes, flexible communication channels, iterative feedback loops, and adaptable research design. Conclusion. Farm-systems research can be designed to communicate results to farmers as a project develops, while simultaneously using the engagement with farmers to refine the direction of the research. Implications. This framework can guide scientists leading multi-year farm systems projects to design, implement, and communicate the project outcomes to improve farmer engagement and adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication and literacy development of young children is shaped by the nature of social and cultural relationships in everyday situations. Few studies, however, have explored early story experiences encountered by infants and toddlers in naturalistic settings. We argue that personal stories about everyday lived experiences are a vital context for considering how toddlers develop communicative competencies as they participate in these stories within their families and communities. The paper presents selected findings from a qualitative study underpinned by a broad theoretical view of story embedded in a sociocultural, participatory framework. We contend that stories are collaborative, social endeavours in which intersubjectivity is accomplished collectively and multimodally. Evidence is offered of the communicative process enacted by 1-year-old Lexie, her parent, teacher and peers, as they shared meaning together in a personal story about eating lunch. Lexie and her family were participants in a wider study of the story experiences of 1-year-old toddlers, within and across their family home and early childhood settings, in a culturally diverse community of Aotearoa New Zealand. Drawing on multimodal ethnography and video data, findings illustrate how Lexie and her family, teacher and peers actively participated together in the weaving of a shared personal story using verbal, visual and kinaesthetic forms of communication. The study contributes to the field of early childhood literacy by providing unique insights into the potential of everyday personal stories as a valuable context for exploring ways children's communicative competencies are developed through relationships in family and community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is about practice, rather than research, and shows how a complex systems engineering project was done. The project was unique, involving a problem never before investigated, namely, to find the difference in occupational safety of a train driver between being alone in a locomotive cab and having an accompanying assistant. The project used a systems methodology discussed elsewhere. It required understanding the overall New Zealand Rail system and ensuring the objective was clear. A strategy was developed based on a set of system principles. Fault trees gave accident probabilities, from which relative values of Fatal Accident Frequency Rates were computed. As a practical simplification, detailed analysis was confined to a limited part of the overall rail system which could be taken as representative of the whole. Care was taken to treat input information as a whole rather than as separate unconnected items, emphasising information quality, which varied depending on type and source. Major points were the importance of (a) a clear and coherent strategy including careful system decomposition, (b) having a body of information of high and consistent quality, (c) fostering clarity and transparency in communication, and (d) having – and learning – good communication skills. This work is part of a Special Issue on Systems Perspectives: Clarity through Examples (see Dias 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically there is a strong, amiable and mutually respectful relationship between Australian and New Zealand obstetricians and gynaecologists (O&Gs) and the British O&G establishment represented by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). The 'Royal' prefix pays homage to this relationship. With the evolution of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG), there have been suggestions that the Royal prefix no longer accurately reflects the raison d'être and aspirations of RANZCOG. This paper will explore the arguments in favour and against dropping the Royal prefix from RANZCOG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of research in psycholinguistics, corpus linguistics, and sociolinguistics shows that we have a strong tendency to repeat linguistic material that we have recently produced, seen, or heard. The present paper investigates whether priming effects manifest in continuous phonetic variation the way it has been reported in phonological, morphological, and syntactic variation. We analyzed nearly 60,000 tokens of vowels involved in the New Zealand English short front vowel shift (SFVS), a change in progress in which trap / dress move in the opposite direction to kit, from a topic-controlled corpus of monologues (166 speakers), to test for effects that are characteristic of priming phenomena: repetition, decay, and lexical boost. Our analysis found evidence for all three effects. Tokens that were relatively high and front tended to be followed by tokens that were also high and front; the repetition effect weakened with greater time between the prime and target; and the repetition effect was stronger if the prime and target belonged to (different tokens of) the same word. Contrary to our expectations, however, the cross-vowel effects suggest that the repetition effect responded not to the direction of vowel changes within the SFVS, but rather the peripherality of the tokens. We also found an interaction between priming behavior and gender, with stronger repetition effects among men than women. While these findings both indicate that priming manifests in continuous phonetic variation and provide further evidence that priming is among the factors providing structure to intraspeaker variation, they also challenge unitary accounts of priming phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crisis intervention