9,838 results on '"UNEMPLOYMENT"'
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2. The comparative political economy of job creation: European growth and employment models.
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Herrero, Daniel and Cardenas, Luis
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Recent studies within Comparative Political Economy have sought to identify European growth models by analysing the relationships between the institutional framework, income distribution and aggregate demand. This paper contributes to this debate by examining the strategy for unemployment reduction and the sectoral drivers of output and employment growth as core parts of any growth model. We propose a new analytical framework that focuses on three aspects of the economy: (1) the drivers of demand growth, (2) the determinants of the evolution of unemployment through Okun's law and (3) the sectoral patterns of output and employment creation. This approach, which considers both supply and demand aspects, is applied to the cases of Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany and Sweden before and after the 2008 crisis, and has the potential to refine the taxonomy of European growth models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Can a work-readiness program mitigate unemployment scarring: the case of a co-operative education job market.
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Ademuyiwa, Idris, Drewery, David, and Fannon, Anne-Marie
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COOPERATIVE education , *LABOR market , *UNDEREMPLOYMENT , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *EDUCATION marketing - Abstract
Using a two-year-long longitudinal dataset that follows co-operative education (co-op) students’ employment situations, this paper examines how unemployment in the first scheduled co-op work term is associated with un(der)employment in subsequent work terms. Drawing from unemployment scarring theory, the paper also investigates the role of a work-readiness intervention in reversing the potentially negative consequences of unemployment in the first scheduled co-op work term. The results suggest that unemployment in the first co-op work term is associated with underemployment in a subsequent work term. Compared to those who were employed in their first scheduled work term, students who were initially unemployed were just as likely to be employed in their second work term, but they got jobs later, were in jobs with lower seniority, and were paid less than expected. By the third scheduled work term, employment and underemployment were similar between all groups, except that initially employed students continued to earn more, suggesting an earnings penalty for initial unemployment that is consistent with unemployment scarring theory. Critically, participation in a work-readiness intervention reversed this narrative. Intervention participants did better than their unemployed peers in subsequent work terms, and their employment situation was more like that of the initially employed students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Influencing Factors and a Predictive Nomogram of Frailty in Chinese Patients with Cancer: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study.
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Yang, Zhihui, Luo, Yuanyuan, Luo, Jiahui, Fang, Qinghong, Miao, Jingxia, Zhang, Lili, and Kalhori, Mohammad Reza
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RISK assessment , *PUBLIC hospitals , *PREDICTION models , *RESEARCH funding , *T-test (Statistics) , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *PARENTERAL feeding , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *FRAIL elderly , *CANCER patient medical care , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *CANCER patients , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MANN Whitney U Test , *CHI-squared test , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *VEGETARIANISM , *MEDICAL records , *ACQUISITION of data , *STATISTICS , *DATA analysis software , *TUMOR classification , *REGRESSION analysis , *PHYSICAL activity - Abstract
Objective. The number of cancer survivors is increasing, and the high prevalence of frailty not only reduces quality of life but also affects the treatment of cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of frailty in cancer patients and to construct a nomogram to predict the probability of frailty. Methods. Nine hundred fifty‐eight cancer patients were included in this retrospective study, randomly divided into a development set (n = 680) and a validation set (n = 278). Frailty was assessed using the Tilburg frailty indicator (TFI). Social support, medical coping styles, and psychological distress were assessed by the Social Support Self‐Rating Scale (SSRS), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and distress thermometer (DT), respectively. Results. The prevalence of frailty in cancer patients was 45.93%. Cancer patients who exercised regularly, ate a balanced diet, and actively coped with diseases were less likely to become frail. The risk factors for frailty identified by a multivariate analysis were parenteral nutrition, advanced TNM staging, vegetarian diet, unemployment, psychological distress ≥4, low physical activity, and negative coping styles. These risk factors were used to construct a nomogram, and the C‐index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the performance of the nomogram. The C‐index was 0.762, and the calibration curve showed satisfactory coherence. The net benefit of the nomogram was better between threshold probabilities of 17%–96% in DCA. Conclusion. Special focus needs to be placed on frail cancer patients due to their high prevalence and severe outcomes. Clinical medical workers could use this nomogram to identify high‐risk patients and intervene early to prevent frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Feasibility of Clients of Community Health Workers from Minority Low‐Income Communities as Research Participants.
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Obasanjo, Iyabo, Jackson, Shanteny, Carrington, Stephanie, Akkaladevi, Somasheker, and Shweta Kalyani, Kumari
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HEALTH services accessibility , *CROSS-sectional method , *PUBLIC housing , *NONPROFIT organizations , *RESEARCH funding , *T-test (Statistics) , *ACADEMIC medical centers , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *AFRICAN Americans , *DIVERSITY & inclusion policies , *AT-risk people , *HUMAN research subjects , *SOCIOECONOMIC status , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *PROBABILITY theory , *VACCINATION , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *HEALTH insurance , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *INTERVIEWING , *PILOT projects , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *COVID-19 vaccines , *ODDS ratio , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *BLACK people , *STATISTICS , *MINORITIES , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *EMPLOYEE selection , *COVID-19 pandemic , *SOCIAL classes , *COVID-19 - Abstract
The increased funding provided for Community Health Worker (CHW) hiring and training as part of the COVID‐19 pandemic response was to increase their impact in alleviating the effects of negative social determinants of health in the lives of the most vulnerable individuals and communities. This enhanced use of CHW in vulnerable populations can also be used to improve access to such populations for applied research to study ways to improve health outcomes for low‐income minority populations. We carried out a feasibility study using the State CHW association as partners to reach CHWs working with low‐income minority population. Three hundred and three (303) clients of CHWs were interviewed on various demographic, health access, and employment information and both univariate and multivariate analyses was used to determine factors associated with being unvaccinated against COVID‐19 and chi‐squared used to determine if employment was associated with having health insurance. About half of the clients self‐identified as Black/African American and half as Hispanic. Two‐thirds were women and 52.1% were unemployed and 55.1% had no health insurance. There was no association between employment status and having health insurance. Majority (71.6%) had received one dose of a type of COVID‐19 vaccine and being younger and being African American were associated with not getting a dose of COVID‐19 vaccine, as well as being unemployed and not having health insurance. Most of the clients came to see the CHW about a Health/Healthcare issue of the five social determinants of health (SDOH). There were 38 different job titles provided by the clients and the job titles were mainly blue collar jobs and jobs in health and personal care. Our results indicate that CHWs reach the most vulnerable population who have limited health access and high unemployment and that CHWs can effectively be used for linkage to low‐income minority population for applied research. Our analyses found that in this low‐income population, being younger, being African American, being unemployed, and not having health insurance are each associated with not getting vaccinated against COVID‐19, and employment is not associated with having health insurance. We have shown that partnership with CHWs to access their clients as research subjects leads to elucidating new information on the population that can be used in addressing public health programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Progress Toward Achieving National HIV/AIDS Strategy Goals for Quality of Life Among Persons Aged ≥50 Years with Diagnosed HIV -- Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2017--2023.
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Beer, Linda, Yunfeng Tie, Crim, Stacy M., Weiser, John, Taussig, Jennifer, Craw, Jason A., Buchacz, Kate A., Dobbs, Ashanté, Collins Jr., Charles B., Johnston, Marie E., De Los Reyes, Andrew, Gelaude, Deborah, Hughes, Kamal, Desamu-Thorpe, Rodel, and Prejean, Joseph
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QUALITY of life , *HIV-positive persons , *MENTAL health services , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *FOOD security , *HOMELESSNESS - Abstract
Ensuring good quality of life (QoL) among persons with diagnosed HIV (PWH) is a priority of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS), which established 2025 goals for improving QoL. Goals are monitored through five indicators: self-rated health, unmet needs for mental health services, unemployment, hunger or food insecurity, and unstable housing or homelessness. Among the growing population of PWH aged ≥50 years, progress toward these goals has not been assessed. Data collected during the 2017--2022 cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project, an annual complex sample survey of U.S. adults with diagnosed HIV, assessed progress toward NHAS 2025 QoL goals among PWH aged ≥50 years, overall and by age group. The recent estimated annual percentage change from baseline (2017 or 2018) to 2022 was calculated for each indicator. Among PWH aged ≥50 years, the 2025 goal of 95% PWH with good or better self-rated health is 46.2% higher than the 2022 estimate. The 2025 goals of a 50% reduction in the other indicators range from 26.3% to 56.3% lower than the 2022 estimates. Decreasing hunger or food insecurity by 50% among PWH aged ≥65 was the only goal met by 2022. If recent trends continue, other NHAS QoL 2025 goals are unlikely to be met. Multisectoral strategies to improve access to housing, employment, food, and mental health will be needed to meet NHAS 2025 goals for QoL among older PWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Revisiting the Pasinetti Index: Understanding Its Cyclical and Long-Term Features and Its Important Implications for Macroeconomic Policy.