services for people experiencing psychological distress and suicidal ideation are frequently described by the people accessing them as failing to meet their needs. This paper reports a prominent finding from a realist evaluation of Taranaki Retreat—a charitable, non‐clinical organisation in New Zealand, which offers free respite for people experiencing acute distress. Using qualitative methods, the study aimed to move beyond vague notions regarding the helpfulness of respite, to a deeper understanding of the contextual factors and mechanisms which generate outcomes for such an intervention. Participant observation, focus groups with staff, semi‐structured interviews with service users, and analysis of service users' case notes were conducted over a six‐month period in 2018. The most prominent finding from the study related to 'genuine care'—care which is interpreted by the recipient as being motivated by a genuine desire to help. We present this finding as to the central mechanism in a wider programme theory developed through the realist evaluation study. We also present five key features of the care participants were offered at Taranaki Retreat which contributed to their common interpretation regarding the motivations behind this care. Upon considering the centrality of this mechanism we conclude that, in designing crisis interventions, greater consideration should be given to how the intervention can demonstrate genuine care. Having highlighted the ways in which the structure of charitable organisations appears conducive for interpretations of genuine care, we further conclude that the provision of comprehensive crisis intervention by charitable organisations should be further explored and supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable, healthy families are the loto or heart of strong Pacific communities. This paper addresses the problem of a decline in the strength of Pacific families. It introduces and discusses the Tongan concept of O'ofaki , as the way in which shared, core relational commitments can bring Pasifika peoples together to support one another for health and community development. This process is based on a reciprocal sharing of social capital to promote cultural solidarity and social justice. We describe two studies by the lead author, through which the concept of O'ofaki emerged. The first study utilized an action research model while the second study focused on two Pasifika-centric research approaches: talanga , which is a Tongan word for interactive talking for a purpose, and the kakala (Tongan garland) research approach. The latter approach is incorporated within a general inductive methodology as well as luva— the dissemination of the results. Finally, the paper focuses on the components of O'ofaki and its application to Pasifika communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many countries, an increasing proportion of deaths occur in residential aged care (RAC) (nursing homes) meaning that these have become both a place to live - a home- and a place to die. This paper reports on death practices and rituals in 49 RAC facilities in Aotearoa/New Zealand narrated in semi-structured interviews with staff. Themes coalesced around 'good death'. Dying alone was not seen as a good death and the demands of trying to prevent this caused tension for staff. Meeting family wishes, post death decision-making, after death practices and rituals, including communicating and remembrance of the death, were explored as part of good death. Overall, death rituals in RAC were limited. Balancing the needs of the living, the dying and the dead created tension. The rituals and practices facilities are currently enacting in death/post-death require attention, since more people will die in RAC with increasingly diverse needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature regarding nurses' experiences of caring for chronically critically ill (CCI) patients is scant, however, there are subtleties within the literature, identifying nurses are often challenged providing care to this patient group. This can lead to feeling frustrated, lack of control, and distress. Aims and objectives: As part of a larger study, this paper reports nurses' experiences of caring for patients during a prolonged critical illness in the intensive care unit (ICU). Design A longitudinal, qualitative, instrumental, multi‐case study consisting of six cases from four New Zealand ICUs was conducted. Theoretical underpinnings were informed by the Chronic Illness Trajectory Framework. The principles of consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research were applied in reporting the methods and findings. Methods: Patients, family members, nurses, and other health care professionals constituted the participant groups in the larger body of work. Data were collected from observations, conversations, interviews, and document review. Data were analysed by identifying themes, developing vignettes, and trajectory mapping. Results: Nurses' experiences of caring for CCI patients in the ICU can be framed by a prolonged critical illness trajectory that is unpredictable, problematic, and prolonged. Nurses experienced distress in one of the phases in the trajectory because of uncertainty about a positive outcome for the patient related to multiple complications, with anxiety, delirium, and the suffering they witnessed. Nurses were frustrated and challenged to meet all the patient's needs because of the many tasks they needed to complete over the shift. Conclusion: Understanding the trajectory of a prolonged critical illness from the perspective of nurses, allows for challenges to be identified and is the first step in improving practice through the education of nurses. Relevance to clinical practice: Understanding the challenges posed by caring for CCI patients will assist in improving their interactions and prioritizing their care for nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Repeat Question Diary method involves research participants audio-recording many answers to a single question. This article investigates some of the features of the method that are relevant to the study of mobile practices. Particularly, the method encourages participant reflection and the paper argues that this can facilitate the study of mobile practices through enabling participants to notice and analyse previously taken-for-granted, pre-conscious, or corporeal aspects of their practices. The paper also explores the use of audio-recording in diary research and argues that audio-diaries can facilitate participant expression, particularly of emotions, and can avoid the stifling effects of self-editing in written diaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Palliative care is insufficiently integrated in the continuum of care for older people. It is unclear to what extent healthcare policy for older people includes elements of palliative care and thus supports its integration. Aim: (1) To develop a reference framework for identifying palliative care contents in policy documents; (2) to determine inclusion of palliative care in public policy documents on healthcare for older people in 13 rapidly ageing countries. Design: Directed documentary analysis of public policy documents (legislation, policies/strategies, guidelines, white papers) on healthcare for older people. Using existing literature, we developed a reference framework and data extraction form assessing 10 criteria of palliative care inclusion. Country experts identified documents and extracted data. Setting: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, England, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain. Results: Of 139 identified documents, 50 met inclusion criteria. The most frequently addressed palliative care elements were coordination and continuity of care (12 countries), communication and care planning, care for family, and ethical and legal aspects (11 countries). Documents in 10 countries explicitly mentioned palliative care, nine addressed symptom management, eight mentioned end-of-life care, and five referred to existing palliative care strategies (out of nine that had them). Conclusions: Health care policies for older people need revising to include reference to end-of-life care and dying and ensure linkage to existing national or regional palliative care strategies. The strong policy focus on care coordination and continuity in policies for older people is an opportunity window for palliative care advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, a growing burden of health and social issues now affect young people. Interagency collaboration and the "integration" of health and social care services are advocated to address the increasingly complex needs of at‐risk youth and to reduce barriers to accessing care. In New Zealand, Youth‐One‐Stop‐Shops (YOSSs) provide integrated health and social care to young people with complex needs. Little is known about how YOSSs facilitate collaborative care. This study explored the collaboration between YOSSs and external agencies between 2015 and 2017 using a multiple case study method. This paper reports qualitative focus group and individual interview data from two of four case sites including six YOSS staff and 14 external agency staff. Results showed participants regarded collaboration as critical to the successful care of high needs young people and were positive about working together. They believed YOSSs provided effective wraparound collaborative care and actively facilitated communication between diverse agencies on behalf of young people. The main challenges participants faced when working together related to the different "world views" and cultures of agencies which can run contrary to collaborative practice. Despite this, some highly collaborative relationships were apparent and staff in the different agencies perceived YOSSs had a lead role in co‐ordinating collaborative care and were genuinely valued and trusted. However without the YOSS involvement, collaboration between agencies in relation to young people was less frequent and rarely went beyond limited information exchange. Establishing and maintaining trusting interpersonal relationships with individual staff was key to successfully negotiating agency differences. The study confirms that collaboration when caring for young people with high needs is complex and challenging, yet agencies from diverse sectors value collaboration and see the YOSS integrated wraparound approach as an important model of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well documented that Health care assistants (HCAs) provide the most hands‐on care to residents in aged care facilities, and play a critical role in the provision of care to dementia residents. Over the last 25 years, a philosophy of person‐centred care has become the preferred approach to care and this has meant that HCAs are encouraged to get to know the resident very well. This paper reports the experiences of HCAs in caring for people at end‐of‐life, identifies the skills required for their work and examines the education provided against these skills. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in 49 facilities (n = 34) across New Zealand and data analysed thematically, with the aim of critically examining the adequacy of education for health care assistants which meets their needs within a person‐centred environment. The results confirm that the skills include traditional tasks of care (showering, feeding, toileting, and dressing) but the increasingly important communication and de‐escalation skills, both verbal and non‐verbal, have become central to their care skills. Education provided has not sufficiently shifted focus to include these more complex skills. Provision of educations that acknowledges the increased complexities of their role needs to be provided. As well, facilities need to be challenged to reconsider the HCA's position in the facility care tem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents findings from a study exploring the nurses' experience of caring for adults with intellectual disability and mental health issues in inpatient settings. Semi structured interviews were undertaken with 13 nurses from various regions of New Zealand. Methods suggested by an Appreciative Inquiry methodology were used to explore the nurses' positive experiences of their role. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using open coding and Leximancer (an online data mining tool) analysis to identify dominant themes in the discourse. Analysis revealed themes around 'Contextualising behaviour', 'Communication', 'Confidence to care' and 'Time'. Participants reflected upon their experiences offering personal interpretations in identifying the aspects of nursing that mattered and that worked. What is shown is that nurses were able to describe a range of creative and adaptive ways of nursing in responding to numerous complex factors they faced in their roles. This suggests a strong foundation on which to advance nursing care in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This paper reports research undertaken to investigate nurses' and parents' experiences of communication about parental emotions in a hospital setting, with a focus on the environmental and cultural context within which the communication occurs.Methods: A focused ethnography was employed as the aims were to understand the context within which nurse-parent interaction takes place, by exploring cultural factors, such as ways of living affecting nursing communication. Data collection occurred in a children's unit of a New Zealand hospital, involving 260h of participant observation field work, informal interviews with parents and nurses, followed by 20 formal interviews with nurses and parents.Results: Nurses are cultural brokers, with the potential to be a link between the insider culture, the hospital and the outside, the parents. Parents look to nurses for cultural brokerage, to help them cross the strong cultural boundaries present in a hospital unit.Conclusion: The context and culture of a hospital unit influences nurse-parent communication. There is a disconnection between parents' emotional needs in hospital and nurses' ability to meet those needs.Practice Implications: Nurses must be supported to provide effective cultural brokerage for parents. Unit managers need to acknowledge that meeting parents' diverse needs is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study described the relations of parents' and teachers' beliefs and attitudes to forms of parents' involvement in children's first two years of primary school. Parents of children in their first year of primary school (age 5) were recruited from 12 classrooms within four schools in New Zealand; 196 families participated in their child's first year, and 124 families continued to participate in their child's second school year. Parents completed the Family-Involvement Questionnaire, New Zealand, and we archivally collected parent-documented children's oral reading homework. Teachers' rated helpfulness of parents' involvement at school (level 2) and parents' rated teacher invitations to be involved and their perceived time and energy (level 1) contributed to school-based involvement in Year 1 in multilevel models, with parents' rated teacher invitations for involvement also found to predict Year 1 home-school communication in regression analyses. Contributors to Year 1 child-parent reading in multilevel models included level 1 predictors of two or more adults in the home and parents' perceived time and energy. Longitudinal analyses suggested both consistency and change in each form of involvement from Year 1 to Year 2, with increases in each form of involvement found to be associated with increases in parents' and/or teachers' views about involvement in Year 2 in cross-sectional time-series analyses. Implications for schools wanting to engage families are that parents' involvement in children's schooling may be influenced by parents' perceptions of their capacity, teachers' engagement efforts, and the school's climate for involvement. This is a special issue paper “Family Engagement in Education and Intervention”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Decreasing oral intake is common towards the end of life and a potential source of distress and concern for patients, relatives, whānau and clinicians. This paper provides insight to inform practice regarding clinicians' perceptions, practices, responses and communication with patients and their companions regarding declining oral intake towards the end of life. Methods: In this qualitative study ten specialist palliative care staff participated in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings: Three themes were identified: declining oral intake was a natural part of the dying process; responding empathetically; and clinicians described specific aims and ways regarding communication. Conclusion: Insight into clinicians' endeavours to manage declining oral intake and support the wellbeing of patients, families, and whānau can inform practice. However the perspectives of family, whānau and health professionals continue to show significant variation regarding the communication given and received around declining oral intake towards the end of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing interest in English-speaking jurisdictions, including Australia, North America, Canada, the United Kingdom and New Zealand, about the prevention of sexual abuse perpetrated by children against other children. The aim of this review was to identify opportunities for research, policy and practice which could enhance the prevention agenda relating to the perpetration of sexual abuse by children through conducting a Critical Interpretive Synthesis. Eleven electronic databases were searched in the period from 22 April to 23 May 2013 and included: SocINDEX, Social Services Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, Project Muse, PsychINFO, Family and Society Plus, Jstor, Expanded Academic ASAP, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Key individual journals were also searched, including Child Abuse and Neglect and the Journal of Interpersonal Violence, as well