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Matamoros, Guillermo and Seccareccia, Mario
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INCOME distribution , *PRICE inflation , *FISCAL policy , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *EMPLOYMENT , *MONETARY policy - Abstract
This article explores the long-term and cyclical effects of the Pasinetti Index (PI) and their implications for income distribution and macroeconomic policy in a post-pandemic environment marked by inflationary pressures and increasingly restrictive central bank policies. It discusses the relevance of adopting a zero PI as monetary policy framework as either a short-term target or a long-term norm. The research underscores the importance of coordinating monetary and fiscal policies to achieve a balanced mix of short-term and long-term macroeconomic goals, as per the Pasinetti rule, aimed at stabilizing income distribution between rentier and non-rentier groups without compromising on a Keynesian full employment commitment. By analyzing historical data and employing a SVAR model for Canada and the United States, the study highlights the significant cyclical impact of PI fluctuations on unemployment and income distribution. The findings challenge the efficacy of rigid monetary policy rules and support a macroeconomic policy that reconciles short-term employment objectives and long-term distributional goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Protocol of a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the PLACES intervention: a supported employment intervention aimed at enhancing work participation of unemployed and/or work-disabled cancer survivors.
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van Ommen, F., Duijts, S. F. A., Coenen, P., Dalton, S. O., Kliffen, A., van Hummel, R., de Boer, A. G. E. M., and Greidanus, M. A.
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EMPLOYMENT discrimination , *SUPPORTED employment , *WORKING hours , *CANCER survivors , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Background: Approximately onethird of cancer survivors encounter challenges reintegrating into the workforce, often experiencing involuntary unemployment and/or partial or full work disability following diagnosis and treatment. Returning to paid employment presents evident challenges due to uncertainties regarding work ability, perceived employer discrimination, and a lack of support, thereby risking social exclusion. However, interventions addressing return to paid employment among unemployed and/or work-disabled cancer survivors are scarce. Here, we describe the protocol of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), including a process and economic evaluation, evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the PLACES (unemPLoyed cAnCEr survivors Support) intervention aimed at supporting unemployed and/or work-disabled cancer survivors returning to paid employment. Methods: A two-armed RCT with a 12-month follow-up period will be conducted. Eligible participants: (1) are of working age (18–65 years), (2) are diagnosed with cancer between 6 months and 10 years ago, (3) are unemployed and/or partially or fully work-disabled, (4) have completed cancer treatment, and (5) are seeking paid employment and are motivated to initiate work immediately. Participants will primarily be identified through the Dutch Social Security Agency and the Netherlands Cancer Registry and recruited via healthcare professionals. Participants randomly allocated to the intervention group (n = 82) will receive the PLACES intervention: a tailored supported employment intervention based on the principles of Individual Placement and Support (IPS). This includes support in seeking, returning to, and maintaining paid employment. Participants allocated to the control group (n = 82) will receive care as usual. All participants will be asked to complete questionnaires, at baseline (T0), and after 3 (T1), 6 (T2), and 12 (T3) months of follow-up. The primary outcome is paid employment [yes/no]. Secondary outcomes are time until paid employment, change in working hours, work ability, quality of (working) life, and self-efficacy regarding return to work. Additionally, process and economic evaluations will be conducted. Discussion: We hypothesize that the PLACES intervention will be effective in obtaining paid employment, enhancing work ability, and improving quality of life. In addition, we expect the intervention to be cost-effective. If proven effective and cost-effective, actions should be taken to implement the intervention in usual care. Trial registration: NCT06028048. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Can Information About Negative Age-Related Stereotypes Improve the Employment Chances of Older Unemployed Workers?
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Pia Homrighausen, Dr. rer. pol. and Julia Lang, Dr. rer. pol.
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EMPLOYMENT statistics , *LABOR market , *PUBLIC service advertising , *MARKETING , *SKILLED labor , *JOB fairs - Abstract
With increasing age, it becomes more difficult for unemployed workers to find a new job. Due to age-related negative stereotypes, employers typically prefer younger applicants. This study analyzes a marketing campaign of a local employment agency in Germany that drew attention to the problem of negative age-related stereotypes and highlighted the high value of older workers. The goal of the campaign was to increase the hiring rate of older unemployed. Using comprehensive register data and applying a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the information conveyed through the campaign (via banners, interviews, job fairs, and informational brochures) did indeed change firms’ hiring behavior. The intervention increased the employment rate of workers aged 50 to 59 with unemployment experience by approximately 3 percentage points. The positive employment effects of the campaign appear to be somewhat more pronounced for women than for men. We conclude that an information campaign to overcome age-related negative stereotypes might be an appropriate measure to highlight the value of older workers and increase their employment chances. In the context of the demographic change, therefore, an information campaign might help to fight against a shrinking workforce and an impending shortage of skilled labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Empirical Monte Carlo evidence on estimation of timing-of-events models.
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Lombardi, Stefano, van den Berg, Gerard J., and Vikström, Johan
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MONTE Carlo method , *UNEMPLOYMENT statistics , *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) , *PROPENSITY score matching , *LABOR market - Abstract
AbstractThis article builds on the Empirical Monte Carlo simulation approach to study the estimation of Timing-of-Events (ToE) models. We exploit rich Swedish data of unemployed job seekers with information on participation in a training program to simulate placebo treatment durations. We first use these simulations to examine which covariates are key confounders to be included in dynamic selection models for training participation. The joint inclusion of specific short-term employment history indicators (notably, the share of time spent in employment), together with baseline socio-economic characteristics, regional and inflow timing information, is important to deal with selection bias. Next, we omit subsets of explanatory variables and estimate ToE models with discrete distributions for the ensuing systematic unobserved heterogeneity. In many cases, the ToE approach provides accurate effect estimates, especially if time-varying variation in the unemployment rate of the local labor market is taken into account. However, assuming too many or too few support points for unobserved heterogeneity may lead to large biases. Information criteria, in particular those penalizing parameter abundance, are useful to select the number of support points. A comparison with other duration models shows that a Stratified Cox model performs well with abundant multiple spells but less well when multiple spells are uncommon. The standard Cox regression model performs poorly in all configurations as it is unable to account for unobserved heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Considering the animating ethos of designing digital first unemployment services: On the motivation of others.
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Griffin, Ray, Jordan, Antoinette, and Tuite, Aisling
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UNEMPLOYED people , *DESIGN thinking , *EMPLOYMENT agencies , *DIGITAL technology , *UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
This paper explores the animating ethos of digital unemployment services. Unlike human‐to‐human services, where the intention of policy is normally mediated by professionals, digital services are fully designed in the policy imagination. As a result, it is a pressing issue to understand the ethos that animates their development. To address this, we report on design thinking focus groups undertaken to support the development of a disruptive digital unemployment service that sought the views and responses of three different groups—senior policymakers, caseworkers and unemployed people in four European countries. Without prompting, each conversation variously problematised the imputed motivations of unemployed people, suggesting a form of paternalistic motivation that should only risked in‐person. From this, we suggest that the design of digital unemployment services may well be dominated by the axiomatic, uncritical mobilisation of motivation theory. Going further, we offer a brief genealogy of the form of motivation theory that surfaced in the study, highlighting its interesting, shared history in seminal studies on unemployment. As a result, we conclude, that rather than altering welfare, digitisation may reanimate, essentialise and make durable activation in new ways that deepen longstanding processes of “double activation”—activating public employment services as well as the unemployed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Employment profiles of autistic people: An 8-year longitudinal study.
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Bury, Simon M, Hedley, Darren, Uljarević, Mirko, Li, Xia, Stokes, Mark A, and Begeer, Sander
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JOB security , *RESEARCH funding , *AUTISM , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *SEX distribution , *MENTAL illness , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *STRUCTURAL equation modeling , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *AGE distribution , *MEMBERSHIP , *FAMILIES , *LONGITUDINAL method , *SURVEYS , *EMPLOYMENT of people with disabilities , *ASPERGER'S syndrome , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *ADULTS - Abstract
Autistic adults experience high rates of unemployment, yet research investigating what predicts employment success produces inconsistent results. By utilising longitudinal person-oriented analyses, this study aimed to identify employment trajectories of autistic adults to better understand what may predict stable autistic employment. Participants were 2449 autistic adults (1077 men, 1352 women, 20 non-binary, M = 42.25 years, SD = 14.24), recruited via the Netherlands Autism Register. Latent class analysis utilising employment status across eight annual waves was used to identify longitudinal employment profiles. Fit indices and the interpretability of results indicated a four-class model best fit the data, with profiles reflecting stable unemployment (n = 1189), stable employment (n = 801), early unemployment increasing in probability of employment (n = 183) and high probability of employment reducing across time to low employment (n = 134). Multinominal analyses suggested that compared to the 'stable unemployment' group, membership in the 'stable employment' profile was predicted by fewer autistic traits, lower age, male gender, higher education and diagnosis age, and fewer co-occurring conditions. Higher education predicted both other profiles, with lower age and fewer co-occurring conditions predicting membership in the increasing employment class. Taken together, findings highlight the utility of person-oriented approaches in understanding the longitudinal challenges autistic adults experience maintaining employment and identifies key areas of support. Autistic adults experience difficulties finding and keeping employment. However, research investigating reasons that might explain this difficulty produce mixed results. We gave a survey to 2449 autistic adults and used a statistic method to group them based on their employment status over 8 years. We identified four employment groups that best captured the experiences of autistic adults; this included a group that experienced stable unemployment, a group that experienced stable employment, a group that had high employment that reduced over time, and a group whose employment increased over the 8 years. Further analysis showed that those with fewer autistic traits, younger age, male gender, higher education, later diagnosis age and no co-occurring conditions were more likely to have stable employment. People whose employment changed over time were more likely to have a higher level of education than the stable unemployment group, and those in the increasing employment group were younger age and had no co-occurring conditions. These findings help us better understand that not all autistic adults' experiences of employment are the same, which helps focus where employment programmes and support may be most needed, for example, people who identify as women or have a co-occurring condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. The coping strategies of individuals in multiple jeopardy settings: the case of unemployed older women.