as the grey literature. The search was guided by the research question: How could the prevention agenda relating to sexual abuse perpetrated by children be enhanced? The systematic literature search yielded 3323 titles, and 34 of these papers were included in the final synthesis. The authors identified five domains operating in the evidence base: characteristics, causes, communications, interventions and treatments. A synthesising construct emerged from the review: prevention-enhancing interactions. This construct referred to the potential for enhancing the prevention agenda which exists as the evidence domains interact with one another, and with the public health model of prevention. The authors consider this review to be a timely contribution to the current agenda pertaining to sexual abuse perpetrated by children. It provides researchers, policy makers and practitioners in the field with an evidence-informed conceptualisation of opportunities for enhancing prevention work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

cook c. (2012) Email interviewing: generating data with a vulnerable population. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(6), 1330-1339. Abstract Aims. This paper describes online recruitment and the email interviewing data collection method with women diagnosed with a viral sexually transmitted infection. The paper highlights the advantages of the method to researchers and participants when conducting research where face-to-face participation may difficult. Background. Online recruitment and in-depth email interviewing have been used by only a small number of nurses internationally. The method enables inclusion of people who might otherwise be excluded from research, for reasons such as geographical distance, incompatible time frames, clinicians''gate-keeping' and participants' desire for anonymity for physical or emotional reasons. Methods. In-depth email interviews were conducted with 26 women in New Zealand, United States of America, Canada and England who had a diagnosis of either human papilloma virus or genital herpes simplex virus. Data were collected during 2007-2008 and analysed using a poststructuralist, feminist thematic analysis. Results. Participant retention was high. Women emphasized satisfaction with the process. Asynchronous interviews allowed for additional reflexivity in the researcher's responses and rich data generation. Conclusion. This method has the potential to enable nurses to include vulnerable and relatively inaccessible participants in 'sensitive' research. In-depth email interviews may generate rich data through a process participants deem to be of personal value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an attempt at effecting change with specific relevance to the discharge planning of clients from a New Zealand inpatient mental health unit to a community setting. It explores how a team of community mental health nurses, practising in an urban/rural area, used the concepts of practice development to endeavour to bring about change while still retaining a client-centred focus. However, in their enthusiasm, they embarked on the road to practice change without undertaking some of the essential ground work. Nevertheless, although they did not achieve all they set out to achieve, they learned much in the process. In this paper, the authors outline their key learning points concerning the importance of engagement, communication, consistency and cooperation to the process and outcomes of practice change. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papers presented at the 2003 conference of HERDSA (Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia) proposed guidelines for change and innovation in higher education. This paper empirically studied these guidelines in the ICT environment of an institution. We explored change and innovation outputs by ICT staff at ITPs (Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics), aspects of the environment in which ICT staff work and the leadership of that environment. It appears that the particular environment does not emphasize change and innovation that one would typically expect of the ICT environments. Staff perceptions indicate that change and innovation are not highly emphasized and visibly lead by management. We advise on ways that leadership could create this environment. Empirically study of the organization for change and innovation by ICT staff will require further development of instruments that considers the observations made in this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Speech and language therapists can improve the quality of life of people receiving palliative care through the management of communication and swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). However, their role in this domain is poorly defined and little is understood about the current international professional practice in this field. Aims: To examine how speech and language therapists perceive their role in the delivery of palliative care to clients, to discover current international speech and language therapist practices and to explore the similarities and differences in speech and language therapists’ practice in palliative care internationally. This will inform professional clinical guidelines and practice in this area.Design:Anonymous, non-experimental, cross-sectional survey design.Participants:Speech and language therapists working with adult and paediatric palliative care populations in Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand where the speech and language therapist profession is well established. Method: Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants internationally using gatekeepers. An online survey was disseminated using Survey Monkey (http://www.surveymonkey.com). Results: A total of 322 speech and language therapists responded to the survey. Speech and language therapist practices in palliative care were similar across continents. Current speech and language therapist practices along with barriers and facilitators to practice were identified. The