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Ndobo, André, Faure, Alice, Galharret, Jean–Michel, Sarda, Elisa, and Debont, Leslie
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OLDER women , *OCCUPATIONAL prestige , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *AGEISM , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *PERCEIVED discrimination , *SELF-esteem - Abstract
This research investigates the harmful consequences of discrimination on self-esteem and examines the coping options of individuals belonging to several stigmatized groups (i.e., unemployed older women) within the multiple jeopardy perspective. Our sample comprised 420 individuals selected by age, gender and professional status. We tested whether the positive and negative links between discrimination and psychological distress induced by discrimination, would vary according to the number of disadvantaged categories individuals belong to. An analysis of the mediating role of some coping options was also conducted. Overall, the results support most of our hypotheses and suggest that the assumed impact of perceived discrimination on psychological outcome increase with the cumulation of discriminations. We also found that, among the various coping options used by individuals in our sample, commitment, but not age-group identification, mediated the links between the cumulated discrimination and self-esteem. The discussion addresses issues related to workplace discrimination in light of the multiple jeopardy perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. How future self-continuity mediates the impact of job loss on negative mental health outcomes among transitioning veterans.
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Levin, Chynna, Nenninger, Sterling, Freundlich, Devora, Glatt, Sofie, and Sokol, Yosef
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PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology , *MENTAL health , *MENTAL illness , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *PSYCHOLOGY of veterans , *SUICIDE , *PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors - Abstract
Veterans in the transition stage out of the military have an increased risk for negative mental health outcomes and suicide. Previous research has found that finding and retaining employment is the most challenging post-service adjustment for veterans. Job loss may have a greater impact on mental health for veterans than for civilians due to the myriad challenges often faced when transitioning to the civilian workplace, as well as preexisting vulnerabilities that are common among veterans such as trauma exposure or service-related injuries. Previous studies have demonstrated that low Future Self-Continuity (FSC), which refers to the sense of "psychological connectedness" that a person has between their present and future selves, has also been associated with the abovementioned mental health outcomes. 167 U.S. military veterans who exited the military 10 or fewer years prior to their participation in the study, of which 87 experienced subsequent job loss, completed a series of questionnaires to assess future self-continuity (FSC) and mental health outcomes. Results confirmed previous findings in that job loss, as well as low FSC, were individually associated with an increased risk for negative mental health outcomes. Findings suggest that FSC may act as a mediator, where levels of FSC mediate the effects of job loss on negative mental outcomes (depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidality) among veterans during their first 10 years out of the military. These findings may have implications for enhancing current clinical interventions for veterans experiencing job loss and mental health difficulties during the transition period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Crisis subprime y COVID-19: impactos en el empleo en América Latina y el Caribe.
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Rubio Ugalde, Gema Jazmín, Lara Gómez, Graciela, and Demmler, Michael
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FOREIGN investments , *DATABASE design , *SOCIAL services , *LABOR market , *PANEL analysis - Abstract
The research objective of the present study is to contrast two crises of different nature, the subprime crisis of 2008, and the health crisis of 2020, and its consequences on employment in twenty-four economies in Latin America and the Caribbean. The methodological design is based on a data panel with fixed effects considering the period from 2005 to 2021. Data is extracted from the World Bank. The explanatory variables are GDP, inflation, foreign direct investment, and the coverage of work and social protection programs. After realizing the tests of Breusch Pagan, Hausman, Wooldridge and Wald, an econometric model of Panel Corrected Standard Errors with fixed effects and dichotomous variables is implemented, to describe the effect of time. It was found that both periods, 2008 and 2020, were significant. Moreover, a greater impact on the increase in unemployment because of the health crisis 2020 is confirmed due to the decrease in production and the precariousness of the labour market in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Public health efforts to prevent expansion of alcohol retail availability in neighbourhoods with factors associated with high rates of alcohol‐related harms: A case report.
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Hutchinson, Melissa, Swirski, Alexandra, and Giesbrecht, Norman
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LIQUOR stores , *NEIGHBORHOODS , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
This commentary illustrates a recent case study within Ontario, Canada, in which the application of sociodemographic and health data was used by public health to support a legal case to oppose a retail licence application to consume liquor at a corner store located within a neighbourhood that has experienced low socio‐economic factors, including low income, high unemployment and low educational attainment levels. Communities in a similar situation may draw from this situation to prevent expansion of alcohol retail availability in neighbourhoods that have low socio‐economic status populations and high unemployment and other factors associated with high rates of alcohol‐related harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Adult Child Financial Disadvantage and the Cognitive Trajectories Among Older Parents in the United States.
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Lee, Ah-Reum, Torres, Jacqueline, and Romero, Karla Renata Flores
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PARENTS -- United States , *RESEARCH funding , *SOCIOECONOMIC status , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *HOME ownership , *SEX distribution , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ADULT children , *MEMORY , *MARITAL status , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *PSYCHOLOGY of adult children , *SOCIAL classes , *COGNITIVE aging , *INTERGENERATIONAL relations - Abstract
Objectives Adult child socioeconomic status (SES) has been identified as a predictor of older parents' cognitive aging. However, studies have primarily relied on educational attainment as the sole measure of adult child SES. We evaluated the relationship between adult children's financial disadvantage and cognitive outcomes of older parents in the United States. Methods We used data from U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2000–2014, n = 15,053 respondents ≥51 years with at least 1 adult child). Adult child financial disadvantage was measured with 3 indicators of extremely low income, unemployment, and lack of homeownership. We used linear mixed models to estimate the association between adult child financial disadvantage and the rate of decline in verbal memory scores, controlling for respondents' sociodemographic characteristics. Results Having at least 1 adult child (vs no adult children) with extremely low income was found to be associated with lower verbal memory (b = −0.041, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.043, −0.039) at baseline. There was a small but significant association with the rate of decline in verbal memory z -scores (b = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.000, 0.008) and some evidence of heterogeneity by parent gender, marital status, and SES. Discussion Offspring financial disadvantage may be influential for older parents' initial level of memory function, although evidence of associations with memory decline was weak. Public policy interventions aimed at improving the economic conditions of adult children may indirectly benefit the cognitive performance of disadvantaged parents in their later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Vaccination status among children in an urban area and its association with risk factors and some parent health practices: A cross‐sectional study.
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Bardak, Feyza and Kocoglu‐Tanyer, Deniz
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THERAPEUTIC use of iron , *EDUCATION of mothers , *THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin D , *IMMUNIZATION , *RISK assessment , *PARENTS , *CROSS-sectional method , *IRON in the body , *BREASTFEEDING , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *HEALTH status indicators , *T-test (Statistics) , *VACCINATION , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *CHILD health services , *STATISTICAL sampling , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *TREATMENT duration , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *SURVEYS , *HEALTH behavior , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *MEDICAL screening , *DATA analysis software , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *VACCINATION status , *DIETARY supplements , *PATIENT aftercare - Abstract
Objective: The study aims to determine the vaccination status of children and evaluate the relationship between vaccination rates, vaccine attitudes, and some parental health practices. Design and Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted with 674 mothers. Data were collected using a survey evaluating vaccine characteristics, some infant health practices, and The Public Attitude Toward Vaccination Scale—Health Belief Model. Chi‐square test, independent samples t‐test, and logistic regression analysis were used. Results: 80.2% of children were fully vaccinated. The rate of non or under‐vaccination was higher in the group that did not regularly undergo follow‐up for 0–2‐year‐old children, did not fully have health screenings, did not use vitamin D and iron supplements, and used alternative medicine. Moreover, the duration of breast milk feeding, the transition to supplementary food, and the duration of vitamin D use in the non‐fully vaccinated group were lower than in the fully vaccinated group (p <.05). The increase in maternal education period and severity and benefit attitude scores of vaccine attitude were the factors that decreased the rate of non‐fully vaccination. The increase in barrier scores toward vaccines increased the rate of non or under‐vaccination. Conclusion: Mothers who have negative attitudes toward vaccination have negative behaviors in health practices and screenings on infant/child health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Psychisch erkrankte Menschen mit Arbeitslosengeld-II-Bezug im Jobcenter: Diagnosespektrum und Versorgung – erste Ergebnisse aus dem LIPSY-Projekt.
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Koschig, M., Hußenöder, F., Conrad, I., Alberti, M., Gatzsche, K., Bieler, L., Stengler, K., and Riedel-Heller, S. G.
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MENTAL health services , *PEOPLE with mental illness , *MEDICAL care use , *MENTAL illness , *SOMATOFORM disorders - Abstract
Background: Although people receiving means-tested benefits are regularly taken care of at the job center, little is known about their mental health situation and mental health care. Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the diagnostic spectrum and the functional status as well as the mental health care utilization of individuals with mental illnesses who are receiving means-tested benefits. Methods: Mentally ill people with means-tested benefits were recruited at the job center as part of the "Leipzig Individual Placement and Support for Mentally Ill People" (LIPSY) project, where they were initially diagnosed according to ICD-10 and included in the project if they had a mental disorder. Mental healthcare utilization was recorded. In the present study, data from n = 583 consecutively included persons were analyzed descriptively and by multivariate statistics. Results: Of the study participants 60.7% (n = 583; 51.5% female; average age 36 years; unemployed for an average of 4.8 years) suffered from affective disorders, followed by neurotic, stress and somatoform disorders (42.5%). With a mean global assessment of functioning (GAF) value of 49.4 (SD 7.7), there was on average a serious impairment. Nearly half of the subjects (48.5%) had never received psychotherapeutic, psychiatric or neurological treatment in the 6 months prior to inclusion in the project. Discussion: It could be shown that there is a broad spectrum of mental disorders with substantial functional impairment. The data suggest that this group is significantly undertreated and difficult to reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Does Employment Status Matter for Emerging Adult Identity Development and Life Satisfaction? A Two-wave Longitudinal Study.
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Hatano, Kai, Hihara, Shogo, Tsuzuki, Manabu, Nakama, Reiko, and Sugimura, Kazumi
- Subjects
- *
PERSONALITY development , *GROUP identity , *SATISFACTION , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *DATA analysis , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *LONGITUDINAL method , *SURVEYS , *PART-time employment , *ANALYSIS of variance , *COGNITION disorders , *STATISTICS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DATA analysis software , *EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Late emerging adulthood is pivotal for identity exploration and development and is interrelated with life satisfaction. In the development of identity and life satisfaction, it is important to have a stable employment status that supports the foundation of life. However, the interrelationships among identity, life satisfaction, and employment status in late emerging adulthood are unclear. Using a two-wave longitudinal survey, this study examined identity development and whether the relationship between identity and life satisfaction varies by employment status. Participants included 875 Japanese emerging adults (65.5% women, Mage = 24.74, SDage = 0.44). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that identity synthesis decreased for those who lost their jobs or those who changed from being full-time to part-time employment. Additionally, individuals with full-time employment had higher identity synthesis and lower confusion than those with part-time or no employment. Multi-group path analysis indicated that identity synthesis was positively associated with life satisfaction and confusion was negatively associated, and these relationships did not differ by employment status. These findings suggest that identity development in late emerging adulthood varies by employment status and that the association between identity and life satisfaction may not be moderated by employment status. Overall, this study contributes to elucidating the characteristics of identity development along employment status and its relationship to life satisfaction in late emerging adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Job insecurity, economic resources, and democratic backsliding: evidence from South Korea.
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Eom, Jun Hui and Kwon, Hyeok Yong
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- *
JOB security , *DEMOCRACY , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *WELFARE state , *POLITICAL science , *INCOME , *ASSETS (Accounting) - Abstract
This study explores demand-side stories of democratic backsliding among citizens. We argue that individual job insecurity is associated with higher levels of support for strong leaders who are not committed to being subject to legislative checks and balances. Furthermore, we contend that this relationship is mitigated by higher asset levels and household income. In our analysis of Korea, we utilize data from the 2018 World Values Survey and the 2021 Korean General Social Survey. These results provide robust evidence for this hypothesis. Specifically, we find that assets as private alternatives to the welfare state moderate the effect of job insecurity on public support for undemocratic leaders. The findings from the Korean case have implications that can be generalized: enhancing job security and expanding public welfare provisions could bolster citizens' democratic attitudes and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Mental health in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Santiago, César F. G., Lelis, Deborah F., Ferreira, Gabriel F. Silveira, Pinto, Andressa L., Caldeira, Isabella P., Ribeiro, Natália G., Forechi, Ludimila, Baldo, Thais de O. Faria, and Baldo, Marcelo P.
- Subjects
- *
CROSS-sectional method , *MENTAL health , *INCOME , *AUTISM , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *SEVERITY of illness index , *ANXIETY , *ODDS ratio , *PSYCHOLOGY of mothers , *ASPERGER'S syndrome , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *QUALITY assurance , *COVID-19 pandemic , *MENTAL depression , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *WELL-being , *SYMPTOMS , *CHILDREN - Abstract
The increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has placed a significant emotional and psychological burden on mothers. We explored the association between the severity of ASD symptoms in children and the mental health of their mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study included 1,924 mothers of children with ASD, enrolled in a web-based cross-sectional survey over 85 consecutive days to gather clinical and sociodemographic data. The severity of ASD symptoms was obtained according to the children's age. Using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) scale, we found that 35.8 percent of mothers experienced both anxiety and depression. A high education level and a high family income reduced the chance of concurrent anxiety and depression. Conversely, unemployment, a child using psychiatric medication, and higher severity of ASD symptoms increased the chance. Notably, the severity of the ASD symptom was the sole predictor of maternal co-occurring anxiety and depression across all age groups (<3 years aOR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.07–3.89; 3–5 years aOR = 2.76, 95%CI 1.67–4.56; ≥ 6 years aOR = 1.61, 95%CI 1.04–2.50). Recognizing the challenges associated with ASD leads to greater acceptance and tailored interventions, ultimately improving the overall well-being of both individuals with ASD and their mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Using Longitudinal Surveillance of Unemployment Claims During Public Health Emergencies to Provide Timely and Granular Data on the Social Determinants of Health.
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Acosta, Joie D., Faherty, Laura J., and Weden, Margaret M.
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- *
ETHNIC groups , *POISSON distribution , *UNEMPLOYMENT insurance , *HEALTH insurance reimbursement , *WILDFIRES , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *RESEARCH funding , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *SEX distribution , *RACE , *MEDICAL emergencies , *PUBLIC health , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *REGRESSION analysis , *COVID-19 - Abstract
Objective: Employment is a well-documented social determinant of physical and mental health and can be used to determine who is disproportionately affected by public health emergencies. We examined trends in unemployment overall and by gender, by race or ethnic group, and by their interaction for 2 public health emergencies (the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2020 California wildfires). Methods: We obtained summary data files on the number of initial unemployment insurance (IUI) claims made in all 58 California counties from January 2018 through December 2021. We fit fixed-effects Poisson regression models to county data on weekly IUI claims cross-classified by gender and race or ethnic group. We used models to evaluate the overall effect of COVID-19, whether this effect changed over time increasing under compounding emergencies, and whether the overall and compounding effects of COVID-19 differed by gender and race or ethnic group. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, weekly IUI claims rates increased to as much as 10 times their prepandemic level. The increase in IUI claims for COVID-19 weeks, compared with weeks from the same month in the 2 years prior, was greater for women than for men of all race or ethnic groups, except for Black women. The higher rates of IUI claims for most women during COVID-19 entailed a reversal of prepandemic gender differences in claims that persisted through 2021. Conclusion: Public health officials should consider using IUI claims for surveillance of social determinants of health, particularly in the context of emergencies, which we show can have a persisting effect on the social patterning of social determinants. Future research is needed to forecast these affects and inform public health and policy mitigation and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. FEMALE EMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN CENTRAL AMERICA.
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Caceres, Luis Rene
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- *
WOMEN'S employment , *SEX discrimination in employment , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *ECONOMIC policy , *DATA compression , *STAGNATION (Economics) , *OPENNESS to experience , *RECOMMENDER systems - Abstract
Extensive literature has shown that women's employment contributes to increasing rates of household savings and economic growth. Likewise, evidence has been reported that in an economic integration scheme, such as that of Central America, the strong economic interdependence existing between countries, because of their relatively high trade flows of imports and exports, gives rise to the spread of economic developments occurring in a country. This paper investigates the extent to which the increase in female employment in the countries of the Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras) leads to the increase in growth rates in the other countries (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama). For this purpose, principal components, which is a data compression methodology, is used. The variables that are included in the vector of principal components are the female-to-male employment ratios in the industrial sectors of the Northern Triangle countries. All data used in the analyses were taken from the World Bank's World Development Indicators. The first principal component of these variables explains 77 percent of the variance, and its decrease represents the deindustrialization of the respective countries. The second principal component accounts for 17 percent of the variance, and its increase represents the expansion of the service sector in the countries. The estimation of error correction equations showed that the first principal component of the female-to-male employment ratios of the industrial sector in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Costa Rica, exerted positive impacts on the economic growth rates of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, while the second principal component exerted negative impacts. The results also showed that the ratios of female to male industrial employment, as well as the first principal component, fell as tariffs on imports were reduced, reflecting a process of deindustrialization which has led to losses in economic growth, and a decrease in trade flows, and rising youth unemployment and increases of the underground economy with adverse impacts on productivity. Likewise, trends towards economic stagnation and rising unemployment have led to increases in irregular emigration and remittances. Another important result is that the process of deindustrialization, fueled by the extreme openness of economies, has generated a substantial increase in the homicide rate. In summary, the results show that female employment generates increases in the economic growth rate of the respective country and in the other member countries. However, this process of regional employment induction is undermined by the extreme openness of economies, which means that the main beneficiaries of the economic dynamism imparted by the increase in female employment may be the countries from which it is imported. In other words, "globalization" or "openness" frustrates national efforts at economic and social development. It should be noted that in the 1960s and 1970s, when the model of import substitution prevailed, the Central American economies grew at rates twice as high as those prevailing after the "reforms." The economic policy recommendations are based on the promotion of women's employment by increasing the levels of female schooling, the establishment of national networks of childcare centers, combating discrimination against women in the workplace, etc. Efforts to increase women's employment will be better developed if they are structured within the framework of a national/regional employment strategy, in which objectives and targets would be established for each country, and the actions to be carried out in the areas of obtaining resources, identifying, approving and supervising projects would be outlined, and the results goals would be established with the respective indicators to be achieved in the medium and long term. But it should be pointed out that these actions cannot yield the results sought in the current structure of extreme openness of economies, which makes it necessary to design and implement policies to achieve the reindustrialization and re-agriculturalization of the economies, seeking, in addition to increasing economic dynamism, the increase of quality employment, and the reduction of violence and irregular emigration, the achievement of self-sufficiency and sustained increases in the production of goods of special importance. The results of this work have shown that in efforts to reignite economic growth, women's employment and Central American economic integration can play important roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Does the unemployment trap still exist? The case of the Italian minimum income scheme.