need for a speech and language therapist professional position paper on this topic was emphasised by respondents. Conclusion: Internationally, speech and language therapists believe they have a role in palliative care. The speech and language therapist respondents highlighted that this area of practice is under-resourced, under-acknowledged and poorly developed. They highlighted the need for additional research as well as specialist training and education for speech and language therapists and other multidisciplinary team members in the area of palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on the findings of the qualitative phase of a New Zealand longitudinal study on vulnerable young people’s transitions to adulthood. The young people were aged between 12 and 17 years at the time of the first interview. The paper focuses on one key finding, how youth enact agency through their relationships with significant others: families, social workers, teachers and care workers. These youth had experienced sustained exposure to harm including abuse, violence, addictions, disengagement from school and mental health issues. The qualitative interviews focused on young people’s experiences with services (child welfare, juvenile justice, mental health and education support services) their key transitions, and the strategies they used to locate support and resources. The thematic analysis of the interviews indicated that a search for agency was a central motif in young people’s experiences. This was reflected in three thematic clusters: making sense of the world, having a voice and acting on the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper incorporates peer researchers from refugee backgrounds to deconstruct their experiences of conducting interviews and focus groups with refugee communities in a post-disaster environment in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. The associated dynamics illustrate the contextual intricacies of recruitment, building relationships, the politics of interpreting and engaging with people’s lived experiences in respectful and safe ways. The peer researchers’ experiences highlight several methodological and ethical complexities to critically examine the role of ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’ as a continuum when working in post-disaster contexts with culturally and linguistically diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Diabetes is a major health issue for individuals and for health services. There is a considerable literature on the management of diabetes and also on communication in primary care consultations. However, few studies combine these two topics and specifically in relation to nurse communication. This paper describes the nature of nurse-patient communication in diabetes management. Methods: Thirty-five primary health care consultations involving 18 patients and 10 nurses were video-recorded as part of a larger multi-site study tracking health care interactions between health professionals and patients who were newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Patients and nurses were interviewed separately at the end of the 6-month study period and asked to describe their experience of managing diabetes. The analysis used ethnography and interaction analysis. In addition to analysis of the recorded consultations and interviews, the number of consultations for each patient and total time spent with nurses and other health professionals were quantified and compared. Results: This study showed that initial consultations with nurses often incorporated completion of extensive checklists, physical examination, referral to other health professionals and distribution of written material, and were typically longer than consultations with other health professionals. The consultations were driven more by the nurses' clinical agenda than by what the patient already knew or wanted to know. Interactional analysis showed that protocols and checklists both help and hinder the communication process. This contradictory outcome was also evident at a health systems level: although organisational targets may have been met, the patient did not always feel that their priorities were attended to. Both nurses and patients reported a sense of being overwhelmed arising from the sheer volume of information exchanged along with a mismatch in expectations. Conclusions: Conscientious nursing work was evident but at times misdirected in terms of optimal use of time. The misalignment of patient expectations and clinical protocols highlights a common dilemma in clinical practice and raises questions about the best ways to balance the needs of individuals with the needs of a health system. Video- recording can be a powerful tool for reflection and peer review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in New Zealand (NZ) the number of people requiring pre-dialysis care is increasing. Pre-dialysis nurses play a central role in the delivery of this care. This paper describes and discusses what pre-dialysis nurses perceive to be key influences on effective pre-dialysis nursing care in NZ. It is based on findings from a wider qualitative study that interviewed the majority of NZ pre-dialysis nurses. Following inductive data analysis four main influences were identified. They were: having time from referral to commencement of renal replacement therapy (RRT) to provide adequate education and support; having good access to cultural and other supports and an understanding of differing cultural views of health; the importance of good inter-professional relationships; and support from nursing management and doctors to advance professionally. With the knowledge of the projected increase in patients with CKD, we argue that it is important to ensure the positive aspects of these influences are enhanced in order to ensure effective pre-dialysis nursing care, nurse satisfaction and professional advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the use of communication strategies to promote the social acceptance of science. It considers how gender and