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Busilacchi, Gianluca and Fabbri, Alessandro
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- *
INCOME maintenance programs , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *POVERTY , *LABOR market , *PUBLIC welfare - Abstract
The question of whether welfare benefits imprison recipients in unemployment traps has been at the centre of academic and political debates in recent decades. Empirical evidence at the micro level supports the existence of work disincentive effects of welfare benefits, although of a small magnitude. However, the question of whether this translates into lower aggregate employment remains unsettled. This study innovates the existing literature by providing an estimation of the impact of the monetary component of the Italian minimum income scheme (MIS) on the employment rate. Isolating this impact from the spurious pro‐work effects of the Active Labour Market Policies embedded in every contemporary MIS is possible because in the Italian case, in the first quarters of implementation of the policy, the activation side was not operating. We adopt a difference‐in‐differences method and find that the impact of the monetary component of the Italian MIS on the employment rate is not statistically significant. The finding is robust to different treatment definitions, different specification models and weighted and unweighted econometric analysis. We then carry out a heterogeneous analysis and find that the impact, despite being indistinguishable from zero on average, is significant and negative for provinces with weak labour demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Solidarity on the move: Imaginaries and infrastructures within the People's March for Jobs (1981).
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Griffin, Paul
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- *
INTERNATIONAL alliances , *LABOR market , *SOLIDARITY , *GEOGRAPHERS , *UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
This paper revisits the 1981 People's March for Jobs as a moment of unemployed activism and solidarity in the UK. The paper argues that the march revealed a spatial politics of solidarity as characterised through mobility, presence, imaginaries and dialogue. It considers how the march emerged through trade union organising and forged political alliances in articulating opposition against rising unemployment, challenging the associated stigma around labour market inactivity. Contributing to geographical scholarship on 'working‐class presence' and concepts of 'imagined solidarity', the paper explores the 'solidarity infrastructures' that enabled unemployed resistance. It considers material resources alongside a more generative and imaginary understanding of solidarity as fostered through the march. These more transitory and temporary forms of solidarity are meaningful in their immediacy, but also hold longer lasting impacts on both those involved and the places visited. In this regard, the combination of 'imagined solidarities' and 'solidarity infrastructures' provides geographers with an insight into the spatial dynamics of marching as resistance, as well as reflecting a wider resonance with trade union sensibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. Hip hop entrepreneurship: the poetics of the Hip Hop Mogul.
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Harrison, C. Keith, Seth, Pyar James, Griffin, Whitney, Bass, Huntir, and Bukstein, Scott
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- *
HIP-hop culture , *PUBLIC sphere , *POETICS , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *CAPITALISM - Abstract
Scholars of entrepreneurship, business, and economics have been reluctant to consider Hip Hop as a viable means for research and theory-building. Oddly enough, through the 1970s – a period that was generally characterized by stagnation and high unemployment – Hip Hop captivated audiences around the globe, creating innovative and diverse market opportunities for a host of different communities. The term 'Hip Hop Mogul' emerged to describe artists whose commercial viability appealed to varied sensibilities and disparate public spheres. Who are these Hip Hop Moguls? What are the interests of these Hip Hop Moguls? Drawing on lyrical content from a sample of Hip Hop Moguls (n = 15), we examine the discursive frameworks that make-up Moguldom, its politics, and its ways of being. Ultimately, our findings shed light on the different ways that marginalized communities negotiate antagonistic economic relations and disrupt traditional business paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. ВЛИЯНИЕТО НА ФАКТОРИ ОТ ВЪНШНАТА СРЕДА ВЪРХУ ЖЕНСКОТО ЗДРАВЕ – ЛИТЕРАТУРЕН ОБЗОР.
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Денева, Златина
- Subjects
- *
WOMEN'S health , *HEALTH behavior , *ANIMAL sexual behavior , *CHILDBEARING age , *BIRTH rate , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *POVERTY - Abstract
Women's health is determined by a wide range of personal, biological, social and environmental factors. Health depends not only on individual characteristics - gender, age, heredity, genetic characteristics and on lifestyle - smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use, nutrition, physical activity, but also on social and economic factors - education, conditions of work, unemployment, poverty, access to health services, violence, discrimination and human rights. The factors of this complex do not act in isolation, but have a combined effect on a woman's health throughout her life. Women's health and their reproductive behavior are of utmost importance for healthy children. Good women's health is important for the development of future human capital, for the development of children. Healthier women and their children contribute to better educated societies. Women's health is of utmost importance for the health of future generations. Therefore, there is a need for investments aimed at women's health. Those societies that invest in women's health are likely to enjoy better health for generations to come. The problem of women's health in fertile age is extremely relevant and significant against the background of the serious demographic crisis in the Republic of Bulgaria, which is the result of unfavorable demographic processes - the reduced birth rate, which does not ensure the simple reproduction of the population, the higher mortality rates and intensive external migration - women of childbearing age emigrate, which lowers the potential future birth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
29. Post-compulsory schooling of youth in Turkey: a case of pro-cyclical enrollment.
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Demirci, Murat and Poyraz, Meltem
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- *
WOMEN'S employment , *LABOR supply , *WOMEN'S roles , *HIGH school enrollment , *BUSINESS cycles , *TUITION - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Exploring health equity integration among health service and delivery systems in Nova Scotia: perspectives of health system partners.
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Yusuf, Joshua, D'Souza, Ninoshka J., A.T. Caldwell, Hilary, Meaghan Sim, Sarah, Embrett, Mark, and F.L. Kirk, Sara
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- *
HEALTH services accessibility , *PUBLIC hospitals , *LANGUAGE & languages , *IMMIGRANTS , *MEDICAL personnel , *JOB security , *RESEARCH funding , *MEDICAL care , *LEADERSHIP , *INTERVIEWING , *CONTENT analysis , *SEX distribution , *FOOD security , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *JUDGMENT sampling , *AGE distribution , *FUNCTIONAL status , *THEMATIC analysis , *SOUND recordings , *RACE , *ATTITUDES of medical personnel , *RESEARCH methodology , *VIDEOCONFERENCING , *ECONOMIC impact , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *SOCIAL isolation , *EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Background: Achieving health equity is important to improve population health; however, health equity is not typically well defined, integrated, or measured within health service and delivery systems. To improve population health, it is necessary to understand barriers and facilitators to health equity integration within health service and delivery systems. This study aimed to explore health equity integration among health systems workers and identify key barriers and facilitators to implementing health equity strategies within the health service and delivery system in Nova Scotia, ahead of the release of a Health Equity Framework, focused on addressing inequities within publicly funded institutions. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit individuals working on health equity initiatives including those in high-level leadership positions within the Nova Scotia health system. Individual interviews and a joint interview session were conducted. Topics of discussion included current integration of health equity through existing strategies and perceptions within participant roles. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to guide coding and analysis, with interviews transcribed and deductively analyzed in NVivo. Qualitative description was employed to describe study findings as barriers and facilitators to health equity integration. Results: Eleven individual interviews and one joint interview (n = 5 participants) were conducted, a total of 16 participants. Half (n = 8) of the participants were High-level Leaders (i.e., manager or higher) within the health system. We found that existing strategies within the health system were inadequate to address inequities, and variation in the use of indicators of health equity was indicative of a lack of health equity integration. Applying the CFIR allowed us to identify barriers to and facilitators of health equity integration, with the power of legislation to implement a Health Equity Framework, alongside the value of partnerships and engagement both being seen as key facilitators to support health equity integration. Barriers to health equity integration included inadequate resources devoted to health equity work, a lack of diversity among senior system leaders and concerns that existing efforts to integrate health equity were siloed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that health equity integration needs to be prioritized within the health service and delivery system within Nova Scotia and identifies possible strategies for implementation. Appropriate measures, resources and partnerships need to be put in place to support health equity integration following the introduction of the Health Equity Framework, which was viewed as a key driver for action. Greater diversity within health system leadership was also identified as an important strategy to support integration. Our findings have implications for other jurisdictions seeking to advance health equity across health service and delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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31. Profiles Among Women Without a Paid Job and Social Benefits: An Intersectional Perspective Using Dutch Population Register Data.
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Kröner, Lea, Mazrekaj, Deni, Lippe, Tanja, and Poortman, Anne‐Rigt
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- *
UNEMPLOYMENT , *LABOR market , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) , *ADULT children , *RESEARCH teams , *INTERSECTIONALITY - Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite their potential vulnerability and untapped work potential, research on the group of women without a paid job and social benefits is limited. This study is the first to identify profiles among women in this group based on their intersecting economic, sociodemographic and contextual characteristics. A cluster analysis conducted on Dutch population register data from 2019 challenges previous research that lumped women without a paid job and social benefits into a single group. Rather, we reveal three distinct profiles: ‘Dutch empty nesters (i.e., mothers with adult children) in affluent households’, ‘Migrant women in urban living areas’ and ‘Dutch, educated mothers with affluent partners’. The identification of these three profiles can mark a significant step in developing tailored active labour market policies for women without a paid job and social benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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32. Urban Crime in the Lagos Traffic: An Ethnography at the Crossroads of Multiple Codes of Ethics.
- Author
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Ajiola, Felix Oludare
- Subjects
- *
CRIME , *ARMED robbery , *URBAN youth , *CODES of ethics , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *TRAFFIC violations - Abstract
This article is an ethnographic investigation into hawking, pickpocketing, and other crimes perpetrated during traffic situations in contemporary Lagos. Scholarship on street hawking in Nigeria – Lagos in particular – has overlooked certain issues associated with street hawking within Lagos traffic and has failed to counter the everyday understanding that itinerant traders are major actors in the recurring crimes that occur in traffic hold-ups. Through immersive fieldwork and based on my personal experience as a street hawker, I challenge some of these beliefs that urban crimes such as pickpocketing and armed robbery during hold-ups are predominantly perpetrated by street hawkers. I argue that street hawkers are distinguishable from the real criminals, despite police discourse and common beliefs. The criminalization of hawkers in the public mind and in administrative practices is due to categorical stereotypes unfairly produced by the government about itinerant traders during the city's feared traffic hold-ups. I show how the unfair criminalization of itinerant traders has been used to justify curbing street hawking within the traffic in Lagos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Creating employment and reducing emissions: Options for South Africa.
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Winkler, Harald and Black, Anthony
- Subjects
- *
FOSSIL fuel subsidies , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *CARBON cycle , *INDUSTRIAL policy , *GOVERNMENT policy on climate change - Abstract
South Africa faces huge challenges of poverty and unemployment, yet at the same time, needs to make a contribution to climate action. Historically, our pattern of development gave rise to the ‘minerals-energy complex’, locking us into low employment and high emissions development. It has proved difficult to change this structure, with political economy interests opposing shifts and high adjustment costs. We analyse policy instruments that can reshape the development path: reducing incentives to capital-intensive and high emissions heavy industry, ending direct and indirect support for cheap electricity, and removing fossil fuel subsidies. Industrial policy should pay attention to creating comparative advantage in more labour-demanding sectors. Agriculture can create employment, while enhancing carbon sinks. Based on our exploration of such policy instruments, we suggest that future development can align employment and mitigation objectives, seeking synergies across industrial, energy, and climate policy, while at the same time managing trade-offs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Changes in alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other substance use and its association with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among sexual minority men in Eastern European and Central Asian countries.
- Author
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Hong, Chenglin, Mammadli, Tural, Lunchenkov, Nikolay, Garner, Alex, Howell, Sean, and Holloway, Ian W.
- Subjects
- *
SEXUAL minority men , *COVID-19 pandemic , *MENTAL health services , *ALCOHOLISM , *MENTAL health , *MINORITY stress , *TOUGHNESS (Personality trait) , *UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a particularly negative impact on mental wellbeing of vulnerable individuals, such as sexual minority men (SMM) living in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA), where the social-political climate may be restrictive for SMM. Alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) use may be another factor contributing to exacerbated mental health among SMM in this region. Secondary analyses were conducted using data collected as part of the COVID-19 disparities survey from active users of Hornet, a popular geo-social networking app for SMM in late 2020. Using a subset of SMM living in EECA (n = 3209) and pre-validated scales (AUDIT-C and PHQ-4), we used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the relationship between changes in participants' use of ATOD and their mental wellbeing. Based on AUDIT-C, 35.1 % SMM screened for alcohol use disorder (AUD), 18.6 % reported an increase in alcohol use since the pandemic began. Over 30 % screened for depressive symptoms and anxiety based on PHQ-4 (30.4 % and 30.7 %, respectively). In multivariable models, AUD was significantly associated with screening positive for depressive symptoms and anxiety. Other factors associated with mental distress included lower socioeconomic status, unemployment, ethnic minority identity, IPV victimization, and financial and economic vulnerability. Cross-sectional data cannot be used to infer causality. Our results support the needs for integrated substance use reduction and mental health services tailored for SMM in EECA. Programs aimed at promoting mental wellbeing among SMM in EECA must consider both interpersonal and structural barriers. • Sexual minority men (SMM) reported increase in alcohol and tobacco (ATOD) use since the COVID-19 pandemic began. • SMM in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) reported high rate of mental distress, especially compared with other regions. • COVID-19 pandemic vulnerability contribute to worsening mental health of SMM when mental health service utilization was low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Tweeting during the Pandemic in New York City: Unveiling the Evolving Sentiment Landscape of NYC through a Spatiotemporal Analysis of Geolocated Tweets.
- Author
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Ignaccolo, Carmelo, Wibisono, Kevin, Sutto, Maria Paola, and Plunz, Richard A.
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *ZIP codes , *SENTIMENT analysis , *DATABASES , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
This article explores the relationship between spatial factors, socioeconomic conditions, and Twitter (now called X) sentiment in New York City (NYC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Twitter data, the study investigates how sentiment varied across different geographies. It examines whether sentiment scores, unemployment rates, and COVID-19 hospitalization rates in NYC zip codes revealed spatial associations. The research employs sentiment analysis, a natural language processing technique used to algorithmically determine the emotional tone of a text, on a database of geo-located tweets spanning January to December 2020. The findings reveal a shift towards more negative sentiment during the initial year of the pandemic. Moreover, the study uncovers variations in sentiment trends across boroughs and zip codes. Additionally, a zip code-level fixed-effects model demonstrates a statistically significant relationship between sentiment scores and unemployment rates. In summary, this article makes a two-fold contribution: firstly, it adds a spatial lens to the scholarly debate regarding the use of Twitter data as an indicator of publicly expressed sentiment; secondly, it provides empirical evidence on the spatial interconnectedness of sentiment, health (hospitalization), and socioeconomic factors (unemployment). Overall, this research sheds light on the nuanced relationship between sentiment and space during the COVID-19 pandemic in NYC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Social Alienation as a Bridge Between Unemployment and Support for Political Violence.
- Author
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Moyano, Manuel, Lobato, Roberto M., and Trujillo, Humberto M.
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL alienation , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *POLITICAL violence , *PEACEBUILDING , *RADICALISM - Abstract
From a peacebuilding perspective, understanding the factors that lead to radicalization is the first step in preventing political violence, resisting its effects, and building solid pillars for peace. Along these lines, this research aims to explore the relationship between economic factors and radicalization, particularly between unemployment and support for political violence. As previous research has shown contradictory results, we suggest the need to explore the psychological factors that mediate the relationship between unemployment and support for political violence. Particularly, we suggest social alienation and moral disengagement. Therefore, we hypothesize that (Hypothesis 1) the unemployed will present greater social alienation, (Hypothesis 2) a greater sense of social alienation will be associated with greater support for political violence, and the relationship between employment status and political violence will be mediated by (Hypothesis 3) social alienation and (Hypothesis 4) moral disengagement. A study was conducted to test these hypotheses using a sample of employed (N = 281) and unemployed (N = 285) Spanish participants in Southern Spain. Participants completed a paper questionnaire in which they reported their employment status, social alienation, moral disengagement, and support for political violence. The results showed that the hypotheses were fulfilled and that social alienation and moral disengagement mediated the relationship between unemployment and political violence. According to these results, unemployment may encourage support for violence for political purposes. For this to be the case, perceptions of rejection must be considered. This underscores the need for interventions aimed at the welfare of the unemployed as well as their integration into society. Public Significance Statement: This study suggests that the situation of unemployment can foster support for political violence when this situation gives rise to feelings of alienation. This underscores the need for interventions aimed at the welfare of the unemployed and their integration into society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Strengthening the Role of Village-Owned Enterprises (Bumk) in Improving the Economy of Pegat Bukur Village in Berau Regency.