ethnicity are being constructed in science promotion and marketing, and discusses the intersections of knowledge, colonization and commercialization in science discourses. We critically assess a series of advertisements, posters, and news media articles published in Aotearoa New Zealand during 2000–2009, a period of significant political controversy and conflict over public investment in science and technology. We highlight the representation of women, indigenous peoples and the natural world in communication strategies aimed at mitigating public concerns about controversial technologies such as genetic engineering (GE) and nanotechnology. Adopting a critical discourse approach, we consider both images and words as political text. We illustrate how gender, ethnicity and nature are appropriated, constituted and reconstituted in an attempt to collapse the divide between the powerful world of science and the realm of everyday life. These communication strategies contribute to and are constitutive of the social relations of technology. They draw on deeply rooted social archetypes to re-present a politically constructed image of science to defined audiences, notably to those with the most concerns about its potential effects. In a socio-political context characterized by continuing civic challenges to the representation and rationale of modern science, such strategies represent an increasingly influential dimension in the framing and governance of emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wellington City Libraries has used a variety of methods of initiating and maintaining contact with youth. 13 to 18 year olds are notorious for being a difficult user group especially in getting them engaged in libraries and convincing them how relevant today's libraries are for them. Over the last few years different methods of communication, engagement and entertainment to connect with Wellington's youth have been tried. Edited version of a paper presented at '12 to 24s @ your public library in Australia and New Zealand conference' Qld 11-12 June 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the development of institutional repositories in New Zealand, exploring factors affecting the adoption and success of institutional repositories from the perspective of the library managers who established them, and from the perspective of the academic community. Design/methodology/approach – Data from a series of interviews with library managers are compared with the findings from a randomised national survey of academics. Findings – The responses of the library managers suggest that they are positive about the value of their institutional repository, and the progress made towards recruiting content for it. Data from the survey of academics indicate that academics have been slow to embrace the concept of institutional repositories, and show little interest in using repositories for increasing the accessibility of their own work, or to access the work of others. The number of deposits remains low, mirroring patterns throughout the world, and subject or disciplinary repositories appear to have greater value to the academic community. Practical implications – The future long-term sustainability of institutional repositories depends on gaining a stronger commitment from the academic community, or developing different goals, against which their success might be measured. Originality/value – The study is the first random survey of academic staff across all disciplines, and an entire country, and the findings have a very high level of generalisability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because New Zealand English (NZE) developed sufficiently recently, sound recordings are available from the first generation of New Zealand born speakers. Some of these recordings are held in the Mobile Unit (MU) archive in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Canterbury and have been analysed by the Origins of New Zealand English Project (ONZE). This paper shows how the speakers from the MU archive have enabled the story of New Zealand English to be told considerably more accurately than would have been possible had only written sources of information been available. The sorts of infor mation about NZE that can be gleaned from written sources is discussed as well as the historical context in which NZE developed. Key results from the analyses of the MU archive are presented together with an indication of the way in which this archive has enabled factors that affected the development of NZE to be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This article presents findings from a prospective, longitudinal cohort educational study investigating empathy communication in clinical consultations. It reports on changes in students' self-report empathy during medical undergraduate training, investigates how well peers can assess student competence in motivational interviewing/brief interventions (MI/BI) skills and explores the relationship between students' self-report empathy and peer- or tutor-assessments of competence. Methods: 72 medical students completed the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy at three time points: at the beginning of their fifth year medical training (Time 1), after a specific MI/BI training session during their fifth year medical training (Time 2) and 1 year later during a revision session in year 6. Competence in BI/MI consultation was assessed using the validated tool Behaviour Change Counselling Index. Results: A significant decline in medical students' empathy scores was observed from year 5 to year 6, consistent with international findings. Peer assessments and tutor ratings of competence in MI/BI skills performance were moderately correlated, but peer assessments were negatively correlated with medical students' self-rated empathy. Senior medical students who self-rated as more empathic received lower competence evaluations of MI/BI skills from their peers. Interventions to further investigate teaching and learning of empathy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]