- Author
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Sofyan, Edwin, Sukristyanto, Agus, and Handoko, V. Rudy
- Subjects
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PUBLIC welfare , *VILLAGES , *ECONOMIC development , *UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
This study discusses the role of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMK) in improving the economy of Pegat Bukur Village in Berau Regency. BUMK is a legal entity established by the village to manage business and productivity to improve the welfare of the village community. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The focus of the research is to identify and analyze the BUMK program in managing the potential of Pegat Bukur Village, analyze the role of BUMK in improving the village economy, and develop a model for the development of BUMK Batu Bual Sejahtera. The results of the study show that the Batu Bual Sejahtera BUMK in Pegat Bukur Village has a significant role in improving the village economy. BUMK Batu Bual Sejahtera is able to take advantage of the potential of the village into 17 business units. Through various business units that have been formed, BUMK Batu Bual Sejahtera is able to play a role in increasing community income, opening new jobs and reducing unemployment, helping the village financial sector with the potential for village original income, and community involvement in village development. BUMK also has an impact by increasing people's income, reducing the unemployment rate and independence of Kampung Pegat Bukur. The development of BUMK Batu Bual Sejahtera uses a development model with a Pentahelix actor approach where there are governments, communities, companies (Business), academics and the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. Exploring the Impact of Public Debt on Insecurity In Nigeria.
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Umar, Manir and Suleiman, Zubairu Muhammad
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PUBLIC debts , *ECONOMETRICS , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *POVERTY - Abstract
This study investigated the impact of public debt on insecurity in Nigeria. In the analysis, the study also sought to estimate how poverty, unemployment and level of education can affect insecurity in Nigeria. The study however, used annual time-series data covering the period from 1982-2023 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) as technique of data analysis. From the econometrics results the study revealed that unemployment, poverty have a significant positive influence on insecurity in Nigeria. Further, public debt and level of education also have a significant positive effect on insecurity in Nigeria over the sampled period. Based on the results, the study recommended that government should tackle corruption in the defense sector this is because the correlation between corruption and insecurity is positive. The need to provide and improve education and job opportunities to teaming graduates should also be prioritized. With access to quality education and job opportunities youth and fresh graduates will be able to lead production lives and make positive contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. Reconfiguring labour and welfare in the Global South: How the social question is framed as market participation.
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Nguyen, Minh TN, Rydstrom, Helle, and Mao, Jingyu
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WORK , *SERIAL publications , *POLICY sciences , *EQUALITY , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *PUBLIC welfare , *POVERTY ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This special issue explores the intertwining reconfigurations of labour and welfare in the Global South by bringing together eight empirical studies of different national and transnational contexts and three commentaries. It asks how Global South people and states alike have come to prioritize market logics as guiding principles for welfare systems, moving away from collective risk-pooling towards individual responsibility, and how this reorientation is connected to the restructuring of labour. In this introduction to the special issue, we discuss the genealogies of the social question and review the growing academic discussion on the changing landscape of welfare in the Global South. We then underscore how the contemporary social question is predominantly framed in the terms of people's capacity for market participation in the specific empirical contexts discussed by our authors. The framing of the social question as such, and the accompanying solutions to it, we argue, disregards politics, political economy and social justice at the cost of the more urgent social question that confronts the increasingly asymmetrical power relations between labour and capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Introduction: COVID-19 Related Professional Challenges, Innovations, and Implications for Child Maltreatment Victims.
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Williams, Shanna, Stevenson, Margaret C., Appleyard Carmody, Karen, and Valentino, Kristin
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CHILD abuse & psychology , *SERIAL publications , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *HEALTH services accessibility , *VICTIM psychology , *FOOD security , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *STAY-at-home orders , *TELEMEDICINE , *ATTITUDES of medical personnel , *COVID-19 pandemic , *LABOR supply , *WELL-being , *CHILDREN - Abstract
The current commentary provides an introduction to the special issue examining COVID-19-related professional challenges, innovations, and implications for child maltreatment victims. The editors of the special issue provide a summary of the research presented as well as the implications for the field of child maltreatment research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Transfer behaviors in stroke and dementia development associated with environmental risks.
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Wang, Kung‐Min, Tseng, Shih‐Hsien, Lee, Chia‐Min, and Wang, Kung‐Jeng
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DEMENTIA risk factors , *RISK assessment , *AIR pollution , *CAUSAL models , *SEX distribution , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *AGE distribution , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LONELINESS , *CHRONIC diseases , *QUALITY of life , *DIVORCE , *STROKE , *STROKE patients , *TEMPERATURE , *DISEASE progression , *DISEASE risk factors , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Aim: Chronic diseases are influential components of stroke, one of the dominant reasons for dementia and premature mortality. Environmental risks are risk factors for transitioning from stroke to dementia. This study addresses the transition behaviors in stroke and dementia development associated with chronic diseases and environmental risks. Methods: This study is an integrated survey of medical and environmental informatics concerning stroke patients' quality of life. A total of 10 627 stroke patients diagnosed in Taiwan were surveyed in this study. A covariate model and subgroup analysis were used to evaluate the influence of chronic diseases and environmental risk factors (i.e., divorce rate, unemployment rate, solitariness rate, temperature, and air pollution rate) on stroke and the corresponding dementia transition behaviors. Results: This study constructed a total of 98 covariate analysis models, consisting of 14 transition types [10 transitions from chronic diseases to stroke (5 metabolic risk states × 2 stroke states) and 4 transitions from stroke to dementia (2 stroke states × 2 dementia states)] by 7 covariates (i.e., sex, age, divorce rate, unemployment rate, temperature, air pollution, and solitariness rate). Among the 98 transitions, 26 were statistically significant. Conclusions: Sex, age, divorce rate, unemployment rate, temperature, and air pollution rate exerted a partially significant influence on the transition from chronic diseases to stroke. Sex, age, unemployment rate, and temperature partially influenced the transition from stroke to dementia. This study also considered high‐risk sub‐populations of stroke patients, particularly males aged 65 years and below. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 766–772. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. Prevalence of and factors influencing Hikikomori in Osaka City, Japan: A population-based cross-sectional study.
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Kanai, Koji, Kitamura, Yuri, Zha, Ling, Tanaka, Kenta, Ikeda, Manabu, and Sobue, Tomotaka
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RISK assessment , *CROSS-sectional method , *STATISTICAL correlation , *JOB absenteeism , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *SEX distribution , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *DISEASE prevalence , *FAMILIES , *AGE distribution , *SOCIAL context , *STATISTICS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *SOCIAL isolation , *SOCIAL anxiety , *SOCIAL participation , *ADOLESCENCE , *ADULTS , *MIDDLE age - Abstract
Objectives: Hikikomori is commonly defined as a social condition in which individuals avoid social participation and relationships beyond their family members by confining themselves to a room or their house for 6 months or longer. Hikikomori has been predominantly considered a problem among young people; however, as the population is ageing, hikikomori has also emerged as a social issue among adults. Nevertheless, no comparative studies have examined the differences in the factors associated with hikikomori among teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Thus, this phenomenon has not been thoroughly examined, and it remains unclear whether the risk factors vary between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Based on the Japan Cabinet Office's definition of hikikomori, this cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and related factors of hikikomori among the working age population (15–64 years), utilising univariate and multivariate analyses. The study also compared differences in the prevalence of and factors related to hikikomori between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Methods: We distributed self-administered questionnaires to individual participants and their families between 24 December 2020 and 18 January 2021. Results: Data from an anonymised sample of 3,092 individuals (split into two groups of 15–39 and 40–64 years) were subjected to analysis. The results revealed a hikikomori prevalence of 2.3% in the target population; the prevalence rate was 2.12% among individuals aged 15 to 39 years and 2.42% among those aged 40 to 64 years. The analysis demonstrated strong correlations between hikikomori and several factors, including unemployment, truancy, a history of psychiatric consultation or hospitalisation, being male and the absence of ibasho, which is defined as a place where individuals can feel peace, security, acceptance and belonging. The factors associated with hikikomori differed between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Conclusion: Our findings, thus, contribute to existing research by providing a comparative analysis of risk factors across different age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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43. The Benefits of Work: A Meta-analysis of the Latent Deprivation and Agency Restriction Models.
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Aitken, John A., Cannon, Jessie A., Kaplan, Seth A., and Kim, Heekyung
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PSYCHOLOGICAL well-being , *SOCIAL status , *LIFE satisfaction , *STRUCTURAL equation modeling , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress - Abstract
Despite conclusive evidence about the positive impact of working relative to unemployment for psychological well-being, there remains much uncertainty about why working relates to improved well-being. Two theoretical perspectives that have often been contrasted in examinations of this question are the latent deprivation model and the agency restriction model. The former emphasizes (latent) psychological benefits of work (time structure, collective purpose, social contact, social status, and enforced activity), asserting that lower well-being in unemployment is due to the deprivation of access to these benefits. The latter emphasizes the monetary (manifest) benefit of work, asserting that it is the financial strain caused by lacking income that is primarily responsible for restricting agency and lowering well-being in unemployment. Here, we integrate these theories with a meta-analysis based on 90 primary studies/sources, 1147 effect sizes, and 69,723 people. Results support a unified account of these theories: employment provides access to all of these psychological and monetary benefits of work, and each benefit is significantly associated with lower psychological distress and higher life satisfaction. The monetary benefit was especially strongly related to life satisfaction. Meta-analytic structural equation modeling revealed that the benefits (except for enforced activity) fully mediated the effect of employment status on psychological distress; in contrast, only collective purpose, social status, and financial strain partially mediated the effect of employment status on life satisfaction. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research and for individuals, organizations, and policymakers to improve the experience of employment and mollify the harms of unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. Employment barriers experienced at different job acquisition stages by people with and without disabilities.
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Jablonski, Erica S., Phillips, Kimberly G., and Henly, Megan
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JOB applications , *JOB hunting , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *WORK experience (Employment) , *UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Employment barriers experienced by people with disabilities are well-documented by researchers. A closer look at the nature of these barriers at different stages of the job acquisition process may help to understand and address current challenges.To understand how employment barriers differ for job seekers with and without disabilities; the impact of disability type; and are job acquisition barriers most salient, when looking for, applying to, or accepting a position.3,021 working-age adults (including 1,491 adults with disabilities) from a Qualtrics opt-in panel completed an online survey about employment status, job search barriers, and demographic factors (including disability). Logistic regression predicted odds of experiencing a job search barrier based on disability and other sociodemographic factors.Most job seekers reported barriers to employment, with disability being the strongest predictor. While the types of barriers experienced at all stages of the job search were similar for people with and without disabilities, people with disabilities experienced barriers significantly more often.Employment barriers among people with and without disabilities are similar in nature but vary by degree. Improvements in transportation and better alignment between education, training, and the job market may benefit all job seekers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Prolonged unemployment is associated with control loss and personal as well as social disengagement.
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Soral, Wiktor, Bukowski, Marcin, Bilewicz, Michał, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Lewczuk, Karol, Marchlewska, Marta, Rabinovitch, Aleksandra, Rędzio, Anna, Skrodzka, Magdalena, and Kofta, Mirosław
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HUMAN behavior , *SOCIAL skills , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *UNEMPLOYED people , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) - Abstract
Objective and Background Method Results and Conclusions The need for control is a fundamental human motivation, that when deprived can lead to broad and substantial changes in human behavior. We aimed to assess the consequences of control deprivation in a real‐life situation that poses a severe threat to personal control: a prolonged unemployment.Using a sample N = 1055 of unemployed (n = 748) versus working (n = 307) individuals, we examined predictions derived from two models of reactions to control deprivation: control‐regaining and disengagement/withdrawal.We found that length unemployment is correlated with a psychological state strongly interfering with psychological as well as social functioning. While control‐regaining models of responding to lack of control have received virtually no support from our findings, our results provide evidence that long‐term unemployed individuals are more disengaged than working individuals. They are more apathetic, less likely to engage in control‐regaining efforts and in active forms of construing one's own future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Scaling person‐centred psycho‐socioeconomic support for people living with HIV experiencing homelessness and unemployment in the Philippines: lessons learnt from the Open‐Doors Home programme.
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Olete, Rodenie A., Cadelina, Joseph S., Chu, Charmaine Faye M., Arriola, Emerson A., and Rendon, Inad Q.
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PSYCHOTHERAPY , *VOCATIONAL guidance , *QUALITY of life , *SOCIAL psychology , *PHYSICIANS , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *COMPLICATED grief , *BODY image - Abstract
The article discusses the Open-Doors Home (ODH) program, which was established by Gabay sa Pulang Laso Inc. (GPLI) in the Philippines to provide non-biomedical interventions for people living with HIV (PLHIV) who are experiencing homelessness and unemployment. The program aims to address the psychosocial and socioeconomic needs of PLHIV through individualized support, including shelter, nutrition, education, psychosocial counseling, career guidance, and livelihood training. The program also incorporates Supportive-Expressive Group Therapy (SEGT) sessions to improve mental health. The ODH program has shown promising results in enhancing the mental wellbeing and socioeconomic capacity of PLHIV, and there is a need to integrate similar programs into the existing HIV care cascade in the Philippines. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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47. Tobacco use and heavy episodic drinking among persons aged 18–69 years in Bolivia in 2019.
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Pengpid, Supa and Peltzer, Karl
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CROSS-sectional method , *MARRIAGE , *SMOKING , *SEX distribution , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *BINGE drinking , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SURVEYS , *TOBACCO products , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors - Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with tobacco use and heavy episodic drinking (TUHED), current tobacco use only (TU), and current heavy episodic drinking only (HED) among people 18–69 years in Bolivia in 2019. Cross-sectional study. The analysis used cross-sectional data from Bolivia's STEPS 2019 survey; 4472 individuals answered questions about substance use and socio-demographic information. The sample included 50.2% women and 49.8% men, 52.1% had secondary or higher education, 48.6% were Mestizo and 28.0% Quechua. The prevalence of TUHD was 6.0% (10.5% for men, 1.6% for women), TU 12.2% (20.0% for men, 4.4% for women), and HED 11.2% (13.4% for men and 9.1% for women). Male sex increased the risk of TU, HED and TUHED and belonging to the Amara ethnic group decreased the risk of TU and TUHED. Higher education was increased the odds of HED and among women of TUHED. Urban residence increased the risk of TUHED and among women of HED. For women, unemployment was associated with TU and marriage or cohabitation was inversely associated with TU, and for men, belonging to another ethnic group (such as Castellano or Tacana) increased the risk of TU and TUHED. More than 10% of the general adult population in Bolivia participated in TU and HED, and among men in TUHED. Various factors associated with the different categories of substance use were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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48. Examining predictors and outcomes of future decent work perception among Nigerian emerging adults.
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Ezema, Gabriel N. and Autin, Kelsey L.
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TRANSITION to adulthood , *LIFE satisfaction , *JOB satisfaction , *LABOR market , *SATISFACTION , *UNDERGRADUATES , *YOUNG adults , *UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
High levels of poverty and unemployment are pervasive barriers to Nigerian emerging adults entering the job market. The current study employed the Psychology of Working Theory to explore career engagement, academic satisfaction, and life satisfaction predictors in a nation experiencing the intersections of high poverty and high unemployment rate. We tested a model predicting these outcomes from economic constraints and marginalization mediated by work volition, career adaptability, and perceptions of future decent work. We administered online surveys to 310 undergraduates in Nigeria. Career adaptability and work volition predicted the perception of future access to decent work. Also, those who reported higher chances of securing decent work after graduation reported greater academic and life satisfaction and career engagement. While economic constraints predicted career adaptability in this model, marginalization did not predict career adaptability. In contrast with previous studies, economic constraints, and marginalization were not predictive of work volition or future decent work perception. We also found a positive relationship between economic challenges and career adaptability against the propositions of the Psychology of Working Theory (PWT). The implications of our findings were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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49. Five-Year Relative Survival Rates of Women Diagnosed with Uterine Cancer by County-Level Socioeconomic Status Overall and across Histology and Race/Ethnicity.
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Wijayabahu, Akemi T., McGee-Avila, Jennifer K., Shiels, Meredith S., Harsono, Alfonsus Adrian H., Arend, Rebecca C., and Clarke, Megan A.
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UTERINE tumors , *SURVIVAL rate , *INCOME , *RESEARCH funding , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RACE , *WOMEN'S health , *SOCIAL classes , *HISTOLOGY , *POVERTY , *EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Simple Summary: Persistent survival disparities by racial/ethnic groups are expected to worsen with rising incidence rates of aggressive uterine cancer subtypes. Understanding the impact of area-based socioeconomic factors on survival outcomes may help to better understand these disparities. This research aims to understand how living in counties with lower educational attainment, higher poverty, higher unemployment, lower median household income, and population density in urban areas may impact survival rates of women diagnosed with uterine cancer across racial/ethnic groups. Our findings show that lower county-level socioeconomic characteristics are linked with worse survival rates, mainly impacting women diagnosed with aggressive histologic subtypes and underrepresented racial/ethnic groups. Regardless of tumor and socioeconomic characteristics, non-Hispanic (NH) Black women consistently experience the poorest survival outcomes compared to other racial/ethnic groups included in this study. Racial/ethnic disparities in survival were observed even in the most affluent counties, suggesting that other factors beyond county-level socioeconomic status are at play. Understanding socioeconomic factors contributing to uterine cancer survival disparities is crucial, especially given the increasing incidence of uterine cancer, which disproportionately impacts racial/ethnic groups. We investigated the impact of county-level socioeconomic factors on five-year survival rates of uterine cancer overall and by histology across race/ethnicity. We included 333,013 women aged ≥ 30 years with microscopically confirmed uterine cancers (2000–2018) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 22 database followed through 2019. Age-standardized five-year relative survival rates were compared within race/ethnicity and histology, examining the differences across tertiles of county-level percent (%)
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- 2024
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50. Unemployment and households' food consumption: A cross‐country panel data analysis across OECD countries.
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Been, Jim, Bakker, Vincent, and van Vliet, Olaf
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FOOD consumption , *CONSUMPTION (Economics) , *DATA analysis , *HOUSEHOLDS , *UNEMPLOYMENT insurance , *UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Using a panel of all 38 OECD countries for the time period 1980–2020, we estimate elasticities between aggregate unemployment and households' average food consumption. For food consumption measured in calorie intake, we find a small but statistically and economically significant negative elasticity of about 0.02 with unemployment. This elasticity is about 0.03 for food spending measured in protein intake which suggests that unemployment most likely leads to decreases in the quality of food primarily, on average. These findings are robust to a wide variety of consumption definitions, functional forms, types of wealth and income fluctuations, countries considered, and institutions considered. Our results suggest that unemployment insurance benefits and households' savings both matter for the size of the elasticity, thereby operating as automatic stabilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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